WO2009000749A1 - Procede de traitement thermique de culasses en alliage a base d'aluminium, et culasses presentant des proprietes de resistance a la fatigue ameliorees - Google Patents
Procede de traitement thermique de culasses en alliage a base d'aluminium, et culasses presentant des proprietes de resistance a la fatigue ameliorees Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009000749A1 WO2009000749A1 PCT/EP2008/057811 EP2008057811W WO2009000749A1 WO 2009000749 A1 WO2009000749 A1 WO 2009000749A1 EP 2008057811 W EP2008057811 W EP 2008057811W WO 2009000749 A1 WO2009000749 A1 WO 2009000749A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dissolution
- income
- quenching
- resistance
- fluidized bed
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of the heat treatments of castings made of aluminum-based alloys.
- the invention more specifically relates to a heat treatment process of cast aluminum alloy cylinder heads, and cylinder heads resulting from such a process.
- the cast aluminum alloy cylinder heads are mostly used in high-performance automotive engines.
- Aluminum casting alloys have different families of compositions, most of which are suitable for structural hardening by heat treatment. In particular, we can mention the family
- alloys of type A319 according to the name of the Aluminum Association, comprising from 5.0% to 9.0% silicon, from 2.0% to 3.5% copper,
- alloys of type A356 or A357 according to the name of the Aluminum Association comprising from 6.5% to 7.5% of silicon, from 0.2% to 0.7% of magnesium, or even intermediate alloys or close to these two families.
- alloys of type A356 further comprising 0.5% copper are frequently used for heavily loaded diesel engine cylinder heads.
- high temperature dissolution typically between 490 0 C and 550 0 C;
- a quenching with water between the solution temperature and the quenching water temperature typically between 20 ° C. and 95 ° C., boiling water may also be used;
- the above treatments are typically carried out for periods of the order of 5 to 6 hours of residence at temperature in the oven, the rise in temperature of the charge being usually of the order of 1 to 2 hours for yokes.
- Document GB 2 361 710 thus proposes to limit the dissolution time to a maximum of three hours, and preferably to a maximum of two hours.
- the treatment recommended by this document results, for a lower treatment time, in mechanical characteristics similar to that of the T7 treatment.
- this document GB 2 361 710 specifies that the fatigue properties are only slightly influenced by the type of heat treatment and indicates that, as a result, the fatigue properties of the parts subjected to the T7 treatment or to the treatment according to this document GB 2,361,710 with shorter dissolution should not be significantly different.
- the document US Pat. No. 6,752,885 also provides a shorter heat treatment than the T7 treatment, this treatment comprising dissolving for a time of between one hour thirty minutes and two hours, and a tempering at a temperature of 250 ° C.
- This treatment has the advantage of eliminating the residual stresses, but does not make it possible to take full advantage of the hardening potential of the alloy.
- the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages and to reduce the residual stresses of the alloy, while making better use of the hardening potential of the alloy in order to maximize the functional performance of the cylinder head, especially the resistance to hot fatigue - cold which is the most severe test for the development of driven cylinder heads.
- a heat treatment process of a breech type casting part made of aluminum alloy, in particular aluminum alloy, silicon and magnesium, and where appropriate copper characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- dissolution is carried out for a period of between five hours and ten hours;
- the dissolution is carried out at a temperature between 490 0 C and 550 0 C;
- the dissolution is carried out in a conventional oven; the dissolution is carried out in a fluidized bed;
- the dissolution in solution comprises: a dissolution in a fluidized bed for a duration of less than or equal to 30 minutes, applied at the outlet of the molding so as to strip the part, or a complementary dissolution in a conventional oven.
