WO2008132388A1 - Injector injecting a hollow jet of liquid fuel - Google Patents

Injector injecting a hollow jet of liquid fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008132388A1
WO2008132388A1 PCT/FR2008/050492 FR2008050492W WO2008132388A1 WO 2008132388 A1 WO2008132388 A1 WO 2008132388A1 FR 2008050492 W FR2008050492 W FR 2008050492W WO 2008132388 A1 WO2008132388 A1 WO 2008132388A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid fuel
injector
supply duct
nozzle
channels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2008/050492
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrice Rouchy
Joseph Vernaz
Laurent Garnier
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Emballage
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Emballage, Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Emballage
Priority to MX2009010318A priority Critical patent/MX2009010318A/en
Priority to PL08775732T priority patent/PL2126470T3/en
Priority to CN200880009965XA priority patent/CN101680654B/en
Priority to UAA200910734A priority patent/UA97977C2/en
Priority to EP08775732A priority patent/EP2126470B1/en
Priority to BRPI0809072-6A priority patent/BRPI0809072B1/en
Priority to JP2010500329A priority patent/JP5603230B2/en
Priority to AT08775732T priority patent/ATE473397T1/en
Priority to DE602008001722T priority patent/DE602008001722D1/en
Priority to US12/593,488 priority patent/US20100112498A1/en
Priority to EA200970888A priority patent/EA015872B1/en
Publication of WO2008132388A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008132388A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/106—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting at the burner outlet
    • F23D11/107—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting at the burner outlet at least one of both being subjected to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11101—Pulverising gas flow impinging on fuel from pre-filming surface, e.g. lip atomizers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a combustion device in which the fuel supply is provided by at least one injector.
  • the invention will be more particularly described for use in the melting of glass in glassmaking furnaces, in particular furnaces for the manufacture of float-type flat glass or ovens for the manufacture of hollow packaging glass, for example ovens. operating in inversion of the type of those using regenerators (energy recovery) but it is not limited to such applications.
  • NOx has a detrimental effect on both human beings and the environment.
  • NO 2 is an irritant gas at the source of respiratory diseases.
  • they can gradually form acid rain.
  • NOx are responsible for the formation of so-called tropospheric ozone whose increase in concentration at low altitude becomes harmful to the environment. being human, especially in times of high heat.
  • NOx grows exponentially, excess air since the NOx concentration depends on the square root of that of oxygen or the concentration of N 2 .
  • a first technique consists in involving a reducing agent on the gases emitted so that the NOx are converted into nitrogen.
  • This reducing agent may be ammonia but this induces disadvantages such as the difficulty of storing and handling such a product.
  • a natural gas as a reducing agent, but this is done to the detriment of the consumption of the furnace and increases the CO2 emissions.
  • the presence of reducing gases in certain parts of the furnace such as the regenerators can also cause accelerated corrosion of the refractories of these zones.
  • a first category is to reduce the formation of NOx using the technique known as "reburning" by which one creates a defective air zone at the combustion chamber of a furnace.
  • This technique has the disadvantage of increasing the temperature at the regenerator stack and, where appropriate, to provide a specific design of the regenerators and their stacks, particularly in terms of sealing and resistance to corrosion;
  • a second category consists in acting on the flame by reducing or even preventing the formation of NOx at its level. For this, one can for example seek to reduce the excess combustion air. It is also possible to seek to limit the temperature peaks by maintaining the flame length, and to increase the volume of the flame front to reduce the average temperature within the flame. Such a solution is for example described in US6047565 and WO9802386. It consists of a combustion process for the melting of the glass, in which the fuel supply and the fuel supply both take place in such a way as to spread the fuel / oxidizer contact over time and / or to increase the volume. contact to reduce NOx emissions.
  • an injector is dedicated to the propulsion of fuel, the latter being intended to be burned by an oxidizer.
  • the injector may be part of a burner, the term burner generally designating the device comprising both the supply of fuel and that of oxidizer.
  • EP921349 (or US6244524) has proposed for the purpose of reducing
  • a burner equipped with at least one injector comprising a liquid fuel supply line, of the fuel type, and a spray fluid supply duct arranged concentrically with respect to said liquid fuel supply duct, said liquid fuel feed duct comprising an element pierced with oblique channels to put the liquid fuel in the form of a hollow jet substantially conforming to the inner wall, the generatrix of each of said channels forming an angle of at least 10 °, in particular between 15 and 30 °, preferably 20 °, with the supply direction of the liquid fuel.
  • the object of the invention is to further reduce NOx from what can be done based on EP921349 (or US6244524). It has indeed been found that the reduction of the angle of the oblique channels with respect to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel makes it possible directly to lengthen the flame produced, to improve the homogeneity of the flame temperature and to reduce the NOx.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an oven and a combustion method, suitable for all configurations of molten mineral glass preparation, which make it possible to obtain an optimal heat transfer, in particular by providing a flame of adequate length and large enough to promote maximum coverage of the glass bath and vitrifiable melt.
  • the injector according to the invention can be used in any type of glass furnace such as loop furnaces and furnaces with transverse burners, they can be equipped with regenerators or recuperators.
  • the invention relates to a liquid fuel atomizer injector comprising a liquid fuel feed duct and a spray fluid supply duct, said liquid fuel supply duct comprising an element pierced with oblique channels for putting said fuel in the form of a jet hollow in rotation before ejection out of said injector, the generatrix of each of said channels forming an angle of less than 10 ° with the supply direction of the liquid fuel.
  • the injector comprises a liquid fuel supply duct, in particular of the fuel oil type, and a spray fluid supply duct arranged generally concentrically around the liquid fuel supply duct, said liquid fuel supply duct comprising the element pierced with oblique channels to put the liquid fuel in the form of a hollow jet substantially conforming to the inner wall, the generatrix of each of said channels forming an angle of less than 10 ° with the supply direction of the liquid fuel.
  • the liquid fuel and the sputtering fluid both open through an outer face of the injector.
  • the spray fluid exits through a concentric orifice around that of ejection of the liquid fuel. It is advantageous for the external face of the liquid fuel supply duct and the external face of the injector to be in the same plane.
  • the liquid fuel feed duct may also end with a nozzle for ejecting the liquid fuel through its outer face.
  • the outer face of the liquid fuel supply duct is the outer face of the nozzle.
  • the spray fluid supply duct may terminate in a block pierced with an orifice ejecting the spray fluid, at least a portion of the nozzle inserted in said block, the outer face (end portion) of the nozzle being aligned in the plane defined by the outer face of the block (devoid of contact with the spray fluid) and on which opens the orifice.
  • the external face of the injector here corresponds to the addition of the outer faces of the nozzle and the outer face of the block.
  • the outer face of the supply duct liquid fuel is here the outer face of the nozzle, since the liquid fuel supply conduit ends with a nozzle.
  • the liquid fuel can be ejected with a driving power pressure of at least 1.2 MPa.
  • the liquid fuel is ejected at a temperature of between 100 and 150 ° C., more preferably between 120 and 140 ° C.
  • This viscosity can advantageously be at least equal to 5.10 "6 m 2 / s, especially between 10 ⁇ 5 and 2.10 " 5 m 2 / s.
  • the angle of the ejection opening cone of the liquid fuel is correlated with the angle made by the oblique channels in the element to put the liquid fuel in the form of a hollow jet with the direction of supply of liquid fuel.
  • the liquid fuel is ejected according to a cone with an opening angle of less than 10 °, in particular between 3 ° and 8 °.
  • An opening angle of about 5 ° is particularly well suited.
  • Such values make it possible, independently of the geometry of the liquid fuel supply duct and its dimensioning, not only to systematically have an interference between the jet of spray fluid and the droplets of liquid fuel, which interference is necessary in the context of the invention, but also a dispersion of the size of these same droplets so that the resulting flame is homogeneous in temperature over its entire length.
