Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
  • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
  • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
  • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
  • C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• the invention relates to agriculture, and is intended for the manufacture of liquid environmentally friendly complex fertilizers based on vermicompost. It will be most widely used for foliar feeding of plants, seed treatment, soaking of seedlings of trees and root application in the soil by spraying.
• biohumus has become widespread as a highly effective fertilizer. It is obtained by processing an industrial population of red California worms of organic waste of various origins: pus of animals, plant, household, food waste, etc.
• Biohumus fertilizer is rich in humic substances, macro- and microelements, amino acids, enzymes, plant hormones, as well as antibiotics and lively agronomically useful bioflora.
• the presence of a significant content of calcium humates in vermicompost contributes to the formation of a water-resistant fine-grained soil structure, which contributes to the conservation of soil moisture in the root zone.
• the high content of bio-flora in biohumus which produces biologically active substances, increases the resistance of plants to diseases and pests.
• Biohumus significantly affects the acidity of the soil and tends to change it towards the optimum.
• the unique properties of this product formed the basis for the development of a variety of solid and liquid forms of fertilizers in which biohumus is the active substance.
• the liquid form of fertilizer is a dispersed system with a liquid dispersion medium and a solid dispersed phase (or a suspension).
• the list of the main characteristics of liquid fertilizers, in addition to agrochemical, includes such an important indicator as the stability of the suspension before applying it to the soil.
• the gel is a mixture of extracts from peat, potassium metasilicate, phosphoric acid and salts of polyvalent metal cations.
• the gel component of this fertilizer allows you to keep solid insoluble particles of salts in suspension , but at the same time, its ingredients have little effect on increasing the productivity of crops.
• insoluble particles of salts have large dimensions, which, although they form in a gel environment, can get stuck in the nozzles and nozzles of sprayers.
• liquid humic fertilizer which is a settled suspension of vermicompost and agricultural waste, which includes potassium (RF patent N ° 2263092, IPC 8 : C05F11 / 02, publ. 2005.10.27).
• the suspension also contains an extract of humic acids and decomposition products of organic components of the raw material.
• Enrichment of the fertilizer with microorganisms increases its consumer qualities, in particular, provides for the regulation of plant growth, but at the same time, the fertilizer’s performance properties associated with its use, preservation and transportation are unsatisfactory - the biohumus particles in the aqueous suspension tend to settle, they can become stuck in nozzles and nozzles of sprayers.
• Fertilizer is obtained by preparing an aqueous suspension of vermicompost with the addition of the active substance of mineral fertilizers, processing the mixture with alkali, mixing the resulting suspension and settling it.
• the technological cycle of preparing this fertilizer is long-term - for example, the process of mixing the mixture takes about 10 - 12 hours, and settling the suspension takes 2 - 2.5 days.
• the main disadvantage of the technology is that it is not able to provide a product that is resistant to delamination.
• bio-fertilizer which includes the following operations: add the biomass of red California worm to the sifted biohumus and grind the mixture until a homogeneous mass is obtained, which is mixed with water and whisked to obtain a suspension (Ukrainian patent Ns 67514, IPC 8 : C05D9 / 02, publ. . in Bul. Ns 6, 2004).
• the suspension is defended, separated from solid particles and the aqueous solution is used as fertilizer.
• This technology thanks to the use of the biomass of the worm, provides saturation of the fertilizer with valuable components that enhance the immune properties of plants. But, as noted above, a relatively insignificant amount of nutrients passes into the settled fraction, while their bulk always remains in the settled fraction.
• this technology needs quite large expenses for growing biomass of worms, the content of which in the crushed mixture reaches 40%.
• the technology under consideration is not effective enough, and from the position of emotional perception it can be called inhumane - because in order to obtain biomass it is necessary to grind living individuals of a valuable worm.
• a biological fertilizer containing biohumus which includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, water-soluble humates and agronomically useful biohumus bioflora (RF patent Ns 2181710, IPC 8 : C05F11 / 02 , C05FZ / 02 publ. 2002.04.27).
• the fertilizer contains nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and humic acids and is a settled and filtered suspension of peat and biohumus, to which additional nutrients are added, if necessary - copper, boron, zinc, selenium, silicon oxide.
• the disadvantage of this product is the low content of agronomically useful bio-flora of vermicompost, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of the fertilizer.
• the reason for the low content of bioflora is that during the mixing of the mixture of vermicompost and peat in the reactor, a significant number of microorganisms simply die, and a large amount of viable microflora remains in the sediment.
• Particles of solid particles of the active substance - biohumus and peat - contained in the finished product cause clogging of the nozzle openings due to too large sizes. In addition, they can settle to the bottom of the tank in which the fertilizer is stored.
