WO2009006180A1 - Liquide de direction assistée - Google Patents

Liquide de direction assistée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009006180A1
WO2009006180A1 PCT/US2008/068282 US2008068282W WO2009006180A1 WO 2009006180 A1 WO2009006180 A1 WO 2009006180A1 US 2008068282 W US2008068282 W US 2008068282W WO 2009006180 A1 WO2009006180 A1 WO 2009006180A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base oil
power steering
steering fluid
molecules
viscosity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/068282
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John M. Rosenbaum
Marc De Weerdt
Original Assignee
Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chevron U.S.A. Inc. filed Critical Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
Priority to CA2691268A priority Critical patent/CA2691268A1/fr
Priority to CN200880100865A priority patent/CN101784647A/zh
Priority to BRPI0813418-9A2A priority patent/BRPI0813418A2/pt
Priority to EP08771991A priority patent/EP2162520A1/fr
Priority to JP2010515102A priority patent/JP2010531921A/ja
Publication of WO2009006180A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009006180A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/02—Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
    • C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/74—Noack Volatility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions

Definitions

  • Power steering fluids are an integral part of all power steering systems. Power steering fluid is used in about 80 to 90% of all vehicles in North America and Japan, as well as increasing numbers of vehicles in other parts of the world. Original Equipment Manufacturers have stringent specifications for power steering fluids. Requirements include high oxidation stability, high viscosity index, and compatibility with seals and hoses, In the past, power steering fluids used blends of naphthenic and solvent neutral base oils. Newer power steering fluids have been formulated with blends of naphthenic, solvent neutral, and hydrocracked base stocks. The hydrocracked base oils used in power steering fluids have had saturates contents of about 90 to about 99 mass %. Power steering fluids with improved viscosity index and lower Brooktield viscosity are needed.
  • a power steering ⁇ imd comprising greater than 50 weight
  • % base oil and viscosity index improver and having a viscosity index of greater than 2% and a Brookfield Viscosity at. -40 0 C of less than 1900 mPa-s,
  • the base oil has consecutive numbers of carbon atoms and has a viscosity index greater than a viscosity index calculated by the following equation;
  • a process for producing a power steering fluid comprising greater than 50 weight % base oil and having a viscosity index of greater than 290 and a BrookOeld Viscosity at -4O 0 C of less than 1900 raPa-s, the process comprising obtaining a base oil and blending the base oil with viscosity index improver to form the power steering fluid.
  • the base oil has consecutive numbers of carbon atoms: a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C of kss than about 4 mm VU; and a Noack volatility less than a Noack Volatility Factor calculated by the following equation:
  • FIG. 1 is a graph of the Viscosity Index Factor calculated by the following equ ati on:
  • Viscosity hidex Factor :::' 28 x In(Ki siematic Viscosity at lOU'-Q + 10! . (1 ⁇
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of the Noaek Volatility Factor calculated by the fol lowing equations
  • Noack Volatility Factor :: 160 - 40(Kinematic Viscosity at 100' ' 'C); ( . 2)
  • Noack Volatility Factor Noack Volatility Factor :;; (90C) x (Kinematic Viscosity at I ⁇ O f -'C) *2 s ) - 1.5.
  • the base oil of the power steering fluid has a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C between about 1 .2 mr ⁇ ⁇ /s and leas than about 4.0 mnr/s. a high viscosity index, low Cold Cranking Simulator (CCS) viscosity (less than 1500 mPa-s at -35X), and in an embodiment, cycioparaffm composition of greater than 5 weight % total molecules with cycloparaffmic functionality, and a ratio of molecules with monocycSoparaffmic functionality to molecules with rmilticyetoparaf ⁇ mic functionality of greater than 2.1 , such as greater than 5. greater than 10, greater than 15, or greater than 20.
  • CCS Cold Cranking Simulator
  • Poiyalphaolefin (PAO) oils are an oligomerization product of even carbon numbered linear alpha olefins, typically 1-dece ⁇ e,
  • the PAO oil molecules therefore., comprise a mixture of even carbon numbered hydrocarbon molecules, differing from each other in the .number of carbon atoms, by multiple* of the number of carbon atoms in the linear alpha olefin starting monomer.
  • the phrase "consecutive numbers of carbon atoms'' means that the base oii has a distribution of hydrocarbon molecules over a range of carbon numbers, with every number of carbon numbers in-between.
  • the base oil may have hydrocarbon molecules ranging from C 22 to Cj 6 or from € 3 0 to C «o with every carbon number in-between.
  • the hydrocarbon molecules of die base oil of the power steering fluid differ from each other by consecutive numbers of carbon atoms, as a consequence of the waxy feed also having sequential numbers of carbon atoms.
  • the source of carbon atoms is CO and the hydrocarbon molecules are built op one carbon atom at a time.
  • Petroleum-derived waxy feeds also have sequential numbers of carbon numbers, in contrast to an oil baaed on PAO, the molecules of the base oil of the power steering fluid disclosed herein have a more linear structure, comprising a relatively long backbone with short branches.
  • the classic textbook description of a PAO is a star-shaped molecule, and in particular tridecane, which is illustrated as three decan ⁇ molecules attached at a centra! point While a star-shaped molecule is theoretical, nevertheless PAO molecules have fewer and longer branches than the hydrocarbon molecules that make up the base oil of the power steering fluid fOOlOJ
  • the base oil of the power steering fluid comprises consecutive numbers of carbon atoms.
  • the power steering fluid comprises greater than 50 weight % base oil; and viscosity index improver in an amount less than 13 weight %, or less than 12 weight %.
  • the power steering fluid comprises between 0 and less than about 1.0 weight % pour point depressant.
  • the power steering fluid has a Brookiieid Viscosity at -40 0 C of less than 1900 mPa-s.
  • the power steering fluid in an embodiment, comprises a detergent-inhibitor additive package, tor example, 2 to 6 weight % or 5 weight % detergent- inhibitor additive package. f ⁇ Ol 1 J l ⁇ an embodiment, the power steering fluids (e g.
  • power steering fluids used in automotive power steering systems or are suitable for power steering fluid service fill replacement.
  • power steering fluid specifications are; Daimler/Chrysler MS593 LF, DamiierChrysIer MS 1872, Ford M2C138-C.L Ford M2C33-F, Ford ESW-M2C12S-C & D, GM 998501Q 5 Navistar TMS 68! ( X and Volkswagen TL-VW-S70-26.
  • power steering fluid part numbers are: Aeura/Tlonda Part Number 08206-9002 PE. Audi Part Number O002000, Mercedes Benz Part Number 00 989 8803, Saab Part Number 30 09 800, and Subaru Part Number K0Z09A0080.
  • Fischer- Tropsch derived base oils contain greater than 95 weight % or greater than 99.0 weigh! %, or greater than 99.5 weight % saturates, which in addition distinguishes them from most hydrocracked base oils used previously m power steering fluids. Because of their good properties, Fischer- Tropsch derived base oils with viscosities between about 1.2 and about 4.0 mnf/s at I Q(PC can be blended into powei steering fluids.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils have inherently good lubricant characteristics, due to their content of molecules with cycloparaffiriic functionality, and therefore have natural lubricity, wear resistance, solvency and seal compatibility. Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils also are fully compatible with naphthe ⁇ ic and solvent neutral base oils, and when combined with oilier types of base oils make a base oil blend that is further enhanced in the aforementioned lubricant characteristics, especially, in their compatibility with the elastomers in the seals and hoses of power steering systems,
  • ⁇ V ⁇ J.1 have the following meanings unless otherwise indicated.
  • the term “Fiseher-Tr ⁇ psch derived” means that the product, fraction, or feed originates liom or is produced at some stage by a Fischer-Tropseh process. [00 ⁇ 5J
  • the term “petroleum derived” means that the product., fraction, or feed originates from the vapor overhead streams from distilling petroleum crude and the residual fuels that are the non-vaporizable remaining portion.
  • a source of the petroleum derived product, fraction, or feed can be from a gas field eo.nde.rj sate.
  • Highly paraffinie wax means a wax .having a high content oi ' n- paraffi ⁇ s, generally greater than 40 weight %, but can be greater than 50 weight %, or even greater than 75 weight %.
  • the his>hiv paraffinie waxes also have very low levels of nitrogen and sulfur, generally less than 25 ppm total combined nitrogen and suiter, for example, less than 20 ppm.
  • highly paraffime waxes examples include slack waxes, deoiled slack waxes, refined foots oils, waxy lubricant raf ⁇ oat ⁇ s, n-paraff ⁇ n waxes, NAO waxes, waxes produced in chemical plant processes, deoiled petroleum derived waxes, microcrystalline waxes, Fischer- Trop.sch waxes, and mixtures thereof.
  • the pour points of the highly paraffime waxes are greater than SO 0 C or greater than 6O 0 C.
  • the term "derived from highly paraffinie wax” means that the product, fraction, or feed originates iro ⁇ i or is produced at some stage by from a highly paraffin! c wax.
  • any hydrocarbonaceous compounds thai contain at least one group of atoms that share an uninterrupted cloud of deioeaHzed electrons, where the number of deioca ⁇ zed electrons in the group of atoms corresponds to a solution to the Hneke! rule of 4a 4- 2 ⁇ e.g.. n ::: 1 for 6 electrons, etc.).
