WO2009010803A1 - Combating cross-infection - Google Patents

Combating cross-infection Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009010803A1
WO2009010803A1 PCT/GB2008/050584 GB2008050584W WO2009010803A1 WO 2009010803 A1 WO2009010803 A1 WO 2009010803A1 GB 2008050584 W GB2008050584 W GB 2008050584W WO 2009010803 A1 WO2009010803 A1 WO 2009010803A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
formulation
copper
connection
electrical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/050584
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Anthony James Locke
Original Assignee
Anthony James Locke
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anthony James Locke filed Critical Anthony James Locke
Priority to GB1002300.0A priority Critical patent/GB2464071B/en
Publication of WO2009010803A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009010803A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of coating formulations in combating infection.
  • Copper powder-containing formulations are, of course, known for anti- fouling marine paints; such formulations are intended for the purpose of preventing barnacles, algae or the like from growing on surfaces in a marine environment.
  • JP 58011564 discloses a formulation containing 100 parts by weight of copper powder, together with 2 to 30 parts by weight of electrically conductive fibres, an electrically conductive bonding agent, and 400 to 800 parts of a paint.
  • the latter paint is 10 to 30% coating vehicle and 90 to 70% solvent, such that the coating vehicle is in an amount of 40 to 240 parts by weight and the solvent is in an amount of 720 to 560 parts by weight, and that both are present in an amount exceeding that of the copper).
  • Such a formulation is described for the purposes of stainproofing and anti-corrosion, and the connection of electrical power from a power source is required; such that an electrically conductive coating material results in antibacterial activity similar to that of copper metal.
  • coating materials containing copper or copper alloys tend not to have the antibacterial properties of copper, so there is no teaching that such materials could be used in preventing cross- contamination from touch surfaces.
  • a method of combating cross-infection from touch surfaces for example, of fixtures or fittings in a building, which method comprises: applying to said touch surfaces a coating formulation comprising a liquid carrier, a substantially non-conductive film-forming binder, and, dispersed in the carrier and binder, copper or copper alloy in powdered form in an amount of at least 40% by weight of the formulation, so as to form a coating, there being no application of electrical power to the resulting coating.
  • the copper or copper alloy powder used in the formulation just described may be of any suitable particle size and shape, but the preferred material is a copper or copper alloy powder which passes 200, more preferably, 300 mesh (British Standard) and is irregular in shape.
  • the copper content of the powder is preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 94% (such as about 99%).
  • the copper or copper alloy powder is the only metallic and/or electrically conductive ingredient of the coating formulation.
  • the proportion of copper or copper alloy powder present in the coating formulation used according to the invention is typically in the range 50 to 60% by weight. It is surprising that a formulation containing such a high loading of copper or copper alloy powder maintains its integrity as a coating and provides a coating having conductivity comparable to that of copper metal.
  • the liquid carrier may be aqueous and/or an organic solvent; when an organic solvent-based carrier is used, the coating formulation may be in the nature of a gloss paint, an undercoat, or an eggshell finish paint. When an aqueous carrier is used, the coating formulation may be in the nature of an emulsion paint, a matte finish paint, or the like. In view of environmental concerns, it is preferred wherever possible to employ an aqueous carrier, together with suitable dispersants, surfactants or the like.
  • the liquid carrier is preferably used in an amount of at least twice that of the film-forming binder.
  • the film-forming binder is chosen depending on the nature of the carrier; for example, when a solvent-based carrier is used, the film-forming binder may be a cellulosic polymer, and acrylic polymer or the like. When an aqueous carrier is used, the film-forming binder may be a water-soluble or dispersible polymer, such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based binder. In any case, there is no need according to the invention to employ electrically conductive bonding agents in the coating formulation.
