Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
  • A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
  • A24D1/025—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers the covers having material applied to defined areas, e.g. bands for reducing the ignition propensity
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
  • A24D1/10—Cigars; Cigarettes with extinguishers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
  • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
  • D21H27/02—Patterned paper

Definitions

• This disclosure relates generally to a smoking article and, more particularly, a banded wrapper paper for use in cigarette manufacturing that incorporates an anti-wrinkling agent.
• multilayer banded regions on cigarette wrapper paper have been employed to effect local reductions in permeability relative to nominal permeability of the base paper so that ignition propensity targets imposed by various jurisdictions could be met.
• Materials used for those multilayer banded regions have been applied in various proportions, coat weights, and compositions to attain desired objectives. Many times, however, the resulting wrapper paper experienced wrinkling in the region between adjacent banded regions.
• a smoking article includes a tobacco rod with a wrapper paper formed from a base web having a nominal permeability. Zones of add-on material are preferably applied to the base web such that the zones extend transversely of the base web and are spaced from one another in the longitudinal direction of the base web. Each zone, in addition to comprising starch or a mixture of starch and calcium carbonate, preferably includes an anti-wrinkling agent.
• Addition of an anti-wrinkling agent in the zones of add-on material on a wrapper paper yields improvements in a smoking article fashioned from that wrapper paper including, without limitation: (1) reduction of free-burn self-extinguishment (SE) while maintaining satisfactory ignition propensity (IP) performance; (2) improved rheological properties for a solution used to form the zones of add-on material; (3) quality improvement (i.e., more flexibility, less wrinkling, etc.) of the add-on material zone with the anti-wrinkling agent present; (4) reduced infiltration of add-on material into the base web; (5) applicability to high Coresta base paper; and/or (6) suitability to single-pass printing application of the add-on material.
• SE free-burn self-extinguishment
• IP ignition propensity
• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a smoking article according to this disclosure
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view of wrapping paper according to one embodiment of this disclosure
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view of wrapping paper according to a second embodiment of this disclosure
• FIG. 4 is a schematic view of wrapping paper according to a third embodiment of this disclosure
• FIG. 5 is a schematic view of wrapping paper according to a fourth embodiment of this disclosure.
• FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line 6-6 of FIG. 2;
• FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 6, of a multi-layer band construction.
• FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an exemplary multiple stage printing apparatus.
• a smoking article 20 may include a tobacco rod 22 formed from a wrapper paper 23.
• the wrapper paper 23 surrounds a quantity of tobacco 24 so as to make a generally circularly cylindrical tobacco rod 22, although the tobacco rod 22 may be oval or another cross-sectional shape.
• One end 28 of the tobacco rod 22 is lightable and sometimes called the "lit end” for reference purposes.
• a second end 30 of the tobacco rod 22 is sometimes called the "tipped end” or “mouth end” for reference purposes.
• a filter 32 may be provided at the mouth end 30 of the tobacco rod 22 to remove certain constituents from tobacco smoke during smoking of the smoking article 20.
• the filter 32 is attached to the tobacco rod 22 by tipping paper 32 which surrounds the filter 32.
• the wrapper paper 23 has at least one zone or region 26 of add-on material.
• the zone 26 of add-on material preferably extends in the circumferential direction at one or more spaced locations along the axis 34, extending around the tobacco rod 22 of the smoking article 20. While the zone 26 of add-on material is depicted in this disclosure as being substantially continuous in its circumferential direction, other configurations for the add-on material are within the spirit and scope of this disclosure.
• the zone 26 of add-on material is applied to the wrapper paper 23 to obtain satisfactory or improved Ignition Propensity ("IP”) characteristics and also to obtain improved Self-Extinguishment (“SE”) characteristics.
• IP Ignition Propensity
• SE Self-Extinguishment
• Ignition Propensity is a standard test conducted as set forth in ASTM E2187-04, "Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Smoking articles", which is incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference thereto. Ignition propensity measures the probability that a smoking article, when smoldering and placed on a substrate, will generate sufficient heat to maintain smoldering of the tobacco rod. Low values for IP are desirable as such values correlate with a reduced likelihood that a smoldering smoking article, when inadvertently left unattended, will cause combustion in an underlying substrate. Self-Extinguishment herein is a reference to smoldering characteristics of a smoking article under free-bum conditions.
