Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
  • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
  • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
  • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
  • B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
  • B29C44/5609—Purging of residual gas, e.g. noxious or explosive blowing agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
  • C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/2805—Compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/2815—Monohydroxy compounds
  • C08G18/283—Compounds containing ether groups, e.g. oxyalkylated monohydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
  • C08G18/4018—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/48
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/44—Polycarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4854—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/721—Two or more polyisocyanates not provided for in one single group C08G18/73 - C08G18/80
  • C08G18/722—Combination of two or more aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/36—After-treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
  • C08G2110/0066—≥ 150kg/m3
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes

Definitions

• the invention relates to the microwave drying of foams, which are preferably obtained from aqueous PU dispersions.
• aqueous binders in particular polyurethane dispersions, are used.
• polyurethane dispersions are particularly suitable for applications in the field of upholstery, occupational safety and automobile interior trim.
• foam pads with a relatively high layer thickness, as they are otherwise possible only with solvent-containing high solids Be Schweizerungsmittteln (DE 10 2004 060 139).
• foams based on aqueous polyurethane dispersions are also largely free from organic solvents and isocyanate monomers, they can also be used without further pretreatment or purification for cosmetic and medical applications.
• Foams made from aqueous PU dispersions are typically prepared by foaming, application of the foam to a support and subsequent physical drying. To speed up the drying, warm air is usually used. This technique of drying, however, is only suitable for foam thicknesses of a maximum of 3 mm based on the wet foam layer to be dried. For layers of greater thickness, the problem arises that the foam dries only superficially and moisture from the interior is increasingly difficult to escape. This leads to an inhomogeneous and in some cases greatly delayed drying behavior.
• aqueous paints in particular paints based on aqueous polyurethane dispersions by means of microwave radiation
• these are always paint films with layer thicknesses of a maximum of 100 ⁇ m, which are usually bubble-free, ie without any type of foam structures.
• microwave radiation is also suitable for drying foams which are produced from aqueous PU dispersions while retaining their foam structure, it being possible to achieve uniform drying of the foam over the entire foam cross section.
• the invention therefore relates to a process for drying water-moist foams, preferably those which are obtainable from aqueous PU dispersions and optionally further constituents by foaming, in which the moist foam is exposed to microwave radiation.
• Drying in the context of the present invention means lowering the water content of a foam to be dried.
• Water moisture in connection with the present invention means a water content based on the total foam of at least 10 wt .-%, preferably 15 to 60 wt .-%, particularly preferably 35 to 60 wt .-%.
• microwave radiation is understood as meaning electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range from 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Radiation in the frequency ranges 2.0 to 3.0 GHz and 0.8 to 1.5 GHz are preferred. Particularly preferred frequencies are 2.2 to 2.6 and 0.85 to 1.0 GHz. Most preferably, the frequencies are 2.45 GHz (+0.1 GHz) and 0.915 GHz (+0.05 GHz).
• Suitable aqueous PU dispersions which are based on the foams to be dried, are all dispersions of polyurethanes and / or polyurethane polyureas known to the person skilled in the art in aqueous media.
• the PU dispersions preferably have solids contents of 40 to 63% by weight.
• Such PU dispersions are preferably obtainable in which
• polymeric polyols having number average molecular weights of 400 to 8000 g / mol and OH functionalities of 1.5 to 6, a3) optionally hydroxy-functional, ionic or potentially ionic and / or nonionic hydrophilicizing agents,
• step B wherein optionally contained potentially ionic groups can be converted by partial or complete reaction with a neutralizing agent in the ionic form.
• Isocyanate-reactive groups are, for example, amino, hydroxy or thiol groups.
• modified diisocyanates having uretdione, isocyanurate, urethane, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione and / or oxadiazinetrione structures and those of unmodified polyisocyanates having more than 2 NCO groups per molecule, such as Isocyanatomethyl-l, 8-octane diisocyanate (nonane triisocyanate) or triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4'-triisocyanate.
• the compounds of component al) are particularly preferably polyisocyanates or polyisocyanate mixtures of the abovementioned type with exclusively aliphatically and / or cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups and an average NCO functionality of the mixture of 2 to 4, preferably 2 to 2.6 and more preferably 2 to 2.4.