• the physical state of the fertilizer can be represented as a suspension with a low degree of dispersion and stability, the use of which for the purpose of spraying plants is problematic.
• the basis of the invention is the task of increasing the agrochemical effectiveness of biological fertilizers by optimizing the qualitative and quantitative content of its nutrients and minimizing size solid inclusions that are part of the fertilizer, which allows to increase the agrochemical value of the fertilizer, to increase the total area of solid particles on which microorganisms are immobilized, which leads to their intensive development, as a result of which not only the bacterial flora is lost, lost during the technological operations of the worker cycle, but its content in the finished product is also significantly replenished, in addition, conditions are created for the unhindered passage of fertilizer through the channels of the sprayer GOVERNMENTAL installations.
• the fertilizer contains agronomically useful biohumus bioflora in the amount of 15.5 6 -15.5 12 colonies per 1 ml, and the size of the solid particles of the fertilizer is 3 - 10 microns.
• the increased content in the proposed fertilizer of a balanced amount and in readily available forms of nitrogen improves the synthesis of amino acids from which proteins and polypeptides are formed; phosphorus - stimulates the processes of respiration and photosynthesis; potassium - increases the water content of protoplasm and its water-holding ability and activates the flow of plastic substances from the leaves to the reproductive organs; calcium - contributes to a better development of the root system, optimizes the response of the soil-absorbing complex; magnesium and iron - improves the formation of chlorophyll in the leaves; Manganese - positively affects the carbohydrate, nucleic and protein metabolism of plants, activates and enhances photosynthesis; water-soluble humates - activates and accelerates the growth and development of plants, reduces the influence of stressful natural factors.
• biohumus solid particles are finely dispersed, almost dusty inclusions that are in suspension in suspension, without forming a precipitate.
• Such a suspension even during prolonged storage, does not separate, preserving its stability, and is most suitable for spraying plants with plants.
• a significant advantage of biological fertilizer is its significant content of active (living) agronomically beneficial bacterial flora, which makes it also an effective microbiological fertilizer, which is an excellent plant growth regulator, contributes to the restoration of soils even after years of use and inhibits pathogenic microflora (see table 1).
• the high content of agronomically useful bioflora is the result of the presence of finely dispersed solid inclusions in the fertilizer.
• microbial organisms of biohumus are immobilized on the outer surface of a solid carrier substrate, it is obvious that with a decrease in the size of solid particles, the area for their “occupation” increases - microorganisms receive favorable conditions for active reproduction. This process is also intensified due to the fact that the development bacteria occurs in the presence of oxygen.
• Table 2 presents the results of the stimulating effect on the growth and development of plant biotests.
• Table 3 presents the results of experiments conducted on the site planted with tomatoes, using specific compositions of biological fertilizers.
• the fertilizer ingredients were selected in an amount less than the minimum proposed by this invention.
• Ne2 - in an amount that exceeds the maximum content of ingredients proposed by the invention.
• Ns 3 - in an amount equal to the minimum content of ingredients proposed by the invention.
• Ns4 - in an amount equal to the maximum content of ingredients proposed by the invention.
• Ns 5 and N2 6 - in an amount that is within the proposed range.
• the feedstock is loaded into the fermenter, heated water is added and microbiological fermentation is carried out with continuous stirring.
• optimal conditions for the fermentation temperature of the slurry is maintained within 25 - 30 0 C and during the entire cycle of the reaction mixture is enriched with oxygen by purging the fermenter preheated to a temperature of 25-30 0 C with air.
• the suspension is defended and the liquid phase is separated, which is then evaporated at a temperature of 25-30 0 C.
• the resulting dry fraction is diluted with water and thus the final product is obtained - liquid humic fertilizer.
• the disadvantage of this technology is that it does not provide for the operation of fine grinding of the feedstock, as a result of which the efficiency of microbiological fermentation is not high enough.
• the basis of the invention is the task of simplifying and increasing the efficiency of the method of producing biological fertilizer by processing the crushed feedstock using a hydraulic cavitation dispersant and optimizing the conditions for microbiological fermentation of an aqueous suspension, which minimizes the size of solid particles of vermicompost to a state in which an aqueous suspension containing these particles , is a stable, homogeneous, resistant to delamination substance, and the total the area of solid particles on which microorganisms are immobilized, which leads to their intensive development, in addition, conditions are created for the unhindered passage of fertilizer through the channels of spraying plants.
• the vermicompost is subjected to dispersion using a hydrodynamic cavitation dispersant to obtain a finely divided aqueous suspension with a particle size of vermicompost 3 - 10 microns, after which microbiological fermentation is carried out by the bacterial flora of vermicompost.