• SE testing takes place within an enclosure or test box.
• a single port smoking machine or an electric lighter is used to ignite the smoking articles for the test.
• an apparatus or "angle holder” holds the smoking articles to be tested by holding an end at angles of 0° (horizontal), 45°, and/or 90° (vertical).
• 0° horizontal
• 45° 45°
• 90° 90°
• twenty (20) smoking articles are tested at each of the 0°, 45°, and 90° positions.
• the apparatuses are preferably positioned such that the smoking articles face away from each other to avoid cross interference.
• an SE value of 95% indicates that 95% of the smoking articles tested exhibited self-extinguishment under free-bum conditions; while an SE value of 20% indicates that only 20% of the smoking articles tested exhibited self-extinguishment under such free-burn conditions.
• the SE value may be referred to in terms of "Self-Extinction at 0° value”, “Self-Extinction at 45° value”, or “Self-Extinction at 90° value”, each of which refers to the value of SE at the specified tested angle.
• the SE value may be referred to in terms of “Self-Extinction Average value”, which refers to an average of the three angular positions: namely, an average of (i) the "Self-Extinction at 0° value", (ii) the “Self-Extinction at 45° value", and (iii) the "Self- Extinction at 90° value”.
• a reference to “Self-Extinction value” or “SE value” does not distinguish between SE at 0°, SE at 45°, SE at 90°, or SE average values and may refer to any one of them.
• the zones 26 of add-on material determine and regulate the IP and SE characteristics of the smoking article 20. Those zones 26 of add-on material are applied to a base web 40 (see FIG. 2) of the wrapper paper 23 and then formed into a tobacco rod in conventional cigarette making equipment.
• Nominal permeability of the base web 40 may be in the range of about 25 to about 100 Coresta.
• the preferred nominal permeability of the base web lies in the range of about 33 to about 65 Coresta, with the most preferred nominal permeabilities being about 33 and about 60.
• the base web 40 has a longitudinal direction 42 extending along the length of the wrapper paper 23 and a transverse direction 44 extending transversely across the width of the wrapper paper 23 so as to be generally perpendicular or transverse to the longitudinal direction 42.
• Those zones 26 of add-on material may be applied to the base web 40 preferably by a printing technique. While one or more printing technique (selected from the group consisting of direct printing, offset printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, and the like) may be used to apply the zone 26, preferably a gravure printing process will be used. Gravure printing provides ample control over deposition rates, deposition patterns, and the like, and is suitable for highspeed printing on the base web 40. For purposes of this disclosure, "high-speed" printing refers to printing processes where the base web 40 advances through the printing process at a linear speed greater than about 300 feet/min. For cigarette manufacturing purposes, base web printing speeds greater than 450 feet/min. are preferred, and speeds greater than 500 feet/minute or more are even more preferred.
• the rates of deposition for add-on material, as well as the quality of the pattern of deposited add-on material, can vary considerably when wrapper paper prepared by high-speed printing processes is compared with wrapper paper prepared by low-speed printing processes. Higher-speed printing operations can achieve both desirable IP values (performance) and desired SE values (performance).
• One object of this description is to provide wrapper papers 23 (see FIG. 2) produced at commercial-scale high-speed which, when formed into a tobacco rod 22, exhibit IP values no greater than 25% and SE values no greater than 50%. Accordingly, deposit rates and characteristics of the resulting printed regions are important features of high-speed printing here. While those IP and SE values are considered to be adequate at this time, even more preferred is an IP value for the resulting smoking article no greater than about 15%; and the most preferred IP value for the resulting smoking article is no greater than about 10%. Lower SE values are also desired. In this connection, a more preferred SE value is less than about 25%; while the most preferred SE value is less than about 10%.
• the materials used for the zones of add-on material can be important in the IP and SE performance of a smoking article manufactured using the wrapper paper discussed herein.
• the zones of add-on material may be printed with a starch solution that includes an anti-wrinkling agent. While an aqueous starch solution is presently preferred as the aqueous component is readily dried, use of a non-aqueous starch solution is also within the spirit and scope of this disclosure.
• the zones of add-on material may be printed with a solution comprising a mixture of calcium carbonate (or chalk) particles, starch, and an anti-wrinkling agent.
• the solution comprising a mixture of calcium carbonate (or chalk) particles, starch, and an anti-wrinkling agent preferably is applied as an aqueous solution, but a non-aqueous solution also falls within the spirit and scope of this disclosure.
