WO2008150370A1 - Système de moteur stœchiométrique utilisant des gaz d'échappement récupérés - Google Patents
Système de moteur stœchiométrique utilisant des gaz d'échappement récupérés Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008150370A1 WO2008150370A1 PCT/US2008/006455 US2008006455W WO2008150370A1 WO 2008150370 A1 WO2008150370 A1 WO 2008150370A1 US 2008006455 W US2008006455 W US 2008006455W WO 2008150370 A1 WO2008150370 A1 WO 2008150370A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- exhaust
- engine
- fuel
- power system
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
- F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
- F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
- F02M26/27—Layout, e.g. schematics with air-cooled heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
- F02M26/28—Layout, e.g. schematics with liquid-cooled heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/36—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for adding fluids other than exhaust gas to the recirculation passage; with reformers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present disclosure is directed to a stoichiometric engine system, and more particularly, to a stoichiometric engine system utilizing reformed exhaust gas.
- Air pollutants are composed of solid particulate matter and gaseous compounds including nitrous oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO).
- NOx nitrous oxides
- CO carbon monoxide
- some types of fuels such as, for example, diesel fuels often contain sulfur that, at times, convert to potentially corrosive and environmentally unfriendly byproducts. Due to increased attention on the environment, exhaust emission standards have become more stringent, and the amount of solid particulate matter and gaseous compounds emitted to the atmosphere from an engine is regulated depending on the type of engine, size of engine, and/or class of engine.
- the '209 patent discloses a natural gas powered engine system employing an oxidation catalyst and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to reduce emissions in the engine exhaust.
- EGR exhaust gas recirculation
- air and natural gas fuel is combined and combusted in a plurality of combustion chambers.
- Exhaust from some of the combustion chambers is directed to the oxidation catalyst where carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide and released into the atmosphere.
- Exhaust from the rest of the combustion chambers is mixed with natural gas fuel and recirculated back to the intake of the engine. By recirculating exhaust gas back to the engine, the peak combustion temperature in the combustion chambers is lowered, which reduces NOx production.
- the exhaust/fuel mixture is conditioned in a steam fuel reformer.
- any water vapor remaining in the exhaust/fuel mixture may be removed by condensation in a heat exchanger before the exhaust/fuel mixture is combined with ambient air and combusted in the combustion chambers.
- the system in the '209 patent may reduce emissions in the engine exhaust, it does not address the removal of particulate matter and other hydrocarbon emissions from the exhaust before the exhaust is released into the atmosphere.
- Many petroleum based fuels generate particulate matter and other hydrocarbons when combusted. Such particulate matter and other hydrocarbon emissions are considered pollutants and are strictly regulated. By not providing a means to reduce such emissions, the engine system might not meet exhaust emissions standards.
- the disclosed system is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems set forth above.
- the present disclosure is directed toward a power system that includes an engine configured to combust a substantially stoichiometric air/fuel mixture and produce a flow of exhaust.
- the power system also includes an exhaust passageway fluidly connected to the engine.
- the power system includes a catalytic device situated within the exhaust passageway.
- the system includes an exhaust gas recirculation loop fluidly connected to the exhaust passageway.
- the system further includes a steam fuel reformer situated within the exhaust gas recirculation loop.
- a method is provided for treating exhaust gas.
- the method includes combusting a substantially stoichiometric fuel/air mixture.
- the method also includes catalyzing an exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the air/fuel mixture.
- the method includes redirecting at least a portion of the exhaust gas so that it is combusted with the fuel/air mixture.
- the method further includes enriching the redirected exhaust gas.
- Fig. l is a diagrammatic illustration of a power system according to an exemplary disclosed embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a power system according to another exemplary disclosed embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary power system 10 having an engine 12 that combusts a mixture of air and fuel to generate a mechanical output and a flow of exhaust.
- engine 12 is depicted and described as a natural gas powered engine.
- engine 12 may be any other type of internal combustion engine such as, for example, another gaseous fuel-powered engine, a gasoline engine, a four-stroke diesel engine, or any engine capable of being powered by a petroleum based or non-petroleum based fuel.
- Engine 12 may include an engine block 14 defining a plurality of cylinders 16, an air/fuel intake manifold 18 fluidly connecting cylinders 16 to an air/fuel intake passageway 20, and an exhaust manifold 22 fluidly connecting cylinders 16 to an exhaust passageway 24.
- a piston (not shown) may be slidably disposed within each cylinder 16 to reciprocate between a top-dead-center position and a bottom-dead-center position, and a cylinder head (not shown) may be associated with each cylinder 16. Cylinder 16, the piston, and the cylinder head may form a combustion chamber 26 fluidly connected to air/fuel intake manifold 18 and exhaust manifold 22 via fluid passageways 28 and 30, respectively.
- engine 12 includes six such combustion chambers 26. However, it is contemplated that engine 12 may include a greater or lesser number of combustion chambers 26 and that combustion chambers 26 may be disposed in an "in-line" configuration, a "V" configuration, or in any other suitable configuration.
