WO2008144838A1 - Procédé de traitement d'un résidu d'un procédé de bayer - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement d'un résidu d'un procédé de bayer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008144838A1
WO2008144838A1 PCT/AU2008/000776 AU2008000776W WO2008144838A1 WO 2008144838 A1 WO2008144838 A1 WO 2008144838A1 AU 2008000776 W AU2008000776 W AU 2008000776W WO 2008144838 A1 WO2008144838 A1 WO 2008144838A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
residue
remainder
cavitation
target substance
separation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2008/000776
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Anthony Francis Collings
Original Assignee
Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2007902927A external-priority patent/AU2007902927A0/en
Application filed by Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation filed Critical Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
Publication of WO2008144838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008144838A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
    • C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
    • C01F7/066—Treatment of the separated residue
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/008—Processes for carrying out reactions under cavitation conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
    • C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
    • C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
    • C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C01G49/06—Ferric oxide [Fe2O3]

Definitions

  • a method for treating residue from a Bayer process is disclosed.
  • the method can be applied to the removal of a target particulate substance that is distributed within the residue, for example iron, aluminium or other metals. It is to be appreciated that the method has broader use for the removal of contaminants which sometimes are associated with a mineral particle and which need to be removed before the mineral particle can be separated effectively.
  • Red mud is notoriously difficult to process, move or sediment because of the stable and persistent clay gel that forms therewithin.
  • Clay suspensions are, or can be, rheopectic (ie. their viscosity increases with time as gelation proceeds). Gelation of clays is usually described by the "house of cards" model.
  • the primary clay particle is a plate or lath (see Figure 3a). As clay is suspended in water, the clay laths form a charge-stabilised colloid, with the platelet edges having small, localised positive charges and the platelet faces accumulating negative charges. Initially the negatively- charged faces repel one another and the colloidal suspension is stable.
  • a method for treating residue from a Bayer process comprising the steps of: subjecting the residue to cavitation whereby at least a portion of the target substance is freed from the remainder; and subsequently - subjecting the residue to a separation step to separate and remove the target substance from the remainder.
  • the method can also be used to treat target substances in the mixture for later separation and removal such as a mineral particle of some value, or even a contaminant which is sometimes associated with a mineral particle and needs to be removed before the mineral particle can be separated effectively. Cavitation can effectively release particles from an initial, bound situation.
  • the target substance can be held by inter-particle forces within the remainder.
  • the target particulate substance can be held within the remainder by a gel network.
  • the remainder can be a gangue matrix.
  • the separation step occurs within a specific time interval after the cavitation step.
  • the gel network or gangue matrix may reform after a specific time interval and the target substance may then no longer be free for removal.
  • the separation step may be magnetic separation.
  • the magnetic separation may be wet high intensity magnetic separation (WHIMS).
  • WIMS wet high intensity magnetic separation
  • magnetically-enhanced gravity separation can also be employed.
  • the cavitation can be effected by ultrasound. Ultrasound can provide for localised high temperatures and pressures, and the impact of the bubble collapse on the particulates can be sufficient to overcome platelet adhesive forces and perhaps also to split some larger gangue particles, such as clay.
  • the cavitation process may be effected by an ultrasonic treatment process using ultrasonic source equipment such as ultrasonic plates or probes located in a suitably arranged chamber.
  • apparatus that includes the ultrasonic source equipment can effect the method by being arranged for the passage of a flow of Bayer process residue through the apparatus so that in use the flow moves past the cavitation source, hi one form of ultrasonic treatment, the intensity of ultrasonic power used may exceed 100 Watts per square centimetre, hi another form, the ultrasonic power per unit per volume used may be in the range of about 4 to 10 kilowatts per litre.
  • the residue can be initially present in a solid and liquid mixture.
  • the method can also include the step of mixing the residue with a liquid to vary the pulp density of the resultant slurry. In one form of this arrangement, the step of varying the pulp density may be arranged to dilute the residue prior to cavitation.
  • the method can also include the step of mixing the Bayer process residue whereby the solid component is substantially suspended in the liquid component to increase exposure of the mixture to cavitation.
  • the appropriate agitation of a solid and liquid mixture can cause a thinning of lamellar boundary layers and provide particulate surface cleaning, so as to increase the effectiveness of cavitation and freeing of the target substance from the remainder.
  • the pulp density of the residue can be around 30 weight % in water.
  • the method can also include heating of the residue prior to the separation step, hi one form of this, the temperature to which the residue is heated may be less than 80 0 C.