  • the formulation used according to the invention may contain one or more pigments, chosen depending on the colour effect desired; the formulation optionally further contains one or more non-deleterious additives. It is, however, particularly preferred that the formulation should be substantially free of any organic biocides or biocides in the form of salts or complexes of heavy metals.
  • touch surfaces such as door knobs and handles, grab rails, toilet flush controls, tiles, push plates, countertops, taps or sinks
  • touch surfaces generally constitute exposed surfaces of fixtures or fittings in a building used for healthcare purposes, or otherwise used by members of the public.
  • the formulation may be applied to the touch surface by any suitable means, such as spraying, spreading or the like.
  • the formulation is preferably applied to the touch surface by a conventional spreading method, for example, using a spreading pad, roller, brush or the like.
  • the touch surface to which the coating formulation is applied should be electrically earthed or grounded (for example, when the formulation is applied to surfaces such as wall tiles, taps or the like).
  • an earth or ground connection when used should be the only electrical connection for the coating, and there should be no application of electrical power, partly for reasons of efficacy and partly to avoid dangers caused by application of electrical power to touch surfaces.
  • the earth or ground connection aids in dissipating static electric charges which is believed to assist in preventing moisture from travelling across the touch surface and thereby prevent activation of any spores present on the surface.
  • this may be by means of an elongate conductor typically of wire, strip or the like. It is especially preferred that such a conductor has a diameter (or thickness, if the conductor is in the form of strip) of less than 1 mm - more preferably a diameter or thickness of not more than 0.6mm.
  • Such a conductor When such a conductor is used, it should be electrically connected to an earth (ground) via a conductive terminal arranged to complete a connection to the earth.
  • a conductive terminal may be in the nature of a clamp or grip, arranged to grip an electrically conductive body (such as a water pipe or the like) which is already electrically connected to the earth.
  • such a conductive terminal comprises a plug adapted to be inserted into an electrical mains supply socket, the plug having a single active pin arranged to be in electrical contact with the elongate conductor, the active pin being shaped and located for insertion into the earth socket of a conventional three-pin socket.
  • Such a plug having a single active pin (that is, without active conductive pins to be inserted into the live or neutral sockets of a conventional three-pin socket) is believed to be novel per se.
  • the plug may have non-conductive pins (of rigid plastics or the like) for insertion into the live and neutral sockets.
  • a switch may be provided between the conductive terminal and the elongate conductor, in order to selectively prevent or permit connection to earth.
  • a combination of the coating formulation according to the invention, together with earthing connection means comprising an elongate conductor and conductive terminal means arranged to complete a connection to the earth is also believed to be novel per se.
  • the touch surface itself may be of any suitable material, such as stainless steel, aluminium, chrome-plated metal, plastics or the like. Depending on the nature of the surface, it may sometimes be desirable to mechanically treat the surface to improve bonding of the formulation thereto, and/or to apply a primer and/or undercoat before applying the formulation according to the invention.
  • the formulation may be applied to the touch surface by any suitable means, such as spraying, spreading (for example using a brush, roller or the like).
  • the method according to the present invention is preferably employed to combat infection in a healthcare building or building used by members of the public, in which the formulation is applied to exposed touch surfaces, being fixtures or fittings of the building.
  • the present invention will be further illustrated by the following Example and the accompanying drawing ( Figure 1 ).
  • Example A commercially available water-based emulsion paint (sold as "Wickes” emulsion trade paint) was blended with copper powder of particle size 300 mesh such the resulting blend contained 55% by weight copper.
  • the resulting blend was spread evenly on the surfaces of a large number of 10 mm 2 stainless steel coupons which had been previously degreased by washing first in filtered water containing detergent and then in 70% ethanol (followed by vortexing for about 30 seconds).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