- Power system 10 may also include an exhaust treatment system 32 for removing and/or reducing the amount of pollutants in the exhaust produced by engine 12 and released into the atmosphere.
- Exhaust treatment system 32 may include a catalyzed member 34 situated within exhaust passageway 24 and an exhaust gas recirculating (EGR) loop 36 for directing a predetermined portion of exhaust back to air/fuel intake 20 of engine 12.
- Catalyzed member 34 may include a structure coated with or otherwise containing a catalyst to reduce the by-products of combustion.
- the structure may be coated with a 3 -way catalyst that supports the reduction of particulate matter, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and NOx.
- the catalyst may include, for example, a base metal oxide, a molten salt, or a precious metal that catalytically reacts with particulate matter, CO, and NOx.
- EGR loop 36 may include components that cooperate to redirect a portion of the exhaust generated by engine 12 from exhaust passageway 24 to air/fuel intake passageway 20.
- EGR loop 36 may include an inlet port 38, a recirculation valve 40, a reformer 42, an EGR cooler 44, and a discharge port 46.
- inlet port 38 may be fluidly connected to reformer 42 via a fluid passageway 48
- steam fuel reformer 42 may be fluidly connected to EGR cooler 44 via a fluid passageway 50
- discharge port 46 may be fluidly connected to EGR cooler 44 via fluid passageway 52.
- recirculation valve 40 may be disposed within fluid passageway 48, between inlet port 38 and reformer 42.
- inlet port 38 may be located upstream or downstream of any turbochargers present (if any) and/or additional emission control devices disposed within exhaust passageway 24 (not shown) such as, for example, particulate filters and catalytic devices.
- Recirculation valve 40 may be located to regulate the flow of exhaust through EGR loop 36.
- Recirculation valve 40 may be any type of valve such as, for example, a butterfly valve, a diaphragm valve, a gate valve, a ball valve, a globe valve, or any other valve known in the art.
- recirculation valve 40 may be solenoid-actuated, hydraulically-actuated, pneumatically-actuated or actuated in any other manner to selectively restrict the flow of exhaust through fluid passageway 48.
- Reformer 42 may remove or reduce the amount of water vapor in the exhaust gas flowing through EGR loop 36.
- reformer 42 may facilitate a reaction between exhaust gas flowing through reformer 42, and a fuel over a catalyst.
- the catalyst may be any material that may promote a reforming reaction such as, for example, nickel.
- the fuel may be any petroleum based or non-petroleum based fuel or natural gas.
- the fuel may be supplied from a source (not shown) such as, for example, a tank, a pipeline, or any other source known in the art capable of supplying fuel to EGR loop 36.
- the fuel may be directed to EGR loop 36 via a fuel passageway 54 upstream of reformer 42.
- the source supplying fuel to EGR loop 36 may be either the same source supplying fuel to air/fuel intake passageway 20 or a separate source. It is further contemplated that any percentage including 100 percent of the fuel combusted by engine 12 may be supplied via fuel passageway 54.
- methane (CH 4 ) in the fuel may combine with water vapor (H 2 O) in the exhaust gas to produce carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ).
- the shift reaction summarized by equation 2 may kinetically follow the reaction summarized by equation 1.
- the water vapor (H 2 O) remaining in the exhaust gas and fuel mixture after the first reaction may combine with carbon monoxide (CO) also produced by the first reaction to generate carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ), thereby removing the remaining water vapor from the exhaust gas and enriching the exhaust gas with hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
- Cooler 44 may be configured to cool the exhaust flowing through EGR loop 36. Cooler 44 may include a liquid-to-air heat exchanger, an air-to-air heat exchanger, or any other type of heat exchanger known in the art for cooling an exhaust flow. It should be understood that the size of cooler 44 may be reduced because the reaction facilitated by reformer 42 may be an endothermic reaction. The heat required for the reaction may be provided by thermal energy contained within the recirculated exhaust gas, thereby cooling the exhaust gas. Because of the cooling effect of the endothermic chemical reaction facilitated by reformer 42, it is contemplated that cooler 44 may be omitted, if desired.
- Fig. 2 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of power system 10 that positions catalyzed member 34 downstream of EGR loop 36.
- Positioning catalyzing member 34 downstream of EGR loop 36 may decrease the size of reformer 42 and the amount of fuel needed to remove or reduce water vapor from the recirculated exhaust gas. This is because the reaction facilitated by catalyzing member 34 may generate water vapor and increase the amount of water vapor in the exhaust.
- exhaust gas being recirculated back to engine 12 through EGR loop 36 may include the water vapor generated by catalyzing member 34 in addition to water vapor that may already be present in the exhaust gas.
- reformer 42 may not need to handle the additional water vapor generated by catalyzing member 34.
- EGR loop 36 positioning catalyzing device 34 downstream of EGR loop 36 may require additional emission control devices such as, for example, a particulate filter 56 located within exhaust passageway 24 upstream of EGR loop 36.
- Fuels that are combusted by engine 12 may include particulate matter or other elements that may corrode or foul the elements of EGR loop 36. It is contemplated that particulate filter 56 and/or other emission control devices may alternatively be situated within fluid passageway 48 of EGR loop 36, if desired.