  • the residue can be a red mud, and in other arrangements the red mud can be blended with other solids.
  • the target substance can be one or more of the group comprising: iron oxide such as hematite or goethite, a soda and aluminium rich stream, silica, lime and titanium.
  • the freeing of the target substance from the remainder can occur at or near a surface of the target substance particles.
  • Figure 1 shows a sound wave propagating through a liquid as a series of rarefactions and compressions
  • Figure 2a shows how bubbles which form at the solid-liquid interface are distorted and the collapse of the bubble generates a high speed jet, the evolution of which is shown in a series of time steps;
  • Figure 2b shows photographic confirmation of the drawings given in Figure 2a;
  • Figure 3a shows a primary clay particle or lath, the clay laths forming a charge- stabilised colloid with the platelets having small, localised positive charges and the platelet faces accumulating negative charges;
  • Figure 3b shows how, in the presence of an electrolyte and over time, the interactions between the positive double layers at the platelet edges and the negatively charged double layers on the platelet faces of the laths shown in Figure 3 a will dominate, and a so-called 'house of cards' gel structure forms;
  • Figure 4 shows some experimental results for the reciprocal relationship between ultrasonic power and the diameter of fine gangue particles separated from minerals when using high power ultrasonics (the Dejaguin approximation);
  • Figure 5 shows an experimental apparatus for treating a residue from a Bayer process for the step of subjecting the residue to cavitation, in accordance with the method
  • Figure 6 shows an experimental apparatus for treating a residue from a Bayer process following the step of subjecting the residue to cavitation, in accordance with the method.
  • the apparatus shown is a wet high intensity magnetic separator (WHIMS).
  • An exemplary process will now be described for treating a Bayer process residue to free a portion of a target substance, followed by the step of subjecting the residue to a separation step to remove the target substance.
  • the process is aimed at: (i) minimising the volume of waste generated in the Bayer process, and (ii) producing an iron-rich fraction suitable for pig iron production.
  • the physics of high power ultrasonic treatment involves the process of cavitation, caused by the nucleation, growth and subsequent collapse of bubbles in a liquid through which a mechanical wave is propagated.
  • a sound wave propagating through a liquid does so as a series of rarefactions and compressions. If the pressure in the rarefaction is sufficiently low, bubbles of gas form as a consequence of one or any of three mechanisms.
  • the vapour pressure of the liquid may exceed that in the liquid; dissolved gas is released by the reduction in pressure; the tensile strength of the liquid is exceeded and the molecules are essentially pulled apart creating voids.
  • These bubbles grow in successive cycles until a critical diameter is reached and they implode violently generating high temperatures and pressures, perhaps more than 5000 K and 2000 atmospheres respectively.
  • high power ultrasonics is effective in two problem areas of processing red mud, the clay rheology and the separation of clay and ore particles.
  • the propagation of high power ultrasonic waves through a slurry together with the chaotic cavitation process generates massive inter-particle forces which rupture the gel network and reduce the viscosity by orders of magnitude.
  • the cavitation step can operate to release a target substance that is adsorbed into the pores of the solid residue particles or onto the outer surface thereof, perhaps even in a gangue matrix.
  • Other particles such as iron oxide can now move freely in the suspension, and separation processes such as magnetic filtration can be effected.
  • the Bayer process residue being treated is usually made up of particulate solids suspended in the liquid, for example in the range of about 5%-50% w/w solids, although the mixture can even be in the form of a thicker slurry or even a paste.
  • the experimental procedure includes the step of subjecting the residue to cavitation so that at least a portion of a target substance is freed from the remainder of the red mud.
  • the cavitation is achieved using ultrasound, although other cavitation processes are applicable, for example high shear mixing.
  • Example 1 The experimental apparatus used is shown in Figure 5.
  • Sonicator (cell disruptor) 3 was used, powered by a power supply 1 and equipped with a 12.5-mm diameter, high intensity ultrasonic horn tip 4, which delivered up to approximately 160 W of power, at a frequency of 20 kHz.
  • the power used was measured by a power meter 2.
  • the piezoelectric transducer 3 and the tip 4 were coupled to the uppermost end of an elongate glass tube reactor 5 of circular cross- section.
  • the slurry of Bayer process residue was pumped through a closed circuit using a peristaltic pump and controller 6.
  • the zone located below the ultrasonic tip (where the arrow 5 points) is called the reaction zone, where the highest cavitation activity takes place.
