WO2009015706A1

WO2009015706A1 - Heating element

Info

Publication number: WO2009015706A1
Application number: PCT/EP2008/002963
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter Weigl
Original assignee: Kermi Gmbh
Priority date: 2007-07-31
Filing date: 2008-04-09
Publication date: 2009-02-05
Also published as: EP2174067B1; EP2174067A1; PL2174067T3; RU2010107382A; RU2457406C2; CN101772679A; DE102007036141A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating element, particularly a flat heating element or a heating wall for part-load operation. Said heating element comprises an inlet connection (VL), an outlet connection (RL), a first penetrated heating plate (1) which preferably faces the space that is to be heated, at least one more penetrated heating plate (1') which is preferably disposed behind the first heating plate (1), connection pieces (a, b, c, d) that are arranged between the upper and lower end regions of the heating plates (1, 1'), and a heating element valve (2) for regulating the total mass flow of a heating medium. The first heating plate (1) is penetrated in a substantially even manner before the other heating plates (1') by selectively placing blocking members (4) in at least one of the connection pieces (a, b, c, d). Another heating element valve (3) which allows the mass flow of the heating medium to be conducted into the rear heating plate (1') via an overflow connection (5) is integrated into one of the upper connection pieces (a, b).

Description

radiator

The invention relates to a radiator, in particular a flat radiator or a heating wall for the part-load operation according to the preamble of claim 1.

Flat radiators and heating walls are - based on the heating power - the cheapest radiator types and are characterized by advantageous decorative and hygienic properties, especially by a comparatively low mass, which has an advantageous effect on their control behavior, especially with regard to energy-saving heating systems.

Heating systems and thus also radiators are usually designed for extremely low outside temperatures (so-called design case), in which a pleasant room temperature is still to be provided. As a parameter for the design of the radiator serve in particular the amount of water flowing through the radiator, the flow resistance and the ratio of the radiator sections with predominantly convective and radiant heat output. If these parameters are therefore usually tuned to extreme heating conditions, it is precisely the so-called part-load range with comparatively low heating power, which predominates over the major part of the heating period, that requires a different design and behavior of the radiator.

In order to provide the required heating power, so-called single-row radiators have a single heating plate with a substantially one-piece construction. In contrast, have two-row radiators, d. H. Radiator having a front facing the space to be heated and a plate arranged behind it, usually a symmetrical structure, wherein the front and rear heating plate is always symmetrical, d. H. with the same amount of water, is flown. This also applies to the front two heating plates of a three- or multi-row radiator.

Especially in the partial load range, ie at a comparatively mild outside temperature, said one-piece or symmetrical structure has a disadvantageous effect. in the Part load range radiators only provide heating power of a few 100 watts, so that they are only flowed through by relatively little water. Because of the usually high proportion of convection in the total heat dissipation, the single or front, the space-facing portion of a single-row radiator with convection plates will have a relatively low temperature. This disadvantageous effect is exacerbated in multi-row radiators due to the symmetrical structure, because not only the front section is used for heating but also arranged behind sections. Thus, only part of the total heat is dissipated via the front heating plate. At low heating power, the front heating plate thus remains comparatively cold. Compared to the body temperature cold radiator surfaces, however, adversely affect the indoor environment, because they are perceived as uncomfortable. In the partial load range is added that suddenly added to external heat sources, such as irregular sunlight, suddenly switched light bulbs, ceiling spotlights or computers and additional people in the room to be heated, lead to a further reduction in the required heating power, which also very quickly at high convection of the radiator leads to cold radiator surfaces. It should be borne in mind that, with increasingly better thermal insulation, radiators designed for high heat outputs, even at extreme outside temperatures, need to work almost exclusively in the partial load range. In view of this problem, radiators have been developed, which further develop the above-mentioned single or multi-row radiator while maintaining the achievable heating capacity in view of the particular conditions in the partial load range, that the space comfort is increased by the fact that the surface facing the room or at least larger sections thereof are as warm as possible in the partial load range and the radiator can be adapted in its design to a full and part load operation. Among the advantageous properties are here in particular the high heat output at relatively low heating and manufacturing costs and the good control behavior to understand, so features that directly affect the comfort and the indoor climate of the heated room. Such a radiator is known for example from DE 197 29 633 C2. In conventional flat radiators are as stated above, all Trays of multi-row radiator heat independently flowing through parallel, ie acted upon by the proportionate same mass flow. This means that in part-load operation (normal case) all plates are heated uniformly - and this only to a small extent (the upper area). In a radiator according to DE 197 29 633 C2, at a low mass flow (ie, as a rule) this completely passed into the front plate. This results in faster and more uniform heating of the front panel with a higher average surface temperature. On the other hand, there is no flow in the rear panel (s), which means they remain "cold." Only when there is an increased heat requirement (greater mass flow) does the rear panel (s) flow through to reach the heating capacity required for the design case Heat demand-dependent control of the connection of the rear plate (s) is not described there.

