WO2008149104A1 - Composition antimicrobienne comprenant une solution aqueuse d'argent et de cuivre - Google Patents

Composition antimicrobienne comprenant une solution aqueuse d'argent et de cuivre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008149104A1
WO2008149104A1 PCT/GB2008/001945 GB2008001945W WO2008149104A1 WO 2008149104 A1 WO2008149104 A1 WO 2008149104A1 GB 2008001945 W GB2008001945 W GB 2008001945W WO 2008149104 A1 WO2008149104 A1 WO 2008149104A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
silver
copper
composition according
ppb
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/001945
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English (en)
Inventor
John Newcomb Bostock
Duarte Maria Botelho Moniz Novoes Tito
Original Assignee
Aguacure Limited
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aguacure Limited filed Critical Aguacure Limited
Publication of WO2008149104A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008149104A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/38—Silver; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A01N59/20—Copper
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/242—Gold; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/243—Platinum; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/34—Copper; Compounds thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antimicrobial compositions, methods for making antimicrobial compositions and the use of such compositions.
  • Microorganisms are known to present health hazards due to infection or contamination. Antimicrobials are commonly used to prevent and/or retard infection or contamination. A problem with antimicrobials, for example antibiotics, is toxicity. This is a particular problem for antibiotics which are administered systemically. There are a number of possible side-effects that may be experienced when using antibiotics and these are more likely to occur if antibiotics are administered systemically rather than topically. A further disadvantage to using systemic antibiotics is that they are distributed through the body, therefore, only a small amount of the total dose reaches the local infection site.
  • Antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents that are administered topically have an advantage over systemic antibiotics, in that they significantly increase the concentration of the antibiotic locally compared to the concentration when administered systemically. See, for example, Mulligan, A. M.; Wilson, M.; Knowles, J. C. Biomaterials 2003, 24, 1797.
  • antimicrobials e.g. antibiotics
  • Such problems include the development of resistance.
  • antibiotic-resistant strains are becoming more common and tools to fight them are scarce.
  • Silver is known as an antibacterial, but its biocidal mechanism remains unclear. See,* for example, Spacciapoli, P.; Buxton, D.; Rothstein, D.; Friden, P. Journal of Periodontal Research 2001, 36, 108; Klasen, H. J. Burns 2000, 26, 131; Klasen, H. J. Burns 2000, 26, 117; Silver, S.; Phung, L. T.; Silver, G. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 2006, 33, 627; Gallant-Behm, C. L.; Yin, H. Q.; Liu, S. J.; Heggers, J. P.; Langford, R. E.; Olson, M. E.; Hart, D.
  • the silver cation (Ag + ) is believed to be the active antimicrobial agent (see, for example Spacciapoli, P.; Buxton, D.; Rothstein, D.; Friden, P. Journal of Periodontal Research 2001, 36, 108; Silver, S.; Phung, L. T.; Silver, G. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 2006, 33, 627; and Ugur, A.; Ceylan, O. Archives of Medical Research 2003, 34, 130).
  • the chemical environment relevant to biomedical applications is typically complex.
  • life-supporting environments are generally nutrient-rich and contain a variety of salts (e.g. halogenates, phosphates and sulphates) that induce the precipitation of silver. This may retard and/or prevent delivery of Ag + to the desired location. Consequently, it would be desirable to develop an efficient strategy for delivering silver (e.g. Ag + ) at the point of use.
  • Living organisms require copper at low concentrations as cofactors for metalloproteins and enzymes.
  • copper is needed for the function of several important enzymes in Escherichia coli including the cytochrome bo ubiquinole oxidase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, and amine oxidase (see, for example, Franke, S.; Grass, G.; Rensing, C; Nies, D. H. Journal of Bacteriology 2003, 185, 3804).
  • copper can also be extremely toxic.
  • Cu 2 ⁇ induces an inhibition of growth in bacteria, and has a toxic effect on most microorganisms.
  • metallic copper and copper alloys have antibacterial activity over the bacterium E.
  • the present invention addresses the foregoing deficiencies by providing an antimicrobial composition comprising an aqueous solution of silver and copper. Unless otherwise stated herein, such compositions will be known as the compositions of the invention.