- - Dissolving is applied to the room after a complete desiccation adapted to rid the room of its internal cores, and after removal of the weights and casting systems;
- the cooling of the part during the quenching is carried out according to a cooling curve located under the cooling curve SUP of FIG. 1, and preferably under the cooling curve INF of FIG. 1;
- - quenching is carried out in a fluidized bed at a temperature less than 40 0 C;
- quenching is a quenching at room temperature of parts arranged in a single layer through which the airflow passes;
- the air flows are greater than 1000 m 3 / hr / piece, and preferably greater than or equal to 1700 hr / hr / piece; the income is made at the peak of maximum resistance for the considered income temperature;
- the income is made in a fluidized bed
- the alloy is of the AA 319 type and the product is produced at 230 ° C. for 1 h 30 hours in a fluidized bed, or at 210 ° C. for 4 hours in a conventional oven;
- the alloy is of the AA 356 type and the product is produced at 180 ° C. for 5 hours in a conventional oven;
- the piece is a breech.
- the invention proposes a cylinder head made of aluminum-based alloy, especially aluminum alloy, silicon, magnesium, and optionally copper, characterized in that it has a resistance to the fatigue evaluated by the "hot-cold" fatigue resistance test, and expressed in number of cycles before the fatigue failure at +/- 200 cycles, greater than 4800 cycles, preferably close to
- FIG. 1 represents cooling curves under which the quenching according to the invention is to be carried out, as well as cooling curves applied to yokes during quenching according to exemplary embodiments of the invention;
- FIG. 3 represents the principle of measuring the deformations due to the relaxation of a cylinder head
- FIG. 4 is a temperature-time diagram schematically illustrating the heat treatment of the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the invention is applicable to structural hardening aluminum alloys regardless of their chemical composition, and to parts made from these materials.
- the invention particularly relates to castings made of aluminum-based alloy, especially aluminum alloy, silicon, magnesium, and optionally copper.
- the invention is more particularly applicable to heat treating automotive components molded in such aluminum-based alloys, and subjected to very high loads in service.
- the invention proves particularly advantageous for automobile engine cylinder heads which, as previously mentioned, are highly stressed casting parts. We will take the example of such cylinder heads in the following description.
- the method according to the invention comprises the steps of subjecting the breech: a solution treatment at the usual dissolution temperatures, but for a longer period,
- the dissolution can be carried out in a fluidized bed furnace, or in a conventional furnace, or even a succession of both.
- the dissolution is performed is at the usual temperature of dissolution of the alloy.
- the dissolution is carried out for a period of between 3 hours and 10 hours. According to an advantageous variant of the invention, the dissolution is carried out for a period of between 5 hours to 10 hours, including for fluidized bed treatments.
- the dissolution comprises successively in a fluidized bed dissolution (for example a quench in a short fluidized bed, of a duration less than or equal to 30 minutes), and a complementary dissolution in conventional oven, the duration of the dissolution of complementary solution is then adapted to achieve a total duration of 3 hours and 10 hours according to the invention.
- a fluidized bed dissolution for example a quench in a short fluidized bed, of a duration less than or equal to 30 minutes
- the Applicant has found that, contrary to what is indicated by the static mechanical properties (hardness, traction on test specimens, for example), it proves interesting to increase the dissolution time with regard to the functional properties of the cylinder heads. (And this even when this dissolution is carried out in a fluidized bed).
- the dissolving is applied to the cylinder head after a complete grit removal which rids it of all its internal cores, in particular by mechanical means (hammering and vibration typically), and after elimination of the flyweights and casting systems, which maximizes quench cooling rate.
- the dissolution can be performed on the molded output parts, the realization of the dissolution in a fluidized bed in particular for an effective degritting of the cylinder head.
- the cylinder head still has its weights, or even its casting system during quenching, which is not optimal as just noted.
- the cylinder head After dissolution, the cylinder head is quenched not in water, but in air or in a fluidized bed.
- FIG. 1 shows temperature-time curves representing the evolution during the quenching of the temperature of the cylinder head in the most critical temperature range, that is to say between 500 ° C. and the temperature room.
- the cooling rate of the quenching is adapted so that the cooling, as measured by one or more thermocouple (s) positioned in the cylinder head, lies under the curve SUP represented on 1, and preferably under the curve INF, shown in FIG. 1.
- Such a cooling rate according to the invention implies in particular that the temperature of the cylinder head in its most critical areas from the functional point of view, ie the fire side, goes from 495 ° C to 200 0 C in less than 7 minutes 30 s (curve SUP), and preferably less than 4 minutes 30 s (curve INF).