• polymeric polyols having number average molecular weights of 400 to 6000 g / mol, particularly preferably from 600 to 3000 g / mol are used. These preferably have OH functionalities of from 1.8 to 3, particularly preferably from 1.9 to 2.1.
• Such polymeric polyols which are known per se in polyurethane coating technology, are polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyether polyols, polyacrylate polyols, polyether polyols and polyether polyols. polyester polyols and polyethercarbonate polyols. These can be used in a2) individually or in any mixtures with one another.
• polymeric polyols of the aforementioned type used are preferably those having an aliphatic skeleton. Preference is given to using aliphatic polycarbonate polyols, polyester polyols, polyether polyols or any mixtures thereof.
• Preferred embodiments of the PUR dispersions to be used preferably comprise as component a2) a mixture of polycarbonate polyols and polytetramethylene glycol polyols, the proportion in the mixture being from 35 to 70% by weight of polytetramethylene glycol polyols and from 30 to 65% by weight polycarbonate polyols Assuming that the sum of the weight percentages of the polycarbonate and polytetramethylene glycol polyols gives 100% by weight.
• Suitable ionically or potentially ionically hydrophilic compounds are, for example, mono- and dihydroxycarboxylic acids, mono- and dihydroxy-sulfonic acids, and mono- and dihydroxyphosphonic acids and their salts, such as dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolbutyric acid, hydroxypivalic acid, malic acid, citric acid, glycol acid, lactic acid, the propoxylated adduct of 2-butenediol and NaHSO 3 , for example described in DE-A 2 446 440 (page 5-9, formula I-Iü) and compounds which can be converted into cationic groups, for example amine -based, building blocks such as N-methyl-diethanolamine as hydrophilic structural components.
• mono- and dihydroxycarboxylic acids such as dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolbutyric acid, hydroxypivalic acid, malic acid, citric acid, glycol acid, lactic acid, the propoxylated adduct of 2-butened
• Preferred ionic or potentially ionic hydrophilicizing agents of component a3) are those of the abovementioned type which have an anionic, preferably hydrophilic, effect via carboxy or carboxylate and / or sulfonate groups.
• Particularly preferred ionic or potentially ionic hydrophilicizing agents are those which contain carboxyl and / or sulfonate groups as anionic or potentially anionic groups, such as the salts of dimethylolpropionic acid or dimethylolbutyric acid.
• Suitable nonionically hydrophilicizing compounds of component a3) are, for example, polyoxyalkylene ethers which contain at least one hydroxyl group as the isocyanate-reactive group.
• Examples are the monohydroxy-functional, on average 5 to 70, preferably 7 to 55 ethylene oxide units per molecule having Polyalkylenoxidpolyetheralkohole as they are accessible in a conventional manner by alkoxylation of suitable starter molecules (eg in Ulimann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th Edition, Volume 19 , Verlag Chemie, Weinheim pp. 31-38).
• Particularly preferred nonionic compounds are monofunctional mixed polyalkylene oxide polyethers which have 40 to 100 mol% of ethylene oxide and 0 to 60 mol% of propylene oxide units.
• Suitable starter molecules for such nonionic hydrophilicizing agents are saturated monohydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, the isomers pentanols, hexanols, octanols and nonanols, n-decanol, n-dodecanol, n-tetradecanol, n-hexadecanol, n-octadecanol, cyclohexanol, the isomeric methylcyclohexanols or hydroxymethylcyclohexane, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, such as diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol, 1,1
• Alkylene oxides which are suitable for the alkoxylation reaction are, in particular, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, which can be used in any desired order or else as a mixture in the alkoxylation reaction.
• component bl) can di- or polyamines such as 1, 2-ethylenediamine, 1,2- and 1,3-diaminopropane, 1, 4-diaminobutane, 1, 6-diaminohexane, isophoronediamine, isomer mixture of 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2-methylpentamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and 4,4-diaminodicyclohexylmethane and / or dimethylethylenediamine.
• component bl it is also possible to use compounds which, in addition to a primary amino group, also have secondary amino groups or, besides an amino group (primary or secondary), also OH groups.
• Examples of these are primary / secondary amines, such as diethanolamine, 3-amino-1-methylaminopropane, 3-amino-1-ethylaminopropane, 3-amino-1-cyclohexylaminopropane, 3-amino-1-methylaminobutane, alkanolamines such as N-aminoethyl-ethanolamine , Ethanolamine, 3-aminopropanol, neopentanolamine.