  • Representative examples include., hut are not limited to, benzene, hiphenyl. naphthalene, and the like.
  • Molecules with cycloparaffmic functionality mean any molecule that is, or contains as one or more substituents, a monocyclic or a fused muhieydie saturated hydrocarbon, group.
  • the cyeloparaffinic group can be optionally substituted with one or more, such as one to three, substiuients.
  • Representative examples include, but are no* limited to, cycl.opropyi, cydobutyL cyelohexyL. cycjope ⁇ tyl.
  • Molecules with nionocycloparafluiic functionality mean any molecule that is a monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group of three to seven ring carbons or any molecule that is substituted with a single monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group of three to seven ring carbons.
  • the cycloparaffhsic group CUB be optionally substituted with one or more, such as one to three, subsiituents.
  • Molecules with mnlticydoparai ' fniic functionality mean any molecule that is a fused m ⁇ lticyclic saturated hydrocarbon ring group of two or more fused rinasL anv rnolecule that is substituted with one or more fused multicvdk saturated hydrocarbon ring groups of two ⁇ i more fused rings, or any i ⁇ olecide that is substituted with more than one monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group of three to seven ring carbons.
  • the fused nuslticyclie saturated hydrocarbon ring group often is of two fused rings.
  • the cycbparafftnic group can be optionally substituted with one or more, such as one to three, substituents.
  • Representative examples include, but are not limited to, decahydronaphthalen ⁇ , octahydyopeutaiene s 3.7,10- iricyciohexylpentadeeane, decahydro-l-(p ⁇ utadec;in-6-yl ⁇ naphtlialer ⁇ e, ai ⁇ d the like.
  • Kinematic viscosity is a measurement of the resistance to flow of a fluid under gravity. Maisy base oils, power steering fluids made from them, and the correct operation of equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the fluid being used. Kinematic viscosity is determined by ASTM D445-06.
  • Piscber-Tropsc.h derived base oil has a kinematic viscosity of between about 1 .. '• mnr/s and about 4.0 mrrr/s at 100 0 C.
  • base oil derived from highly paraffu ⁇ c wax has a kinematic viscosity of between about 1.5 raaf/s and about 3.5 rnmV ' s
  • base oil derived from high paraffmk wax has a kinematic viscosity of between about 2.0 rnnrVs and about 3.5 innf/s at HK) 0 C
  • base oil derived from highly paralTiiiic wax has a kinematic viscosity of between about 2.0 nmvV's and about 3.0 r ⁇ vVs at 1OC) 0 C
  • Viscosity index (VI) is an empirical, unitk-ss number .indicating the effect of temperature change on the kinematic viscosity of the oil. Viscosity index is determined by ASTM D2270-04. in an embodiment, base oil derived from highly paraffinic wax has a viscosity index of greater than 10 L In an embodiment, base oi 1 derived from highly paraffmic wax has a viscosity index of between about 105 and about 160.
  • Viscosity Index Factor of base oil derived from highly paraffinic. wax is an empirical number derived from kinematic viscosity of the base oil.
  • the Viscosity Index Factor is calculated by the following equation:
  • Viscosity Index Factor ⁇ 28 x ln(Kinematk Viscosity at HJO 0 C) + 101 ( 1 ) wherein "In” is the logarithm function to the base f V.
  • Base oil derived from highly paraffinic wax can have a viscosity index greater than the Viscosity Index Factor.
  • F(G. 1 is a graph of the Viscosity Index Factor according to the above equation.
  • Earlier base oils derived from high] ⁇ - paraffinic wax having high viscosity indexes derived from kinematic viscosity of the base oil such as those taught in U.S. Patent No. 7,083,713, are also usefhl m power steering fluids.
  • the base oils useful in the compositions of the power steering fluid disclosed herein have viscosity indexes that are higher than the viscosity indexes of those taught in U.S. Patent No. 7,083,713.
  • the higher viscosity index of the base oil (Viscosity index Factor) of the power steering fluid disclosed herein contributes to the improved properties (high viscosity index and low Brookfieki Viscosity) of the power steering fluid.
  • pour poh.n is a measurement of the temperature at which a sample of base oil will begin to flow under carefully controlled conditions, Pour point can be determined as described in ASTM D5950-02. The results are reported in degrees Celsius. Many commercial base oils have specifications for poor point. When base oils have low pour points- the base oils are also likely to have other good low temperature properties, such as low cloud point, low cold filter plugging point, and low temperature cranking viscosity
  • Procedure B A more convenient method for calculating Noaek volatility and one which correlates well with ASTM D58G0-Q5 is by using a the ⁇ no gravimetric analyzer (TGA) test by ASTM D6375-05,
  • base oil derived from highly paraffmie wax has a Noack volatility of less than 100 weight %, Noack volatility of base oils generally increases as the kinematic viscosity decreases. The lower the Noack volatility, the lower the tendency of base oil and formulated oils to volatilize in service.
  • the "Noack Volatility Factor" of base oil is an empirical number derived from the kinematic viscosity of the base oil
  • the Noack volatility of the base oil derived from highly par ⁇ ffkdc wax is veiy low. and in an embodiment, is less than m ⁇ amount calculated by the equation:
  • Noack Volatility Factor :: 160 ⁇ 40(Kinematic Viscosity at I DO 0 C), (2s
  • Equation (2) provides Noack Volatility Factors between 0 and 100 for kinematic viscosities between 1.5 and 4.0 mm'V ⁇
  • FKl 2 is a graph of ihe Noack Volatility Factor according to Equation (2).
  • the Noack volatility of the base oil derived from highly paraffmie wax is less than an amount calculated by the equation:
  • Noack Volatility Factor ::: (900 x (Kinematic Viscosity ai 10O 0 Cp ⁇ ) ⁇ - 15.
  • Equation (3) provides Noack Volatility Factors between 0 and 100 for kinematic viscosities between 2.09 and 4,3 ⁇ M ⁇ /S, FIG, 2 also includes the Noack Volatility .Factor according to Equation (J). For kinematic viscosities in the range of 2,4 to 3.8 mnfVs, Equation (3) provides a lower Noack Volatility Factor than does Equation (2).
  • the aniline point temperature which is the lowest temperature (T or "C) at which equal volumes of aniline (C 6 HjNH 2 ) and the oil form a single phase.
  • the aniline point is determined by ASTM D6U-04.
  • the base oil of the power steering fluid derived from highly paraffioie wax, have an aniline point greater than 36 x in( Kinematic Viscosity at 100 0 C) ⁇ 200. Accordingly, base oil derived from highly paraffin ie wax exhibits good elastomer compatibility, and performs well with the seals and hoses in power steering systems.
  • the highly para ⁇ nic was. used in making the base oi 1 of the power steering fluid can be any wax having a high content of n-paraffios and having consecutive numbers of carbon atoms.
  • the highly paraffmie wax comprises greater than 40 weight % ⁇ -paraffuis, such as greater than 50 weigh!. %, or greater than 75 weight %.
  • the highly paraffmie waxes also have very low levels of nitrogen and sulfur, generally less ihan 25 ppm total combined nitrogen and sulfur, for example less than 20 ppm.
  • highly paraffinic waxes examples include slack waxes, deoiled slack wax.es, refined ibois oils, waxy lubricant ralllnates, n- paraffm waxes, NAO waxes, waxes produced in chemical plant processes, deoiled petroleum derived waxes, microcrystal ⁇ ne waxes, Fischer-Tropseh waxes, and mixtures thereof,
  • the pour points of the highly pa ⁇ iffink waxes are greater than 50 ⁇ J C or greater than 60"(I
  • the highly paraffimc wax is a Fischer-Tropsch derived wax and provides a Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil.
  • the Fischer- 1 ropsch synthesis products can be obtained by well- known processes such as, for example., the commercial SASOI.* ' Slurry Phase Fischer-Tropsch technology, the commercial SFiELL* Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) Process, or by the Bon-eommerciai EXXON '?: Advanced Gas Conversion ( AOC-21 ) process, Details of these processes and others art: described in, for example, EP-A ⁇ 776959, I?:P-A-668342, EP-B- 450860; U.S. Patent Nos. 4,943.672. 5i)S9,299, 5,348,982, S S 733,839 and RE39073; U.S. Application Publication No.
  • ' ITie FLscher- ' ⁇ ' ropsch syntliesis product usually comprises hydrocarbons having 1 to 100, or even more than 100 carbon atoms, and typically includes paraffins, oieilns and oxygenated products.
  • the slurry Fischer-Tropsch process utilizes superior heat (and mass) transfer characteristics for the strongly exothermic synthesis reaction and is able to produce relatively high molecular weight, paraflhiic hydrocarbons when using a cobalt catalyst.
  • Fischer-Tropsch catalysts are known to provide relatively high chain growth probabilities, and the reaction products include a relatively low proportion of low molecular ⁇ C?,x) weight olefins aad a relatively high proportion of high molecular weight (Cso--) waxes.
  • Such catalysis are well known to those of skill in the art and can be readily obtained ami/or prepared.