- Such a cooling rate can be obtained by quenching the cylinder head in a fluidized bed consisting of a diphasic mixture of particles, for example a mixture of siliceous sand and air, which allows high quenching speeds.
- the temperature of the fluidized bed is less than 40 ° C., for example a value of 30 ° C. Owing to the unique physical properties of this quenching medium, in particular its good thermal conductivity, the level of the residual stresses after the quenching operation is practically negligible.
- a high cooling rate can also be achieved by quenching in air, when performing air quenching at room temperature of pieces arranged vertically or horizontally in a single layer.
- the parts of this single layer are separated from each other by a distance of the order of 30 mm (with inter-room separators not included in this distance) and traversed by a flow of cooling air.
- the air flows to be considered for the cooling air flow are preferably greater than 1000 m 3 / h and per cylinder head, and preferably greater than or equal to 1700 m 3 / h and per cylinder head.
- the air is at room temperature.
- the air speed is of the order of 23 m / s for a flow rate of 1000 nrVh and per cylinder head, and of the order of 45 m / s for a flow rate of 1700 m 3 / h and breech.
- the determination of the peak of resistance can be done experimentally and conventionally, for example by first choosing the temperature of income to be considered, then by submitting parts previously dissolved and quenched at variable periods of income at this temperature of returned. These parts are then characterized for example by taking tensile test pieces in the functional critical areas of the cylinder head, for example the fire side.
- the peak of resistance is defined by characterizing the various test pieces in tension, then by plotting the curve "mechanical strength in tension as a function of the duration of income", for the temperature of income considered.
- the peak of resistance is defined as the maximum of this curve.
- the duration of income conferring on the alloy its maximum mechanical characteristics, associated with the temperature of income considered, thus constitute the conditions of income at the peak of resistance.
- This peak strength can also be determined using hardness tests instead of tensile tests, but the technique using the tensile test pieces is more accurate and is therefore recommended by the Applicant.
- a hard peak income is used, according to which the alloy is brought to the resistance peak determined according to the method previously described.
- the state commonly referred to as "T6" for the aluminum alloys corresponding to the peak strength of the alloy for this given temperature is thus obtained.
- an income is obtained near the peak, according to which the alloy is subjected to a suitable income to obtain a level of tensile strength of at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least equal to 95%, of the maximum resistance level at the considered tempering temperature.
- the income according to the invention is therefore produced according to a temperature / duration pair adapted to reach, or at least approach, the highest possible T6 state after air quenching or quenching in a fluidized bed according to the temperature-time curves. described by the Applicant, and corresponding to the maximum strength of the alloy, according to the method just described.
- the hard income according to the invention can be achieved by maintaining a temperature of 240 ° C. for 1 h 30 for an alloy of AA 319 type in a treatment of income in a fluidized bed, or else by maintaining a temperature of 180 ° C. for 5 hours for an AA 356 type alloy in conventional oven tempering treatment.
- in-line five-cylinder diesel cylinder heads were cast in static gravity in a metal mold, fire-facing downwards, with a steel plate cooled energetically so as to obtain a very fine microstructure that the 'SDD (' Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing ') can be characterized with values of the order of 23 microns in the area where the tensile test pieces used to characterize the material are taken.
- 'SDD ' Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing '
- the casting metal temperature is 710-715 ° C at the inlet in the casting cup of the mold, from which feed channels leave to fill the mold through attacks located at the foot of the piece.
- ratio between the weight cast (piece plus feeding system, plus weights) and the weight of the piece is 1, 66.
- the molded piece weighs 18.6 kg.
- the molding cycle time is of the order of 6 minutes from room to room.
- the alloy is of AA 319 type, selected second melting, with a chemical composition given below in percentage by weight:
- the alloy has its eutectic structure modified by addition of strontium.
- the bench test was performed under conditions that reproduce the thermal stresses of a severe hot-cold test on the engine test bench, the cylinder head being fixed by its fixing screws on a steel plate replacing the engine block, and provided with bores reproducing the bores of the engine cylinders.