• component bl it is also possible to use monofunctional amine compounds, for example methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, octylamine, laurylamine, stearylamine, isononyloxypropylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, N-methylaminopropylamine, diethyl (methyl) aminopropylamine, Mo ⁇ holin, piperidine, or suitable substituted derivatives thereof, amide amines from diprimary amines and monocarboxylic acids, mono- ketime of diprimary amines, primary / tertiary amines, such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine.
• monofunctional amine compounds for example methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, octylamine, laurylamine, stearylamine, isononyloxypropylamine,
• Suitable ionically or potentially ionically hydrophilicizing compounds are, for example, mono- and diaminocarboxylic acids, mono- and diaminosulfonic acids and mono- and diaminophosphonic acids and their salts.
• ionic or potentially ionic hydrophilicizing agents are N- (2-aminoethyl) - ⁇ -alanine, 2- (2-aminoethylamino) -ethanesulfonic acid, ethylenediamine-propyl- or -butylsulfonic acid, 1,2-or 1,3-propylenediamine- ⁇ -ethylsulfonic acid, glycine, alanine, taurine, lysine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and the addition product of IPDI and acrylic acid (EP-A 0 916 647, Example 1).
• cyclohexylaminopropanesulfonic acid (CAPS) from WO-A 01/88006 can
• Preferred ionic or potentially ionic hydrophilicizing agents b2) are those which contain carboxyl and / or sulfonate groups as anionic or potentially anionic groups, such as the salts of N- (2-aminoethyl) - ⁇ -alanine, 2- (2- Amino-ethylamino) ethanesulfonic acid or the addition product of IPDI and acrylic acid (EP-A 0 916 647, Example 1).
• anionic or potentially anionic hydrophilicizing agents such as the salts of N- (2-aminoethyl) - ⁇ -alanine, 2- (2- Amino-ethylamino) ethanesulfonic acid or the addition product of IPDI and acrylic acid (EP-A 0 916 647, Example 1).
• anionic or potentially anionic hydrophilicizing agents preference is given to using a mixture of anionic or potentially anionic hydrophilicizing agents and nonionic hydrophilicizing agents.
• the ratio of NCO groups of the compounds from component al) to NCO-reactive groups of components a2) to a3) in the preparation of the NCO-functional prepolymer is 1.2 to 3.0, preferably 1.3 to 2, 5th
• the amino-functional compounds in step B) are used in such an amount that the equivalent ratio of isocyanate-reactive amino groups of these compounds to the free isocyanate groups of the prepolymer is 50 to 125%, preferably between 60 to 120%.
• anionic and nonionic hydrophilicized polyurethane dispersions are used, the components al) to a3) and b1) to b2) being used for their preparation in the following amounts, the individual amounts adding up to 100% by weight:
• polyurethane dispersions (I) comprise as component al) isophorone diisocyanate and / or 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and / or the isomeric bis (4,4'-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methanes in combination with a2) a mixture of polycarbonate po - lyols and polytetramethylene glycol polyols.
• polyurethane dispersions can be carried out in one or more stages in homogeneous or multistage reaction, in some cases in disperse phase. After complete or partial polyaddition from al) to a3), a dispersing, emulsifying or dissolving step takes place. This is followed, if appropriate, by a further polyaddition or modification in disperse phase.
• Example prepolymer mixing method, acetone method or Schmelzdispergier processor can be used. Preference is given to proceeding by the acetone process.
• the components a2) to a3) which may have no primary or secondary amino groups and the polyisocyanate cyanate component al) for the preparation of an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer completely or partially and optionally with one with water Miscible but diluted with isocyanate inert solvent and heated to temperatures ranging from 50 to 120 0 C.
• the catalysts known in polyurethane chemistry can be used.
• Suitable solvents are the customary aliphatic, ketofunctional solvents such as acetone, 2-butanone, which may be added not only at the beginning of the preparation, but optionally also in parts later. Preference is given to acetone and 2-butanone.
• the aminic components b1), b2) can optionally be used individually or in mixtures in water- or solvent-diluted form in the process according to the invention, it being possible in principle for any order of addition to be possible.