  • the product from a Pischcr-Tr ⁇ psch process contains predominantly paraffins
  • the products from Fischer-Tropsch reactions generally include a light reaction product and a waxy reaction product.
  • the waxy reaction product i.e., the waxy fraction
  • hydrocarbons boiling above about 600 0 F e.g., vacuum, gas oil through heavy paraffins
  • the waxy reaction product generally comprises greater than 70 weight % normal paiaffim, and often greater than 80 weight % normal paraffins, ft is the waxy reaction product ⁇ i.e., the waxy fraction) that is used as a feedstock to the process for providing Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil in power steering fluids.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch base oil of the power steering fluid can be prepared .from the waxy fractions of the Fischer. -Tropsch syncrude by a process including hydroisomerization. !.n an embodiment, the Fischer- Tr ⁇ pseh base oils are made by a process as described in U -S, Patent Application Publication Nos, 2005/0133409 Al and 2006/028933? Al.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch base oil of the power steering fluid is often manufactured at a site different from the site at which the components of the power steering fluids are received and blended.
  • the base oil of the power steering fluid is made by a process comprising providing a highly parafiloie wax and then hydroisomerizing the highly paraffinie wax to provide the base oil.
  • the highly paraffhiie wax is hydroisomerized using a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve comprising a noble metal hydrogenation component under conditions of about 600' '1 F to ?50*F.
  • the highly paraffinic wax is a f ischer-Tropsch derived wax and ptovide.s a Fiseher-Tropsch derived base oil, Fischer- 1 ropsdi derived base oil can be made by a Fischer- Tropseh synthesis process followed by hydroisome ⁇ zafion of the waxy fractions of the Fischer-Tropsch. synemde,
  • The highly paraffmk; waxes are subjected to a process comprising hydroisomer ⁇ Kation to provide the base oil of ihe power steering tUikl. Hydroisornerization is intended to improve the cold flow properties of the base oil by the selective addition of branching into the molecular structure.
  • Rydroisomerizadon ideally will achieve high eon version, levels of the highly paratfmjc wax to non-waxy iso-paraffins while at the same time rninir ⁇ mng the conversion by cracking.
  • the conditions for hydrois ⁇ merization are controlled such that the conversion of the compounds boiling, above about 700 0 F in the waxy feed to compounds boiling below about 700 "5 F is maintained between about 10 and 50 weight %, for example between 15 and 45 weight %,
  • Hydroisomerizaliors is conducted using a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve.
  • the hydroisomerizarkm catalysts used comprise a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve and optionally a cataiytically active metal hydrogenation component on u refractory oxide support.
  • intermediate pore size means an effective pore aperture in the range of from about 3.9 to about 7.1 A when the porous inorganic oxide is in the calcined form.
  • shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieves used are generally 1-D 10-, 1 1 ⁇ or 12-ring molecular sieves.
  • the molecular sieves are of the 1-D i ⁇ - ⁇ ng variety, where 10* (or I S -or 12- ⁇ ring molecular sieves have 10 for 1 1 or 12) tetrahedrally-coordinated atoms (T-atoms) joined by oxygens, in the i-0 molecular sieve, the 10-ring (or larger) pores are parallel with each other, and do not interconnect.
  • T-atoms tetrahedrally-coordinated atoms
  • 1 -D lO-ring molecular sieves which meet the broader definition of the intermediate pore size molecular sieve bin include intersecting pores having 8-membered rings can also be encompassed within the definition of molecular sieve.
  • an intermediate pore size molecular sieve is characterized by selected crystallographic free diameters of the channels, selected crystallite size (corresponding to selected channel length K and selected acidity.
  • Desirable crystallographic free diameters of the channels of the molecular sieves are in the range offro.ro about 3.9 to about 7.1 A, having a maximum crystal lographic free diameter of not more than 7,1 and a minimum erystallographk free diameter of not less than 3.9 A.
  • the maximum crystal lographic free diameter i ⁇ not more than 7.1 and the minimum crystailographic free diameter is not less than 4,0 A.
  • the maximum, erystallograpliic free diameter is not more than 6.5 and the minimum crystailographic free diameter is not less than 4.0 A.
  • 5,282,958 such an intermediate pore size molecular sieve lias a crystallite size of no more than about 0.5 microns and pores with a minimum diameter of at least about 4.8 A and with a maximum diameter o ⁇ about 7.1 A.
  • the catalyst has sufficient acidity so that 0,5 grams thereof when positioned in a tube reactor converts at least 50% of hexa ⁇ eane as. 370 0 C, a pressure of 1200 psig, a hydrogen flow of 160 rnlZmin, and a feed rate of 1 mi/hr.
  • the catalyst also exhibits is ⁇ metization selectivity of 40 percent or greater (isonierizatioo selectivity is determined as follows; 100 x (weight % branched C ⁇ , i ⁇ product) / (weight % branched Cj*, in product ⁇ ! ⁇ weight % Cp. in product) when used under conditions leading to 96% conversion of normal hexadecane (n-Cu;) to other species.
  • the molecular sieve can further be characterized by pores or channels having a. crystal iographie free diameter in the range of from about 4,0 to about 7.1 A, for example, in the range of 4.0 to 6,5 A.
  • the crystaliograp.hic free diameters of the channels of molecular sieves are published in the " ⁇ tlas of Zeolite Framework Types", Fifth Revised Edition, 2001 , by CIi. Baerlocher, W. ML Meier, and DJ-f Olson, Elsevier, pp 10-15, [0046J If the erysta ⁇ lographic free diameters of the.
  • the effective pore size of the molecular sieve can be measured using standard adsorption techniques and hydrocarbonaceous compounds of known minimum kinetic diameters. See Breck, Zeolite Molecular Sieves. 1974 (especially Chapter 8); Anderson et at J. Catalysis 58» 1 14 (1979); and ⁇ .S, Patent No. 4,440,871 . In performing adsorption measurements to determine pore size, standard techniques are used. It is convenient to consider a particular molecule as excluded if does not reach at least 95% of its equilibrium adsorption value on the molecular sieve in less than about 10 minutes CpZp 0 ::: (KS at 25 0 C). Intermediate pore size molecular sieves will typically admit, molecules having kinetic diameters of ,13 to 6,5 A wills, little hindrance,
  • (0047J Hydroisome ⁇ zaticn catalysts often comprise a eatalytically active hydrogenatioi) metal.
  • a caialyticaUy active hydrogenation metal leads to product improvement, especially viscosity index and stability.
  • Typical eatalytically active .hydrogmation metals include chromium, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, cobalt, tungsten, zinc, platinum, and palladium.
  • the eaUiJyticaUy active hydrogen metals are selected from plairaum, palladium, and
  • the total amount of active hyd.rogenation metal is typically in ihe range of U.I to 5 weight percent of the total catalyst usually from 0.1 to 2 weight percent, and not to exceed 10 weight percent.
  • 0048j The refractory oxide support cars be selected from, those oxide supports, which are conventionally used for catalysts, including silica, a ⁇ u ⁇ rau silica-alumina, magnesia, litaula and combinations thereof, (01)49]
  • the conditions for hydroisorrseroation will be tailored to achieve a base oil comprising greater than 5 weight. % molecules with cydoparafilnic functionality.
  • the conditions provide a base oil comprising a ratio of weight percent of molecules with morioeycloparaffimc functionality of weight percent of molecules with m ⁇ lticyci ⁇ paraffmic functionality of greater than 5, such as greater than 10, greater than 15, or greater than 20.
  • the conditions for Iiydroisomerizaiion will depend on the properties of feed used, the catalyst used, whether or not the catalyst is sulf ⁇ ded, the desired yield, and the desired properties of the base oil.
  • Conditions under which ihe hydroisoraenxation process can be carried out include temperatures from about DOCF ' F to about ' /75'T (26(FC to about 415°C ⁇ such as 600 0 F to about 750T ⁇ 3 i 5 0 C io about 399 0 C), or 600 c F TO about 70CfF (3 l5°C to about 371"C); arid pressures from about 15 to 3000 psig, such as 100 to 2500 psig.
  • the hydroisomerizadon pressures in this context refer to the hydrogen partial pressure within the hydrotsor ⁇ erization reactor, although the hydrogen partial pressure is substantially the same (or nearly the same) as the total pressure.
  • the liquid hourly space velocity during contacting is generally from about 0,1 to 20 hx ' ⁇ : for example, from about 0.1 to about 5 h/ ! .
  • the hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio falls within a range from about 1 0 to about 50 moles H ? per mole hydrocarbon, for example, from about 10 to about 20 moles H> per mole hydrocarbon.
  • Suitable corsdiuons for performing hydroisonierization are described in U.S. Patent Nos 5,282.958 and 5, 135.638.
  • JOOS(Jj Hydrogen is present in the reaction zone during the hydroisomerizatiori process, typically in a hydrogen to feed ratio from about 0.5 io 30 MSCP/bbi thousand standard cubic feet per barrel), such as from about 1 to about 10 MSCF/bbl.
  • the hydrogen to feed, ratio is from about 712.4 to about 3562 liter H?/Iiter oil (about 4 to about 20 MSCF/bbl , ⁇ Hydrogen will sometimes be separated from the product and recycled to the reaction zone.