Cross-infection from touch surfaces of fixtures orfittings in a building is combated by applying to the touch surfaces a coating formulation comprising a liquid carrier, a substantially non-conductive film-forming binder, and, dispersed in the carrier and binder, copper or a copper alloy in powdered form in an amount of at least 40 % by weight of the formulation, so as to form a coating, there being no application ofelectrical power to the resulting coating.

Description

Combating cross-infection
The present invention relates to the use of coating formulations in combating infection.
It has been known for many years that copper in metallic form has natural antimicrobial properties. It has recently been shown that, in addition to its known broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, copper can help to reduce cross-infection resulting from the presence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and other organisms such as Clostridium difficile. For this reason, it has been proposed to use uncoated copper or high copper alloys (such as brasses or bronzes) for fixtures or fittings having touch surfaces in healthcare and other public facilities. Examples of such fixtures or fittings having touch surfaces are door knobs and handles, grab rails, toilet flush controls, push plates, countertops, taps or sinks.
The difficulty with the proposal to use copper for such fixtures and fittings is that such fixtures and fittings are traditionally made from a wide range of other materials, such as stainless steel, chrome-plated steel, aluminium, plastics and the like. Considerable expenditure is required to replace all such fixtures and fittings with suitable copper or copper alloy bodies.
I have established that comparable results can be achieved by coaling the relevant surfaces of such fixtures and fittings with formulations containing high loadings of copper; this procedure avoids the need to replace the relevant articles having touch surfaces.
Copper powder-containing formulations are, of course, known for anti- fouling marine paints; such formulations are intended for the purpose of preventing barnacles, algae or the like from growing on surfaces in a marine environment.
An example of such a formulation containing copper powder is known from JP 58011564, which document discloses a formulation containing 100 parts by weight of copper powder, together with 2 to 30 parts by weight of electrically conductive fibres, an electrically conductive bonding agent, and 400 to 800 parts of a paint. The latter paint is 10 to 30% coating vehicle and 90 to 70% solvent, such that the coating vehicle is in an amount of 40 to 240 parts by weight and the solvent is in an amount of 720 to 560 parts by weight, and that both are present in an amount exceeding that of the copper). Such a formulation is described for the purposes of stainproofing and anti-corrosion, and the connection of electrical power from a power source is required; such that an electrically conductive coating material results in antibacterial activity similar to that of copper metal.
The document indicates that coating materials containing copper or copper alloys tend not to have the antibacterial properties of copper, so there is no teaching that such materials could be used in preventing cross- contamination from touch surfaces.
Contrary to the teachings of JP 5801 1564, I have found that certain copper powder containing formulations are useful in preventing cross-contamination from touch surfaces.
According to the present invention, therefore, there is provided a method of combating cross-infection from touch surfaces, for example, of fixtures or fittings in a building, which method comprises: applying to said touch surfaces a coating formulation comprising a liquid carrier, a substantially non-conductive film-forming binder, and, dispersed in the carrier and binder, copper or copper alloy in powdered form in an amount of at least 40% by weight of the formulation, so as to form a coating, there being no application of electrical power to the resulting coating.
The copper or copper alloy powder used in the formulation just described may be of any suitable particle size and shape, but the preferred material is a copper or copper alloy powder which passes 200, more preferably, 300 mesh (British Standard) and is irregular in shape. The copper content of the powder is preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 94% (such as about 99%).
It is preferred that the copper or copper alloy powder is the only metallic and/or electrically conductive ingredient of the coating formulation. The proportion of copper or copper alloy powder present in the coating formulation used according to the invention is typically in the range 50 to 60% by weight. It is surprising that a formulation containing such a high loading of copper or copper alloy powder maintains its integrity as a coating and provides a coating having conductivity comparable to that of copper metal.
The liquid carrier may be aqueous and/or an organic solvent; when an organic solvent-based carrier is used, the coating formulation may be in the nature of a gloss paint, an undercoat, or an eggshell finish paint. When an aqueous carrier is used, the coating formulation may be in the nature of an emulsion paint, a matte finish paint, or the like. In view of environmental concerns, it is preferred wherever possible to employ an aqueous carrier, together with suitable dispersants, surfactants or the like. The liquid carrier is preferably used in an amount of at least twice that of the film-forming binder.
The film-forming binder is chosen depending on the nature of the carrier; for example, when a solvent-based carrier is used, the film-forming binder may be a cellulosic polymer, and acrylic polymer or the like. When an aqueous carrier is used, the film-forming binder may be a water-soluble or dispersible polymer, such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based binder. In any case, there is no need according to the invention to employ electrically conductive bonding agents in the coating formulation.