• the diluent content in the chain-extending component used in B) is preferably 30 to 95% by weight.
• the dispersion preferably takes place after the chain extension.
• the dissolved and chain-extended polyurethane polymer is optionally added either under strong shearing, such as strong stirring, either in the dispersing water or, conversely, the dispersing water is stirred to the chain-extended polyurethane polymer solutions.
• the water is added to the dissolved chain-extended polyurethane polymer.
• the solvent still present in the dispersions after the dispersion step is then usually removed by distillation. A removal already during the dispersion is also possible.
• the residual content of organic solvents in the dispersions essential to the invention is typically less than 1.0% by weight, preferably less than 0.3% by weight, based on the total dispersion.
• the pH of the dispersions essential to the invention is typically less than 9.0, preferably less than 8.0.
• foam auxiliaries I
• thickeners HI
• other auxiliaries and additives IV
• Suitable foam assistants (II) are commercially available stabilizers, such as water-soluble fatty acid amides, sulfosuccinamides, hydrocarbon sulfonates, sulfates or fatty acid salts, the lipophilic radical preferably containing from 12 to 24 carbon atoms, alkyl polyglycosides, etc.
• Preferred foam assistants (Df) are alkanesulfonates or sulfates having 12 to 22 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon radical, alkylbenzenesulfonates or sulfates having 14 to 24 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon radical or fatty acid amides or fatty acid salts having 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
• fatty acid amides are preferably fatty acid amides of mono- or di- (C 2-3 -alkanol) -amines.
• Fatty acid salts may be, for example, alkali metal salts, amine salts or unsubstituted ammonium salts.
• Such fatty acid derivatives are typically based on fatty acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic, stearic, ricinoleic, behenic or arachidic, coconut, tallow, soybean and their hydrogenation products.
• foam auxiliaries are sodium lauryl sulfate, sulfosuccinamides and ammonium stearates, and mixtures thereof.
• thickeners are compounds which make it possible to adjust the viscosity of the resulting mixture of I-IV in such a way that it promotes the production and processing of the foam according to the invention.
• Commercially available thickeners are suitable as thickeners, such as natural organic thickeners, such as dextrins or starch, organically modified natural products, such as cellulose ethers or hydroxyethyl cellulose, fully synthetic organic, eg Polyacrylic acids, polyvinylpyrrolidones, poly (meth) acrylic compounds or polyurethanes (associative thickeners) and inorganic thickeners, eg Betonite or silicic acids. Preference is given to using organically fully synthetic thickeners.
• acrylate thickeners which are optionally further diluted with water before addition.
• Preferred commercially available thickeners are, for example, Mirox ® AM (BGB Stockhausen GmbH, Krefeld, Germany), Walocel® ® MT 6000 PV (Wolff Cellulosics GmbH & Co KG, Walsrode, Germany), Rhéolate ® 255 (Elementies Specialties, Gent, Belgium), Collacral® ® VL (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany), Aristoflex® ® AVL (Clariant, Sulzbach, Germany)
• auxiliaries and additives may, for.
• component (II) 80 to 99.5% by weight of the PU dispersion, 0.1 to 10% by weight of component (II) and 0.1 to 10% by weight of component (II) are preferably used in the production of foam, wherein the quantities are based on the corresponding anhydrous components (I) to (IH) and the sum of the anhydrous individual components added to 100 wt .-%.
• Foaming may be accomplished by the introduction of air and / or under the action of appropriate shear energy (e.g., mechanical stirring) or by commercial propellants. Preference is given to the entry of air under the action of appropriate shear energy.
• appropriate shear energy e.g., mechanical stirring
• commercial propellants Preference is given to the entry of air under the action of appropriate shear energy.
• the foamed composition can be applied in a variety of ways to a variety of surfaces or in molds such as, for example, casting, knife coating, rolling, brushing, spraying or spraying; as well as shaping by an extrusion process is possible. While the foamed material before drying has a preferred foam density of 200 to 900 g / l, particularly preferably 250 to 600 g / l, the density of the resulting foams after drying is preferably 50 to 700 g / l, more preferably 200 to 550 g / l.
• the power introduced at the aforementioned frequencies is preferably 250 to 6000 W, more preferably 500 to 4000 W per kilogram of foam to be dried.
