WO2008146071A2

WO2008146071A2 - Pump for exchange of heat using the heat capacity of the earth anc system for climatization

Info

Publication number: WO2008146071A2
Application number: PCT/IB2007/001402
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ljupce Trajkoski
Original assignee: Ljupce Trajkoski
Priority date: 2007-05-29
Filing date: 2007-05-29
Publication date: 2008-12-04
Also published as: WO2008146071A3

Abstract

The invention comprises installation of the geothermal heat pump for the process of refrigeration (pic.5) uses direct expansion circuit and by activating the compressor 1, can be provided distribution of the coolant that took the heat from the refrigerated room, shown by the installation in which evaporator 3, fluxion switcher 18, air escape valve 23, circulation pump 19, expansion container 20, safety valve 21, valve boiler 22, and buffer 24 are located and after in the compressor, the temperature of the heat medium is raising and furthers it transmits the heat in the heat exchanger 28, for heating the sanitary water. On the exit of heat exchanger 28, the coolant through the distribution valve 6 enters in the collecting container 12, previously expanded in the pipe system, expansion valves and non-return valves 5. From the collecting container 12, through the electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4, evaporator 3, distribution valve 6 and rotationally accumulator 7 flows to the compressor 1 and the cycle is repeated. The part of the medium can freely circulate in the secondary circuit of the collecting container, electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4, and non-return valve 5 and again in the collecting container 12. The invention may consists of two expansion valves (fig.6) and by activating the compressor 1, the coolant is rising to the higher temperature and pressure and flows to the heat exchanger 28, for heating of sanitary water and the medium that flows from distribution valve 6, previously took the heat from installation consisting of evaporator 3, circulation pump 19, buffer 24, valve boiler 22, safety valve 21, expansion container and manometer 25. From there, the medium through distribution valve 6, flows to the condenser 2, where it transmitted the heat of the water into the well, and then through the valve 5 flows to the collecting container 12, from where flows back into evaporator 3, valve 6, rotationally accumulator 6 into compressor 1. The invention can be used also in the process of heating

Description

PUMP FOR EXCHANGE OF HEAT USING THE HEAT CAPACITY OF THE EARTH

AND SYSTEM FOR CLIMATIZATION

DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

Technical field on which the invention is relating to

The invention is relating to the field of mechanical engineering (heating, refrigeration and climatization) and heat and mass transfer. According to the International Patent Classification, the invention can be classified in the section of mechanical engineering, lighting, heating, weapons and blasting, in the class of freezing machines and refrigerators, combined heating and refrigeration system and heat pump systems, production and storage of freeze and gas-condensation and gas- solidification, in the subclass of heating and refrigeration systems, heat-transfer, heat exchange, energy storage materials, use of heat pumps for domestic or space-heating or for domestic hot-water supply, air-conditioning and air-humidification, in the subclass of heat pumps with compression machines and using of low heat potential (for ex. Earth geothermal energy). The invention's class, in accordance with the International Patent Classifications is F 25B 30/02, and F 24D and F 24F

Technical problem solved by the invention

This invention is solving the problem of utilizing the geothermal energy from the earth or from hot underground waters used for heating domestic spaces, by transforming the geothermal energy into heat energy using the transfer medium (water solution, glycol, Freon etc.). The invention is solving the problem of refrigeration of the space using the reversible process of energy heat-transfer from them, through the transmittal fluid in the earth. The invention is solving the problem of poison gas emission (carbon and sulfur dioxide) in the atmosphere.

Description of the present state of the art

The heat pumps are devices for transfer the heat from lower to higher temperature level (unlike the natural flow of heat energy - from the surrounding with higher to the surrounding with lower temperature). At that, heat pumps using relatively low amount of quality propulsion energy (usually electricity or different types of fuels, as well as the heat from water waste disposal heat). Also, heat pumps transfers the energy from natural sources in environment (domestic or other type of space) into ground or water, to the fixed industrial facilities and likewise. Inversely, the heat can be taken from determined spaces or facilities (refrigeration) and transmitting to the environment. In the theory, the total amount of delivered heat is equal with the heat taken from the heat source (ex. ground) plus the amount of propulsion energy.

On the fig.1 it is shown balanced energy of the system (facilities) with heat pump. From this picture can be seen that entrance in the system is access of the earth geothermal heat energy (2) into the heat pump (1). The required electricity for propulsion of the compressor (3) the energy required for eventually subsequent heating (4), as well as the energy for subsidiary devices and apparatus (5) can be assumed also as the access. The energy for heating the room (6) and the energy for supplying hot water are the system outputs.