• starch component While many types of starch are contemplated, tapioca starch is presently preferred for the starch component.
• a suitable commercially available starch is FLO-MAX8 available from National Starch & Chemical Co.
• SOCAL 31 calcium carbonate available from Solvay Chemicals, Inc., as SOCAL 31 is a suitable commercially available calcium carbonate.
• SOCAL 31 is an ultrafine, precipitated form of calcium carbonate having an average particle size of about 70 nm (nanometers). Larger particles of calcium carbonate have been observed to not function as well in this application when compared to the ultrafine, precipitated form of calcium carbonate, due at least in part to the tendency of larger particles to precipitate from solution more quickly and due at least in part to the need for greater quantities to attain the beneficial characteristics discussed herein.
• the anti-wrinkling agent is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, propylene glycol, and 1 ,2 propylene glycol.
• Glycerin is a preferred member of the anti-wrinkling agent group.
• 1 ,2 propylene glycol is the most preferred member of the anti-wrinkling agent group.
• this disclosure contemplates that either (i) an anti-wrinkling agent or (i) a combination of anti-wrinkling agent and calcium carbonate will be added to a nominal aqueous starch solution to obtain the add-on solution to be used for printing.
• the starch may comprise from about 10% to about 28%, by weight, of the nominal solution.
• the starch may comprise from about 20% to about 24%, by weight of the nominal solution.
• starch may comprise about 22%, by weight, of the nominal solution.
• An anti-wrinkling agent is preferably added to the nominal starch solution, with the weight of the anti-wrinkling agent being in the range of about 10% to about 120% of the weight of the starch in the nominal starch solution.
• the weight of the anti-wrinkling agent is more preferably in the range of about 50% to about 120% of the weight of the starch in the nominal starch solution; even more preferably in the range of about 60% to about 110%; and most preferably in the range of about 90% to about 110%.
• the weight of the anti-wrinkling agent is more preferably in the range of about 10% to about 45% of the weight of the starch in the nominal starch solution; even more preferably in the range of about 20% to about 40%; and most 9
• glycerin is used as the anti-wrinkling agent at about 40 to about 45%, the glycerin appears to adversely affect the drying quality of the add-on solution.
• the weight of chalk may lie in the range of 0% to about 100% of the weight of starch in the nominal solution; preferably in the range of about 40% to about 100%; and most preferably in the range of about 60% to less than about 80%.
• Chalk may be added to the nominal starch solution to adjust the reflectance of the resulting add-on material so as to be comparable to the reflectance of the uncoated base web material. With such reflectance, banded regions constructed from the add-on material are less visible to the casual observer.
• the CaCO 3 -to-starch ratio may also be a significant factor in determining IP and SE performance of a smoking article fashioned from the wrapper paper of this disclosure, when prepared by high-speed printing.
• the CaCO 3 -to-starch ratio is determined as the ratio, by weight, of calcium carbonate to starch for the zone of add-on material. More specifically, a CaCO 3 -to-starch ratio of less than about 0.8 is preferred to obtain IP and SE (at 0°) performance less than about 25%.
• banded regions 26 (see FIG. 2) of add-on material are established as spaced locations on one surface of the base web 23. Spacing of those banded regions 26 may be selected so as to be substantially greater than the width of those banded regions 26 in the longitudinal direction 42 of the base web 40.
• the width of the banded regions 26 may be selected to lie in the range of about 5 mm to about 10 mm (millimeters); and the spacing between those banded regions 26 (that spacing being measured as the distance from the trailing edge of one banded region to the leading edge of the next adjacent banded region) may be in the range of about 12 mm to about 40 mm.
• the base web 40 with the banded regions 26 may be supplied as a roll, the base web 40 may be slit in its longitudinal direction into portions having a transverse width corresponding to the circumference of a tobacco rod plus the width of a glue seam. After splitting individual portions of the web, those portions may each be wound on a corresponding bobbin. Using conventional equipment, such as a cigarette making machine, the base web 40 is fed from a bobbin into the machine where cut tobacco filler is deposited along the side of the paper web 40 to which the banded regions 26 have been applied so that the banded regions 26 are on the inside of the resulting tobacco rod 22.