• the proposed method of manufacturing fertilizer provides the possibility of grinding vermicompost to the state of microdispersed particles with a size of 3 to 10 microns. This effect is achieved due to the recirculation of the aqueous mixture through a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer. Solid particles of vermicompost, having made several .. revolutions "through a cavitation mixer or rotor-pulsation apparatus, are crushed under the influence of cavitation effects. Such particles form a sedimentation-resistant deposition (emulsion). And, as mentioned above, with decreasing particle size, the surface area increases on which microorganisms can be immobilized, due to which the content of biohumus of vermicompost in a liquid fertilizer made according to the proposed technology is much higher than in the known invention.
• the method can also be used for the production of liquid forms of biologically active food and feed additives.
• an aqueous solution of crushed feedstock is fermented in a bioreactor - methane tank, into which it enters through an airlift aerator.
• the disadvantages of the installation include the lack of structural elements in it that can ensure the grinding of raw materials to a finely divided state. This factor is the reason that the fermentation process in the bioreactor is not intensive enough.
• the basis of the invention is the task of increasing the operational capabilities of the installation for the production of biological fertilizers by improving its structural design, in particular, equipping a dispersant with an external recirculation loop, as well as optimizing the connections between the main structural elements of the installation, which minimizes the size of the biohumus solid particles to a state wherein the aqueous suspension containing these particles is stable, homogeneous, resistant to delamination with bstantsiyu, and provided the total area increase of solid particles on which microorganisms are immobilized, which results in their intensive development, in addition, the conditions for the smooth passage through the channels fertilizer spray devices.
• the second embodiment of the invention is based on the task of increasing the operational capabilities of a plant for the production of biological fertilizers by improving its design, in particular, equipping a dispersant with an external recirculation loop, optimizing the connections between the main structural elements, as well as equipping the installation with a fine suspension buffer tank and two tanks clarification of the product, which minimizes the size of solid particles of vermicompost to a state in which the aqueous suspension containing these particles is a stable, homogeneous, stratification-resistant substance, and also provides an increase in the total area of solid particles on which microorganisms are immobilized, which leads to their intensive development, in addition, conditions are created for the smooth passage of fertilizer through the channels of spraying plants and ensures the continuity of the process.
• the outlet pipe of the screw extruder is connected to a disperser equipped with an external recirculation circuit, which includes a centrifugal pump and a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer or rotary pulsation apparatus, which is connected through the outlet pipe to the inlet pipe of the screw extruder, and through a jet aerator - with a bioreactor equipped with a conical bottom with a switchgear installed in it, while the upper part of the bioreactor is connected tank lightening product.
• the outlet pipe of the screw extruder is connected to a disperser equipped with an external a recirculation circuit, which includes a centrifugal pump and a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer or rotary pulsation apparatus, which through the outlet the pipeline is connected to the inlet pipe of the screw extruder, and through the jet aerator to the bioreactor, which is equipped with a conical bottom with a switchgear installed in it, while the upper part of the bioreactor is connected to two interconnected product clarification tanks, in addition, the installation is equipped with a buffer tank fine suspension, the inlet pipe of which is connected to the outlet pipe of the dispersant, and the outlet pipe to the inlet pipe of the bioreactor.
• the rotary-pulsation apparatus is an alternative to the cavitation mixer - both devices perform the same function as part of the external recirculation loop and can be interchangeable in the design of the proposed installation.
• the composition of the installation described in the second embodiment of the invention includes a buffer tank of a finely dispersed suspension and two interconnected product clarification tanks. This ensures the continuity of the fertilizer preparation cycle due to the combination of the preparation of a finely dispersed emulsion and the renewal of biological flora over time: a portion of the suspension made in the dispersant is accumulated in the disperser before entering the bioreactor buffer tank, and at this time the dispersant processes the next portion of the product. However, it does not need to be stopped for the period of operation of the bioreactor, as is the case with the operation of the installation described in the first embodiment of its implementation.
• the presence of two product clarification tanks provides a combination in time of the process of filling the tanks and the product clarification process in one tank with the process of filling the product from the second tank.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first installation
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second installation option.
• the proposed installation for the manufacture of complex liquid fertilizers contains a storage tank 1 connected to a screw extruder 2, with which preliminary grinding of the initial product and separation of foreign impurities from it is carried out.
• the output of the screw extruder 2 is equipped with an output chamber 3, equipped with an output pipe 4 and an input pipe 5.
• the output pipe 4 of the chamber of the screw extruder 2 is connected to a disperser 6, which is filled with water in the initial state.
• the dispersant b is equipped with an external recirculation circuit, which contains a centrifugal pump. 7.
• the suction pipe 8 of the centrifugal pump 7 is connected to the dispersant 6, and its pressure pipe is connected to the inlet of the hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (or rotary pulsation apparatus) 9.