  • Hydro finishing is a hydrotreaiing process that will often be used as a step following hydroisoraerizatio ⁇ . to provide base oil derived from highly paraffirue wax.
  • RydroSnishing is intended to improve oxidation stability, UV stability, and appearance of base oil by removing traces of aromatics, olefins, color bodies, and solvents.
  • UV stability refers to the stability of base oil or power steering fluids when, exposed to UV light and oxygen, instability is indicated when a visible precipitate forms, usually seen, as Doc or cloudiness, or a darker color develops upon, exposure to ultraviolet, light and air.
  • a general description of bydrofmishmg can be found m U.S. Patent Nos. 3,852,20? and 4,673,487.
  • Clay treating to remove impurities is an alternative final process step to provide base oil derived irom highly paraffinic wax.
  • the process to provide the light base oil derived from highly paraftinic wax cm include fractionating the highly paraffi ⁇ ic waxy feed prior to Uydroisomcrisation, or fractionating of base- oil obtained from the hydroisoraerization process.
  • the fractionation of the highly paraffinie waxy feed or the isomerized base oil into fractions is generally accomplished by either atmospheric or vacuum distillation, or by a com.bi.na don of atmospheric and vacuum distillation.
  • Atmospheric distillation is typically used to separate the lighter distillate fractions, such as naphtha and middle distillates, from a bottoms fraction having an initial boiling point above about 6OG 41 F to about 750"F (about 315° € to about 399*CX
  • Vacuum distillation is typically used to separate the higher boiling material.
  • base oil into different bo.ili.ng range cuts. Fractionating base oil into different boiling range cuts enables base oil manufacturing plant to produce more than one grade, or viscosity, of base oil.
  • the process to make base oil derived from highly paraffinic wax will sometimes also includes a solvent dewaxing step either before or following the hydroisomerization process.
  • Solvent dewaxing optionally can be used to remove small amounts of remaining waxy molecules from base oil after hydroisorneriza ⁇ on. Solvent dewaxing is done by dissolving base oil in a solvent, such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl iso-butyi ketone, or toluene, or precipitating the wax molecules as discussed m Chemical Technology of Petroleum, 3rd Edition, William Gruse and Donald Stevens, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.. New York. 1960, pages 566 to 570.
  • Solvent dewaxing is also described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,477,333, 3,773,650 and 3.775,288. Ba ⁇ . OJl . Derived J ⁇ orn .. Hi£My .. Faiajllnic_Wax
  • Base oil derived from highly paraffinie wax is suitable for use in power steering fluids.
  • base oil derived from highly parafi ⁇ nie wax has a vis-c ⁇ shy of between about 12 ninvvs and about 4.0 mm'/s, such as between about 1.5 and about 3.5 mm"/s at !00" 1 C, or between about 2 nir ⁇ Vs and ⁇ about 3.5 rami's at 100 0 C, or between about 2 mra'Vs and about 3.0 m ⁇ r/s at ] 00 0 C.
  • lipase oil derived from highly paraffliric wax advantageously has a low Moaek volatility.
  • base oil derived from highly paraffinic wax has a Noack volatility between 0 and 100 weight %. and less than the Noack Volatility Factor as calculated by the following equation:
  • base oil derived .from highly paraffinie wax ha ⁇ a Noack volatility of less than 100 weight %, such as less than 50 weight % or 35 weight %. Accordingly, base oil derived from highly paraffinic wax advantageously has both high viscosity index and. low volatility,
  • base oil derived from highly paraffinic was. has a viscosity index of greater than 101.
  • base oil derived from highly paraffu ⁇ c wax has a viscosity index of between about S 05 and about 160.
  • the viscosity index of base oil derived from highly paraii ⁇ ni ⁇ wax is greater than the Viscosity index Factor a.s calculated by the fol lowing equation:
  • base oil derived from highly paraffinic wax comprises a weight % of molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality of greater than the kinematic viscosity at HMFC multiplied by three.
  • the base oil of the power steering fluid comprises less than 5 weight %. such as less than 1 weight % or (ess than 0.5 weight %, of unsaturates. In an embodiment the base oil of the power steering fluid comprises greater than 5 weight % molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality.
  • the base oil of the power steering fluid comprises a ratio of weight percent of molecules with rminocyeloparaffimc functionality to weight percent of molecules with .nmlticyeloparaffir ⁇ c functionality of greater than 5. such as greater than 10, greater than 15, or greater than 20,
  • the base oil of the power steering fluid generally comprises less than 0,30 weight percent molecules with aromatic functionality, such as less than 0.1 or less than 0.05 weight percent. (IHJ59J In.
  • the base oil of the power steering .fluid comprises greater than 5 weight percent molecules with eyc ⁇ oparaffi ⁇ ic functionality.
  • the base oil of the power steering fluid comprises a ratio of weight % of molecules with monocycloparaffmic functionality to weight % of molecules with ⁇ miticycloparaffmic functionality of greater than 5, such as greater than 10, greater than. 15, or greater than 20.
  • the base oil of the power steering fluid comprises a ratio of weight percent of molecules with cycloparaffeue functionality of greater than the kinematic viscosity at. I GO 0 C multiplied by three. JO06OJ
  • the base oil of the power steering fluid comprises less than 19 alky!
  • the base oil of the power steering fluid can also have specific alky! branching placements, In an embodiment, the base oil of the power steering fluid comprises predominantly methy! branching, and the branching is such that there are 6 to 18 alkyl branches per 100 carbons; greater than 25% of the branches are 5 or more carbon atoms apart from each oilier; and less than 4014 of the branches are within 2 io 3 carbon atoms apart from each other. Examples of these types of base oils are taught in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0077208 Al.
  • Base oil containing desired levels of molecules with cyeioparafimic functionality exhibits good 3oh.sbii.ity for additives, including viscosity index improvers and lubricant additive packages, because molecules with cycioparaffmie functionality impart additive solubility.
  • the bass oil of the power steering fluid has an aniline point greater than 36 x In(Ki nomatic Viscosity at 100 0 C) + 200. Accordingly, the base oil exhibits good elastomer compatibility, and do not damage seals and hoses in power steering systems.
  • the base oil of the power steering Fluid contains greater than 95 weigh! % saturate ⁇ such as greater than 99 weight % or greater than 99.5 weight %, as determined by elation column chromatography, ASTM D2549- 02. Olefins are present in an amount less than detectable by long duration C l " Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) 1 in an embodiment, molecules with aromatic functionality are present in amounts less than 0,3 weight percent by HPLC-UV, and confirmed by ASTM D5292-99 modified to measure low level aromaties. In an embodiment, molecules with aromatic functionality are present in amounts less than 0.10 weight percent, such as less than 0,05 weight percent, or less than 0,0.1 weight percent. Sulfur is present in amounts less than 25 ppm, such as 5 ppm. or less than 1 ppm as determined by ultraviolet fluorescence by ASTM D5453- 06.
  • Base oil derived from highly parar ⁇ ime wax does not. introduce any undesirable characteristics, including, for example, high volatility, high viscosity, and impurities such as heter ⁇ aioms, to the power steering liukl
  • the base oil is a Fiseher- ⁇ ropsch derived base oil.
  • Piseher-Tropsch derived waxes are particularly well suited for providing Fischer-Tropseh derived base oil with the above-described properties .
  • the method used to measure low levels of molecules with aromatic fuDctionalnv in the base oils uses a .Hewlett Packard 1050 Series Quaternary Gradient High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system coupled with a MP HsSi) Diode- An ay UV -Vis detector interfaced Io an HP €hem-sta ⁇ on. Identification of the individual aromatic classes in the highly saturated base oils was made on the basis of their UY spectral pattern ami their elation time. The ami.no column used for this analysis differentiates aromatic molecules largely on the basis of their ri rag-number (or more correctly, double-bond number).
  • [006Sj H PLC-U V is used for identifying these classes of aromatic compounds even at very low levels.
  • Multi-ring aroraatics typically absorb 10 to 200 times more strongly than single-ring aromaties, AlkyL-substitutkm also affected absorption by about 20%. Therefore, it is important to use HS 5 LC to separate and identify the various species of aromaties and know how efficiently they absorb. J0069J Five classes of aromatic compounds were identified.
  • alkyl-cyclohexylbeiizene molecules in base oils exhibit a distinct peak absorbance at 272 arn that corresponds to the same ( ' forbidden) transition ihat uns ⁇ bstituted tetrahn model compounds do at 268 nm.
  • concentration of aik_yl-cyck>alkyl-i-ring aromaties m base oil samples was calculated by assuming that its molar absorptivity response factor at 272 nm was approximately equal to tettalin's molar absorptivity at 268 nm, calculated from Beer's law plots.
  • Weight percent concentration's of aromaties were calculated by assuming that the average molecular weight for each aromatic class was approximately equal to the average molecular weight for the whole base oil sample, [0071]
  • This calibration method was further improved by isolating the i-ri.og aromaties directly from the base oils via exhaustive HPLC chromatography. Calibrating directly with these aromaties eliminated the assumptions and uncertainties associated with the mode! compounds, As expected, the isolated aromatic sample had a lower response factor than the model compound because it was more highly substituted [00721 More specifically, to accurately calibrate the HPLC-UV method, the substituted benzene aromaties were separated from the bulk of the base oil using a Waters semi -preparative RPLC unit.