  • the reactor 5 was designed to ensure a uniform slurry flow throughout its whole length and through the reaction zone, with the slurry flowing into the reactor 5 via a portal 10 at the base, upward through the reaction zone towards the horn tip 4, and then out of the reactor 5 via the side exit portal 12.
  • the lower portion 5 A of the reactor had a narrower inner diameter compared to the upper portion 5B of the reactor which houses the tip 4.
  • the annular cross-sectional area around the tip 4 through which slurry can flow is approximately the same as the cross-sectional area of the lower portion 5 A of the reactor 5.
  • the Bayer process residue was irradiated by ultrasound for various effective residence times in the reactor 5. Control samples (not sonicated) were recirculated through the system during a 5 minute period. Test samples were subjected to sonication for 5 minutes to ensure that the slurry had heated to some 6O 0 C or more after which it was transferred to the WHIMS. It was established that this had to be done without allowing the slurry to cool down.
  • the WHIMS apparatus employed is shown in Figure 6.
  • the filter box was 150 x 10 x 50 mm in size and was initially packed with approximately 7g of steel wool and later with 2 mm diameter chrome-plated steel balls.
  • the magnetic field strength was 14 kG. Separation of the dark coloured Fe 2 O 3 particles was readily observed as the slurry was transferred to the WHIMS. It was noted that other separation techniques (such as gravity separation) might also be effective.
  • Example 2 Use of magnetically-enhanced gravity separation for the red mud 5 waste
  • a second option was investigated for the separation of the haematite fraction from the red mud waste. This was provided by a magnetic riffle plate where a lower intensity magnetic field served to increase the gravitational effect in the riffle plate and the sedimentation of the heavier iron fraction.
  • the density of haematite was noted to 0 range from 4.9 to 5.3 compared with approximately 3 for the clay fraction. Where a high intensity magnetic field was employed, there was the possibility of a small iron oxide (and therefore magnetic) particle strongly adhered to a larger clay particle being included in the iron fraction.
  • sample Bayer process residues were mixed by means of an impeller or similar stirring device in a mixing vessel such as a baffled tank to cause the slurry to become substantially suspended as well as to scour or clean the exposed solid surfaces by abrasion etc. With sufficient intensity, such stirring was itself observed to create cavitation in the slurry. Stirring can maximise the exposure of the particle surfaces in the mixture to an external cavitation source. It is also possible that a Bayer process residue can be stirred simultaneously with application of cavitation, or as separate steps.
  • the source of the cavitation is typically ultrasound from any suitable device that can be used to deliver sound waves of sufficient power and intensity, typically an ultrasonic bath, plate, probe source, or flow-through cell or other chamber, hi other embodiments, it may also be possible to use a fluidised bed or some other form of specific gravity separation technique in conjunction with WHIMS.
  • the cavitation step was suitable for treating a Bayer process residue to break the gel structure or release a target substance so that a separation step can then properly operate.
  • Such a two-step treatment arrangement allowed a superior recovery concentration of a target substance than would otherwise be possible. If a separation process was directly applied to a Bayer process residue with a high degree of gelation or aggregation of fine gangue, the separation step may not work at all, or be ineffective within a reasonable time period.
  • the method can be used for: (i) on-line processing of red mud slurry at the end of the Bayer process and (ii) re-slurrying and treatment of dry red mud residue using sea water, having already shown that the latter is practicable.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour traiter un résidu d'un procédé de BAYER où le résidu comprend une substance particulaire cible distribuée dans un reste du résidu. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à soumettre le résidu à une cavitation, ce par quoi au moins une partie de la substance cible est libérée du reste. Ultérieurement, le résidu est amené à passer une étape de séparation pour séparer et éliminer la substance cible du reste. La cavitation peut être provoquée par un appareil ultrasonore haute puissance et la séparation peut être effectuée par un séparateur magnétique d'intensité élevée par voie humide (WHIM) pour séparer un composant riche en fer.