  • antimicrobial composition we mean any chemical substance that can destroy microorganisms.
  • microorganisms we include all microscopic organisms.
  • the antimicrobial compositions of the invention are capable of destroying bacteria, fungi (e.g. yeast), algae, and molds, and mixtures thereof.
  • the compositions are particularly suited as bactericidal and fungicidal agents.
  • compositions of the invention may be chemically or electrochemically generated.
  • chemically generated we include adding water soluble silver and copper salts to water.
  • the compositions of the invention are electrochemically generated.
  • the compositions of the invention also comprise at least one metal (in addition to silver and copper) which has antimicrobial properties.
  • the at least one additional metal may be selected from potassium, zinc, selenium, titanium, gold, palladium, platinum and other metals suitable for electrochemical delivery and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred compositions of the invention comprise zinc. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the presence of zinc may help to retard and/or prevent the precipitation of silver and/or copper from solution.
  • the silver, copper and any additional metal(s) may be in the form of ions and/or particles (e.g. nanoparticles) and/or one or more compounds of the metals.
  • the silver, copper and any additional metal(s) are in the form of ions and/or particles.
  • the particles may comprise ions of the silver, copper and any additional metals present.
  • the invention also provides methods of preparing the compositions of the invention.
  • One method of the invention comprises providing an electrochemical cell comprising silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) electrodes in water and applying a potential difference across the electrodes to drive a current, thereby delivering silver and copper into the water. Unless otherwise stated herein, such a method will be known as the method of the invention.
  • the electrochemical cell described above may also comprise an electrode of the or each metal and a potential difference is applied across the or each electrode, thereby delivering the additional metal(s) into the water.
  • additional metals e.g. zinc
  • Fig 1 illustrates the relationship between current and concentration of silver and copper .
  • Fig 2 illustrates the relationship between flow rate and concentration of silver and copper .
  • Fig 3 illustrates the results of biological assays of solutions containing copper only, silver only and both silver and copper against Staphylococcus Aureus.
  • Fig 4 illustrates the results of biological assays of a solution containing Ag and Cu
  • Fig 5 illustrates the results of biological assays of a solution containing Ag and Cu
  • Fig 6 illustrates the results of biological assays of three solutions containing Ag, Cu and Zn (various concentrations) against Staphylococcus Aureus.
  • Fig 7 illustrates the results of biological assays of an electrochemically prepared solution and a chemically prepared solution both containing Ag and Cu against
  • any suitable silver and copper electrodes may be used.
  • the invention envisages using electrodes comprising eutectic alloys or single element electrodes of the metals. Suitable electrodes are commercially available from Goodfellow (http://www.goodfellow.com/csp/active/gfHome.csp ' ) or Cooksons
  • Any suitable water may be used according to the invention, including tap, distilled and/or deionised water.
  • distilled or deionized water is used.
  • a conducting agent may be added to the water in order to increase the conductivity. However, it may be desirable to avoid the use of a conducting agent as this may increase the complexity and decrease the purity of the composition thus formed.
  • preferred conducting agents are highly soluble salts.
  • a preferred group of conducting agents are nitrate salts, particularly alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium) and alkaline earth metal (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium) nitrate salts, or mixtures thereof.
  • nitrate salts are sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) and potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), especially KNO 3 .
  • the concentration of conducting agent when used, is less than about 6.2 x 10 ⁇ 3 mol/L, for example in the range of from about 4.9 x 10 "5 to about 4.9 x 10 ⁇ 3 mol/L.
  • the conducting agent concentration is less than about 2.6 x 10 ⁇ 3 mol/L, for example in the range of from about 4.95 x 10 ⁇ 5 to about 1.24 x 10 "3 mol/L.
  • the concentration of conducting agent is proportional to the conductivity of the solution in the electrochemical cell.
  • the conductivity of the aqueous solution in the electrochemical cell will be in the range of from about 0 to about 1000 ⁇ S (e.g. 0.001 to 1000 ⁇ S).
  • the conductivity preferably is in the range of from about 8 to about 800 ⁇ S.
  • the conductivity preferably is in the range of from about 0.05 to about 4 ⁇ S.