Thus for example, the electricity motioning heat pumps for heating buildings usually provide heat energy from 100KWh, with electricity consumption from 20 to 40KWh. Some industrial pumps can accomplish higher performances, with consumption of only 5-10KWh, propulsion electricity. Those pumps for heat exchange are using a very low amount of primary energy, thus they are reducing the emission of poison gasses in the natural environment (CO₂, SO_2, NO_x).

In the present state of the art are known mainly two types of pumps: a) pumps based on evaporating compression and b) pumps based on absorption cycles. Both types of pump are realized with diverse thermodynamically cycles and process. The known are cycles of Stirling and Vojlomir, one phase cycle (with air, carbon dioxide or some noble gas), evaporating systems, hybrid systems (combination of evaporating and absorption cycle) and electromagnetic and acoustic processes. Great part from these systems has reached the maturity in the s-curve of their technological development.

In the present state of the art, the basic technological scheme of the closed cycle consists of compressor (that can be set in motion by electricity or by some other propulsion fuel), two heat alternators (evaporator and condenser) and one expansion valve. In the beginning phase, the heat is taken from the heat source, by warming up to evaporation of the heat carrier (water solution, Freon or glycol) which further, in the form of steam, is bringing into the second heat-exchanger (condenser) in the same time delivering the heat to the warmed room. The condensed heat carrier, in liquid phase, through the expansion valve is coming back into the evaporator. The cycle will repeat until the facility needs to work.

Absorption heat pumps are set in motion thermally, which means that instead of mechanical energy, the heat energy is used for starting the cycle. The absorption heat pumps for conditioning the domestic rooms, in the present state of the art, often used a gas as a propulsion fuel. In relation to needs for industrial installation, systems are usually set in motion with high pressured steam or with heat from waste disposal waters with high temperature. Absorption systems are used the capability of fluids or salts for absorption of the evaporation of the operating fluid. The most well- known "pairs" of operating fluids for absorption systems are: water (operating fluid) and lithium bromide (absorber) and ammonium, as a operating fluid with water as absorber. The compression of the operating fluid is achieved thermally into the sphere of dissolving consisting of absorber, pump for solution, generator and expansion valve. The low-pressured steam from the evaporator is absorbed into the absorber. A heat is generating through this process. The solution is pumped (lifted to the higher pressure) and enters in the generator, wherein operating fluid is heated almost to the boiling point by external heat supply at high temperature. The operating fluid (steam) is condensing in the condenser and the absorber flows back to the absorber through the expansion valve. The heat is taken from the source in the evaporator. The useful heat energy is added at the temperature of the medium in the condenser and in the absorber. The highly temperature heat energy for propulsion of the process is provided in the generator. Very low amount of the electricity is sued for proper work of the system. Lately (particularly in Japan and Norway), warm water pumps systems that used carbon dioxide (CO₂) as operating fluid are widely applied. Such facility, for maintaining of the cooling and freezing system in supermarkets is shown on pic.2. Such systems have application at the transport freezers, large spaces and refrigerators, for complete buildings as well as in the process industry. The system consists of few heat exchangers: heat exchanger (3), heat exchanger for heat compensation in the room (4), heat exchanger for waste heat (5) and heat exchanger for compensation of hot water (6). Three circulation pumps (7) are installed in the system: in the car for maintaining the freezer (1), in the cooler (2) and in the heat exchanger in the ancillary circuit (3).

For large populated cities as well cities with high density, the heat pumps wherein the heat exchangers are located on the ground (soil) and bounded on the concrete stilts (pic.3). This system provides reduced starting building costs. For more detailed information see [Oaka, R.IEA Heat Pump Centre Newsletter, Vol.23-N0-4/2005, p.33], [Rieber, R., Mittermayr, K. CO₂ - Heat Pipe, ETP Project, Austrian Government, 2001]. Such systems are widely used for climatisation (as air- conditioners) of the large spaces. They consists of geothermal heat pump (1), fundamented concrete stilts (2), U-shaped curved pipeline (30 and system for conditioning the air (air-conditioner) (4).

Description of the technical solution of the invention

For better description of the invention the following pictures are shown: Figure 4 - Installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration, using the circuit for direct expansion. Figure 5 - Installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of heating, using the circuit for direct expansion. Figure 6 - Installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration, using the circuit for direct expansion, using two expansion valves.

Figure 7 - Installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of heating, using the circuit for direct expansion, using two expansion valves.