  • the spraying fluid it is ejected, very advantageously at a flow rate of at most 70 Nm 3 / h, generally between 30 and 60 Nm 3 / h.
  • the value of the flow of the spraying fluid is correlated with that of the pressure of the same fluid, which pressure must be limited to the maximum.
  • the liquid fuel supply duct may comprise a cylindrical tube and a nozzle.
  • the nozzle may be fixed, in particular by screwing, at the end of the cylindrical tube.
  • a geometry of the nozzle particularly adapted to the injector according to the invention is such that it comprises a frustoconical gyration chamber extended by a tip whose inner wall is cylindrical.
  • the liquid fuel flow is hollow as soon as it is rotated, that is to say as soon as it leaves the element pierced with oblique channels, and until expelled from the injector, that is, its droplet spraying.
  • the apex angle teta of the gyration chamber is at least 30 °, preferably between 55 and 65 °, in particular 60 °, which makes it possible to minimize the pressure losses of the fuel. flowing liquid.
  • the element responsible for forming the hollow jet rotating liquid fuel substantially closes the liquid fuel feed conduit and is pierced with channels, in particular cylindrical, oblique with respect to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel.
  • This element gives the liquid fuel a rotating flow enabling it to take the form of a hollow jet and gives it a level of mechanical energy that is high enough for it to be sprayed at the outlet of its supply conduit under the Droplet shape with optimal size dispersion.
  • the channels may advantageously be uniformly distributed over the circumference of the element.
  • This element is shaped to allow its insertion into the liquid fuel supply duct and may for example be a cylinder, preferably two sides substantially parallel to each other (pellet-shaped). These faces are by Elsewhere oriented preferentially in a direction perpendicular to the supply direction of the liquid fuel.
  • the element comprising the channels may therefore in particular have a cylindrical shape whose axis corresponds to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel.
  • the orientation of each of the channels is chosen so that their generatrix makes an alpha angle of less than 10 °, and even less than 8 °, or even less than 6 °, especially about 5 ° with the supply direction of liquid fuel.
  • the orientation of each of the channels is chosen so that their generator makes an alpha angle of more than 2 °, or even more than 3 °, or even more than 4 ° with the direction of fuel supply liquid.
  • each channel is defined in particular by an orifice on each side of the element, that is to say by two orifices per channel.
  • the center of the orifices of all the channels located on one side of the element are regularly distributed on a circle whose center corresponds to the axis of the element and the injector.
  • the radius R of these two circles may be identical.
  • R can range from 2.5 to 4.5 mm. If S represents the area of all the channels included in the element, then it is preferred to choose the S / R ratio ranging from 6 to 13 mm.
  • the element can be mounted, upstream of the nozzle, in a sealed manner in the liquid fuel feed duct, preferably against the turning chamber.
  • downstream and upstream must be understood by reference to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel.
  • the spray fluid supply duct preferably comprises at least one cylindrical tube at the end of which is fixed, preferably by screwing, a block pierced with an orifice in which at least a portion of the nozzle according to the invention is inserted.
  • the orifice of the block and the outer wall of the portion of the nozzle which fits into it are arranged concentrically.
  • This preferred arrangement can also be obtained by the aforementioned screwing capable of ensuring the self-centering of the elements described above, namely the orifice of the block relative to the part of the nozzle which fits into it.
  • This concentricity is advantageous insofar as in its absence there is a risk of formation of very large droplets of the liquid fuel, of the fuel type, at the periphery of the hollow jet, which can lead to a poor combustion with a particular risk of increase in the threshold of appearance of carbon monoxide.
  • the outer face (end portion) of the nozzle is aligned in the plane defined by the outer face of the block, that is to say that devoid of contact with the spray fluid, and on which opens the orifice.
  • incorrect alignment involves a modification of the aerodynamics of the liquid fuel and of the spray fluid at their outlet from their respective supply duct.
  • the injector according to the invention which has just been described is mounted in a sealed manner in a block of refractory material by means of a sealing device comprising a plate provided with cooling fins.
  • a sealing device comprising a plate provided with cooling fins.
  • the injector according to the invention can be fixed on an adjustable support, a ventilation nozzle being directed towards the downstream end of the injector, more particularly towards the aforementioned plate.
  • the support is preferably adjustable in inclination, azimuth and translation in particular to come to rest on the plate of the sealing device.
  • the ventilation nozzle meanwhile, blows air, which avoids excessive overheating locally at the downstream end of the injector.
  • the liquid fuel supply duct may comprise at least one diffuser.
  • the liquid fuel used in the context of the invention is a liquid fossil fuel commonly used in combustion devices for heating vitrifiable materials in a glass furnace. It may for example be heavy fuel oil.
  • the spraying fluid is, likewise, that found in the usual manner on current installations and used to spray the aforementioned liquid fuel. This can for example be air (called in this case primary air as opposed to the secondary air that serves as the main oxidant). It can also be natural gas, oxygen (in the case of oxyfuel combustion) or steam.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to heavy fuel type fuels and it allows to circulate very large flows (500 to 600 kg / h) of this type of fuel on a single injector according to the invention.
  • the flow rate of liquid fuel in the injector is to be determined from the type of furnace on which it is desired to install it, its operating parameters such as pulling, as well as the nature of the liquid fuel used. These values can be established without difficulty by those skilled in the art who can in particular establish abacuses by carrying out tests. Those skilled in the art will also take care to choose a state of neat surface, respectively of the gyration chamber, the channels, and the tip of the internal walls, so as to ensure a minimum of pressure losses due to rubbing liquid fuel sweeping these same elements at high speed.
  • the injector according to the invention generates little NOx in the combustion chamber, for example an oven, its operation is ensured with a low spray fluid flow, which makes possible a wide and flexible use of the oxidant and, therefore, in the end allows to obtain good results from the energy point of view.
  • the injector is generally integrated with a burner further comprising an oxidizer inlet.
  • This oxidizer may be air, air enriched with oxygen or pure oxygen.
  • the injector is placed under the arrival of oxidizer.
  • the air supply is provided by an opening of relatively large section, which can be between 0.5 and 3 m 2 , several injectors can be combined with each air intake.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of high quality glass including optical, such as float flat glass, or hollow glass.
  • optical such as float flat glass, or hollow glass.
  • the furnace equipped with the injector according to the invention emits little NOx, without fear of a reducing combustion which may be detrimental to the color of the glass.
  • the invention may especially advantageously complement the techniques described in US6047565 and WO9802386.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic partial sectional view of an injector according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents an element according to the invention pierced with channels putting the fuel in a hollow jet seen from the side in section (FIG. 2a) and seen from above (FIG. 2b).
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a wall of a glassware furnace comprising an injector according to FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partial sectional view of an injector 1 according to the invention.
  • This injector 1 is composed of two fluid feeds, namely respectively the supply duct for the liquid fuel 2 and that of the spraying fluid 3.
  • the supply ducts of the aforementioned liquid fuel and spray fluid are respectively connected, upstream of the flow of each of the two fluids, to a circuit from a source of liquid fuel and a spray fluid source not shown.
  • the liquid fuel supply duct 2 consists essentially of a cylindrical tube 21 at the end of which is screwed a nozzle 22.
  • the latter has at its downstream end a frustoconical gyration chamber 23 extended by a wall endpiece 24 25 cylindrical internal.
  • the teta apex angle of the turning chamber 23 is equal to 60 °.
  • a cylinder 4 sealingly mounted abutting against the swirl chamber 23.
  • This cylinder 4 is the pierced element of oblique channels putting the liquid fuel in the form of a jet hollow.
  • the cylinder 4 has channels 41 uniformly distributed over its circumference and has two faces 42, 43 parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel symbolized by the arrow f in Figure 1, direction also identical to that of supply of the spray fluid.