• a method of making banded paper comprises establishing a supply of add- on solution at a printing station and passing a base web through the printing station while repetitively applying the solution to portions of the base web at the printing station.
• Establishing the supply of add-on solution includes adding an anti-wrinkling agent to the add-on solution.
• FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a multiple stage printing apparatus.
• FIG. 8 illustrates a reel 41 of paper, first gravure printing station 43, second gravure printing station 45, third gravure printing station 46, collection reel 48, rollers 50, impression cylinder 52, backing roller 54, nips 56, reservoir 58, pump 60, heat exchanger 62, applicator 64, bath 66, collector 67, drain 68, doctor blade 70, adjustment cylinders 72, and idler roller 74.
• FIG. 8 illustrates a reel 41 of paper, first gravure printing station 43, second gravure printing station 45, third gravure printing station 46, collection reel 48, rollers 50, impression cylinder 52, backing roller 54, nips 56, reservoir 58, pump 60, heat exchanger 62, applicator 64, bath 66, collector 67, drain 68, doctor blade 70, adjustment cylinders 72, and idler roller 74.
• features of a first gravure printing station 43 contain reference numerals with the suffix "a”
• corresponding features of a second gravure printing station 45 contain the same reference numeral with the suffix "b”
• corresponding features of a third gravure printing station 46 contain the same reference numeral with the suffix "c”.
• the typical reservoir 58 contains the mixture of add-on material for forming banded regions on the wrapper discussed above.
• the reservoir 58 communicates with a suitable pump 60 which is capable of handling the viscous add-on material.
• the add-on material may then flow to a suitable heat exchanger 62 where the temperature of the add-on material is elevated so that the viscosity of the add-on material is adjusted to a level which is suitable for printing.
• the viscosity of the add-on material may increase over time (e.g., upon remaining in the reservoir), to a level where the viscosity of the add-on material is no longer suitable for printing.
• the add-on material Due to its rheological properties, the add-on material has a finite shelf life, or pot-life, after which the material loses its usefulness.
• an anti-wrinkling agent to the add-on material formulation, has been shown to: (1 ) reduce the initial viscosity of add-on material; and (2) increase the shelf life, or pot-life, of the add-on material compared to material not having an anti-wrinkling agent.
• Tables I and Il compare the initial viscosity and time stability of a printing solution without an anti-wrinkling agent additive and to the initial viscosity and time stability of a printing solution with an anti-wrinkling agent additive.
• Table I for 1 ,2 propylene glycol
• Table Il for glycerin
• CaCO 3 added to a solution of 20% dry starch in water; ratio by weight of added CaCO 3 to dry starch present in the solution is 1 : 1.
• the add-on material When the add-on material is applied with a printing technique, viscosity of the applied material is important. Where the viscosity of the applied material increases over time, the addon material has a finite shelf life, or pot life, after which the material loses its usefulness. As Table I demonstrates, with the addition of an anti-wrinkling agent to the applied material formulation, the initial viscosity of add-on material can be reduced by about 20%. Moreover, the shelf life, or pot life, of the add-on material increases by a factor of at least two or more compared to material not having an anti-wrinkling agent.
• Tables III and IV indicate that addition of an anti-wrinkling agent to the printing solution reduces free-burn SE without affecting IP, i.e., while maintaining an acceptable IP level.
• batches of 40 cigarettes were tested to obtain the IP performance, while batches of 20 cigarettes were tested at each angular position to obtain the SE performance.
• an anti-wrinkling agent in the add-on material also enhances characteristics of the resulting banded wrapper paper. More particularly, an anti-wrinkling agent has been found to increase flexibility of add-on material when dried on the wrapper paper (i.e., it acts as a plasticizer). As a result, bands of add-on material are less prone to separate from the base web during handling and use than bands on wrapper paper where an anti-wrinkling agent is not used in the formulation. Furthermore, as noted above, incorporation of an anti-wrinkling agent in the add-on material gives rise to improved SE performance in a smoking article fabricated from wrapper paper having bands of add-on material including an anti-wrinkling agent - but without degradation of IP performance.
• the anti-wrinkling agent also functions as a plasticizer in the starch solution.
• a starch solution without an anti-wrinkling agent capable of also functioning as a plasticizer tends to infiltrate the top surface of the paper structure.
• the starch solution tends shrink or contract when it dries. That shrinkage and/or contraction causes the underlying web to also shrink or contract, i.e., in the area underlying the banded region.