• the inlet of the suction pipe 10 of the cavitation mixer (or rotary pulsation apparatus) 9 is connected to the lower part dispersant 6, and the output through the valve B1 with the inlet pipe 5 of the screw extruder 2 and with the bioreactor 11 through the valve B2 and the jet aerator 12.
• the tank of the bioreactor 11 is made with a conical bottom, in which p spredelitelnoe device 13.
• the upper part 11 of the bioreactor is connected to the conduit 14 to the tank 15 lightening product.
• the installation according to the second embodiment is equipped with an additional tank 18 for clarifying the product and valves ⁇ and B4, which connect tanks 15 and 18 with the bioreactor 11.
• Tanks 15 and 18 for clarifying the product allow combining the processes of filling the tanks and clarifying the product in time tank with the process of spilling the product from the second tank.
• they are equipped with additional valves B5 and B6, the outputs of which are connected to the spill pipeline.
• the installation can be equipped with an additional pipeline with valves B7 and B8, the inputs of which are connected to the nozzles installed in the lower part of the first tank 15 and the additional product clarification tank 18, respectively.
• the outlet of the pipeline through the pump 19 is connected to the bottom of the tank of the bioreactor 11.
• the operating time of the screw extruder 2 is determined by the necessary concentration of the starting product in the finished mixture. After obtaining the required concentration of the solution, the screw extruder 2 is turned off and the mixture is recycled through a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (or rotary-pulsation apparatus) 9 to obtain a homogeneous suspension resistant to delamination. The recirculation time is determined by the volume of dispersant 6.
• valve B1 closes and valve B2 opens. This leads to the flow of the obtained finely dispersed suspension into the bioreactor 11 through the jet aerator 12.
• the design of the distribution device 13 provides distributed tangential introduction of the suspension flow into the bioreactor 11, and saturation of the flow with air bubbles leads to the formation of airlift flows in the bioreactor 11, which ensures effective contact of the prepared suspension with the original product.
• the bacterial flora actively develops, which reaches the optimal concentration over a certain period of time.
• the input stream of finely dispersed suspension into the bioreactor 11 and the volume of the bioreactor are selected with contact orientation during this time term. This allows you to divert the finished product from the upper level of the bioreactor 11 through the pipe 14 to the product clarification buffer tank 15 for subsequent pouring into the shipping container.
• the coarse part of the starting product, which is the biologically active phase, can be returned to the bioreactor 11 for reuse.
• a continuous process of preparing a finely dispersed suspension takes place and the latter is first fed to the buffer tank 16, and then by the pump 17 to the bioreactor 11.
• dispersant 6 manages to prepare a second portion of the product. This allows you to combine in time the process of preparing a finely dispersed suspension and the process of resuming biological flora.
• the suspension From the bioreactor 11, the suspension enters an additional product clarification tank 18, where it settles for a certain time, which is sufficient to fill the tank 15. After filling the tank 15, the already clarified finished product from the tank 18 can be sent to packaging.
• the raw material for the manufacture of biological fertilizer is vermicompost, the qualitative and quantitative composition of which is due to TUU 3336496.001-94.
• the operating time of the screw extruder is determined by the necessary concentration of the starting product in the finished mixture, and is about 5-7 minutes. After obtaining the required concentration of the solution, the screw extruder is turned off and the mixture is recycled through a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer (or rotary-pulsation apparatus) until a homogeneous suspension is resistant to delamination.
• the recirculation time is determined by the volume of the dispersant and for an existing installation with a capacity of up to 1 ton of product per hour is 40 - 45 minutes.
• the optimal concentration of bacterial flora in the bioreactor is achieved within 35-40 minutes.
• the input stream of finely dispersed suspension into the bioreactor and the volume of the bioreactor are selected based on the 40-minute contact.
• the volume of the bioreactor is 0.8 m 3 .
• the finished product is discharged through a pipeline into the product clarification buffer tank for subsequent pouring into a transport container.
• the coarse portion of the starting material may be returned to the bioreactor for reuse.
• Biological fertilizer which is manufactured according to the proposed the technical solution is a finely dispersed stable aqueous suspension that contains balanced compounds of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, trace elements and the active bacterial flora of vermicompost.
• the liquid form of complex fertilizer can reduce the cost of its application using the spraying method.
• the liquid form allows you to optimize the dosage of fertilizer by diluting the initial product with water to the desired concentration.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ID=40030307

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (2)

• 2007
  • 2007-06-16 UA UAA200706773A patent/UA87342C2/uk unknown
• 2008
  • 2008-06-12 WO PCT/UA2008/000032 patent/WO2009002290A2/ru not_active Application Discontinuation

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