On the all above mentioned pictures 4, 5, 6, and 7 given positions have the following meaning: 1 - compressor

2 - condenser

3 - evaporator

4 - expansion valve

5 - non-return valve 6 - distribution valve

7 - rotationally accumulator

8 - electro magnetic valve

9 - filter - dryer

10 - water flow regulator 11 - control glass

12 - collecting container

13 - switch (stopper) for high pressure

14 - switch (stopper) for low pressure

15 - electric heater for the compressor 16 - temperature probe

17 - temperature probe

18 - fluxion switcher

19 - circulation pump

20 - expansion container 21 - safety valve

22 - valve boiler

23 - air escape valve 24 - buffer

25 - manometer 26 - serviceable connections,

27 - temperature probe

28 - heat exchanger Installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration with direct expansion circuit (pic.4) operates on the following way: Activating the compressor 1, having electric heater 15, through rotationally accumulator 7 (the stopper for low pressure 14 is lifted in the circuit), can be provided distribution of the coolant that took the heat from the refrigerated room, shown by the installation in which evaporator 3, temperatures probe 16 and 17, fluxion switcherl8, air escape valve 23, circulation pump 19, expansion container 20, safety valve 21, valve boiler 22, and buffer 24 are located. In the compressor, the temperature of the heat medium (Freon) is raising and furthers it transmits the heat in the heat exchanger 28, for heating the sanitary water. On the exit of heat exchanger, a stopper for high pressure 13 and other serviceable connections are located. Further, the coolant through the distribution valve enters in the collecting container 12, previously expanded (fluidized) in the pipe system, expansion valves and non-return valves 5. The collecting container is supplied with filter - dryer 9 and control glass 11. From there, again, the coolant medium, through the electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4, evaporator 3, distribution valve 6 and rotationally accumulator 7 flows to the compressor 1 and the cycle is repeated. The part of the medium can freely circulate in the secondary circuit of the collecting container, electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4, and non-return valve 5 and again in the collecting container. This secondary circuit is used for more precise regulation of system work parameters.

For the purpose of heating the certain room with direct expansion in geothermal heat pump the following process is shown on the picture 5. In the room which is heated, the heat is brought through the medium (in this case Freon) lifted to the higher temperature and pressure in the compressor 1, equipped with electric heater 15. Part from the heat from medium is transmitted into the heat exchanger 28, for heating of sanitary water. The exit line from compressor is equipped with switch (stopper) for high pressure 13 and serviceable connections. The Freon with high temperature through distribution valve flows to the condenser 2, transmitting the heat to the area (installation), their circuit has temperature probe on the entrance 17 and on the exit 16, fluxion switcher 18, circulation pump 19, expansion container 20, buffer 24, safety valve 21 and valve boiler 22. After transmitting of the heat and warming the area, the Freon through the non-return valve 5 flows to the collecting container, equipped with filter dryer 9 and control glass 11, from where, through system of expansion and non-return valves 5, through distribution valve 6 flows again in the rotationally accumulator 7 and in the compressor 1, then follows the repeating of the cycle. The part of the medium can freely circulate in the secondary circuit of the collecting container, electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4, and non-return valve 5 and again in the collecting container 12. This secondary circuit is used for more precise regulation of system work parameters. Geothermal heat pump, used in the process of refrigeration, using two expansion valves is shown on picture 6. The pump operates on the following way. Activating the compressor 1, having electric heater 15, the stopper for low pressure 14 and other serviceable connections, the coolant, in this case Freon is rising to the higher temperature and pressure and flows to the heat exchanger 28, for heating of sanitary water. The medium from distribution valve 6, previously took the heat (cooled the area) from installation consisting of evaporator 3, two temperature probes on entrance 17 and exit 18, fluxion switcher 18, circulation pump 19, buffer 24, valve boiler 22, safety valve 21, expansion container and manometer 25. The medium which exiting from the heat exchanger 28, through distribution valve 6, flows to the condenser 2, where it transmitted the heat of the water into the well, which installation wielded water flow regulator, and temperature probe 27. After exiting from the condenser, the medium, through non-return valve flows to the collecting container 12, which has filter dryer 9 and control glass 11. the medium again flows back into evaporator 3, distribution valve 6, rotationally accumulator 6 into compressor 1 , after the cycle repeats again. It can be seen from the picture that the system is in a possession of two expansion valves in two secondary circuits of the collecting container. One circuit consist of collecting container 12, electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4 and particular non-return valve 5. Larger part from this circuit is turning back into main circuit. The second circuit of the collective container 12 is additional circuit with expansion valve 4 (the reason of the name: with two expansion valves), whereupon the part of the medium flows to the previous secondary circuit from where it can go to the compressor circuit, and other part circulates in the circuit of the collecting container.