  • Ten grains of sample was diluted 1 :1 in n- h ⁇ xane and injected onto an ammo-bonded silica column, a 5 cm x 22,4 mm ID guard, followed by two 25 cm x 22.4 mm ID columns of S-- 12 micron aroino-bond ⁇ d silicas, panicles, manufactured by Raimn instruments, Emeryville, California, with ⁇ - hexane as the mobile phase at a flow rate of I8mk/.oim, Column ⁇ iuent was fractionated based on the detector response from a dual wavelength UV detector set at 2(SS nm and 295 nm.
  • Paraffins are considered more stable than cycloparaffins towards oxidation, and therefore, more desirable.
  • MonocycloparafOns are considered more stable than multicycloparaffins towards oxidation.
  • oils with these properties are Fischer- Tropsch oils with less than about 5% cyeloparaffios.
  • base oil derived from highly parafiinic wax and used as dielectric fluids, comprises a high weight percent of molecules with monoeycloparaffimc functionality and a low weight percent of molecules with rrmlticycloparaffinic functionality such that the base oil has high oxidation stability, low volatility, good miseibility with other oils, good additive solubility, and good elastomer compatibility,
  • the capillary tube was placed ai the tip of a solids probe for a mass spectrometer, aixi the probe was healed from about 4 ⁇ * € up to 500 0 C at a rate of 50" 1 C per minute, operating under vacuum at approximately I Cr 1 Ton * .
  • the mass spectrometer was scanned from rn/ ' z 40 to m/ ' z 1000 at a rate of 5 seconds pet decade. The acquired mass spectra were summed to generate one "averaged" spectrum. Each spectrum was °C corrected using a software package from PC-MassSpec,
  • the molecules with different numbers of ansatur atio ⁇ s can be comprised of cyeloparaf ⁇ his.. olefins, and aromatics. If aromatics were present in significant amounts in the base oil they would most likely be identified in the FlMS analysis as 4 ⁇ uri.satu ⁇ a lions. When olefins were present in significant amounts in the base oil they would most likely be identified in the FlMS analysis as 1- unsaturations.
  • base oil derived from highly paraffuiic wax lias a weight percent of molecules with cyeiopar&ffrnie functionality greater than 5.
  • base oil derived from highly paraffinic wax also has a high nnio of weight percent of molecules with monocycloparaffmic functional ity to weight percent of molecules with multicydop&raffimc functionality, generally greater than 5. greater than 10, greater than 15, or greater than 20.
  • base oil derived from highly paraffinic wax has a weight percent of molecules with cycioparaffinic functionality greater than the kinematic viscosity in rnnf ⁇ s multiplied by three, hi an embodiment, base oil derived from highly paraffinic wax has a kinematic viscosity at IQO 0 C between about 1.2 mirf/s and about 4,0 iiim'/s, for example between about 1.2 nmc/s and about 3.5 tam"/s, or between about 2.0 rami's and about 3,5
  • the additives for use in base oi Is Io provide power steering fluids include additives selected from ihe group consisting of viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, detergents, dispersatsts, fkitdmng agents, friction modifiers, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, antioxidants, detergents, seal swell agents, antiwear additives, extreme pressure (EP) agents, thickeners, friction modifiers, colorants, dyes, color stabilizers, ami foam agents, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, seal swell agents, metal deactivators, deodorizers, de.mulsi.Oets > anti- squeal agents, and mixtures thereof.
  • additives selected from ihe group consisting of viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, detergents, dispersatsts, fkitdmng agents, friction modifiers, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, antioxidants, detergents, seal swell agents, antiwear additives, extreme pressure (EP
  • the additives can be in the form of a lubricant additive package, which comprises several additives to provide a power steering fluid with desirable properties.
  • Lubricant additive packages for use in base oils to provide power steering fluids include lubricant additive packages selected from the group consisting of viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, detergent-inhibitor (Dl) additive packages, and mixtures thereof ⁇ ⁇ Yi ⁇ osi 1 y ⁇ jlldex improvers
  • Viscosity index improvers modify the vLscometrie characteristics of luhrieants by reducing the rate of thinning with increasing temperature and the rate of thickening with low temperatures. Viscosity index improvers thereby provide enhanced performance at low and high temperatures. Io many applications, viscosity index improvers are used in combination with detergent -inhibitor additive packages to provide a. power steering fluid,
  • the viscosity index improvers can be selected from the- group consisting of olefin copolymers, co-polymers of ethylene and propylene, poiyalkylaerylates., potyalkylmethacryiafes, styrene esters, poiyisobutylene.
  • hydrogenated styrerse-Lsoprene copolymers star polymers, including those having tetrabiock copolymer arms of hydrogenated pojyisoprene-poiybuiadiene- poiyisoprene with a block of polystyrene, or hydrogenated asymmetric radial polymers having molecules with a core composed of the remnant of a tetravaknt silicon coupling agent, a plurality of rubbery arms comprising polymerized d ⁇ ene units and a block copolymer arm having at least one polymerized di ⁇ n ⁇ block and a polymerized monov ⁇ ny ⁇ aromatic compound block, hydroge ⁇ ated styren ⁇ - buiadienes, arsd mixtures thereof.
  • the viscosity index improver is an ethyie ⁇ e/a -olefin interpolymer as described in WO 2006/102146 A2 > wherein the ethyleue/a ⁇ oiefm interpolymer is a block copolymer having at least a hard block and at least a soft block.
  • the soft block comprises a higher amount of comon.oin.ers $ha ⁇ the hard block
  • the viscosity index .improver is an acrylic acid ester polymer comprising a copolymer derived from a first acrylic acid ester monomer having from about 1 io about 4 carbon atoms, a second acrylic acid ester monomer having from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms, and a third acrylic acid ester monomer having from about 16 to about 20 carbon atoms, as described ⁇ U S. Patent Application Publication No, 2006/0252660 AL wherein the copolymer has weight average molecular weight of 20.OCO-I OO 5 OOO daitons and contains 1 weight % or less of u.nreacted monomer.
  • pour point depressants used in power steering fluids modify the wax crystal morphology such as to reduce interlocking of the wax crystals with consequent viscosity increase or geitechnische.
  • pour point depressants are alkylated naphthalene and phenolic polymers, polymethacrylaies, alkylated bicyclic aromatics.
  • mafeate/fumarate copolymer esters methacry late-vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers, styrene esters, polyf ⁇ merates, vinyl aeetat ⁇ -furaarale co-polymers, dialkyl esters of ' phthaiate acid, ethylene vinyl acetate e ⁇ rnpoiyers f and other m ⁇ ed hydrocarbon polymers from commercial additive suppliers such as UJ BRIZOL 5 the ETHYL Corporation, or ROMMAX, a Division of Degussa. ffi- Piiyii ⁇ >i?>l . BMudl]£ . B . klA4 iloraponent
  • pour point reducing blend component refers to an isome.rized waxy product with relatively high molecular weights and a specified degree of alky I branching in the molecule, such that it reduces the pour point of lubricating base oil blends containing it Examples of a pour point reducing blend component are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos, 6,350,577 and 7.053.254,. and U.S. Patent. Application Publication No.
  • a pour point reducing blend component can be: I t an isor ⁇ erized Fischer- ' i ropsch derived bottoms product; 2) a bottoms product prepared from an isomerued highly waxy mineral oil, or 3) an isomerized oil having a. kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C of at least about S mnvVs made from polyethylene plastic,
  • the pour point reducing blend component is an isonierized Fischer-Tropsch derived vacuum distillation bottoms product having an average molecular weight, between 600 and 1 100 and an average degree of branching in the molecules between 6,5 and 10 alkyi branches per 100 carbon atoms.
  • the higher molecular weight, hydrocarbons are more effective as poor point reducing blend components than the lower molecular weight hydrocarbons.
  • a higher cut point in a vacuum distillation unit which results in a higher boiling bottoms material is used to prepare the pour point reducing blend component,
  • the higher cut point also has the advantage of resulting in a higher yield of the distillate base oil fractions,
  • the pour point reducing blend component is an isoraenzed .Hseher-Tropsch derived vacuum uisrillation bottoms product having a pour point that is at least 3*C higher than the pour point of the distillate base oil it is blended with.
  • the 10 percent poini of the boiling range of the pour point reducing blend component that is a vacuum distillation bottoms product is between about 850-1050'"'F (454-565 0 C).
  • the pour point reducing blend component is derived from either Fischer-Tropsch or petroleum products, having a boiling range above 950 0 F ( S I O 0 C K and contains at least 50 percent by weight of paraffins, hi yet another embodiment the pour point reducing blend component has a boiling range above 1050° F C565°C ⁇ .
  • the isomerized bottoms material is solvent dewaxed prior to being used as a pour point reducing blend component.
  • the waxy product further separated during solvent dewaxing from the pom point reducing blend component were found to display excellent improved pour point depressing properties compared to the oily product recovered after the solvent dewaxing.