In view of this problem situation, the invention has the object to further develop the above-mentioned single or multi-row radiator while maintaining the achievable heating power in view of the particular conditions in the partial load range, that the room comfort further increases and in particular the control can be improved. According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are contained in the accompanying claims.

Accordingly, the invention includes a radiator of the aforementioned type, with a flow connection, a return connection, a first flowed through and preferably facing the space to be heated front heating plate and at least one further flowed through and preferably arranged behind the heating plate and disposed between the upper and lower end portions of the heating plates Connecting pieces and a radiator valve for controlling the total mass flow of a heating medium, wherein the first (front) heating plate before the other (behind arranged) heating plates is flowed through substantially uniformly by a selective arrangement of shut-off devices in the connecting pieces. According to the invention, a further radiator valve is integrated in one of the two upper connecting pieces, with which the mass flow of the Heating medium can be passed into the rear heating plate via an overflow connection.

Depending on the heat requirement, the proportion of the total mass flow that enters the rear plate (s) can thus be regulated. As a rule (low heat demand and low mass flow), the second radiator valve is completely closed, i. all the heating medium supplied flows exclusively into the front panels, the rear panel (s) is (are) practically out of operation. For the design case (maximum heat requirement), the second radiator valve regulates to maximum opening. In this case, all plates are flowed through in parallel. Advantageously, in external control of the total mass flow of the heating medium, the two radiator valves are arranged in one of the two upper connecting pieces, wherein the relevant connecting piece is designed as a double piece with inner obturator and has an overflow connection.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, in external control of the total mass flow of the heating medium in each case a radiator valve is arranged in one of the two upper connecting pieces, wherein the connecting pieces are interconnected by an overflow and each having a shut-off, with only the respective water inlet side arranged connector to the front Heating plate is formed fluid-conducting heating.

Advantageously, it is provided that with integrated control of the total mass flow of the heating medium, the two radiator valves are integrated in one of the upper connecting pieces, wherein the connecting pieces are designed as double pieces with inner shut-off and an overflow connection. According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the upper connector is connected to the radiator valves with the respective opposite arranged in the lower end portion connecting piece via a riser, wherein the arranged in the lower end portion connecting piece is formed as a double piece with flow and return pipe. According to another advantageous embodiment, it is provided that in each case a radiator valve is arranged in one of the two upper connecting pieces, wherein the upper connecting pieces are interconnected by an overflow connection (pipe). The connecting pieces each have a shut-off device, wherein only the respective heating fluid inlet side arranged upper connecting piece to the front heating plate heating fluid is designed to be conductive. The overflow is connected in this embodiment via a riser to the respective opposite arranged in the lower end portion connecting piece, each arranged in the lower end portion connecting piece as a double piece with flow and return pipe (VL, RL) is formed.

So that it does not usually come to an overflow of water from the front heating plate (front panel) in the rear (n) heating plate (s) (back plate) and thus to a serial flow, the Heizmediumeintrittsseite opposite connecting pieces are designed so that they are not heating medium are formed by passing.

The drive and control of the radiator valve can be realized in various ways. Normally, the control and the drive via commercially available and commercially available thermostatic heads.

The drive can be electromotive and the control of the drive via a room thermostat. If electromotive or electrothermal drives are also used for radiator valve control, this is preferably controlled via the same room thermostat.

The drive can be electrothermal (electrically heated expansion chamber) and the control of the drive via a room thermostat. If electromotive or electrothermal drives are also used for radiator valve control, this is preferably controlled via the same room thermostat. The drive can be carried out by an electric motor and the control of the drive via a front plate temperature difference control.

The teaching according to the invention provides an improved part-load principle for radiators, since in partial-load behavior, the entire power is output from the front panel (in the case of serial flow, the rear panel is also heated, if only slightly). It is an even greater warming of the front panel (more radiation, faster heating) achieved than in conventional partial load radiators, with simultaneous cold back plate (better radiation shield effect).

The invention will be explained in more detail in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. The drawings show schematic representations

Fig. 1: a compact radiator with external control of

1 in a plan view, Fig. 1b: the radiator of Fig. 1 in a side view from the left, Fig. 1c: the radiator of Fig. 1 in a side view from the right .