  • the channels 41 are cylindrical, their generatrix making an alpha angle of 5 ° with the supply direction mentioned above.
  • the spray fluid supply duct 3 for its part, consists essentially of a cylindrical tube 31 at the end of which is screwed a block 32 whose inner shoulder 33 abuts against the downstream end of the tube 31.
  • the block 32 is pierced with a hole 34 of shape allowing the nesting of a portion of the nozzle 22.
  • the block 32 also has on the side of the orifice 34 a projecting portion 35 which allows by screwing the block 32 on the cylindrical tube 31 to ensure a self-centering part of the outer wall 26 of the nozzle 24 inside the orifice 34.
  • Such an arrangement contributes to maintaining the aerodynamics of the two fluids at their outlet from their respective supply duct.
  • Figure 2 shows the cylinder 4 of Figure 1 in more detail, side view in section (Figure 2a) and top view ( Figure 2b). We see in the figure
  • the cylinder has 8 channels 20 whose centers are regularly distributed on a circle of radius R. It is shown in Figure 2b that the emerging orifice of these channels that is to say the orifice out at above the part, except for one of these channels for which the upper orifice 21 is drawn by a continuous circle and the lower orifice 22 is drawn by a dashed circle.
  • FIG. 2a shows the cylinder seen from the side, only the channel with the orifices 21 and 22 having been represented.
  • the axis of this channel forms an alpha angle with the axis of the cylinder itself which corresponds to the supply direction of the liquid fuel.
  • the angle alpha is less than 10 °.
  • FIG. 3 represents a vertical sectional view of a wall of a glassmaking furnace comprising an injector 5 according to FIG. 1.
  • the injector 5 comprises a support 6 that is adjustable in inclination, azimuth and in translation.
  • the injector 5 which abuts against the walls of a block 7 of refractory material, through a plate 8 provided with cooling fins.
  • the block 7 of refractory material is itself mounted in an opening of the wall of the furnace 9.
  • the injector 5 also comprises a ventilation nozzle 10 directed towards the aforementioned plate.
  • the liquid fuel, supplied via the cylindrical tube 21, is divided into as many individual jets as there are tangential channels 41.
  • the individual jets then arrive in the gyration chamber 23 by striking its walls, with a minimum of losses due to the fact that the value of the angle at the top teta equal to 60 °.
  • This centrifugation at the level of the gyration chamber contributes, downstream, so that the fuel follows a helical path in the form of a hollow jet conforming to the inner wall 25 of the nozzle 24.
  • the liquid fuel has thus acquired a maximum mechanical energy and, under the influence of the spraying fluid, it really bursts into very fine droplets whose size dispersion is optimal.
  • Such a dispersion makes the flame coming from the injector and once activated by the main oxidant, very homogeneous in temperature throughout its length.
  • Such a fuel spraying extends considerably more, for the same fuel flow, the flame compared to a spray that would be caused by the same injector 1 without cylinder 4.
  • the dimensioning of the cylinder 4 must be such that the filling is never performed and that we obtain, according to the invention, always a hollow jet substantially matching the inner wall.
  • the injector which has just been described is of simple and inexpensive design.
  • This burner has a power of 15 megawatts.
  • Each injector contains a fuel rotation element comprising 8 2.3 mm diameter holes whose axis forms an angle of 5 ° with respect to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel oil. The axes of these holes are arranged on a circle of 3.75 mm radius.
  • the total fuel oil flow (sum of flows feeding all injectors) was 2000 kg / h.
  • the NOx measured in the fumes was 550 mg per Nm 3 .
  • Example 2 The procedure is as for Example 1 except that the holes had an axis forming an angle of 20 ° with respect to the supply direction of the liquid fuel oil.
  • NOx measured in fumes was 800 mg per Nm 3 .

Abstract

The invention relates to an injector for spraying liquid fuel, comprising a liquid fuel supply duct and an atomization-fluid supply duct, said liquid fuel supply duct comprising an element pierced with oblique passages to bring said fuel into the form of a swirling hollow jet before it is ejected from said ejector, the generatrix of each of said passages making an angle of less than 10° with the direction in which the liquid fuel is supplied. The injector is intended to form part of a burner, particularly to be fitted to glass-making furnaces. The injector allows an appreciable reduction in NOx.

Description

INJECTEUR A JET CREUX DE COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDE LIQUID FUEL HOLLOW JET INJECTOR
L'invention concerne un procédé et dispositif de combustion dans lequel l'alimentation en combustible est assurée par au moins un injecteur. L'invention sera plus particulièrement décrite pour une utilisation pour la fusion du verre dans les fours de verrerie, notamment les fours pour la fabrication de verre plat de type float ou les fours pour la fabrication de verre creux d'emballage, par exemple les fours fonctionnant en inversion du type de ceux utilisant des régénérateurs (récupérateurs d'énergie) mais elle n'est pas pour autant limitée à de telles applications.The invention relates to a method and a combustion device in which the fuel supply is provided by at least one injector. The invention will be more particularly described for use in the melting of glass in glassmaking furnaces, in particular furnaces for the manufacture of float-type flat glass or ovens for the manufacture of hollow packaging glass, for example ovens. operating in inversion of the type of those using regenerators (energy recovery) but it is not limited to such applications.
La plupart des procédés de combustion du type précité notamment ceux utilisés dans les fours de verrerie sont confrontés à des problèmes d'émission, non désirée de NOx dans les fumées de combustion.Most combustion processes of the above-mentioned type, especially those used in glass furnaces, are confronted with problems of unwanted emission of NOx in the flue gases.
Les NOx ont une influence néfaste à la fois sur l'être humain et sur l'environnement. En effet, d'une part le NO2 est un gaz irritant à la source des maladies respiratoires. D'autre part, au contact de l'atmosphère, ils peuvent former progressivement des pluies acides. Enfin, ils engendrent une pollution photochimique puisqu'en combinaison avec les composés organiques volatiles et le rayonnement solaire, les NOx sont à l'origine de la formation de l'ozone dite troposphérique dont l'augmentation de concentration à basse altitude devient nocive pour l'être humain, surtout en période de forte chaleur.NOx has a detrimental effect on both human beings and the environment. On the one hand, NO 2 is an irritant gas at the source of respiratory diseases. On the other hand, in contact with the atmosphere, they can gradually form acid rain. Finally, they generate photochemical pollution since in combination with volatile organic compounds and solar radiation, NOx are responsible for the formation of so-called tropospheric ozone whose increase in concentration at low altitude becomes harmful to the environment. being human, especially in times of high heat.
C'est pourquoi les normes en vigueur sur l'émission de NOx deviennent de plus en plus exigeantes. Du fait même de l'existence de ces normes, les fabricants et les exploitants de four, tels que ceux des fours verriers, se préoccupent, de manière constante, de limiter au maximum les émissions de NOx, de préférence à un taux inférieur à 800, voire inférieur à 600 mg par Nm3 de fumées.This is why the norms in force on the emission of NOx become more and more demanding. Owing to the existence of these standards, manufacturers and furnace operators, such as those in glass furnaces, are constantly concerned with minimizing NOx emissions, preferably at a rate below 800. or even less than 600 mg per Nm 3 of fumes.
Les paramètres qui influent sur la formation des NOx ont déjà été analysés.The parameters that influence the formation of NOx have already been analyzed.
Il s'agit essentiellement de la température, car au-delà de 13000C l'émission desThis is essentially temperature, because beyond 1300 0 C the emission of
NOx croît de manière exponentielle, de l'excès d'air puisque la concentration des NOx dépend de la racine carrée de celle de l'oxygène ou encore de la concentration en N2.NOx grows exponentially, excess air since the NOx concentration depends on the square root of that of oxygen or the concentration of N 2 .