Geothermal heat pump, used in the process of heating, using two expansion valves is shown on picture 7. The pump operates on the following way. Activating the compressor 1, having electric heater 15, the stopper for low pressure 14 and other serviceable connections, the coolant, in this case Freon is rising to the higher temperature and pressure and flows to the heat exchanger 28, for providing warm sanitary water. The medium, that comes from distribution valve 6, and previously has entered in the compressor through the rotation accumulator 7, has transferred the heat has warmed the area) from installation consisting of condenser 3, two temperature probes on entrance 17 and exit 18, fluxion switcher 18, recirculation pump 19, buffer 24, valve boiler 22, safety valve 21, expansion container 20 and manometer 25. The medium that exits from the heat exchanger 28, through distribution valve 6, flows to the condenser 2, and then in the evaporator 3 through collective container 12. Its installation having water flow regulator 10 and temperature probe 27. From the evaporator 3, through the distribution valve 6 and rotational accumulator 7, the medium again flows back into compressor 1 , after the cycle repeats again. It can be seen from the picture that the system is in a possession of two expansion valves in two secondary circuits of the collecting container. One circuit consist of collecting container 12, electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4 and particular non-return valve 5. Larger part from this circuit is turning back into main circuit. The second circuit of the collective container 12 is additional circuit with expansion valve 4 (the reason of the name: with two expansion valves), whereupon the part of the medium flows to the previous secondary circuit from where it can go to the compressor circuit, and other part circulates in the circuit of the collecting container.

Examples of utilization of this invention in practice

The examples from utilization in practice has shown that systems with geothermal heat pump are more economically for heating than traditional systems of heating using electrical power and mineral fuels. So far, for one residential building of 100m², the ratio is the following:

(Geothermal pump): (Electrical pump): (Mineral fuel/oil) = 1 :3:4. In the practice this systems are produced as open (system water/water) and close (system water/water or indirectly expansion and system ground/water or direct expansion. The pipe installation in the ground can be vertical and horizontal, depending of ground structure and possibility of construction.

The practical experiments and utilization has shown that production of these systems should be divided in two modes. For operating temperatures of water: for refrigeration 12/7°, for heating 40/45°, condensation temperature 30°C and temperature of the water from well 15⁰C, it is best with five modes for refrigeration capacity of 7, 11.8, 18, 24 and 34KW, and heating capacity of 7.3,

12.1, 19.9, 26 and 35.7KW.

For geothermal pumps with closed system, type water/ground, wherein the energy for heat pump is provided from the ground through system of pipes-heat exchangers in which the medium flows, is most suitable if they are produced in three types with refrigeration capacity of 12, 15.7 and

19.1 KW and with heating capacity of 12.7, 17.1 and 19.8 KW.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. The invention "Pump for exchange of heat using heat capacity of the earth system for climatization, comprises installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration with direct expansion circuit is characterized by activating the compressor 1 , can be provided distribution of the coolant that took the heat from the refrigerated room, shown by the installation in which evaporator 3, temperatures probe 16 and 17, fluxion switcher 18, air escape valve 23, circulation pump 19, expansion container 20, safety valve 21, valve boiler 22, and buffer 24 are located and after in the compressor, the temperature of the heat medium (can be Freon or other suitable medium) is raising and furthers it transmits the heat in the heat exchanger 28, for heating the sanitary water.

2. The invention "Pump for exchange of heat using heat capacity of the earth system for climatization, comprises installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration with direct expansion circuit wherein on the exit of heat exchanger 28, the coolant through the distribution valve 6 enters in the collecting container 12, previously expanded (fluidized) in the pipe system, expansion valves and non-return valves 5.

3. The invention from Patent claim 2 wherein the collecting container 12 is supplied with filter - dryer 9 and control glass 11. From there, again, the coolant medium, through the electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4, evaporator 3, distribution valve 6 and rotationally accumulator 7 flows to the compressor 1 and the cycle is repeated.

4. The invention from Patent claim 2 wherein the part of the medium can freely circulate in the secondary circuit of the collecting container, electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4, and non-return valve 5 and again in the collecting container 12.

5. The invention "Pump for exchange of heat using heat capacity of the earth system for climatization, comprises installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration with direct expansion circuit is characterized by that the following process shown on the picture 5. the heat in the heating room is brought through the medium (can be Freon or other suitable medium) lifted to the higher temperature and pressure in the compressor 1, equipped with electric heater 15. Part from the heat from medium is transmitted into the heat exchanger 28, for heating the sanitary water. The exit line from compressor is equipped with switch (stopper) for high pressure 13 and serviceable connections. The Freon with high temperature through distribution valve flows to the condenser 2, transmitting the heat to the area (installation), their circuit has temperature probe on the entrance 17 and on the exit 16, fluxion switcher 18, circulation pump 19, expansion container 20, buffer 24, safety valve 21 and valve boiler 22.