Fig. 2: another embodiment of a compact radiator with external

2 shows a plan view of the radiator according to FIG. 2, FIG. 2b shows the radiator according to FIG. 2 in a side view from the left, FIG. 2c shows the radiator according to FIG. 2 in a side view from the right,

Fig. 3: a valve radiator with integrated control of

3 in a plan view, FIG. 3b: the radiator according to FIG. 3 in a side view from the left, FIG. 3c: the radiator according to FIG. 3 in a side view from the right . Fig. 4: a further embodiment of a valve radiator with integrated

4 shows a plan view of the radiator according to FIG. 4, FIG. 4b shows the radiator according to FIG. 4 in a side view from the left, FIG. 4c shows the radiator according to FIG. 4 in a side view from the right.

In the embodiment with external control of the total mass flow (compact radiator - Figures 1 and 2 with the accompanying views a to c) an additional radiator valve 3 is integrated in an upper connecting piece a, with the mass flow from the flow VL via a pipe socket 7 with integrated Radiator valve is controlled in the inlet opening of the rear plate T using a solid obturator 4 and an overflow 5. The regulation takes place over a usual radiator thermostat. Herein acts a (gas or liquid filled) integrated expansion chamber against an adjustable spring force. The setting of this second, rear thermostat must be adjusted to the setting of the control element or thermostat for the control of the total mass flow. Preferably, the second thermostat opens only at a larger temperature drop in the room (design case) and thus switches the rear (f) plates f to achieve the required heating power. As a rule, however, remains the radiator valve 3 to control the mass flow in the rear plate (s) 1 ^' closed. The total mass flow supplied via the first valve 2 flows only into the front plate 1. The embodiment according to FIG. 1 shows a compact radiator with equal operability, ie the two radiator valves 2, 3 are here associated with the connecting piece a, which is designed as a double piece and in the Inside is provided with a shut-off 4. The overflow 5 is formed as a U-shaped pipe socket. The heating medium inlet side opposite connecting pieces b and d are designed so that they are not heating fluid passing, ie near the front heating plate 1 shut-off valves 4 are provided.

The embodiment of FIG. 2 shows a compact radiator with mutual operability, ie the two radiator valves 2, 3 are here the separate connectors a and b assigned, which are designed as normal tees or tees with integrated valve seat, the additional Radiator valve 3 is integrated in the connector b. The overflow connection 5 is formed as a pipe connection between the upper connecting pieces a and b. The connecting pieces b and d are designed so that they are not passing through heating fluid, ie near the front heating plate 1 shut-off valves 4 are provided. The connecting piece a is closed by a shut-off device 4 for the heating fluid in the direction of the rear plate Y.

In the figures 3 and 4 and the accompanying views a to c embodiments of so-called valve radiators are shown with integrated control of the total mass flow. In this case, two or more parallel radiator valves 2, 3 - one for the front and the back plate 1, T are integrated in the upper connecting piece or pieces a or b, with which the mass flow per heating plate can be regulated separately. The regulation is carried out by means of conventional radiator thermostats, the setting of this second radiator thermostat (for the rear panel V) being adjusted to the setting of the first thermostat (for the front panel 1). Preferably, the rear thermostat opens only at a greater temperature drop in the room and thus switches the rear plate (s) Y to achieve the required heating power. As a rule, however, remains the radiator valve 3 to control the mass flow in the rear (n) plate (s) Y closed. The supplied total mass flow flows through the front radiator valve 2 only in the front plate. 1

So that it does not usually come to a Überströmendes of the heating fluid from the front panel 1 in the back plate (s) V and thus to a serial flow, the water inlet side opposite plate connections of the connecting pieces b, d are designed so that they are not conductive heating fluid. The heating fluid inlet side lower connecting piece c (double piece with supply and return nozzles), however, is conductive to both plates 1, Y heating medium, so that over this the heating fluid from both plates 1, Y can be discharged back into the pipe network. The flow VL is passed via the connecting piece c and a riser 6 to the overflow pipe 5.

The embodiment of FIG. 3 shows a valve radiator with equal operability, ie the two radiator valves 2, 3 are here the Assigned connector a, which is designed as a double piece and is provided with a shut-off device 4 inside. The overflow 5 is formed as a U-shaped pipe socket. The heating medium inlet side opposite connecting pieces b and d are designed so that they are not heating fluid passing, ie near the front heating plate 1 shut-off valves 4 are provided.

The embodiment of Fig. 4 shows a valve radiator with mutual operability, ie the two radiator valves 2, 3 are here the separate connectors a and b assigned, which are designed as normal tees or tees with integrated valve seat, the additional radiator valve 3 is integrated in the connector b. The overflow connection 5 is formed as a pipe connection between the upper connecting pieces a and b. The connecting pieces b and d are designed so that they are not passing through heating fluid, ie near the front heating plate 1 shut-off valves 4 are provided. The connecting piece a is closed by a shut-off device 4 for the heating fluid in the direction of the rear plate 1 ^' .

In the radiators described above, the drive and the control of the additional radiator valve can be realized in various ways. Normally, the control and the drive via commercially available and commercially available thermostatic heads.