- Gas burners are housed in these bores.
- the cylinder head is fitted with open exhaust valves and closed intake valves.
- the hot cycle consists of heating the combustion face with the aid of gas burners, the circulation of water being traversed by the coolant, so that the temperature in the cross-valve bridges reaches the value of 250 ° C. .
- the cold cycle consists of interrupting the heating of the combustion face, the circulation of water is still traversed by the coolant, so that the temperature in the inter-valve bridges reaches the value of 40 ° C.
- the temperature of the inter-valve bridges is measured at 1 mm from the fire-facing surface in a cylinder head identical to that of state T5 (test no. 1) and equipped with thermocouples, in order to adjust the burners and liquid flow rates cooling to achieve these temperatures.
- the duration of the hot cycle is 40 seconds; that of the cold cycle of 25 seconds, which gives a total unit cycle time of 65 seconds.
- the test is regularly interrupted to examine the bridges on the combustion side, to determine the crack initiation phase.
- the fatigue failure is determined as soon as a through-bridge crack leads to a leakage of water from the water circulation to the combustion face is observed.
- the cylinder heads have also been characterized at room temperature in traction and hardness.
- the tensile properties are measured according to the AFNOR standard
- Brinell hardness is measured according to the AFNOR EN ISO 6506 - 1 and ASTM E10-06 standards in the fire side as well. One measurement is made per piece, for five pieces.
- FIG. 2 shows the sampling zones T1-T5 of the tensile test pieces, the position HB1 of the hardness measurements and the position A-E of the micrographic examinations for the measurement of the SDAS.
- Test No. 1 Cylinder head subjected to the reference treatment T5
- the part was extracted from the mold and cooled in a forced air tunnel so that it was cooled to a temperature of 50 ° C. in a time of about 60 minutes.
- the cylinder head then underwent the usual operations of completion and then income: 4 hours at 210 0 C in a conventional furnace, then complete machining, before undergoing the bench test.
- the test was carried out on a cylinder head having undergone the following process. After casting, the part was extracted from the mold and subjected, after having been stripped of its casting systems, to a heat treatment with the following parameters:
- the result of the resistance test expressed as the number of cycles before the fatigue failure, is 4800 cycles (+/- 200 cycles, double repetition) for the cylinder head treated according to test No. 2.
- the test was carried out on a cylinder head having undergone the following process. After casting, the part was extracted from the mold and subjected, after being freed from its casting systems, to a heat treatment according to the invention with the following parameters:
- in-line four-cylinder diesel cylinder heads were cast in static gravity in a metal mold, fire-facing down, with a steel plate cooled energetically so as to obtain a fine microstructure that the it is possible to characterize by measuring the SDAS ("Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing"), with values of the order of 30 microns in the area where the tensile specimens used to characterize the material are taken.
- SDAS Serial Dendrite Arm Spacing
- the metal temperature at the casting is 720 0 C at the arrival in the casting cup of the mold, from where the supply channels start to fill the mold through attacks located at the foot of the room.
- the millet setting, ratio between the weight cast (piece plus feeding system, plus weights) and the weight of the piece is 1, 7.
- the molded piece weighs 14.1 kg.
- the molding cycle time is of the order of 5 minutes from room to room.
- the alloy is of AA 356 type, of first fusion, with a chemical composition given below in weight percentages:
- the alloy has its eutectic structure modified by addition of strontium. After casting, the part was extracted from the mold and cooled in a forced air tunnel so that it was cooled to a temperature of 50 ° C. in a time of about 120 minutes.
- Test No. 5 a heat treatment outside the perimeter of the invention, implementing a quenching with water, and comprising: - dissolving 6h at 540 ° C. in a conventional oven
- Test No. 6 a heat treatment according to the invention, comprising:
- the air quenching of the curve E6 corresponds to a quenching of the yokes arranged vertically and individually on a single layer, the yokes being separated by 30 mm from each other (not including tabs), and placed in baskets crossed by a flow of air with a flow rate of 3000 m 3 / h.