- the disclosed engine system may reliably and efficiently remove or reduce emissions from exhaust that are released into the atmosphere.
- the combination of a 3 -way catalyst and an EGR loop may effectively reduce or remove NOx, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide from the engine exhaust.
- water vapor may be removed from the recirculated exhaust gas, which may increase the engine combustion flame speed.
- the reformer may enrich the recirculated exhaust gas, which may also increase the engine combustion flame speed. The increased flame speed combined with the increased heat capacity of the recirculated gas may ensure that the air/fuel mixture entering the engine may be stably combusted at temperatures adverse to NOx formation.
- particulate matter and other hydrocarbon emissions may be removed or reduced from the exhaust before it is released into the atmosphere. Therefore, the system may be powered by various petroleum based or non-petroleum based fuels and still meet stringent emissions standards.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention concerne un système de puissance (10) présentant un moteur (12) configuré pour brûler un mélange d'air/de combustible sensiblement stœchiométrique et produire un flux d'échappement. Le système de puissance présente également un passage des gaz échappement (24) raccordé fluidiquement au moteur. En plus, le système de puissance présente un dispositif catalytique (34) situé à l'intérieur du passage des gaz d'échappement. De plus, le système présente une boucle de recyclage des gaz d'échappement (36) raccordé fluidiquement au passage des gaz d'échappement. Le système présente en outre un reformeur de vapeur de combustible (42) situé à l'intérieur de la boucle de recyclage des gaz d'échappement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/806,437 US20080295501A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2007-05-31 | Stoichiometric engine system utilizing reformed exhaust gas |
US11/806,437 | 2007-05-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008150370A1 true WO2008150370A1 (fr) | 2008-12-11 |
Family
ID=39720661
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2008/006455 WO2008150370A1 (fr) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-05-21 | Système de moteur stœchiométrique utilisant des gaz d'échappement récupérés |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20080295501A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008150370A1 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
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AT512922A4 (de) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-12-15 | Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og | Verbrennungsmotor |
AT513052A4 (de) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-01-15 | Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og | Verbrennungsmotor-Reformer-Anlage |
US20140331668A1 (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-11-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Direct injection of diluents or secondary fuels in gaseous fuel engines |
DE112012006249B4 (de) * | 2012-04-20 | 2016-09-01 | Konstantin I. Fedin | Verfahren zur Gestaltung eines Arbeitsflusses eines Kolbengasmotors mit Kerzenzündung |
EP3346106B1 (fr) * | 2012-09-13 | 2021-03-03 | Cummins IP, Inc. | Système d'échappement pour moteur à carburant gazeux à allumage par étincelle |
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DE102005008103A1 (de) * | 2005-02-21 | 2006-08-31 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Abgasturboladerbrennkraftmaschine |
DE102009033379A1 (de) * | 2009-07-16 | 2011-01-20 | Volkswagen Ag | Saug-Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasrückführanlage |
CN101949341B (zh) * | 2010-09-11 | 2012-08-22 | 华南理工大学 | 用于汽车内燃机节能和减排的电化学装置及其制造方法 |
GB2484495A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-04-18 | Lotus Car | Processing of fuel and recirculated exhaust gas |
JP5764984B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-09 | 2015-08-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関システム |
EP3039279B1 (fr) * | 2013-08-26 | 2020-04-08 | Westport Power Inc. | Système de recirculation de gaz d'échappement direct |
US10233809B2 (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2019-03-19 | Southwest Research Institute | Apparatus and methods for exhaust gas recirculation for an internal combustion engine powered by a hydrocarbon fuel |
US10125726B2 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2018-11-13 | Southwest Research Institute | Apparatus and methods for exhaust gas recirculation for an internal combustion engine utilizing at least two hydrocarbon fuels |
US9702328B2 (en) | 2015-05-01 | 2017-07-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel combustion system having component with knurled conduction surface and method of making same |
US9739192B2 (en) | 2015-05-04 | 2017-08-22 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel combustion system, nozzle for prechamber assembly with curved orifices, and method of making same |
US9617908B2 (en) | 2015-05-11 | 2017-04-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel combustion system, nozzle for prechamber assembly having coolant passage, and method of making same |
GB2546488B (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2020-05-13 | Ford Global Tech Llc | An engine exhaust gas recirculation system with at least one exhaust recirculation treatment device |
US10082114B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2018-09-25 | Progress Rail Locomotive Inc. | Exhaust gas recirculation system |
KR20180005781A (ko) | 2016-07-06 | 2018-01-17 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 차량용 연료 개질 시스템 |
KR20180068198A (ko) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-21 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료 개질 시스템 |
JP6789907B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-21 | 2020-11-25 | ヤンマーパワーテクノロジー株式会社 | 内燃機関 |
US11215148B2 (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2022-01-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Vehicle powertrain with on-board catalytic reformer |
US11754023B2 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-09-12 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process for improving engine efficiency using a fuel reforming system |
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2008
- 2008-05-21 WO PCT/US2008/006455 patent/WO2008150370A1/fr active Application Filing
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Cited By (14)
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