  • the pour point reducing blend component is an iaomcriz ⁇ d oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C of at. least about 8 ram'/s made from polyethylene plastic.
  • the pour point reducing blend component is made -from waste plastic
  • the pour point reducing blend component is made from steps comprising pyrolysis of polyethylene plastic, separating out a heavy fraction, hydrotreati ⁇ g the heavy fraction, catalytic isomerrang the hydrotreated heavy fraction, and collecting the pour point reducing blend co.mpo.nent having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C of at least about 8 mm " /s
  • the pour point reducing blend component derived from polyethylene plastic and has ⁇ boiling range above K)SO 0 F (565 0 G')., or even has a boiling range above 12OD 0 F (640 0 C).
  • the pour point reducing blend component has an average degree of branching in. the molecules -within the range of from 6.5 to 10 aikyi branches per 100 carbon atoms, hi another embodiment, the poirr point reducing blend component has an average molecular weight between 600-1 100. (n a third embodiment it has an average molecular weight between 700- 1000, in.
  • the pour point reducing blend component has a kinematic viscosity at 100 rj C of 8-30 mm7s- with the 10% point of the boiling range of the bottoms falling between about 850-1050"F
  • the pour point reducing bien ⁇ component has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 1 5-20 ranrv's and a pour point of ⁇ 8 to ⁇ 12°C,
  • the pour point reducing blend component is an isoraenze ⁇ on having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C of at least about 8 ninrVs made from polyethylene plastic.
  • the pour point reducing bknd component is made from waste piasiie.
  • pour point reducing blond component is made from stops comprising pyrolysis of polyethylene plastic separating out a heavy fraction, ⁇ ydrotreatmg the heavy fraction, catalytic iso.rnerkd.ng the hydrotreated heavy .traction, and collecting the pour point reducing blend component having a kinematic viscosity at iOO ':' C of at least about 8 mni'/s hi a third embodiment, the pour point reducing blend component derived from polyethylene plastic has a boiling range above IUS(PP (565°C). or even a boiling range above 120(PF (649 ⁇ C).
  • Detergent-inhibitor additive packages serve to suspend oil contaminants, as well as to prevent oxidation of the power steering fluids with the resultant formation of varnish and sludge deposits.
  • the detergent-inhibitor additive package useful in power steering fluids contains one or more conventional additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, fl ⁇ idizhig agents, friction modifiers, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, antioxidants, detergents, seal swell agents, extreme pressure additives, a ⁇ tiwear additives., deodorizers, antifoarn agents, dcmulsil ⁇ erSj colorants, and color stabilizers.
  • the detergent-inhibitor additive package is present in an amount of from 2 to 2$ weight percent, based on the total weight of the power steering fluid composition.
  • Detergent-inhibitor additive packages are readily available from additive suppliers such as 1,UBRIZOL,, ETHYL., Oronite, and ⁇ NF ⁇ NEIJM A number of detergent- inhibitor additives are described i ⁇ EP 0 978 555 Al , V . Dispersants
  • Dispersarsts are used i ⁇ power steering fluids to disperse wear debris and products of lubricant degradation within the equipment being lubricated ⁇ i.e.. power steering equipment ⁇ .
  • the ashless dispersants commonly used contain a Lipophilic hydrocarbon group and a polar functional hydrophilic group.
  • the polar functional group can be of the class of c&rboxylat ⁇ , ester, amine, amide, inline. imide. hydroxy]., ether, epoxide, phosphorus, ester carboxyl, anhydride, or nkriie
  • the lipophilic group can be ⁇ hgomeric or polymeric m nature, usually from 70 to 200 carbon atoms to ensure good oil solubility.
  • Hydrocarbon polymers treated with various reagents to introduce polar functions include products prepared by treating polyolefms such as pojyisobut ⁇ rse first, with maleic anhydride, or phosphorus sulfide or chloride, or by thermal treatment, and then with reagents such as polyamine, amine, ethylene oxide, etc.
  • the ones typically used in power steering fluids include N-substitu ⁇ ed polyisobute ⁇ yl suecrnimides and succinates, alkyl rnethacryiate- vinyl pyrrolidinone copolymers, alkyl methacrylaie-dialkylaminoethyl methacrylatc copolymers, alkylmetbacryiate-polyethylene glycol methacryiate copolymers, and polysteararrsides.
  • Some oil-based dispersants that are used in power steering fluids include dispersants from the chemical classes of alkylsuccimmide, succinate esters, high molecular weight amines, and IVfannieh base and phosphoric acid derivatives.
  • Some specific examples are polyisobute ⁇ yl succirjimide-poiyetbylencpoiyaffiine, polyisobuteny! succinic ester, polyisobutenyl hydroxybenxyl-polyethykucpolyarui ⁇ e, bis-liydtoxypropyi phosphurate.
  • C ' ornmercial dispersants suitable for power steering fluid are for example, [,UBRIZOL 890 (an ashless PlB succinimide), LUBRiZOL 6420 fa high molecular weight PlB suceimniide), and KTHYL, H(THC 646 (a ram-bor ⁇ nated PIB succinimide).
  • the dispersant can be combined with other additives used in the lubricant industry to form an additive package for power steering fluid, e.g., LUBR1ZOL 9677MX. and the whole additive package can be used as the dispersing agent.
  • a surfactant or a mixture of surfactams with low HLB value (typically less than or equal to 8).
  • nordonic or a mixture of nonkmies and ionics
  • the dispersants selected should be soluble or dispersible m the ik ⁇ d medium or additive ⁇ iiuem oil.
  • the dispersant can be in a range of up from 0.01 to 30 percent and ail sub-ranges therebetween, for example m a range of from between. 0,5 percent to 20 percent, a range of .from between ) to 1 5 percent, or in a range of from between 2 to 13 percent as active ingredient in the power steering fluid.
  • Floidizing agents are sometimes used in power steering fluids.
  • Suitable iluidizing agents include oil-soluble diesters.
  • diesters include the adipates, azelates., and sehacates ⁇ f €g4-Y ? alkanois (or mixtures thereof), and the. phtliaiates of C 4 -Cn alkanois (or mixtures thereof).
  • Mixtures of two or more different types of diesters e.g., dialkyl adipates and diaikyi azelates, etc.
  • examples of such materials include the ivoctyi, 2-ethylhexyl, isodecyi, and tridecyl diesters of adipic acid.
  • esters which are used as ilaklizing agents in power steering fluids are polyol esters such as HMHRY 2918, 2.939 and 2995 esters from the EMERY Group of Eleokel Corporation and MATCOL 2926. 2970 and 2999.
  • thickeners besides viscosity index improvers, which can be used in the power steering fluid include: acrylic polymers such a? polyacrylic acid and sodium high-rao Secular- weight polymers of ethylene oxide such as Poiyox WSR from Union Carbide, cellulose compounds such as earh ⁇ xymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolido ⁇ e (PYP), xantban gums and guar gums, polysaccharides, alkanolaraides, amine salts of polyamide such as DISPARLON AQ series from King Industries, hydrophobicaiiy modified ethylene oxide urethane (e.g.
  • silicates, and fillers such as mica, silicas, cellulose, wood flour, clays (including organociays) and clays, and resin polymers such as polyvinyl butyral resins, polyuref-hane resins, acrylic resins and epoxy resins.
  • thickeners are polyis ⁇ hutyiene, high ⁇ iolecuiar weight complex ⁇ sier, butyl rubber, olefin copolymers, styrene-diene polymer, polyinethacrylate.. styr ⁇ n ⁇ -ester, ami ulira high viscosity PAO.
  • An example of a high molecular weight complex ester is Priolube* 3986.
  • an ultra high viscosity PAO can also be used in the formulation.
  • an "ultra high viscosity PAO ' ' has a kinematic viscosity between about 150 and LOOO mra'/s or higher at 100" v C. VIII , Frictj on . Modifiers
  • Friction modifiers are optionally used in power steering fluids.
  • Suitable friction modifiers include such com pounds as aliphatic amines or ethoxylated aliphatic amines, aliphatic fatty acid amides, aliphatic carboxylic acids, aliphatic carboxylic esters, aliphatic carboxylic ester-amides., aliphatic phosphonai.es, aliphatic phosphates, aliphatic thiophosphonates, aliphatic ihiophosphates, or mixtures thereof.
  • the aliphatic group typically contains at leas! about eight carbon atoms so as to render the compound, suitably oil soluble
  • aliphatic substituted succiniraid.es formed by reacting one or more aliphatic succinic acids or anhydrides with ammonia
  • One group of friction modifiers is comprised of the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substiiuted diethanol amines in which the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl- substituent is at least one straight chain aliphatic bydrocarbyi group free of acetyl eni c unsaturation and having in the range ofaboi.it 14 to about 20 carbon atoms.
  • Another group of friction modifiers is comprised of esters of fatty acids, for example C EN W AXTM TGA-185 and glycerol esters of selected fatty acids such as UNIF LEXTM 1803, both made by Arizona Chemical
  • Other fatty acids used as friction .modifiers are mono-oleates such as glycerol mono-oleate, peruaerythruo! mono-oleate. and sorbitan. mono-oleate sold under the tm ⁇ mame of RADI ASURFTM by OLEON.