  • compositions of the invention with greater concentrations of silver and copper and any additional metal(s).
  • concentration of silver and copper and any additional metal(s) delivered into solution also depends on other factors, as explained in more detail below.
  • the amount of Cu and Ag delivered to solution will depend at least in part on the magnitude of the current to the electrodes. This is because the greater the current, the greater the rate at which the reactions below proceed:
  • the concentration of Cu and Ag produced typically is directly proportional to the current flow.
  • the amount of time for which current is driven through the electrodes will also be important.
  • Fig 1 illustrates the results of a series of experiments in which the current was varied and implementing polarisation switching. The results show that the concentration of Cu and Ag in the solutions produced was directly proportional to the current flow.
  • the current at the electrodes will be in the range of from about 0 to about 1000 mA/cm 2 (e.g. 0.001 to 1000 rnA/cm 2 ), preferably in the range of from about 0.5 to about 600 mA/cm 2 .
  • the current at the silver electrode and the current at the copper electrode or at the electrode of any other metal(s) present may be the same or different. This may be dictated by the desired concentration of Cu and Ag and any additional metal(s) in the resulting solution.
  • water is flowed through the electrochemical cell at a given rate. Since the flow rate determines the amount of time a given volume of water spends in contact with the electrode surface as it flows through the cell, it is preferable to employ a means (e.g. a pump) to control the flow of water (e.g. a calibrated peristaltic pump).
  • a means e.g. a pump
  • control the flow of water e.g. a calibrated peristaltic pump
  • the flow rate will be in the range of from about 0.1 to about 50 L/min, preferably from about 1 to about 10 L/min.
  • Fig 2 illustrates the results of experiments in which the flow rate was varied. The concentration of silver and copper ions decreased linearly as the flow rate was increased from 2 to 4 L/min.
  • the current and flow rate may be defined in relation to each other (i.e. current per flow rate).
  • the current per flow rate will be in the range of from about 0.002 to 2000 mA.cm ' VL.min “1 , preferably from about 1 to about 1200 mA.cm ' ⁇ .min "1 .
  • the current determines the rate at which Ag, Cu and any additional metal(s) are delivered to solution and the flow rate of water through the cell determines the residence time (i.e. the contact time between solution and electrodes).
  • the combination of current and flow rate determines the amount of Ag and Cu and any additional metal(s) delivered per unit volume of water and, therefore, the concentration of Ag and Cu in the compositions of the invention.
  • the intensity of the current flowing between electrodes is a result of the applied potential whose magnitude, in turn, is related to the resistance of the system according to the equation:
  • V Resistance (R) x Current (I)
  • C conductivity
  • the conductivity may be varied by the provision of a conducting agent.
  • the combination of current, flow rate and conductivity governs the concentration of silver and copper and any additional metal(s) in the solutions produced.
  • concentration of silver and copper and any additional metal(s) the greater the antimicrobial strength of the compositions of the invention.
  • compositions of the invention may typically comprise from about 10 to about 1,000,000 ppb of each of copper, silver and any additional metal(s) present.
  • the compositions comprise from about 100 to about 15000 ppb or about 300 to about 12000 ppb of each of copper and silver.
  • the compositions of the invention may comprise from about 500 to about 12000 ppb or about 1000 to about 10000 ppb, such as from about 3000 to about 7000 ppb of silver (e.g. about 5000 ppb) and from about 500 to about 12000 ppb or about 1000 to about 8000 ppb, such as from about 2000 to about 4000 ppb of copper (e.g. about 3000 ppb). If any additional metals (e.g.
  • compositions of the invention are each typically present in an amount of from about 100 to about 10000 ppb, such as from about 200 to about 5000 ppb, for example from about 300 to about 3000 ppb, preferably from about 500 to about 2000 ppb (e.g. about 1000 ppb).
  • compositions of the invention may contain other components in addition to the Ag, Cu and any additional metal(s).
  • the resulting composition of the invention typically will comprise Cu, Ag, K, NO 3 " , OH " and H + .
  • Such compositions may also comprise an additional metal (e.g. zinc).
  • concentration of the elements in such compositions may be monitored by any suitable means known in the art, for example by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) against standard solutions (see, for example, A. Montaser and D. W. Golightly (eds.), Inductively Coupled Plasmas in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1992).
  • ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
  • the pH of the compositions of the invention is typically in the range of from about 4 to about 9, preferably from about 5 to about 8, such as from about 6 to about 7 (e.g. about 6.5).
  • compositions of the invention may contain silver and copper in the form of particles comprising silver and particles comprising copper.
  • Compositions of the invention which also contain an additional metal may contain particles comprising the additional metal.
  • Particles comprising two or more of silver, copper and any additional metal(s) may also be present.
  • the silver, copper and any additional metal(s) contained in the particles described above may be in the form of ions.
  • the particles described above may have a diameter of less than 450nm, preferably less than 200nm, such as less than lOOnm, e.g. less than 20 nm.
  • An indication of the particle size in the compositions of the invention may be achieved by filtering the compositions using inert filters of various pore sizes (e.g. 20nm, 200nm and 450nm filters, available from Whatman). Of course, any other means to measure particle size known in the art may be used.
  • compositions of the invention may be stored for long periods of time, for example for greater than about 1 day, greater than about 1 week, greater than about 1 month or even greater than about 1 year, without substantially reducing their antimicrobial efficacy.
  • compositions of the invention are capable of destroying a wide range of microorganisms.
  • the compositions of the invention are believed to have potent antibacterial properties against all bacteria (e.g. Staphyloccus and Pseudomonas).
  • the antimicrobial properties of the compositions of the invention are thought to be superior to the antimicrobial properties of the corresponding compositions comprising only copper or only silver.
  • the compositions of the invention unexpectedly exhibit a synergistic effect between the silver and copper and any other metals present.
  • the combination of silver, copper and any other metal(s) present prevents and/or retards the bacteria from developing resistance to the compositions of the invention compared to the corresponding compositions comprising only copper or only silver.
  • the invention provides a use of a composition of the invention to destroy colonies of microorganisms.
  • the invention also provides a method of treating a human or animal body suffering from a microbial infection, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a composition of the invention to the human or animal body.
  • compositions of the invention may be used in any suitable form, depending on factors such as the microorganisms which it is desirable to destroy (e.g. bacteria) and the site at which the microorganisms are populated.
  • the compositions of the invention may be used in the treatment of microbial infections (see above), but also for use in sterilisation of human or animal body surfaces (e.g. human hands or cow udders) or inanimate surfaces (e.g. work surfaces or farrowing crates).
  • the invention also provides a delivery device loaded with a composition of the invention.
  • a delivery device loaded with a composition of the invention.
  • Such devices include those which deliver the composition in any suitable form such as a spray, a gel, a cream or a liquid.
  • a device may be in the form of a transdermal patch, a dressing or an impregnated material (e.g. a wipe impregnated with the composition of the invention).
  • the invention further provides a kit of parts comprising an aqueous solution of silver and an aqueous solution of copper.
  • Such kits may be arranged so that in use, the aqueous solution of silver is combined with the aqueous solution of copper to provide a composition of the invention as herein described. Accordingly, the kits of the invention may exhibit any appropriate feature of the compositions of the invention as herein described, such as one or more additional metals.
  • compositions of the invention may be formulated as antibiotics or antifungals for administration (e.g. to the eye, orally, nasally, intravenously, transdermally and topically) to a human or animal.
  • compositions for topical administration may be formulated in a device as a spray, a cream, a gel (e.g. for use in wound dressing) or a transdermal patch, a dressing or an impregnated wipe for application to the skin of a human or animal body.
  • Other components may be added to the compositions of the invention to provide such formulations.
  • compositions of the invention were assessed using screening tests with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (gram negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus Aureus (gram positive bacteria).
  • CFU' s colony forming units
  • Control and test solutions were prepared by mixing aliquots of bacteria grown overnight (500 ⁇ l) with 5.5 ml of water (control sample) or 5.5 ml of antibacterial fluid (test sample). Solutions were left under mild agitation and exposed to sunlight during testing whilst samples were collected at set intervals and spread over plates for screening.
  • Example Ia
  • Aqueous solutions containing the following amounts of silver, copper and zinc were prepared electrochemically.
  • the bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus Aureus of an electrochemically prepared solution and a chemically prepared solution were compared.