- Traction test pieces were taken from the yokes of tests 4, 5 and 6, similarly to what was carried out in the context of experiment 1, and the mechanical traction characteristics were measured on these test pieces. .
- Example 2 In a manner similar to Example 1, the hardness was also measured on the fire side of the cylinder heads.
- the overall levels of residual stresses were furthermore characterized for the three tests 4, 5 and 6, as follows.
- the yokes were cut progressively by milling starting from the fire face.
- the yokes are, before cutting, then at each stage of the cutting, at 13 and 30 mm depth with respect to the fire face, measured dimensionally so as to quantify the maximum deflection of the yoke with respect to three reference ranges Pr of the fire side, and the variation of the average length of the bolt on the sides A and B.
- the treatment according to the invention comprising air quenching under the operating conditions of the process according to the invention is the only one able to offer a significant reduction of residual stresses, while maintaining a good level of mechanical characteristics.
- This effect on the residual stresses is probably a discriminating element in the unexpected improvement of the behaviors on the bank of thermally treated cylinder heads by the method according to the invention.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200831799A SI2171115T1 (sl) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-19 | Postopek toplotne obdelave glav valjev, izdelanih iz zlitine na osnovi aluminija, in glave valjev, ki imajo izboljšane lastnosti trajne trdnosti |
MX2009014262A MX339962B (es) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-19 | Proceso para el tratamiento termico de cabezas de cilindro hechas de una aleacion a base de aluminio, y cabezas de cilindro teniendo propiedades de resistencia a fatiga mejoradas. |
US12/666,023 US9303303B2 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-19 | Process for the heat treatment of cylinder heads made of an aluminium-based alloy, and cylinder heads having improved fatigue resistance properties |
ES08761236.2T ES2624598T3 (es) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-19 | Procedimiento de tratamiento térmico de culatas de aleación a base de aluminio, y culatas que tienen unas propiedades de resistencia a la fatiga mejoradas |
EP08761236.2A EP2171115B1 (fr) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-19 | Procede de traitement thermique de culasses en alliage a base d'aluminium, et culasses presentant des proprietes de resistance a la fatigue ameliorees |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0755973 | 2007-06-22 | ||
FR0755973A FR2917751B1 (fr) | 2007-06-22 | 2007-06-22 | Procede de traitement thermique de culasses en alliage a base d'aluminuim, et culasses presentant des proprietes de resistance a la fatigue ameliorees |
Publications (1)
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WO2009000749A1 true WO2009000749A1 (fr) | 2008-12-31 |
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PCT/EP2008/057811 WO2009000749A1 (fr) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-19 | Procede de traitement thermique de culasses en alliage a base d'aluminium, et culasses presentant des proprietes de resistance a la fatigue ameliorees |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9303303B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2171115B1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2624598T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2917751B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX339962B (fr) |
PL (1) | PL2171115T3 (fr) |
SI (1) | SI2171115T1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009000749A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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US9595533B2 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2017-03-14 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Memory array having connections going through control gates |
WO2017152397A1 (fr) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | 中南大学 | Procédé permettant de tester un point de transformation de phase d'un alliage d'aluminium |
DE102019208807A1 (de) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-24 | Audi Ag | Verfahren und Anlage zur chargenweisen Wärmebehandlung von Leichtmetall-Gussteilen |
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DE19956895C1 (de) * | 1999-11-26 | 2000-11-16 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zum Abbauen der Eigenzugspannungen |
GB2361710A (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2001-10-31 | Ford Global Tech Inc | Precipitation hardening of aluminium castings |
US20040265163A1 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-30 | Doty Herbert William | Aluminum alloy for engine blocks |