  • Friction modifiers will sometimes include a combination of at least one K-aiipbauc hyd.rocarbyl-substiuued diethanoi amine ⁇ U at least one N-aliphatic h ydrocarbyl -substituted triraetbyi ⁇ ne diamine in which the N-aiiphatic hydrocarbyl- substitue ⁇ t is at least one straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl group tree of aeetv'lenk ui ⁇ saturation and having in the ranue of about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms. Further details concerning this friction modifier combination are set forth in U.S. Patent Nos, 5,372,735 ami 5,441,656.
  • Another example of a mixture of friction modifiers is based on the combination of (i) at bast one di(hydroxyalkyl) aliphatic tertiary amine in which the hydroxyalky! gxoups, being the same or different, each contain from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, and irs which the aliphatic group is an acyclic hydrocarby) group containing from about 10 to about 25 carbon atoms, and (ii) at least one hydroxyaikyl aliphatic imidazoline in which the hydroxyalkyl group contains from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, and in which the aliphatic group is an acyclic hydrocarbyl group containing from about 10 to about 25 carbon atoms.
  • Another class of friction modifiers that, is sometimes used in power steering fluids include compounds of the formula: in which Z is a group RI R.2CH-, in which R i and R2 are each independently straight- or branehed-ehain hydrocarbon groups containing from i to 34 carbon atoms and the total number of carbon atoms in the groups Rl and R2 is from i 1 to 35.
  • the radical Z is, for example, 1 - methyl pemadeeyl, 1 -propyl trideeeuyl.
  • Corrosion inhibitors are another class of additives suitable for inclusion in power steering fluids. Such compounds include thiazoies, tnazoles and thiacliazoies..
  • Examples of such compounds include benzotriazoie, tolyitriazoie, octyltrjazoie, ⁇ ecyitriazol ⁇ , dodecyltiiazole, 2 ⁇ mercapto henzothiazol ⁇ , 2,5- dimercapi53"l s 3,44hiadiazole, 2 ⁇ raercaph3--5 ⁇ hydroearbyldiio-l,3.4 ⁇ thiadu5zok-s, 2- mercapto-5- hydrocai'byidithio-l ,3v4-thiadia?.oles, 2,54>is(hydrocarbylthi ⁇ )-4 ,3,4- ⁇ thiadiazoies.
  • Corrosion inhibitors of these types that are available on the open market include Cobratec TT- 100 and HITEC* 314 additive and HFfEC* 4313 additive (ETHYL, Petroleum Additives, Inc.).
  • Rust inhibitors comprise another type of inhibitor additive. Some rust inhibitors are also corrosion inhibitors. Examples of rust inhibitors useful in power steering fluids are monocarboxylie acids and poly carboxy lie acids, Examples of suitable monocarboxylic acids are oclanoic ae ⁇ l decanoic actd and dodecanoic acid. Suitable p ⁇ iyearhoxylic acids include di.mer and trirner adds such as are produced from such acids as tail oil fatty acids, cdeie acid, lsnoleic acid, or the like. Products of this type are currently available from various commercial sources, such as.
  • rust inhibitor for use Lo power steering fluids is comprised of the alkenyl succinic acid and alkenyl succinic anhydride oo ⁇ osion inhibitors such, as, for example, tetrapropeirylsuccmie acid, tetrapropemisuceinie anhydride, teiradeeeivylsuecioie acid, tetr adeeenylsuecinic anhydride , hexadecemisuee; nic acid, hexadecenylsucclnic anhydride, and the like.
  • rust inhibitor is a msi .inhibitor comprising a solubility improver having an aniline point less than 100°C; a mixture of amine phosphates; mid an alkenyl succinic compound selected from the group consisting of an acid half ester, an anhydride, an acid, and .mixtures thereof as taught m IJ. S, Patent Application No. 11/257,900, filed on October 25, 2005.
  • Suitable rust or corrosion inhibitors include ether amines; acid phosphates; amines: poiyethoxyiated compounds such as ethoxylateci amines, ethoxylated phenols, and ethoxylated alcohols; imidazolines; amrnosuccmic acids or derivatives thereof, and She like,
  • Suitable antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants, aromatic amine antioxidants, sulfated phenolic antioxidants, hindered phenolic antioxidants, molybdenum containing compounds, zinc dialkyldltbiophosphat.es, and organic phosphites., among others. Mixtures of different types of antioxidants are often used. Examples of phenolic antioxidants include kmoi derived hindered phenols, 2.6-di- tert-butylphenoL liquid mixtures of tertiary butyiated phenols, r ⁇ ethylpheoo!
  • 4-tsopropylaminodiphenyl amine, phenyl— naphtbyl amine, phenyl-naphihyl amine, styrersated diphenylamiii ⁇ , and ⁇ ng-alkylated diphenylamines serve as examples of aromatic amine antioxidants.
  • the antioxidant is a catalytic antioxidant comprising one or more oil soluble organo metallic corapound(s) and/or orga ⁇ o metallic coordination complexes such as metal(s) or metal cation(s) having m ⁇ re than one uxiuation state above the ground state compiexed, bonded or associated with two or more anions, one or more bi ⁇ entate or tridentate ligands and/or two or more anions and ligand(s), as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0258549 A l . X! 1 ⁇ [Mergents
  • seal swell agents useful in power steering fluids are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication N ⁇ s. 2003/0 I l 9682 A l and 2007/0057226 A 1 .
  • seal swell agents are aryl esters, long chain alkyi ether, alky! esters, vegetable based esters, sebacat ⁇ esters, sulfhlanes, .substituted suifoiane. other suiibia ⁇ e derivatives, pbeniues, adipates. glyceryl iri(acet ⁇ xysteaiate), epoxidized soybean oil.
  • epoxsdized linseed oil N n -butyl benzene sulfonamide, aliphatic polyuretha ⁇ e, polycsier glutarate, triethy ⁇ ene glycol caprat.e/eapry!ate s dialkyl diester glutarat ⁇ , monora ⁇ c, polymer, and ep ⁇ xy plastickers.
  • phthalate pbustieizsrs such as dioctyl phthalate, dinonly phf.ha.late or dihexylpthaiate. or oxygen-, sulfur-, or nitiOgen-coistaining polyfunctions!
  • piasticizers which can be substituted for and/or used with the above plasticims including glycerine, polyethylene glycol, dibutyl pbthalate, and 2,2,4-trime ⁇ iiy!-] niOBOisobvstyrate, and diiso ⁇ o ⁇ yi phthalate ail o.f which are soluble in a solvent carrier.
  • Other seal swelling agents such, as LUBRJZOL 730 can also be used, X S V , Aniiwear ; . and/or . Extr erne fte ⁇ s ⁇ sie Addjt i ves
  • sulfur-containing ami wear and/or extreme pressure additives can be used hi power steering fluids.
  • Examples include dihydrocarbyi polysuliides; sulfurized olefins; sulfurked fatty acid esters of both natural and synthetic origins; trithioaes; suLfurized thienyl derivatives; sulfurixed terpenes: sulfiirized oligomers of CrQ r ⁇ onoolefins, and sulfur ized Dieis-Ald ⁇ adducb huch as those disclosed in U.
  • Specific examples include ⁇ uifurized polyisobutene, suifurized isob ⁇ tylene, suifu ⁇ xed diisobutylene. sulf ⁇ rized triisobutyleue, dieyclohexyl polysulilde, diphenyl poiysuH ⁇ de, dihetrzyl polysulfide, dinonyl potysuLtkie, and mixtures of di-tert-b ⁇ cyi poiysuH ⁇ de such as mixtures of di- tert-butyl trisidfide, di-tert- butyl tetrasislfide and di4ert-butyl pe ⁇ tasufftde, among others.
  • Combinations of such categories of sulfur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agents can also be used, such as a combination of sulfumed isob ⁇ tylene and di- ⁇ ert- butyl trisulfide, a co.ofbinatio ⁇ of sulforized isobutylene and dinonyl trisu ⁇ flde, a combination of sulfuri zed tall oil and dibe.azyl poiys ⁇ lfule, [00118 ⁇ hi the context of this disclosure a component which contains both phosphorus and sulfur in its chemical structure is deemed a phfxsphorus ⁇ cont.aining at ⁇ iwear and/or extreme pressme agent rather than a sulfur-containing a ⁇ tiwear aucl-'or extreme pressure agent.
  • Use can be made of a wide variety of phosphorus-containing oil- soluble an ⁇ vvear and/or extreme pressure additives such as the oil-soluble organic phosphates, organic phosphites, organic phosphorates, organic pho ⁇ phonites, etc., and their sulfur analogs.
  • phosphorus-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure additives that can be used in power steering fluids include those compounds' that corstam both phosphorus and nitrogen
  • Phosphorus-containing oil- soluble arstiwear and/or extreme pressure additives useful in power steering fluids include those compounds taught in IKS, Patent Nos. 5,464,549, 5,500, 140, and 5,573,696.