• the width of a 91 cm (36 inch) wide paper web may shrink by as much as about 1.3 cm to about 1.9 cm (about 0.5 inches to about 0.75 inches) in the banded region ⁇ in other words by about 1 to about 2%.
• shrinkage may create difficulties, as in maintaining proper registration among multiple print stations when using multipass printing, among others.
• the region between the banded regions exhibits waviness, where the waves extend in the longitudinal direction of the underlying web and the undulations of the waves occur in the cross- web or transverse direction of the underlying web.
• the undulations described above sometimes result in creases in the unbanded regions where the paper folds on itself to adjust to the width reduction caused by shrinkage in the banded regions. Such creases in the wrapper paper are generally unacceptable for tobacco rod production.
• the shrinkage of the banded regions appears to be a cause of wrinkling in the unbanded, or unprinted, area of the wrapper paper.
• the mechanisms are not fully understood, but the addition of an anti-wrinkling agent to the starch solution appears to cause the printed layer or banded zone to be more flexible. That flexibility may result from the printed starch layer being more elastic. That flexibility may also result from the printed layer having reduced infiltration into the paper structure such that the printed layer lies more on the surface of the paper web.
• a further advantage of the anti-wrinkling agent herein disclosed concerns the film- forming attributes of the solution. More particularly, inclusion of the anti-wrinkling agent in the add-on material seems to enhance the film-forming characteristic of the add-on material with respect to the surface of the base web to which the add-on material is applied. That improved film-forming characteristic is believed to enhance the IP performance of banded wrapper papers constructed from the add-on material. Moreover, the film-forming characteristic enhances the desired occlusive effect of the layer sufficiently that the desired reduction in permeability in the banded region can be effected with a single printing application of the add-on material, thereby effectively eliminating multi-pass applications that may have been needed with solutions not having the anti-wrinkling agent.
• 1 ,2 propylene glycol is used as the anti-wrinkling agent.
• 1 ,2 propylene glycol can be effectively used where the ratio of 1,2 propylene glycol weight to starch weight in the solution is about 100%.
• glycerin can be effectively used when the ratio of glycerin weight to starch weight in the solution is less than 40% because at that ratio the drying time for the starch-and-starch-plasticizer solution becomes unacceptable. That difference in drying time may result from the difference in boiling point for glycerin (29O 0 C) and the boiling point for 1 ,2 propylene glycol (187.3 0 C) - a difference of about 100 0 C.
• the boiling point is closer to the boiling point of an aqueous solvent than is the boiling point of glycerin.
• permeability of the banded region is improved, i.e., the permeability is more uniform and is lower than permeability for a band that does not use plasticizer. This phenomenon is significant because it permits the required quantity of starch solution to be applied or printed in a single printing step.
• multiple printing steps were typically needed to effect the necessary permeability reduction in the banded regions. Of course, it may still be desirable - for other reasons - to continue use of multilayer printing operations.
• wrapper A comprises a slit band arrangement, having three zones of about 2 mm each, for a total width of about 6 mm for the printed banded region with add-on rates in the various zones ranging from about 3.5x to about 5.5x.
• An add-on rate of 5.5x results in about 8 g/m 2 to about 9 g/m 2 of add-on material on a dry weight basis, where the wrapper has a nominal basis weight of about 26.5 g/m 2 .
• Lower add-on rates would be expected to provide proportionally adjusted values for the weight of the add-on material, measured on a dry weight basis.
• the width of the banded regions and the zones are typically measured in the longitudinal direction, and have a 27 mm phase ⁇ i.e., the spacing from the leading edge of a banded region to the leading edge of the next or subsequent banded region).
• the "banded region configuration" is a shorthand description of the width of portions of the band, viewed in the direction which the coal advances in a burning tobacco rod.
• the 2.5-2-2.5 configuration means that the first portion of the total banded region width is 2.5 mm, the second portion of the total banded region width is 2 mm, and the third portion of the total banded region width is 2.5 mm.
• the first portion would be encountered first by the advance coal of a burning tobacco rod, the second portion would be encountered next by the coal advance, and the third portion would be encountered last by the coal advance.
• the add-on material preferably included an aqueous solution containing starch, chalk or calcium carbonate, and 1 ,2 propylene glycol.