De nombreuses techniques ont déjà été proposées pour réduire l'émission des NOx. Une première technique consiste à faire intervenir un agent réducteur sur les gaz émis afin que les NOx soient convertis en azote. Cet agent réducteur peut être de l'ammoniac mais cela induit des inconvénients tels que la difficulté de stocker et manipuler un tel produit. Il est également possible d'utiliser un gaz naturel comme agent réducteur, mais cela se fait au détriment de la consommation du four et augmente les émissions de CO2. La présence de gaz réducteurs dans certaines parties du four telles que les régénérateurs peut de plus provoquer une corrosion accélérée des réfractaires de ces zones.Many techniques have already been proposed to reduce the emission of NOx. A first technique consists in involving a reducing agent on the gases emitted so that the NOx are converted into nitrogen. This reducing agent may be ammonia but this induces disadvantages such as the difficulty of storing and handling such a product. It is also possible to use a natural gas as a reducing agent, but this is done to the detriment of the consumption of the furnace and increases the CO2 emissions. The presence of reducing gases in certain parts of the furnace such as the regenerators can also cause accelerated corrosion of the refractories of these zones.
Il est donc préférable, sans que cela soit obligatoire, de s'affranchir de cette technique en adoptant des mesures dites primaires. Ces mesures sont ainsi appelées car on ne cherche pas à détruire les NOx déjà formés, comme dans la technique décrite ci-dessus, mais plutôt à empêcher leur formation, par exemple au niveau de la flamme. Ces mesures sont en outre plus simples à mettre en œuvre et, par conséquent, plus économiques. Elles peuvent toutefois ne pas se substituer complètement à la technique précitée mais venir la compléter avantageusement. Ces mesures primaires constituent de toute façon un préalable indispensable pour diminuer la consommation de réactifs des mesures secondaires.It is therefore preferable, without being obligatory, to get rid of this technique by adopting so-called primary measures. These measures are so called because we do not seek to destroy NOx already formed, as in the technique described above, but rather to prevent their formation, for example at the flame. These measures are also simpler to implement and therefore more economical. They may however not completely replace the aforementioned technique but come to supplement it advantageously. These primary measures are in any case a prerequisite for reducing the consumption of reagents secondary measures.
On peut classer de manière non limitative les mesures existantes en plusieurs catégories :Existing measures can be categorized in a number of categories:
- une première catégorie consiste à réduire la formation de NOx à l'aide de la technique dite de "reburning" par laquelle on crée une zone en défaut d'air au niveau de la chambre de combustion d'un four. Cette technique présente l'inconvénient d'augmenter la température au niveau des empilages de régénérateurs et, le cas échéant, de prévoir une conception spécifique des régénérateurs et de leurs empilements, tout particulièrement en termes d'étanchéité et de résistance à la corrosion ;- A first category is to reduce the formation of NOx using the technique known as "reburning" by which one creates a defective air zone at the combustion chamber of a furnace. This technique has the disadvantage of increasing the temperature at the regenerator stack and, where appropriate, to provide a specific design of the regenerators and their stacks, particularly in terms of sealing and resistance to corrosion;
- une deuxième catégorie consiste à agir sur la flamme en réduisant voire empêchant la formation des NOx à son niveau. Pour cela, on peut par exemple chercher à réduire l'excès d'air de combustion. Il est également possible de chercher à limiter les pics de température en maintenant la longueur de flamme, et à augmenter le volume du front de flammes pour réduire la température moyenne au sein de la flamme. Une telle solution est par exemple décrite dans les US6047565 et WO9802386. Elle consiste en un procédé de combustion pour la fusion du verre, dans lequel l'alimentation en combustible et l'alimentation en carburant s'effectuent toutes deux de manière à étaler dans le temps le contact combustible/comburant et/ou à augmenter le volume de ce contact en vue de réduire l'émission des NOx.- A second category consists in acting on the flame by reducing or even preventing the formation of NOx at its level. For this, one can for example seek to reduce the excess combustion air. It is also possible to seek to limit the temperature peaks by maintaining the flame length, and to increase the volume of the flame front to reduce the average temperature within the flame. Such a solution is for example described in US6047565 and WO9802386. It consists of a combustion process for the melting of the glass, in which the fuel supply and the fuel supply both take place in such a way as to spread the fuel / oxidizer contact over time and / or to increase the volume. contact to reduce NOx emissions.
Rappelons qu'un injecteur est dédié à la propulsion de combustible, ce dernier ayant vocation à être brûlé par un comburant. Ainsi, l'injecteur peut faire partie d'un brûleur, le terme brûleur désignant généralement le dispositif comprenant à la fois l'amenée de combustible et celle de comburant. Le EP921349 (ou US6244524) a proposé dans un but de réduction desRemember that an injector is dedicated to the propulsion of fuel, the latter being intended to be burned by an oxidizer. Thus, the injector may be part of a burner, the term burner generally designating the device comprising both the supply of fuel and that of oxidizer. EP921349 (or US6244524) has proposed for the purpose of reducing
NOx, un brûleur équipé d'au moins un injecteur, comportant un conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide, du type fioul, et un conduit d'amenée de fluide de pulvérisation disposé concentriquement par rapport audit conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide, ledit conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide comportant un élément percé de canaux obliques pour mettre le combustible liquide sous la forme d'un jet creux épousant substantiellement la paroi interne, la génératrice de chacun desdits canaux faisant un angle d'au moins 10°, notamment compris entre 15 et 30°, de préférence égal à 20°, avec la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide. Le but de l'invention est de réduire encore les NOx par rapport à ce qu'il est possible de faire sur la base du EP921349 (ou US6244524). On a en effet découvert que la réduction de l'angle des canaux obliques par rapport à la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide permettait directement d'allonger la flamme produite, de gagner en homogénéité de température de flamme et de réduire les NOx.NOx, a burner equipped with at least one injector, comprising a liquid fuel supply line, of the fuel type, and a spray fluid supply duct arranged concentrically with respect to said liquid fuel supply duct, said liquid fuel feed duct comprising an element pierced with oblique channels to put the liquid fuel in the form of a hollow jet substantially conforming to the inner wall, the generatrix of each of said channels forming an angle of at least 10 °, in particular between 15 and 30 °, preferably 20 °, with the supply direction of the liquid fuel. The object of the invention is to further reduce NOx from what can be done based on EP921349 (or US6244524). It has indeed been found that the reduction of the angle of the oblique channels with respect to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel makes it possible directly to lengthen the flame produced, to improve the homogeneity of the flame temperature and to reduce the NOx.
Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un four et un procédé de combustion, adaptés à toutes les configurations de préparation de verre minéral fondu, qui permettent d'obtenir un transfert thermique optimal, notamment en fournissant une flamme de longueur adéquate et de volume suffisamment important pour favoriser la couverture maximale du bain de verre et des matières vitrifiables en fusion. L'injecteur selon l'invention est utilisable dans tout type de four verrier comme les fours à boucle et les fours à brûleurs transversaux, ceux-ci pouvant être équipés de régénérateurs ou de récupérateurs.Another object of the invention is to provide an oven and a combustion method, suitable for all configurations of molten mineral glass preparation, which make it possible to obtain an optimal heat transfer, in particular by providing a flame of adequate length and large enough to promote maximum coverage of the glass bath and vitrifiable melt. The injector according to the invention can be used in any type of glass furnace such as loop furnaces and furnaces with transverse burners, they can be equipped with regenerators or recuperators.
L'invention concerne un injecteur de pulvérisation de combustible liquide comprenant un conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide et un conduit d'amenée de fluide de pulvérisation, ledit conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide comprenant un élément percé de canaux obliques pour mettre ledit combustible sous la forme d'un jet creux en rotation avant éjection hors dudit injecteur, la génératrice de chacun desdits canaux formant un angle de moins de 10° avec la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide.The invention relates to a liquid fuel atomizer injector comprising a liquid fuel feed duct and a spray fluid supply duct, said liquid fuel supply duct comprising an element pierced with oblique channels for putting said fuel in the form of a jet hollow in rotation before ejection out of said injector, the generatrix of each of said channels forming an angle of less than 10 ° with the supply direction of the liquid fuel.