  • One such type of phosphorus- and o ⁇ rogeiv containing ami wear and/or extreme pressure additives which can be used in power steering iiiuds are the phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing compositions of the type described in GB 1 ,009,913, GB 1 ,009,914, U.S. Patent No. 3,197,405 and/or U.S. Patent No. 3,197,496.
  • compositions are formed by forming an acidic intermediate by the reaction of a hydroxy-substituted t ⁇ ester of a phosphorotluok acid with an inorganic phosphorus acid, phosphorus oxide or phosphorus halide, and neutralizing a substantial portion of said acidic intermediate with an amine or iiydroxy-substituted amine.
  • phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing a ⁇ thvear and/or extreme pressure additive that can be used in power steering fluids include the amine salts of hydroxy-substituted phosphetanes or the amine salts of hydroxy -substituted thiophosphetanes and the amine salts of partial esters of phosphoric and thiophosphoric acids.
  • Antifoam agents work by destabilizing the liquid film that surrounds entrained air bubbles. To be effective they must spread effectively at the air/liquid interlace. According to iheory, the amifbam ageni will spread if the value of the spreading coefficient, S, is positive, S is defined by the following equation:
  • F J is the surface tension of the foamy liquid
  • P is the surface tension of the an ⁇ foaxo agent
  • P ! -" is ⁇ ie interfaciai tension between them.
  • Surface tension and mteitaeial tensions are measured using a ring type tensiomeCer by ASlM D 1331-89 (Reapproved 2001 ), "Standard Test Methods fo ⁇ Surface and hiterfacial Tension of Solutions of Surface- Active Agents".
  • P ! is the surface of the power steering fluid prior to the addition of anlifoam agent.
  • antifoam agents are antifbam agents that, when blended into the power steering fluid will exhibit spreading coefficients of at least 2 mN/ ' m at both 24 C 'C aid 93.5 0 C.
  • Various types of antifoam agents are taught in U.S. Pended No. 6,090,758.
  • the antifoam agents should not significantly increase die air release ⁇ me of the power steering fluid
  • suitable aotifoam agents are high molecular weight polydiinethyi siloxanc, a type of silicone antifoam agent, acryiate antifoam agents (as they are less likely to adversely effect air release properties compared to lower molecular weight silicone antifoarn agents), polydimethylsiioxan.es and polyethylene glycol ethers and esters, XVI, Cj ⁇ lorantg/Dygs
  • Colorants or dyes are used to impart color or to fluoresce under particular types of light. Fluorescent dyes facilitate leak detection. Colored oils help distinguish between different products. Examples of these colorants or dyes are anthraquhiones, azo compounds, ⁇ .ri phenyl- in ethane-, perylene dye, naphthalimide dye, and mixtures thereof. Particular types of iluorescent dyes are taught in U.S. Patent No, 6,165,384, XVH. Dihient OiI
  • Diluent oil is often iused in the different types of additive packages to effectively suspend or dissolve the additives in a liquid medium.
  • the maximum amount of diluent oil in all of the additive packages used to make the power steering fluid should he within 0 to 40 volume %.
  • the diluent, oil is an extra light hydrocarbon liquid derived from highly paraflinic wax, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0201852 Al, wherein the diluent oil has a viscosity of beiwyen about 1.0 mnr/s and. about ⁇ .S rnm ' V ' s at I QO 0 C? and a Noack volatility of less than 50 weight %, and also having greater than 3 weight % molecules with cyc ⁇ oparaftlnic nractkmaiUy and less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics.
  • IMoack ' Volatility Factor 160 - 40(K.inematic Viscosity at 100 0 C), (2) .bxamps ⁇ 2: houation ⁇ j )
  • the three Fiseher-Tropseh derived base oils were all distillate tractions made by hydroisomeriza ⁇ on devvaxing a hydrotreated ( ⁇ o- based Fischer- Tropseh wax in a constitus of two reactors, hydro finishing die effluent in a single reactor., and vacuum distilling the product into different grades of base oil.
  • Ail three of these Fischer- Tropseh derived base oils had very low aromaties and olefm contents, and had very good oxidation stabilities. Additionally, all three of them had very low Noack volatilities. Note thai only the FT-A had a wt% Noack Volatility less than an amount defined by the equation:
  • Noack Volatility Factor Noack Volatility Factor ::;: (900 x (Kinematic Viscosity ai 100°C) 'i 8 5 - 1 5. (3) The difference between the vvi.% Noack volatility of the light base oil fraction VT-A and the Noack Volatility Factor by Equation (3) of FT-A was greater than 0.5, FT-A also had extremely good oxidation stability and a viscosity index greater than: 28 x ln(Kinematic Viscosity at I CXPC) + 95.
  • catalyst w a series of three reactors at a temperature of 600-700 11 F, about 1 LHSV feed rate, less than 800 psig pressure, and about 4 to about 20 MSCF/bbi hydrogen flow rate.
  • the product was hydrofraished over a Pd/Siiica Alumina hydroimishing catalyst in a series of two hydrof ⁇ mshing reactors at a total pressure greater than 700 psig, a temperature of about 400 to about 600 0 F, aboui 1 LFI S V feed rate, and about 4 to about 20 MSCF/bbl hydrogen flow rate.
  • Noack Volatility Factor ::: - (900 x (Kinematic Viscosity at 100' "1 C) "2 8 ) - 15. 0)
  • the difference between the wt% Noack volatilities of the light base oil fractions FT- D and FT-E and their Noack Volatility Factors by Equation (3) were greater than 5. They both had exceptionally good oxidation stabilities, low pour points, and high VIs.
  • Base Oil 1 unlike the Comparative Base OiL also has a Noack volatility less than a Noack Volatility Factor calculated by either of the foi lowing equations: 160 - 40(Kinernatic Viscosity at 10OO. (2)
  • Equation (3) provides a lower Noack Volatility Factor than does Equation (2).
  • the kinematic viscosity of Base Oil 1 is 2.18 nmrVs
  • Equation (3) does not provide a lower Noack Volatility Factor (86,52) than does Equation (2) ⁇ 72.8 ⁇ for Base Oil 1
  • die kinematic viscosity of the Comparative Base Oil is 2.981 mnr/s
  • Equation (3) does provide a lower Noack Volatility Factor (27.27) than does Equation (2) (40,76 . ) for the Comparative Base Oil.
  • the T 1 GA Noack Volatility of the Comparative Base Oil, 48 vvt% is greater than either 27,27 or 40.76, while the TG ⁇ Noack Volatility of Base Oil 1 , 67.37 wt%, is less than either 86.52 or 72.8.
  • Fonura Nexbas ⁇ 3043 is a conventional API Group I II base oil.
  • the total 1 -to 6- umatur&tions by FiMS for Fortur ⁇ Nexbase 3043 is greater than. 55 weight %, and the ratio of moie ⁇ sles with monocycloparaffmic functionality to molecules wiih ⁇ iulticycioparaf ⁇ nic functionality is less than 2.0.
  • ⁇ U of the publications, patents and patent applications cited herein are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if the disclosure of each individual publication, patent application or patent was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety, [00140] Many modifications of the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein will readily occur to those of skill in the art. Accordingly, the present disclosi ⁇ e is to be construed as including all structure and methods that fail within the scope of the appended claims.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des liquides de direction assistée fabriqués à partir d'une alimentation cireuse et ayant des propriétés à basse température améliorées, telles que, par exemple, un indice de viscosité supérieur à 290 et une viscosité de Brookfield à -40 °C inférieure à 190 mPa.s. Dans un mode de réalisation, le liquide de direction assistée comprend plus de 50 % en poids d'une huile de base, un améliorateur de l'indice de viscosité, et moins d'environ 1,0 % en poids d'un abaisseur du point d'écoulement.
PCT/US2008/068282 2007-06-28 2008-06-26 Liquide de direction assistée WO2009006180A1 (fr)

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CA2691268A CA2691268A1 (fr) 2007-06-28 2008-06-26 Liquide de direction assistee
CN200880100865A CN101784647A (zh) 2007-06-28 2008-06-26 动力转向液
BRPI0813418-9A2A BRPI0813418A2 (pt) 2007-06-28 2008-06-26 Fluido de direção assistida e processo para produzir um fluido de direção assistida
EP08771991A EP2162520A1 (fr) 2007-06-28 2008-06-26 Liquide de direction assistée
JP2010515102A JP2010531921A (ja) 2007-06-28 2008-06-26 パワーステアリング流体

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US11/819,726 2007-06-28
US11/819,726 US20090005275A1 (en) 2007-06-28 2007-06-28 Power steering fluid

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CN102719298B (zh) * 2012-06-27 2014-07-30 上海三一重机有限公司 一种润滑油
CN103666682B (zh) * 2013-11-22 2015-10-07 广西大学 船舶侧推器液压油
US11820952B2 (en) * 2021-01-06 2023-11-21 Vantage Santolubes Research Llc Process to produce low shear strength base oils
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CN101784647A (zh) 2010-07-21
BRPI0813418A2 (pt) 2014-12-23
US20090005275A1 (en) 2009-01-01
CA2691268A1 (fr) 2009-01-08
EP2162520A1 (fr) 2010-03-17
JP2010531921A (ja) 2010-09-30

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