PCT/AU2008/000776 2007-05-31 2008-05-30 Procédé de traitement d'un résidu d'un procédé de bayer WO2008144838A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2007902927A AU2007902927A0 (en) 2007-05-31 Method for treating residue from a bayer process
AU2007902927 2007-05-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008144838A1 true WO2008144838A1 (fr) 2008-12-04

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101928028A (zh) * 2010-08-27 2010-12-29 中国铝业股份有限公司 一种混联法生产氧化铝的方法
WO2014044233A1 (fr) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-27 Vysoké učeni technické v Brně Procédé de préparation de poudres magnétiquement conductrices et dispositif de mise en œuvre du procédé
EP2836462A2 (fr) * 2012-04-12 2015-02-18 KRSYS GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour l'obtention de matières valorisables à partir d'un résidu de bauxite
CN104768874A (zh) * 2012-04-12 2015-07-08 科瑞瑟斯有限公司 从铝土矿残留物中获得有价值物质的方法和装置
WO2017072793A1 (fr) * 2015-10-27 2017-05-04 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Composition anodique pour des applications de batteries li-ion améliorées et son extraction à partir de boues rouges
CN109019646A (zh) * 2018-08-28 2018-12-18 太原理工大学 一种利用煤矸石制备铝溶胶的方法
CN109626849A (zh) * 2019-02-01 2019-04-16 东北大学 一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法
CN109647859A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-19 肇庆市珈旺环境技术研究院 一种垃圾焚烧飞灰中铅、铬的固化/稳定化材料及其固化方法
CN110256028A (zh) * 2019-06-13 2019-09-20 山东大学 一种煤矸石基矿山胶结充填材料及制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005040042A1 (fr) * 2003-10-22 2005-05-06 Comalco Aluminium Limited Destruction de composes organiques dans des flux utilises dans le procede bayer
WO2005085136A1 (fr) * 2004-03-06 2005-09-15 Accentus Plc Retrait de l'oxalate de sodium d'une liqueur bayer
WO2005123589A1 (fr) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-29 Accentus Plc Precipitation de gibbsite a partir de la liqueur bayer
WO2006003470A1 (fr) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Accentus Plc Precipitation de silice au cours d'un procede bayer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005040042A1 (fr) * 2003-10-22 2005-05-06 Comalco Aluminium Limited Destruction de composes organiques dans des flux utilises dans le procede bayer
WO2005085136A1 (fr) * 2004-03-06 2005-09-15 Accentus Plc Retrait de l'oxalate de sodium d'une liqueur bayer
WO2005123589A1 (fr) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-29 Accentus Plc Precipitation de gibbsite a partir de la liqueur bayer
WO2006003470A1 (fr) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-12 Accentus Plc Precipitation de silice au cours d'un procede bayer

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101928028A (zh) * 2010-08-27 2010-12-29 中国铝业股份有限公司 一种混联法生产氧化铝的方法
US9802832B2 (en) * 2012-04-12 2017-10-31 Krsys Gmbh Process and apparatus for obtaining material of value from a bauxite residue
EP2836462A2 (fr) * 2012-04-12 2015-02-18 KRSYS GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour l'obtention de matières valorisables à partir d'un résidu de bauxite
CN104768874A (zh) * 2012-04-12 2015-07-08 科瑞瑟斯有限公司 从铝土矿残留物中获得有价值物质的方法和装置
US20150360966A1 (en) * 2012-04-12 2015-12-17 Krsys Gmbh Process and apparatus for obtaining material of value from a bauxite residue
CN112551537A (zh) * 2012-04-12 2021-03-26 欧洲大西洋资本有限责任公司 从铝土矿残留物中获得有价值物质的方法和装置
EP2836462B1 (fr) * 2012-04-12 2021-10-20 EuroAtlantic Capital LLC Procédé et dispositif pour l'obtention de matières valorisables à partir d'un résidu de bauxite
WO2014044233A1 (fr) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-27 Vysoké učeni technické v Brně Procédé de préparation de poudres magnétiquement conductrices et dispositif de mise en œuvre du procédé
US9925590B2 (en) 2012-09-19 2018-03-27 Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Brne Method of preparation of magnetically conductive powders by cavitation and device to carry out the method
WO2017072793A1 (fr) * 2015-10-27 2017-05-04 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Composition anodique pour des applications de batteries li-ion améliorées et son extraction à partir de boues rouges
CN109019646A (zh) * 2018-08-28 2018-12-18 太原理工大学 一种利用煤矸石制备铝溶胶的方法
CN109647859A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-19 肇庆市珈旺环境技术研究院 一种垃圾焚烧飞灰中铅、铬的固化/稳定化材料及其固化方法
CN109626849A (zh) * 2019-02-01 2019-04-16 东北大学 一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法
CN110256028A (zh) * 2019-06-13 2019-09-20 山东大学 一种煤矸石基矿山胶结充填材料及制备方法

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