L'injecteur comprendre un conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide, notamment du type fioul, et un conduit d'amenée de fluide de pulvérisation disposé généralement concentriquement autour du conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide, ledit conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide comprenant l'élément percé de canaux obliques pour mettre le combustible liquide sous la forme d'un jet creux épousant substantiellement la paroi interne, la génératrice de chacun desdits canaux faisant un angle de moins de 10° avec la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide.The injector comprises a liquid fuel supply duct, in particular of the fuel oil type, and a spray fluid supply duct arranged generally concentrically around the liquid fuel supply duct, said liquid fuel supply duct comprising the element pierced with oblique channels to put the liquid fuel in the form of a hollow jet substantially conforming to the inner wall, the generatrix of each of said channels forming an angle of less than 10 ° with the supply direction of the liquid fuel.
Le combustible liquide et le fluide de pulvérisation débouchent tous deux par une face externe de l'injecteur. Généralement, le fluide de pulvérisation sort par un orifice concentrique autour de celui d'éjection du combustible liquide. Il est avantageux que la face externe du conduit d'amenée du combustible liquide et la face externe de l'injecteur soient dans le même plan.The liquid fuel and the sputtering fluid both open through an outer face of the injector. Generally, the spray fluid exits through a concentric orifice around that of ejection of the liquid fuel. It is advantageous for the external face of the liquid fuel supply duct and the external face of the injector to be in the same plane.
Le conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide peut également se terminer par une buse pour éjecter le combustible liquide à travers sa face externe. Dans ce cas, la face externe du conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide est la face externe de la buse. Le conduit d'amenée de fluide de pulvérisation peut se terminer par un bloc percé d'un orifice éjectant le fluide de pulvérisation, au moins une partie de la buse s'insérant dans ledit bloc, la face externe (partie terminale) de la buse étant alignée dans le plan défini par la face externe du bloc (dépourvue de contact avec le fluide de pulvérisation) et sur laquelle débouche l'orifice. La face externe de l'injecteur correspond donc ici à l'addition des faces externes de la buse et de la face externe du bloc. La face externe du conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide est ici la face externe de la buse, puisque le conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide se termine par une buse.The liquid fuel feed duct may also end with a nozzle for ejecting the liquid fuel through its outer face. In this case, the outer face of the liquid fuel supply duct is the outer face of the nozzle. The spray fluid supply duct may terminate in a block pierced with an orifice ejecting the spray fluid, at least a portion of the nozzle inserted in said block, the outer face (end portion) of the nozzle being aligned in the plane defined by the outer face of the block (devoid of contact with the spray fluid) and on which opens the orifice. The external face of the injector here corresponds to the addition of the outer faces of the nozzle and the outer face of the block. The outer face of the supply duct liquid fuel is here the outer face of the nozzle, since the liquid fuel supply conduit ends with a nozzle.
En créant un écoulement du combustible liquide très spécifique juste avant qu'il ne débouche de son conduit d'amenée, on rend possible une pulvérisation mécanique efficace du combustible liquide par le fluide de pulvérisation à sa sortie du conduit, ce qui permet d'obtenir une hétérogénéité des gouttelettes de ce même combustible, et donc d'éviter que leur combustion ne se fasse avec une trop grande rapidité, source de formation des NOx. Par voie de conséquence, pour une température de flamme désirée, on peut se permettre d'amener peu de comburant en entrée, et donc, en racine de flamme, ce qui diminue encore les risques de formation des NOx.By creating a flow of very specific liquid fuel just before it opens out of its supply line, it makes possible an efficient mechanical spraying of the liquid fuel by the spraying fluid at its outlet from the conduit, which makes it possible to obtain a heterogeneity of the droplets of the same fuel, and thus to prevent their combustion is done too quickly, source of NOx formation. Consequently, for a desired flame temperature, it is possible to allow little input oxidizer, and therefore, flame root, which further reduces the risk of NOx formation.
Le combustible liquide peut être éjecté avec une pression motrice d'alimentation d'au moins 1 ,2 MPa.The liquid fuel can be ejected with a driving power pressure of at least 1.2 MPa.
De manière préférée, on éjecte le combustible liquide à une température comprise entre 100 et 1500C, de préférence encore entre 120 et 1400C.Preferably, the liquid fuel is ejected at a temperature of between 100 and 150 ° C., more preferably between 120 and 140 ° C.
Une telle gamme de températures permet d'amener n'importe quel type de combustible liquide utilisé dans les installations actuelles, en particulier les fours de verrerie, à la viscosité requise immédiatement avant qu'il ne soit éjecté de son conduit d'amenée. Cette viscosité peut de manière avantageuse être au moins égale à 5.10"6 m2/s, notamment comprise entre 10~5 et 2.10"5 m2/s.Such a range of temperatures makes it possible to bring any type of liquid fuel used in current installations, in particular glassmaking furnaces, to the required viscosity immediately before it is ejected from its supply duct. This viscosity can advantageously be at least equal to 5.10 "6 m 2 / s, especially between 10 ~ 5 and 2.10 " 5 m 2 / s.
On a découvert que l'angle du cône d'ouverture d'éjection du combustible liquide était corrélé avec l'angle que font les canaux obliques dans l'élément pour mettre le combustible liquide sous la forme d'un jet creux avec la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide. En conséquence, on éjecte le combustible liquide selon un cône d'angle d'ouverture de moins de 10°, notamment compris entre 3° et 8°. Un angle d'ouverture d'environ 5° est particulièrement bien adapté.It has been found that the angle of the ejection opening cone of the liquid fuel is correlated with the angle made by the oblique channels in the element to put the liquid fuel in the form of a hollow jet with the direction of supply of liquid fuel. As a result, the liquid fuel is ejected according to a cone with an opening angle of less than 10 °, in particular between 3 ° and 8 °. An opening angle of about 5 ° is particularly well suited.
De telles valeurs permettent, indépendamment de la géométrie du conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide et de son dimensionnement, non seulement d'avoir systématiquement une interférence entre le jet de fluide de pulvérisation et les gouttelettes de combustible liquide, interférence nécessaire dans le cadre de l'invention, mais également une dispersion de la taille de ces mêmes gouttelettes de façon à ce que la flamme résultante soit homogène en température sur toute sa longueur. Pour ce qui est du fluide de pulvérisation, on l'éjecte, de manière très avantageuse à un débit d'au plus 70 Nm3/h, généralement compris entre 30 et 60 Nm3/h.Such values make it possible, independently of the geometry of the liquid fuel supply duct and its dimensioning, not only to systematically have an interference between the jet of spray fluid and the droplets of liquid fuel, which interference is necessary in the context of the invention, but also a dispersion of the size of these same droplets so that the resulting flame is homogeneous in temperature over its entire length. As for the spraying fluid, it is ejected, very advantageously at a flow rate of at most 70 Nm 3 / h, generally between 30 and 60 Nm 3 / h.
La valeur du débit du fluide de pulvérisation est corrélée à celle de la pression de ce même fluide, pression qu'il y a lieu de limiter au maximum. En ayant une valeur de débit maximale telle que celle mentionnée ci-dessus, on parvient à obtenir une longueur de flamme suffisante pour toutes les configurations de four de verrerie existantes.The value of the flow of the spraying fluid is correlated with that of the pressure of the same fluid, which pressure must be limited to the maximum. By having a maximum flow rate value such as that mentioned above, it is possible to obtain a sufficient flame length for all existing glass furnace configurations.