• microwave radiation it is also possible to use a combination of microwave radiation and conventional thermal drying by heating the foam to be dried by means of IR radiation and / or hot air. It is immaterial whether the two types of drying are used in parallel or successively. In the case of successive drying by means of microwave radiation and thermal treatment, it is preferred to first perform a drying by means of microwave radiation and then to carry out the thermal treatment.
• sheet-like foams as can be produced by casting, are dried to a height of up to 30 mm.
• foam strands as are preferably obtained in the extrusion, with a height and width of the strand of 1 to 30 mm, preferably a height of 5 to 30 mm and a width of 1 to 30 mm.
• the drying of foams as they can be obtained by means of a mold casting process, is preferred, the foams each having an extent of 1 to 30 mm, based on their width and length.
• the foams according to the invention can also be applied in a plurality of layers, for example to produce particularly high foam deposits, onto a wide variety of substrates or cast into molds.
• foamed compositions according to the invention can also be used in combination with other carrier materials such as textile carriers, paper, etc., for example by prior application (eg coating). Best drying results are achieved when foams with a height of 1 to 30 mm, preferably 1 to 20 mm, as they can be prepared by knife coating, casting or extrusion can be used for drying.
• the inventive method allows a number of new application forms such as casting molding, extrusion, optionally followed by cutting.
• Particularly good foams are also obtained by drying the undried foam in a powder form, e.g. Starch or silica, are poured and then dried in the microwave.
• these can also be applied in a plurality of layers to a wide variety of substrates or cast into molds.
• the solids contents were determined according to DIN-EN ISO 3251.
• NCO contents were determined volumetrically in accordance with DIN-EN ISO 11909, unless expressly stated otherwise.
• Diaminosulphonate NH 2 -CH 2 CH 2 -NH-CH 2 CH 2 -SO 3 Na (45% in water)
• Desmophen ® C2200 polycarbonate polyol, OH number 56 mg KOH / g, number average molecular weight 2000 g / mol (Bayer MaterialScience AG, Leverkusen, DE)
• PolyTHF ® 2000 Polytetramethylenglykolpolyol, OH number 56 mg KOH / g, number average molecular weight 2000 g / mol (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, DE)
• PolyTHF ® 1000 Polytetramethylenglykolpolyol, OH number 112 mg KOH / g, number-average number average molecular weight 1000 g / mol (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, DE)
• Polyether LB 25 (monofunctional polyether based on ethylene oxide / propylene oxide based number-average molecular weight 2250 g / mol, OH number 25 mg KOH / g (Bayer MaterialScience AG, Leverkusen, DE)
• Aristoflex AVL Dispersion of a sulfonic acid and emulsifier in caprylic / capric acid triglyceride (Clariant, Muttenz, Switzerland)
• Loxanol K12P sodium lauryl sulphate (Cognis, Dusseldorf, DE)
• the finished Prepoly- mer was dissolved with 4850 g of acetone at 50 0 C and then a solution of 1.8 g 25.1 g E thylendiamin, 61.7 g diaminosulphonate, 116.5 g of isophoronediamine and 1030 g of water within 10 min.
• the stirring time was 10 min. Thereafter, it was dispersed by adding 1061 g of water. This was followed by removal of the solvent by distillation in vacuo and a storage-stable dispersion having a solids content of 60% was obtained.
• FIG. 1 shows that, regardless of the layer thickness, it was possible to observe constant weight of the foams to be dried after 30 minutes. The case occurred weight loss compared to the wet foam material corresponded to the expected value due to the water contained.

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• 2007
  • 2007-10-19 EP EP07020541A patent/EP2015014A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
  • 2008-07-01 BR BRPI0814621-7A patent/BRPI0814621A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2008-07-01 KR KR1020107000439A patent/KR20100032887A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-07-01 RU RU2010104471/06A patent/RU2010104471A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-07-01 CA CA2693508A patent/CA2693508A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-07-01 EP EP08759363A patent/EP2176612A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-07-01 WO PCT/EP2008/005350 patent/WO2009007037A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2008-07-01 JP JP2010515383A patent/JP2010532798A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-07-01 CN CN200880023979A patent/CN101730827A/zh active Pending
  • 2008-07-10 US US12/170,820 patent/US20090018224A1/en not_active Abandoned
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