The drive can be electrothermal (electrically heated expansion chamber) and the control of the drive via a room thermostat. If electromotive or electrothermal drives are also used for radiator valve control, this is preferably controlled via the same room thermostat. The drive can be electromotive and the control of the drive via a front plate temperature difference - control as described below.

On the front panel, a measurement of the surface temperature is made on at least 2 points. Measuring point 1 is in the vicinity of the inflow point of the flow into the plate so the hottest area of the radiator. The second measuring point 2 is set at the coldest point of the plate - in the normal case (forward flow through one of the connecting parts of the plates) diagonally opposite to measuring point 1. The measurement can be carried out either directly on the plate temperature sensor or non-contact (for example infrared measurement). At low mass flow (ie low heat demand), a relatively high temperature difference between the measuring points will occur. However, as the mass flow increases, this Delta-T will become smaller and smaller as the front panel is more uniformly heated. This information is evaluated and processed in the control element and thus controlled the electric motor drive. At high temperature difference on the front panel, the second radiator valve remains closed, i. no water flows into the rear heating plate (s). Falls below a dependent on the individual needs of the end user and / or heating system parameters in the control element adjustable minimum temperature difference, the obturator is opened and flows through the rear plate (s) parallel to the front panel to achieve the heating power required for the design case. With appropriate design of the control element various individually selectable programs can be deposited. Likewise, the integration of a "booster program" is possible, in which regardless of the temperature difference, the flap immediately goes to full opening in order to achieve the fastest possible heating .. In the above-described scheme, the drive can also be electrothermally (electrically heated expansion chamber) ,

Claims

claims

1. radiator, in particular flat radiator or heating wall, with

- flow connection (VL),

Return connection (RL),

- A first, through-flowed and preferably facing the space to be heated heating plate (1) and

- At least one further flowed through and preferably arranged behind heating plate (V) and

- Between the upper and lower end portions of the heating plates (1, V) arranged connecting pieces (a, b, c, d) and

- A radiator valve (2) for controlling the total mass flow of a

Heating medium, wherein by a selective arrangement of shut-off devices (4) in at least one of the connecting pieces (a, b, c, d), the first heating plate (1) in front of the other heating plates (V) flows through substantially uniformly, characterized in that in one of the upper connecting pieces (a, b), a further radiator valve (3) is integrated, with which the mass flow of the heating medium in the rear heating plate (V) via an overflow connection (5) can be conducted.

2. Radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that in external control of the total mass flow of the heating medium, the two radiator valves (2, 3) in one of the two upper connecting pieces (a, b) are arranged, wherein the connecting piece (a) or (b) is designed as a double piece with inner obturator (4) and an overflow connection (5).

3. Radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that in external control of the total mass flow of the heating medium in each case a radiator valve (2, 3) in one of the two upper connecting pieces (a, b) is arranged, wherein the connecting pieces (a) and (b) by an overflow connection (5) are interconnected, and each having a shut-off device (4), wherein only the respective water inlet side arranged connecting piece (a, b) to the front heating plate (1) heating fluid is designed to be conductive.

4. Radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that with integrated control of the total mass flow of the heating medium, the two radiator valves (2, 3) in one of the upper connecting pieces (a, b) are integrated, wherein the connecting pieces (a) or (b) as Double pieces with inner obturator (4) and an overflow connection (5) are formed and the overflow connection (5) via a riser (6) with the respective oppositely disposed in the lower end portion connecting piece (c) or (d), wherein in the lower End portion arranged connecting piece (c) or (d) as a double piece with flow and return pipe (VL, RL) is formed.

5. Heater according to claim 1, characterized in that in each case a radiator valve (2, 3) in one of the two upper connecting pieces (a, b) is arranged, wherein the connecting pieces (a) and (b) by an overflow connection (5) connected to each other are each, and each have a shut-off device (4), wherein only each heating fluid inlet side arranged connecting piece (a, b) to the front heating plate (1) heating fluid is conductive, the overflow connection (5) via a riser (6) with the respective opposite in lower end portion arranged connecting piece (c) or (d) is connected, wherein the arranged in the lower end portion connecting piece (c) or (d) as a double piece with flow and return pipe (VL, RL) is formed.

6. Heater according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Heizmediumeintrittsseite opposite connecting pieces are not formed in each case by heating medium.

7. Radiator according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drive of the radiator valve (3) takes place electromotively and the control of the drive via a room thermostat.

8. Heater according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drive of the radiator valve (3) is electrothermic (electrically heated expansion chamber) and the control of the drive via a room thermostat.

9. Radiator according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drive of the radiator valve (3) is electromotive or electrothermic and the control of the drive via a front panel -Temperaturdifferenz - control.