WO2009000155A1 - A photoneutron conversion target - Google Patents
A photoneutron conversion target Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009000155A1 WO2009000155A1 PCT/CN2008/001198 CN2008001198W WO2009000155A1 WO 2009000155 A1 WO2009000155 A1 WO 2009000155A1 CN 2008001198 W CN2008001198 W CN 2008001198W WO 2009000155 A1 WO2009000155 A1 WO 2009000155A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ray
- neutron
- conversion target
- photoneutron
- target
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/19—Targets for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions, e.g. pellets for irradiation by laser or charged particle beams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H6/00—Targets for producing nuclear reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1606—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the anti-fouling agent
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
- G21G4/00—Radioactive sources
- G21G4/02—Neutron sources
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Definitions
- X-ray imaging detection technology is a widely used security inspection technology. Many equipment based on X-ray imaging detection technology can be seen at airports and railway stations. Since X-rays mainly react with electrons outside the nucleus and have no distinguishing ability on the characteristics of the nucleus, X-rays can only measure the density (mass thickness) of the object to be detected, and cannot determine the element type of the object to be detected. In practice, when contraband is mixed with everyday items and the density is indistinguishable, it is difficult to find it using X-ray imaging detection technology. Although some new X-ray imaging techniques, such as dual-energy X-ray and CT technology, have improved recognition capabilities, they still cannot overcome the inherent shortcomings of unidentifiable element types.
- Figure 4 shows an improved gamma ray detector.
- the photoneutron conversion target 4 comprises two sleeping mat adjacent the tapered end 403 of the cylindrical portions 408 and 402 adjacent the first end portion 407
- the cylindrical portion 407 may be
- the tapered portion 408 is body formed.
- the tapered portion 408 can terminate at the second end 403.
- the tapered portion 408 shown in Figure 2 is frustoconical.
- the cylindrical portion 407 and the tapered portion 408 have a common longitudinal center axis and coincide with the target axis of symmetry.
- the tapered portion 408 can also be non-truncated, or otherwise tapered (eg, tapered in a curved manner).
- the photoneutron conversion target 4 may be a first end portion 402 from the start to the second tapered end portion 403.
- the selection of the energy of the electron beam 1 typically requires consideration of the energy of the desired X-ray beam and the material of the photoneutron conversion target. Depending on the type of object being inspected, the speed of detection, and the environmental safety, X-ray beams of different energies can be selected for penetration. For safety reasons and to save costs, you should usually choose as little energy as possible.
- the energy of the electron beam 1 generated by an electron accelerator not shown may be in the range of 1 MeV to 15 MeV.
- the ideal material for the photoneutron conversion target 4 should have a small photoneutron reaction threshold and a large photoneutron reaction cross section, but it is difficult to satisfy both at the same time.
- the X-ray imaging detection of the container 8 with the first X-ray beam 405 and the neutron detection of the container 8 by the optical neutrons 6 generated by the second beam 406 will be separately described below. It will be appreciated that X-ray imaging detection and neutron detection are themselves well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, respectively. However, in the present invention, since the first X-ray beam 405 and the optical neutron 6 can be generated simultaneously (or almost simultaneously), the beam X-ray imaging detection and the neutron detection can be simultaneously performed.
- an X-ray fan beam 7 (i.e., a collimated first X-ray beam 405) is directed at the container 8 being inspected, and the load 10 loaded in the container 8 attenuates the fan beam 7.
- an X-ray detecting device which may be an X-ray detector array 15 comprising a plurality of X-ray detectors.
- the attenuation factor of the X-ray reflects the absorption of X-rays by the substance from the electronic target 2 to the corresponding X-ray detector in the X-ray detector array 15, the size of which is the density of the substance loaded in the container 8 and Composition related.
- Thermal neutrons eventually disappear, and there are two ways to disappear: absorbed by matter, or escaped.
- Thermal neutrons exist in space from 1ms to 30ms. Neutrons can also capture in the fast neutron and slow neutron energy regions, but the cross section is small. When the neutron energy is reduced, the cross section rises rapidly because its capture cross section is inversely proportional to the neutron velocity. . Since the electron accelerator operates in a continuous pulse mode, the thermal neutron fields between different pulses are superimposed.
- gamma ray detectors there are many types of gamma ray detectors to choose from, such as: Na l (T1), BGO, HPGe, LaBr 3, etc.
- Figure 4 shows an improved gamma ray detector in which a 3 ⁇ 41 crystal 22 and a photomultiplier tube 23 form the body of the detector.
- the Na l crystal 22 has a front end face 30 for receiving gamma rays, a rear end face 31 opposite to the front end face 30, and a circumferential surface 32.
- gamma rays When gamma rays are incident on the Nal crystal 22, a photoelectric effect, a Compton scattering, or an electron pair effect occurs.
- Gamma photons deliver energy to secondary electrons, which are ionized in the crystal, and electron-hole pairs generated by ionization will produce fluorescence.
- the fluorescent photons emit photoelectrons on the photocathode of the photomultiplier tube 23.
- the photoelectrons are then multiplied by a photomultiplier tube to form a voltage signal through the preamplifier circuit.
- ⁇ -ray detector shown in FIG. 4 further comprising neutron shielding material 28, which surrounds the neutron shielding material of at least 28 l Na periphery of the crystal 22 to surface 32, and exposes the Na front end face 30 of crystal 22 l.
- the neutron shielding material 28 also surrounds the rear end face 31 of the Nal crystal 22.
- the neutron shielding material 28 is generally composed of a substance rich in H, such as paraffin, polyethylene, and water, which are suitable materials. Polyethylene is generally selected in view of structural and fire protection requirements.