WO2005093114A1 (fr) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-10-06 | Hydro Aluminium Deutschland Gmbh | Procede montant (uphill) pour le traitement thermique et pour la reduction de contraintes internes dans des pieces coulees produites a partir d'un metal leger en fusion, notamment d'aluminium en fusion |
US20070051336A1 (en) * | 2003-05-17 | 2007-03-08 | Andreas Barth | Method for hardening and tempering cylinder heads, and cylinder heads for internal combustion engines |
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DE3934103A1 (de) | 1989-10-12 | 1991-04-25 | Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh | Ofen zur partiellen waermebehandlung von werkzeugen |
JPH06174377A (ja) | 1992-12-04 | 1994-06-24 | Komatsu Ltd | 多目的雰囲気熱処理装置 |
DE29603022U1 (de) | 1996-02-21 | 1996-04-18 | Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken metallischer Werkstücke |
FR2780505B1 (fr) | 1998-06-26 | 2000-09-15 | Montupet Sa | Banc d'essai de fatigue thermique de culasses de moteurs a combustion, et procedes associes |
US6217317B1 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 2001-04-17 | Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. | Combination conduction/convection furnace |
DE19858582C2 (de) | 1998-12-18 | 2001-05-17 | Karl Heess Gmbh & Co Maschb | Anlage zum thermischen Behandeln von metallischen Werkstücken |
ES2211617T3 (es) | 1999-09-24 | 2004-07-16 | Honsel Guss Gmbh | Procedimiento para el tratamiento termico de piezas estructurales de fundicion de una aleacion de aluminio que debe ser utilizada para ello. |
FR2801059B1 (fr) | 1999-11-17 | 2002-01-25 | Etudes Const Mecaniques | Procede de trempe apres cementation a basse pression |
ES2215513T3 (es) | 2000-04-14 | 2004-10-16 | Ipsen International Gmbh | Procedimiento y dispositivo para el tratamiento termico de piezas de trabajo metalicas. |
AUPR360801A0 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2001-04-05 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Heat treatment of age-hardenable aluminium alloys utilising secondary precipitation |
DE10117987A1 (de) | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-31 | Ald Vacuum Techn Ag | Chargiergestell für die Wärme- und/oder Kühlbehandlung von zu härtenden Metallteilen |
ATE335860T1 (de) | 2003-04-17 | 2006-09-15 | Cometal Engineering S P A | Produktionsanlage für metallprofile |
DE10352622A1 (de) | 2003-11-12 | 2005-06-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken von Werkstücken |
US20080060723A1 (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-13 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Aluminum alloy for engine components |
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2007
- 2007-06-22 FR FR0755973A patent/FR2917751B1/fr active Active
-
2008
- 2008-06-19 ES ES08761236.2T patent/ES2624598T3/es active Active
- 2008-06-19 PL PL08761236T patent/PL2171115T3/pl unknown
- 2008-06-19 WO PCT/EP2008/057811 patent/WO2009000749A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-06-19 MX MX2009014262A patent/MX339962B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-06-19 US US12/666,023 patent/US9303303B2/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 SI SI200831799A patent/SI2171115T1/sl unknown
- 2008-06-19 EP EP08761236.2A patent/EP2171115B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19956895C1 (de) * | 1999-11-26 | 2000-11-16 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zum Abbauen der Eigenzugspannungen |
GB2361710A (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2001-10-31 | Ford Global Tech Inc | Precipitation hardening of aluminium castings |
US20070051336A1 (en) * | 2003-05-17 | 2007-03-08 | Andreas Barth | Method for hardening and tempering cylinder heads, and cylinder heads for internal combustion engines |
US20040265163A1 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-30 | Doty Herbert William | Aluminum alloy for engine blocks |
WO2005093114A1 (fr) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-10-06 | Hydro Aluminium Deutschland Gmbh | Procede montant (uphill) pour le traitement thermique et pour la reduction de contraintes internes dans des pieces coulees produites a partir d'un metal leger en fusion, notamment d'aluminium en fusion |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SI2171115T1 (sl) | 2017-07-31 |
US9303303B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 |
FR2917751A1 (fr) | 2008-12-26 |
FR2917751B1 (fr) | 2011-04-01 |
EP2171115A1 (fr) | 2010-04-07 |
EP2171115B1 (fr) | 2017-02-01 |
ES2624598T3 (es) | 2017-07-17 |
PL2171115T3 (pl) | 2017-09-29 |
MX339962B (es) | 2016-06-20 |
US20110011501A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
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