The formulation used according to the invention may contain one or more pigments, chosen depending on the colour effect desired; the formulation optionally further contains one or more non-deleterious additives. It is, however, particularly preferred that the formulation should be substantially free of any organic biocides or biocides in the form of salts or complexes of heavy metals.
The formulation used according to the invention may be applied to touch surfaces (such as door knobs and handles, grab rails, toilet flush controls, tiles, push plates, countertops, taps or sinks) and allowed to cure or dry to form a coating layer on the touch surface. Such touch surfaces generally constitute exposed surfaces of fixtures or fittings in a building used for healthcare purposes, or otherwise used by members of the public.
The formulation may be applied to the touch surface by any suitable means, such as spraying, spreading or the like. The formulation is preferably applied to the touch surface by a conventional spreading method, for example, using a spreading pad, roller, brush or the like.
It is particularly preferred that the touch surface to which the coating formulation is applied should be electrically earthed or grounded (for example, when the formulation is applied to surfaces such as wall tiles, taps or the like). However, an earth or ground connection when used should be the only electrical connection for the coating, and there should be no application of electrical power, partly for reasons of efficacy and partly to avoid dangers caused by application of electrical power to touch surfaces. The earth or ground connection aids in dissipating static electric charges which is believed to assist in preventing moisture from travelling across the touch surface and thereby prevent activation of any spores present on the surface.
When it is desired to provide earthing, this may be by means of an elongate conductor typically of wire, strip or the like. It is especially preferred that such a conductor has a diameter (or thickness, if the conductor is in the form of strip) of less than 1 mm - more preferably a diameter or thickness of not more than 0.6mm.
When such a conductor is used, it should be electrically connected to an earth (ground) via a conductive terminal arranged to complete a connection to the earth. Such a terminal may be in the nature of a clamp or grip, arranged to grip an electrically conductive body (such as a water pipe or the like) which is already electrically connected to the earth.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, such a conductive terminal comprises a plug adapted to be inserted into an electrical mains supply socket, the plug having a single active pin arranged to be in electrical contact with the elongate conductor, the active pin being shaped and located for insertion into the earth socket of a conventional three-pin socket.
Such a plug having a single active pin (that is, without active conductive pins to be inserted into the live or neutral sockets of a conventional three-pin socket) is believed to be novel per se. The plug may have non-conductive pins (of rigid plastics or the like) for insertion into the live and neutral sockets.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a switch may be provided between the conductive terminal and the elongate conductor, in order to selectively prevent or permit connection to earth.
A combination of the coating formulation according to the invention, together with earthing connection means comprising an elongate conductor and conductive terminal means arranged to complete a connection to the earth is also believed to be novel per se.
The touch surface itself may be of any suitable material, such as stainless steel, aluminium, chrome-plated metal, plastics or the like. Depending on the nature of the surface, it may sometimes be desirable to mechanically treat the surface to improve bonding of the formulation thereto, and/or to apply a primer and/or undercoat before applying the formulation according to the invention.
The formulation may be applied to the touch surface by any suitable means, such as spraying, spreading (for example using a brush, roller or the like).
The method according to the present invention is preferably employed to combat infection in a healthcare building or building used by members of the public, in which the formulation is applied to exposed touch surfaces, being fixtures or fittings of the building. The present invention will be further illustrated by the following Example and the accompanying drawing (Figure 1 ).
Example A commercially available water-based emulsion paint (sold as "Wickes" emulsion trade paint) was blended with copper powder of particle size 300 mesh such the resulting blend contained 55% by weight copper.
The resulting blend was spread evenly on the surfaces of a large number of 10 mm2 stainless steel coupons which had been previously degreased by washing first in filtered water containing detergent and then in 70% ethanol (followed by vortexing for about 30 seconds)..
Once the coated tokens were dry, 30 microlitres of an MRSA culture was inoculated on to the surfaces and also on to control (non-painted) tokens which were otherwise identical. All the tokens were placed either on an earthed or unearthed surface for an allotted time (one hour, 3 hours or 6 hours)
The numbers of MRSA colonies after each time are shown in the accompanying drawing, which is graph which plots the log of the number of MRSA colonies resulting from the inoculations with MRSA. In the graph, columns A represent numbers obtained with control (uncoated) tokens; columns B represent numbers obtained with coated but unearthed tokens, and columns C represent numbers obtained with coated and earthed tokens.
Columns B and C show a significant reduction in MRSA colonies after 1 and 3 hours, and also after 6 hours; the greatest reduction was attained after 6 hours using an earthed coating.
Similar results were achieved using a commercially available ("Wickes") paint for metal or a ("Ronseal") tile paint to which copper powder of particle size 300 mesh was added such the resulting blend contained 55% by weight copper metal.