6. The invention "Pump for exchange of heat using heat capacity of the earth system for climatization, comprises installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration with direct expansion circuit wherein after transmitting of the heat and warming the area, the Freon through the non-return valve 5 flows to the collecting container, equipped with filter dryer 9 and control glass 11 , from where, through system of expansion and non-return valves 5, through distribution valve 6 flows again in the rotationally accumulator 7 and in the compressor 1, then follows the repeating of the cycle.

7. The invention from the Patent claim 6 wherein the part of the medium can freely circulate in the secondary circuit of the collecting container, electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4, and non-return valve 5 and again in the collecting container 12.

8. The invention "Pump for exchange of heat using heat capacity of the earth system for climatization, comprises installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration with direct expansion circuit is characterized by that activating the compressor 1, having electric heater 15, the stopper for low pressure 14 and other serviceable connections, the coolant, in this case Freon is rising to the higher temperature and pressure and flows to the heat exchanger 28, for heating of sanitary water. The medium from distribution valve 6, previously took the heat (cooled the area) from installation consisting of evaporator 3, two temperature probes on entrance 17 and exit 18, fluxion switcher 18, circulation pump 19, buffer 24, valve boiler 22, safety valve 21, expansion container and manometer 25.

9. The invention "Pump for exchange of heat using heat capacity of the earth system for climatization, comprises installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration with direct expansion circuit wherein the medium which exiting from the heat exchanger 28, through distribution valve 6, flows to the condenser 2, where it transmitted the heat of the water into the well, which installation wielded water flow regulator, and temperature probe 27 and then through non-return valve flows to the collecting container 12, 5 which has filter dryer 9 and control glass 11. the medium again flows back into evaporator

3, distribution valve 6, rotationally accumulator 6 into compressor 1, after the cycle repeats again.

10. The invention from the Patent Claim 9 wherein the system comprise two expansion valves0 in two secondary circuits of the collecting container.

11. The invention from the patent claim 10 wherein one circuit consists of collecting container 12, electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4 and particular non-return valve 5. Larger part from this circuit is turning back into main circuit. The second circuit of the collective5 container 12 is additional circuit with expansion valve 4 (the reason of the name: with two expansion valves), whereupon the part of the medium flows to the previous secondary circuit from where it can go to the compressor circuit, and other part circulates in the circuit of the collecting container. 0

12. The invention "Pump for exchange of heat using heat capacity of the earth system for climatization, comprises installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration with direct expansion circuit is characterized by activating the compressor 1, having electric heater 15, the stopper for low pressure 14 and other serviceable connections, the coolant, in this case Freon is rising to the higher temperature and pressure and flows to5 the heat exchanger 28, for providing warm sanitary water.

13. The invention "Pump for exchange of heat using heat capacity of the earth system for climatization, comprises installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration with direct expansion circuit is characterized by The medium, that comes0 from distribution valve 6, and previously has entered in the compressor through the rotation accumulator 7, has transferred the heat has warmed the area) from installation consisting of condenser 3, two temperature probes on entrance 17 and exit 18, fluxion switcher 18, recirculation pump 19, buffer 24, valve boiler 22, safety valve 21, expansion container 20 and manometer 25. '5

14. The invention "Pump for exchange of heat using heat capacity of the earth system for climatization, comprises installation of the geothermal heat pump used in the process of refrigeration with direct expansion circuit is characterized by The medium that exits from the heat exchanger 28, through distribution valve 6, flows to the condenser 2, and then in the evaporator 3 through collective container 12 and its installation having water flow regulator 10 and temperature probe 27.

15. The invention from the Patent claim 14 wherein medium moves through evaporator 3, through the distribution valve 6 and rotational accumulator 7, the medium again flows back into compressor 1 , after the cycle repeats again while through stopper for high pressure 13 the water flow in evaporator 3 is controlled.

16. The invention from the Patent claim 14 wherein the system is in a possession of two expansion valves in two secondary circuits of the collecting container. One circuit consist of collecting container 12, electro magnetic valve 8, expansion valve 4 and particular nonreturn valve and the second circuit which is secondary circuit with expansion valve 4, whereupon the part of the medium flows to the previous secondary circuit from where it can go to the compressor circuit, and other part circulates in the circuit of the collecting container.