Le conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide peut comprendre un tube cylindrique et une buse. La buse peut être fixée, notamment par vissage, au bout du tube cylindrique. Une géométrie de la buse particulièrement adaptée à l'injecteur selon l'invention est telle qu'elle comporte une chambre de giration de forme tronconique prolongée par un embout dont la paroi interne est cylindrique.The liquid fuel supply duct may comprise a cylindrical tube and a nozzle. The nozzle may be fixed, in particular by screwing, at the end of the cylindrical tube. A geometry of the nozzle particularly adapted to the injector according to the invention is such that it comprises a frustoconical gyration chamber extended by a tip whose inner wall is cylindrical.
En cours de fonctionnement, le flux de combustible liquide est creux dès sa mise en rotation, c'est-à-dire dès qu'il sort de l'élément percé de canaux obliques, et jusqu'à son expulsion de l'injecteur, c'est-à-dire sa pulvérisation en gouttelettes.During operation, the liquid fuel flow is hollow as soon as it is rotated, that is to say as soon as it leaves the element pierced with oblique channels, and until expelled from the injector, that is, its droplet spraying.
D'une manière particulièrement préférée, l'angle au sommet têta de la chambre de giration est d'au moins 30°, de préférence comprise entre 55 et 65°, notamment 60°, ce qui permet de minimiser les pertes de charge du combustible liquide en écoulement.In a particularly preferred manner, the apex angle teta of the gyration chamber is at least 30 °, preferably between 55 and 65 °, in particular 60 °, which makes it possible to minimize the pressure losses of the fuel. flowing liquid.
L'élément chargé de former le jet creux tournant de combustible liquide obture substantiellement le conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide et est percé de canaux, notamment cylindriques, obliques par rapport à la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide. Cet élément confère au combustible liquide un écoulement en rotation lui permettant de prendre la forme d'un jet creux et lui donne un niveau d'énergie mécanique suffisamment élevé pour qu'il puisse être pulvérisé à la sortie de son conduit d'amenée sous la forme de gouttelettes à la dispersion de taille optimale.The element responsible for forming the hollow jet rotating liquid fuel substantially closes the liquid fuel feed conduit and is pierced with channels, in particular cylindrical, oblique with respect to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel. This element gives the liquid fuel a rotating flow enabling it to take the form of a hollow jet and gives it a level of mechanical energy that is high enough for it to be sprayed at the outlet of its supply conduit under the Droplet shape with optimal size dispersion.
Les canaux peuvent être avantageusement uniformément répartis sur la circonférence de l'élément.The channels may advantageously be uniformly distributed over the circumference of the element.
Cet élément est de forme autorisant son insertion dans le conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide et peut par exemple être un cylindre, de préférence à deux faces sensiblement parallèles entre elles (en forme de pastille). Ces faces sont par ailleurs orientées préférentiellement dans une direction perpendiculaire à la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide. L'élément comprenant les canaux peut donc notamment avoir une forme cylindrique dont l'axe correspond à la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide. D'une manière plus avantageuse, l'orientation de chacun des canaux est choisie de telle sorte que leur génératrice fasse un angle alpha de moins de 10°, et même de moins de 8°, voire même de moins de 6°, notamment environ 5° avec la direction d'amenée de combustible liquide. Généralement, l'orientation de chacun des canaux est choisie de telle sorte que leur génératrice fasse un angle alpha de plus de 2°, voire même de plus de 3°, voire même de plus de 4° avec la direction d'amenée de combustible liquide.This element is shaped to allow its insertion into the liquid fuel supply duct and may for example be a cylinder, preferably two sides substantially parallel to each other (pellet-shaped). These faces are by Elsewhere oriented preferentially in a direction perpendicular to the supply direction of the liquid fuel. The element comprising the channels may therefore in particular have a cylindrical shape whose axis corresponds to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel. More advantageously, the orientation of each of the channels is chosen so that their generatrix makes an alpha angle of less than 10 °, and even less than 8 °, or even less than 6 °, especially about 5 ° with the supply direction of liquid fuel. Generally, the orientation of each of the channels is chosen so that their generator makes an alpha angle of more than 2 °, or even more than 3 °, or even more than 4 ° with the direction of fuel supply liquid.
Cette orientation particulière permet d'obtenir une synergie entre tous les jets "divisés" de combustible liquide à leur sortie des canaux correspondants de telle sorte que lorsqu'ils en sortent, ils concourent à la création, en aval, d'un jet creux unique épousant la paroi interne de tout conduit suivant l'élément comprenant les canaux (chambre de giration puis l'embout d'expulsion du combustible liquide).This particular orientation makes it possible to obtain a synergy between all the "divided" jets of liquid fuel at their exit from the corresponding channels so that when they leave it, they contribute to the creation, downstream, of a single hollow jet marrying the inner wall of any duct following the element comprising the channels (gyration chamber and the nozzle for expelling the liquid fuel).
Les canaux traversent l'élément et chaque canal se défini notamment par un orifice de chaque côté de l'élément, c'est-à-dire par deux orifices par canal. Généralement, le centre des orifices de tous les canaux situés d'un côté de l'élément sont répartis régulièrement sur un cercle dont le centre correspond à l'axe de l'élément et de l'injecteur. On peut donc ainsi définir deux cercles situés chacun de part et d'autre de l'élément. Généralement, le rayon R de ces deux cercles peut être identique. A titre d'exemple, R peut aller de 2,5 à 4,5 mm. Si S représente la surface de tous les canaux compris dans l'élément, alors on préfère choisir le rapport S/R allant de 6 à 13 mm.The channels pass through the element and each channel is defined in particular by an orifice on each side of the element, that is to say by two orifices per channel. Generally, the center of the orifices of all the channels located on one side of the element are regularly distributed on a circle whose center corresponds to the axis of the element and the injector. We can thus define two circles each located on either side of the element. Generally, the radius R of these two circles may be identical. For example, R can range from 2.5 to 4.5 mm. If S represents the area of all the channels included in the element, then it is preferred to choose the S / R ratio ranging from 6 to 13 mm.
Selon une caractéristique additionnelle, l'élément peut être monté, en amont de la buse, de manière étanche dans le conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide, de préférence contre la chambre de giration. Les termes "aval" et "amont" doivent être compris par référence à la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide.According to an additional characteristic, the element can be mounted, upstream of the nozzle, in a sealed manner in the liquid fuel feed duct, preferably against the turning chamber. The terms "downstream" and "upstream" must be understood by reference to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel.
En ce qui concerne le conduit d'amenée de fluide de pulvérisation, il comprend préférentiellement au moins un tube cylindrique au bout duquel est fixé, de préférence par vissage, un bloc percé d'un orifice dans lequel s'insère au moins une partie de la buse conforme à l'invention.As regards the spray fluid supply duct, it preferably comprises at least one cylindrical tube at the end of which is fixed, preferably by screwing, a block pierced with an orifice in which at least a portion of the nozzle according to the invention is inserted.
De préférence, l'orifice du bloc et la paroi externe de la partie de la buse qui s'insère dedans sont disposés de manière concentrique. Cette disposition préférée peut d'ailleurs être obtenue par le vissage précité susceptible d'assurer l'auto- centrage des éléments décrits ci-dessus, à savoir l'orifice du bloc par rapport à la partie de la buse qui s'insère dedans.Preferably, the orifice of the block and the outer wall of the portion of the nozzle which fits into it are arranged concentrically. This preferred arrangement can also be obtained by the aforementioned screwing capable of ensuring the self-centering of the elements described above, namely the orifice of the block relative to the part of the nozzle which fits into it.
Cette concentricité est avantageuse dans la mesure où en son absence il y a un risque de formation de très grosses gouttelettes du combustible liquide, du type fioul, à la périphérie du jet creux, ce qui peut entraîner une combustion médiocre avec notamment un risque d'augmentation du seuil d'apparition de monoxyde de carbone.This concentricity is advantageous insofar as in its absence there is a risk of formation of very large droplets of the liquid fuel, of the fuel type, at the periphery of the hollow jet, which can lead to a poor combustion with a particular risk of increase in the threshold of appearance of carbon monoxide.