  • the solutions contained the amounts of Ag and Cu set out below. The results are illustrated in Fig
  • Electrochemically prepared solution 6787 ppb Ag and 2456 ppb Cu
  • Chemically prepared solution 7652 ppb Ag and 3038 ppb Cu
  • the biocidal activity test was run over 8 months after the composition was originally prepared, thus demonstrating the long shelf life of the compositions of the invention.
  • Bacterial cells from a single colony were grown up overnight at 37 0 C. Overnight cultures were centrifuged to pellet bacteria and subsequently resuspended in phosphate buffer. Pellets were formed again and washed twice with distilled water before addition to either test solution or distilled water (control).
  • Test and control Bacteria solutions were vortexed for 30 seconds before collection of an aliquot at T 0 . Test and control solutions were then kept under agitation (225rpm) from which samples were subsequently collected, diluted and spread over nutrient broth media plates every 5 minutes.
  • T 0 was measure at approximately T 3Osecs , resulting in the zero count for solution #3 at T 0 .
  • aqueous solution containing 3495 ppb silver, 1654 ppb copper and 492 ppb zinc was prepared electrochemically.
  • the bactericidal activity of this solution against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) was measured and is illustrated in Fig 10.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition antimicrobienne comportant une solution aqueuse d'argent et de cuivre, des dispositifs/formulations comportant une telle composition et un procédé de préparation d'une telle composition. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation de la composition selon l'invention pour détruire des colonies de micro-organismes et un procédé de traitement d'un humain ou d'un animal atteint d'une infection microbienne, le procédé comprenant l'administration d'une quantité efficace de la composition selon l'invention.
PCT/GB2008/001945 2007-06-07 2008-06-06 Composition antimicrobienne comprenant une solution aqueuse d'argent et de cuivre WO2008149104A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0710888.9 2007-06-07
GB0710888A GB2449893A (en) 2007-06-07 2007-06-07 Antimicrobial composition

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WO2008149104A1 true WO2008149104A1 (fr) 2008-12-11

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WO2022201200A1 (fr) * 2021-03-24 2022-09-29 Prerna Goradia Formulations antimicrobiennes à large spectre préparées à partir d'ions métalliques générés électrolytiquement et procédés de préparation
WO2023012809A1 (fr) * 2021-08-05 2023-02-09 Prerna Goradia Formulation désinfectante de surface

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US11083750B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-08-10 Cda Research Group, Inc. Methods of treatment using topical copper ion formulations
US11000545B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-05-11 Cda Research Group, Inc. Copper ion compositions and methods of treatment for conditions caused by coronavirus and influenza
US11007143B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-05-18 Cda Research Group, Inc. Topical copper ion treatments and methods of treatment using topical copper ion treatments in the oral-respiratory-otic areas of the body
US11318089B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2022-05-03 Cda Research Group, Inc. Topical copper ion treatments and methods of making topical copper ion treatments for use in various anatomical areas of the body
US10398733B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-09-03 Cda Research Group, Inc. Topical copper ion treatments and methods of treatment using topical copper ion treatments in the dermatological areas of the body
US11193184B2 (en) 2019-02-22 2021-12-07 Cda Research Group, Inc. System for use in producing a metal ion suspension and process of using same

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RU2285524C2 (ru) * 2003-08-11 2006-10-20 Федеральное государственное учреждение "Научно-клинический центр оториноларингологии Федерального агентства по здравоохранению и социальному развитию" Способ лечения острых гнойных верхнечелюстных синуситов
WO2005023206A2 (fr) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-17 Bio-Gate Ag Agent pour soins corporels a l'argent et au zinc
RU2297840C1 (ru) * 2005-11-18 2007-04-27 Евгений Михайлович Родимин Медьсеребросодержащее антимикробное средство для профилактики и лечения отита

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022201200A1 (fr) * 2021-03-24 2022-09-29 Prerna Goradia Formulations antimicrobiennes à large spectre préparées à partir d'ions métalliques générés électrolytiquement et procédés de préparation
WO2023012809A1 (fr) * 2021-08-05 2023-02-09 Prerna Goradia Formulation désinfectante de surface

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