- the H atoms in the neutron shielding material 28 have a large scattering cross section for the neutrons, are capable of reflecting neutrons, and rapidly reduce and absorb the energy of the neutrons. However, after the neutron shielding material 28 and neutron radiation capture occurs will release 2. 22 3MeV features ⁇ rays, characterized in that the ⁇ ray signals constituting interference ⁇ detectors will be measured. Therefore, on the inner side of the neutron shielding material 28, the gamma ray detector further includes a ⁇ / ⁇ ray shielding body 2 6, the ⁇ / ⁇ ray shielding body 26 at least surrounding the circumferential surface of the detector crystal, and exposing the The front end face 30 of the Na l crystal 22 .
- X-ray imaging and neutron imaging of the container 8 to be inspected can be performed separately to obtain an X-ray image and a neutron image.
- the X-ray imaging signal processing circuit 17 receives the signal from the X-ray detector array 15 and processes it to obtain an X-ray image.
- the gamma ray signal processing circuit 18 receives the voltage signal from the gamma ray detector array 14 and analyzes the gamma ray spectrum to obtain a two-dimensional neutron image containing the two-dimensional element distribution information of the object to be inspected.
- the two-dimensional neutron image and The obtained two-dimensional X-ray images are combined to realize the identification and discovery of contraband in the container.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/665,306 US8913707B2 (en) | 2005-11-03 | 2008-06-19 | Photoneutron conversion target |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN200710117692.8 | 2007-06-21 | ||
CN200710117692 | 2007-06-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009000155A1 true WO2009000155A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
Family
ID=40185179
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2008/001200 WO2009000157A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-19 | Method and system for contraband detection using a photoneutron x-ray |
PCT/CN2008/001198 WO2009000155A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 | 2008-06-19 | A photoneutron conversion target |
PCT/CN2008/001197 WO2009000154A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-19 | Gamma ray detector |
PCT/CN2008/001199 WO2009000156A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-19 | Photoneutron conversion target and photoneutron x-ray source |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2008/001200 WO2009000157A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-19 | Method and system for contraband detection using a photoneutron x-ray |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2008/001197 WO2009000154A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-19 | Gamma ray detector |
PCT/CN2008/001199 WO2009000156A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-06-19 | Photoneutron conversion target and photoneutron x-ray source |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US8374310B2 (zh) |
CN (6) | CN201247208Y (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2008267660B2 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE112008001701B4 (zh) |
RU (3) | RU2408942C1 (zh) |
WO (4) | WO2009000157A1 (zh) |
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2008
- 2008-06-19 RU RU2009147319/07A patent/RU2408942C1/ru active
- 2008-06-19 CN CNU2008201257272U patent/CN201247208Y/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2008-06-19 US US12/665,301 patent/US8374310B2/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 WO PCT/CN2008/001200 patent/WO2009000157A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2008-06-19 RU RU2009147318/28A patent/RU2415404C1/ru active
- 2008-06-19 AU AU2008267660A patent/AU2008267660B2/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 DE DE112008001701.8T patent/DE112008001701B4/de active Active
- 2008-06-19 CN CNU2008201257291U patent/CN201247209Y/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-19 US US12/665,306 patent/US8913707B2/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 AU AU2008267661A patent/AU2008267661B2/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 CN CN2008101251904A patent/CN101330795B/zh active Active
- 2008-06-19 WO PCT/CN2008/001198 patent/WO2009000155A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2008-06-19 WO PCT/CN2008/001197 patent/WO2009000154A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2008-06-19 CN CN2008101251891A patent/CN101329283B/zh active Active
- 2008-06-19 CN CN2008101251919A patent/CN101329284B/zh active Active
- 2008-06-19 CN CN2008101251976A patent/CN101340771B/zh active Active
- 2008-06-19 DE DE112008001662T patent/DE112008001662T5/de active Pending
- 2008-06-19 RU RU2009147317/07A patent/RU2406171C1/ru active
- 2008-06-19 WO PCT/CN2008/001199 patent/WO2009000156A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2008-06-19 US US12/665,296 patent/US8396189B2/en active Active
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US4980901A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1990-12-25 | The Titan Corporation | Apparatus for and methods of detecting common explosive materials |
CN1166228A (zh) * | 1995-09-08 | 1997-11-26 | 麻省理工学院 | 通过同位素转换生产放射性同位素 |
WO2005121756A2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2005-12-22 | Brondo Joseph H Jr | Mult-mode gamma beam detection and imaging system |
CN2890900Y (zh) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-04-18 | 清华大学 | 一种用快中子和连续能谱x射线进行材料识别的装置 |
CN1959387A (zh) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-05-09 | 清华大学 | 用快中子和连续能谱x射线进行材料识别的方法及其装置 |
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RU2406171C1 (ru) | 2010-12-10 |
CN101329284A (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
CN201247209Y (zh) | 2009-05-27 |
US8913707B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 |
WO2009000157A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
AU2008267660A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
DE112008001662T5 (de) | 2010-05-20 |
CN101329283B (zh) | 2011-06-08 |
CN101340771B (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
US20100243874A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
CN101330795B (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
RU2408942C1 (ru) | 2011-01-10 |
US8396189B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 |
US20100266103A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
DE112008001701T5 (de) | 2010-05-12 |
US8374310B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 |
CN101330795A (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
AU2008267661B2 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
CN101329284B (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
CN201247208Y (zh) | 2009-05-27 |
WO2009000154A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
US20100246763A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
CN101329283A (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
AU2008267660B2 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
WO2009000156A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
AU2008267661A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
RU2415404C1 (ru) | 2011-03-27 |
CN101340771A (zh) | 2009-01-07 |
DE112008001701B4 (de) | 2018-10-11 |
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