Claims

1 A method of combating cross-infection from touch surfaces of fixtures or fittings in a building, which method comprises: applying to said touch surfaces a coating formulation comprising a liquid carrier, a substantially non-conductive film-forming binder, and, dispersed in the carrier and binder, copper or a copper alloy in powdered form in an amount of at least 40% by weight of the formulation, so as to form a coating, there being no application of electrical power to the resulting coating.
2 A method according to claim 1 , wherein the copper or copper alloy powder is the only metallic and/or electrically conductive ingredient of the coating formulation.
3 A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coating formulation is electrically earthed or grounded via an earth connection.
4 A method according to claim 3, wherein the touch surface is of an electrically insulating material and an electrical earth connection is applied to the coating.
5 A method according to claim 3, wherein the touch surface is of an unearthed electrically conductive material, and an electrical earth connection is applied to the coating.
6 A method according to any of claims 3 to 5, wherein the earth connection is the sole electrical connection for the coating.
7 For use in a method of combating cross-infection, a coating formulation comprising a liquid carrier, a substantially non-conductive film-forming binder, and, dispersed in the carrier and binder, copper or a copper alloy in powdered form in an amount constituting at least 40% by weight of the formulation. In combination, a coating formulation according to claim 7 and earthing connection means comprising an elongate conductor and conductive terminal means arranged to complete a connection to the earth.
A combination according to claim 8, in which the conductive terminal comprises a clamp or grip, arranged to grip an electrically conductive body or a plug adapted to be inserted into an electrical mains supply socket.
PCT/GB2008/050584 2007-07-19 2008-07-17 Combating cross-infection WO2009010803A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1002300.0A GB2464071B (en) 2007-07-19 2008-07-17 Coating formulation for combating cross-infection

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0714051.0A GB0714051D0 (en) 2007-07-19 2007-07-19 Coating formulation and use thereof
GB0714051.0 2007-07-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009010803A1 true WO2009010803A1 (en) 2009-01-22

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WO (1) WO2009010803A1 (en)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5811564A (en) * 1981-07-15 1983-01-22 Chiyouri Kk Electrically conductive coating material and stainproof and corrosionproof apparatus
WO1995021216A1 (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-08-10 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Primer composition and use of the same composition for coating metal surfaces with a fluororesin
DE19737685A1 (en) * 1997-08-29 1999-04-01 Sonderhoff Ernst Fa Screening seal for electrical equipment
WO2002087340A1 (en) * 2001-04-30 2002-11-07 Ak Properties, Inc. Antimicrobial coated metal sheet
WO2005007758A2 (en) * 2003-07-03 2005-01-27 C Steven Mcdaniel Antifungal and antibacterial coating compositions

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5811564A (en) * 1981-07-15 1983-01-22 Chiyouri Kk Electrically conductive coating material and stainproof and corrosionproof apparatus
WO1995021216A1 (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-08-10 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Primer composition and use of the same composition for coating metal surfaces with a fluororesin
DE19737685A1 (en) * 1997-08-29 1999-04-01 Sonderhoff Ernst Fa Screening seal for electrical equipment
WO2002087340A1 (en) * 2001-04-30 2002-11-07 Ak Properties, Inc. Antimicrobial coated metal sheet
WO2005007758A2 (en) * 2003-07-03 2005-01-27 C Steven Mcdaniel Antifungal and antibacterial coating compositions

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 198309, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1983-21286K, XP002504503 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2464071A (en) 2010-04-07
GB201002300D0 (en) 2010-03-31
GB2464071B (en) 2012-01-18
GB0714051D0 (en) 2007-08-29

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