Il est préférable que la face externe (partie terminale) de la buse soit alignée dans le plan défini par la face externe du bloc, c'est-à-dire celle dépourvue de contact avec le fluide de pulvérisation, et sur laquelle débouche l'orifice. En effet, un alignement incorrect implique une modification de l'aérodynamique du combustible liquide et du fluide de pulvérisation à leur sortie de leur conduit d'amenée respectif.It is preferable that the outer face (end portion) of the nozzle is aligned in the plane defined by the outer face of the block, that is to say that devoid of contact with the spray fluid, and on which opens the orifice. In fact, incorrect alignment involves a modification of the aerodynamics of the liquid fuel and of the spray fluid at their outlet from their respective supply duct.
De manière avantageuse, l'injecteur conforme à l'invention qui vient d'être décrit est monté de manière étanche dans un bloc en matériau réfractaire à l'aide d'un dispositif d'étanchéité comportant une plaque munie d'ailettes de refroidissement. Un tel montage étanche empêche toute arrivée d'air parasite au niveau de l'extrémité aval de l'injecteur, air parasite particulièrement nuisible dans la mesure où il augmente la teneur en oxygène dans la racine de flamme qui constitue la partie la plus chaude de cette dernière.Advantageously, the injector according to the invention which has just been described is mounted in a sealed manner in a block of refractory material by means of a sealing device comprising a plate provided with cooling fins. Such a sealed assembly prevents any unwanted air intake at the downstream end of the injector, parasitic air particularly harmful in that it increases the oxygen content in the flame root which is the hottest part of the latter.
L'injecteur selon l'invention peut être fixé sur un support réglable, une buse de ventilation étant orientée vers l'extrémité aval de l'injecteur, plus particulièrement vers la plaque précitée. Le support est de préférence réglable en inclinaison, en azimut et en translation notamment pour venir s'appuyer sur la plaque du dispositif d'étanchéité.The injector according to the invention can be fixed on an adjustable support, a ventilation nozzle being directed towards the downstream end of the injector, more particularly towards the aforementioned plate. The support is preferably adjustable in inclination, azimuth and translation in particular to come to rest on the plate of the sealing device.
La buse de ventilation, quant à elle, souffle de l'air, ce qui permet d'éviter une surchauffe excessive localement au niveau de l'extrémité aval de l'injecteur. Le conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide peut comprendre au moins un diffuseur.The ventilation nozzle, meanwhile, blows air, which avoids excessive overheating locally at the downstream end of the injector. The liquid fuel supply duct may comprise at least one diffuser.
Le combustible liquide utilisé dans le cadre de l'invention est un combustible fossile liquide couramment utilisé dans les dispositifs de combustion pour chauffer les matières vitrifiables dans un four de verrerie. Il peut par exemple s'agir de fioul lourd. Le fluide de pulvérisation est, de même, celui que l'on trouve de manière usuelle sur les installations courantes et qui sert à pulvériser le combustible liquide précité. Cela peut par exemple être de l'air (appelé dans ce cas air primaire par opposition à l'air secondaire qui sert de comburant principal). Il peut également s'agir de gaz naturel, d'oxygène (dans le cas d'une oxycombustion) ou de vapeur. L'invention s'applique particulièrement aux combustibles de type fuel lourd et elle permet de faire circuler de très gros débits (500 à 600 kg/h) de ce type de combustible sur un seul injecteur conforme à l'invention. Le débit de combustible liquide dans l'injecteur est à déterminer à partir du type de four sur lequel on désire l'installer, de ses paramètres de fonctionnement tels que la tirée, ainsi que de la nature du combustible liquide utilisé. Ces valeurs peuvent être établies sans difficulté par l'homme du métier qui peut notamment établir des abaques en réalisant des essais. L'homme du métier veillera également à choisir un état de surface soigné, respectivement de la chambre de giration, des canaux, et de l'embout des parois internes, de manière à s'assurer d'un minimum de pertes de charge due aux frottements du combustible liquide balayant ces mêmes éléments à grande vitesse.The liquid fuel used in the context of the invention is a liquid fossil fuel commonly used in combustion devices for heating vitrifiable materials in a glass furnace. It may for example be heavy fuel oil. The spraying fluid is, likewise, that found in the usual manner on current installations and used to spray the aforementioned liquid fuel. This can for example be air (called in this case primary air as opposed to the secondary air that serves as the main oxidant). It can also be natural gas, oxygen (in the case of oxyfuel combustion) or steam. The invention is particularly applicable to heavy fuel type fuels and it allows to circulate very large flows (500 to 600 kg / h) of this type of fuel on a single injector according to the invention. The flow rate of liquid fuel in the injector is to be determined from the type of furnace on which it is desired to install it, its operating parameters such as pulling, as well as the nature of the liquid fuel used. These values can be established without difficulty by those skilled in the art who can in particular establish abacuses by carrying out tests. Those skilled in the art will also take care to choose a state of neat surface, respectively of the gyration chamber, the channels, and the tip of the internal walls, so as to ensure a minimum of pressure losses due to rubbing liquid fuel sweeping these same elements at high speed.
L'injecteur selon l'invention génère peu de NOx dans la chambre de combustion, par exemple un four, son fonctionnement est assuré avec un débit de fluide de pulvérisation faible, ce qui rend possible une utilisation large et souple du comburant et, donc, en final permet l'obtention de bons résultats du point de vue énergétique.The injector according to the invention generates little NOx in the combustion chamber, for example an oven, its operation is ensured with a low spray fluid flow, which makes possible a wide and flexible use of the oxidant and, therefore, in the end allows to obtain good results from the energy point of view.
L'injecteur est généralement intégré à un brûleur comprenant en outre une arrivée de comburant. Ce comburant peut-être de l'air, de l'air enrichi en oxygène ou de l'oxygène pur. Généralement, l'injecteur est placé sous l'arrivé de comburant. Pour le cas ou le comburant est de l'air ou de l'air enrichi en oxygène, l'arrivée d'air est assurée par une ouverture de section relativement importante, pouvant notamment être comprise entre 0,5 et 3 m2, plusieurs injecteurs pouvant être combinés à chaque arrivée d'air.The injector is generally integrated with a burner further comprising an oxidizer inlet. This oxidizer may be air, air enriched with oxygen or pure oxygen. Generally, the injector is placed under the arrival of oxidizer. In the case where the oxidant is air or air enriched with oxygen, the air supply is provided by an opening of relatively large section, which can be between 0.5 and 3 m 2 , several injectors can be combined with each air intake.
L'invention est particulièrement adaptée à la fabrication de verre de haute qualité notamment optique, tel que le verre plat élaboré par flottage, ou le verre creux. Le four équipé de l'injecteur selon l'invention émet peu de NOx, sans crainte d'une combustion réductrice nuisible éventuellement à la teinte du verre.The invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of high quality glass including optical, such as float flat glass, or hollow glass. The furnace equipped with the injector according to the invention emits little NOx, without fear of a reducing combustion which may be detrimental to the color of the glass.
L'invention peut notamment compléter avantageusement les techniques décrites dans les US6047565 et WO9802386.The invention may especially advantageously complement the techniques described in US6047565 and WO9802386.
La figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe partielle d'un injecteur selon l'invention.Figure 1 is a schematic partial sectional view of an injector according to the invention.
La figure 2 représente un élément selon l'invention, percé de canaux mettant le combustible en un jet creux vue de côté en coupe (figure 2a) et vue de dessus (figure 2b).FIG. 2 represents an element according to the invention pierced with channels putting the fuel in a hollow jet seen from the side in section (FIG. 2a) and seen from above (FIG. 2b).