• a presently preferred mixture for that aqueous solution includes starch, chalk, and 1 ,2 propylene glycol in a weight ratio of about 100 (for starch), to about 40 to about 80 (for chalk), to about 100 (for 1 ,2 propylene glycol), in weight percent.
• the starch alone may be in the range of about 20% to about 24% in the aqueous solution.
• the zone 26 of add-on material may be substantially continuous transverse of the paper web, as shown (see FIG. 2), or may have one or more longitudinally extending separations so as to define a C-shaped zone when formed into a wrapper for a tobacco rod (see FIG. 4), or may have several arcuately-shaped portions generally symmetrically positioned around the tobacco rod when viewed in cross section transverse to the longitudinal axis 34 of the tobacco rod 22 (see FIG. 5).
• the zone 26 of add-on material on the wrapper paper 23 may be divided into two or more substantially ring-shaped portions (see FIG. 3) that are spaced from one another along the axis 34 by a distance, w, that typically does not exceed the width of the rings 26, when measured in a direction generally parallel to the axis 34 of the tobacco rod 22.
• a spacing feature provides a "slit" in the band structure.
• the zone 26 on the wrapper paper 23 may comprise a plurality of patches 27 (see FIG. 5) disposed circumferentially around the tobacco rod 22, with patches 27' of an adjacent zone 26 being circumferentially displaced from patches of other adjacent zones 26.
• the patches 27, 27' may be arranged according to a predetermined pattern such as taught in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/924,666, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by this reference thereto.
• the zones of add-on material are preferably applied in a single layer 80 (see FIG. 6).
• the representation of the base web cross section in FIG. 6 is schematic.
• the actual cross section of a base web is a slice through the myriad of fibers which form the base web. In the case of cigarette wrapper paper, that thickness may be on the order of about 30 microns (i.e., 30 x 10 "6 meters or 30 ⁇ m). Actual thickness of the add-on material ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, and the add-on material tends to infiltrate and conform to the surface presented by the fibers of the base web.
• material build-up in the zones of add-on material can be schematically shown as boxes (as in FIGs.
• the application rate of the material in the preferred single layer may be in the range of about 4x to about 6x.
• the "x" is a nominal value conventionally used in gravure printing to describe the relative quantity of material being deposited, relative to a basic minimal application rate.
• the base web has a nominal Coresta value of about 33, a presently preferred application rate of about 5X is believed to be appropriate.
• the base web has a nominal Coresta value of about 60, a presently preferred application rate of about 5.5X is believed to be appropriate.
• zones of add-on material are preferably applied in a single pass, application, or layer, this description also contemplates application of the add-on material in multiple applications steps, or layers (see FIG. 7).
• a first layer 80 is applied to the surface of the base web 23 at a first gravure printing station 43 (see FIG. 8) and dried
• a second layer 82 (see FIG. 7) of add-on material may be applied to the wrapper paper, for example at a second printing station 45 (see FIG. 8).
• a third or subsequent layer 84 can be applied at further printing stations, e.g., 46 (see FIG. 8).
• the second layer 82 may be arranged so as to be superposed on, and substantially co-extensive with, the first layer 80. Alternatively, the second layer 82 may cover only one or more portions of the first layer 80.
• the relative application rate of the layers need not be the same, and preferably is different. For example, one layer may be at least about 1.5 times to about 3 times the thickness of the other layer.
• weight ratio is the ratio of the weight of the additional material compared to the weight of starch used to prepare the starch solution.
• references to an "X% starch solution” refer to an aqueous starch solution in which the starch weight is X% of the solution weight (e.g., weight of starch divided by the sum of starch weight and aqueous component weight).

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• 2008
  • 2008-05-23 MX MX2009012622A patent/MX2009012622A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2008-05-23 CN CN200880017325A patent/CN101677628A/zh active Pending
  • 2008-05-23 AU AU2008272618A patent/AU2008272618B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2008-05-23 BR BRPI0811774-8A2A patent/BRPI0811774A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2008-05-23 JP JP2010508931A patent/JP5334959B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-05-23 WO PCT/IB2008/002399 patent/WO2009004482A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2008-05-23 CA CA2688157A patent/CA2688157C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-05-23 EP EP08807083A patent/EP2150140A2/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-05-23 NZ NZ580551A patent/NZ580551A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2008-05-23 KR KR1020097025651A patent/KR20100020958A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2009
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