La figure 3 est une vue en coupe verticale d'une paroi d'un four de verrerie comportant un injecteur selon la figure 1.FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a wall of a glassware furnace comprising an injector according to FIG.
La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe partielle d'un injecteur 1 conforme à l'invention. Cet injecteur 1 se compose de deux alimentations en fluide, à savoir respectivement le conduit d'amenée du combustible liquide 2 et celui du fluide de pulvérisation 3. Les conduits d'amenée du combustible liquide et du fluide de pulvérisation précités sont respectivement reliés, en amont de l'écoulement de chacun des deux fluides, à un circuit provenant d'une source de combustible liquide et une source de fluide pulvérisation non représentées.Figure 1 shows a partial sectional view of an injector 1 according to the invention. This injector 1 is composed of two fluid feeds, namely respectively the supply duct for the liquid fuel 2 and that of the spraying fluid 3. The supply ducts of the aforementioned liquid fuel and spray fluid are respectively connected, upstream of the flow of each of the two fluids, to a circuit from a source of liquid fuel and a spray fluid source not shown.
Le conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide 2 est constitué essentiellement d'un tube cylindrique 21 au bout duquel est vissée une buse 22. Celle-ci comporte à son extrémité aval une chambre de giration 23 de forme tronconique prolongée par un embout 24 de paroi interne 25 cylindrique. L'angle au sommet téta de la chambre de giration 23 est égal à 60°.The liquid fuel supply duct 2 consists essentially of a cylindrical tube 21 at the end of which is screwed a nozzle 22. The latter has at its downstream end a frustoconical gyration chamber 23 extended by a wall endpiece 24 25 cylindrical internal. The teta apex angle of the turning chamber 23 is equal to 60 °.
A l'intérieur de la buse 22 précitée se trouve disposé un cylindre 4 monté de manière étanche en butée contre la chambre de giration 23. Ce cylindre 4 est l'élément percé de canaux obliques mettant le combustible liquide sous la forme d'un jet creux. Le cylindre 4 comporte des canaux 41 uniformément répartis sur sa circonférence et présente deux faces 42, 43 parallèles entre elles et sensiblement perpendiculaires à la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide symbolisée par la flèche f sur la figure 1 , direction par ailleurs identique à celle d'amenée du fluide de pulvérisation.Inside the aforementioned nozzle 22 there is disposed a cylinder 4 sealingly mounted abutting against the swirl chamber 23. This cylinder 4 is the pierced element of oblique channels putting the liquid fuel in the form of a jet hollow. The cylinder 4 has channels 41 uniformly distributed over its circumference and has two faces 42, 43 parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel symbolized by the arrow f in Figure 1, direction also identical to that of supply of the spray fluid.
Les canaux 41 sont cylindriques, leur génératrice faisant un angle alpha de 5° avec la direction d'amenée mentionnée ci-dessus.The channels 41 are cylindrical, their generatrix making an alpha angle of 5 ° with the supply direction mentioned above.
Le conduit d'amenée de fluide de pulvérisation 3, quant à lui, se compose essentiellement d'un tube cylindrique 31 au bout duquel est vissé un bloc 32 dont l'épaulement intérieur 33 vient buter contre l'extrémité aval du tube 31.The spray fluid supply duct 3, for its part, consists essentially of a cylindrical tube 31 at the end of which is screwed a block 32 whose inner shoulder 33 abuts against the downstream end of the tube 31.
Le bloc 32 est percé d'un orifice 34 de forme permettant l'emboîtement d'une partie de la buse 22. Le bloc 32 présente également du côté de l'orifice 34 une partie saillante 35 qui permet par vissage du bloc 32 sur le tube cylindrique 31 d'assurer un partait auto-centrage de la paroi externe 26 de l'embout 24 à l'intérieur de l'orifice 34.The block 32 is pierced with a hole 34 of shape allowing the nesting of a portion of the nozzle 22. The block 32 also has on the side of the orifice 34 a projecting portion 35 which allows by screwing the block 32 on the cylindrical tube 31 to ensure a self-centering part of the outer wall 26 of the nozzle 24 inside the orifice 34.
Du fait de leurs formes complémentaires, la concentricité des deux éléments 26, 34 précités est parfaitement assurée, ce qui évite d'avoir une modification non désirée de la dispersion de taille des gouttelettes du combustible liquide à leur sortie du conduit 2.Because of their complementary shapes, the concentricity of the two elements 26, 34 above is perfectly ensured, which avoids having an unwanted modification of the droplet size dispersion of the liquid fuel at their outlet from the duct 2.
L'alignement de la partie terminale 36 de la buse (face externe de la buse) dans le plan (Fl) est parfaitement réalisé, ce plan Fl étant celui défini par la face externe 37 du bloc, c'est-à-dire celle dépourvue de contact avec le fluide de pulvérisation et sur laquelle débouche l'orifice 34.The alignment of the end portion 36 of the nozzle (external face of the nozzle) in the plane (F1) is perfectly realized, this plane F1 being that defined by the external face 37 of the block, that is to say the devoid of contact with the spray fluid and on which opens the orifice 34.
Un tel agencement contribue à conserver l'aérodynamique des deux fluides à leur sortie de leur conduit d'amenée respectif.Such an arrangement contributes to maintaining the aerodynamics of the two fluids at their outlet from their respective supply duct.
La figure 2 représente le cylindre 4 de la figure 1 de façon plus détaillée, vue de côté en coupe (figure 2a) et vue de dessus (figure 2b). On voit sur la figureFigure 2 shows the cylinder 4 of Figure 1 in more detail, side view in section (Figure 2a) and top view (Figure 2b). We see in the figure
2b que le cylindre comporte 8 canaux 20 dont les centres sont répartis régulièrement sur un cercle de rayon R. On n'a représenté sur la figure 2b que l'orifice émergeant de ces canaux c'est-à-dire l'orifice sortant au-dessus de la pièce, sauf pour l'un de ces canaux pour lequel l'orifice du haut 21 est dessiné par un cercle continu et l'orifice du dessous 22 est dessiné par un cercle en pointillé.2b that the cylinder has 8 channels 20 whose centers are regularly distributed on a circle of radius R. It is shown in Figure 2b that the emerging orifice of these channels that is to say the orifice out at above the part, except for one of these channels for which the upper orifice 21 is drawn by a continuous circle and the lower orifice 22 is drawn by a dashed circle.
Tous les canaux sont bien entendu identiques. La figure 2a représente le cylindre vu de côté, seul le canal aux orifices 21 et 22 ayant été représenté. L'axe de ce canal forme un angle alpha avec l'axe du cylindre lui-même qui correspond à la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide. Dans le cadre de l'invention l'angle alpha est inférieur à 10°.All channels are of course identical. FIG. 2a shows the cylinder seen from the side, only the channel with the orifices 21 and 22 having been represented. The axis of this channel forms an alpha angle with the axis of the cylinder itself which corresponds to the supply direction of the liquid fuel. In the context of the invention the angle alpha is less than 10 °.
La figure 3 représente une vue en coupe verticale d'une paroi d'un four de verrerie comportant un injecteur 5 conforme à la figure 1. Dans cette configuration particulière, on voit que l'injecteur 5 comporte un support 6 réglable en inclinaison, en azimut et en translation. Sur ce support réglable 6 est fixé l'injecteur 5 qui vient s'appuyer contre les parois d'un bloc 7 en matériau réfractaire, par l'intermédiaire d'une plaque 8 munie d'ailettes de refroidissement. Le bloc 7 en matériau réfractaire est lui-même monté dans une ouverture de la paroi du four 9. L'injecteur 5 comporte également une buse de ventilation 10 orientée vers la plaque précitée.FIG. 3 represents a vertical sectional view of a wall of a glassmaking furnace comprising an injector 5 according to FIG. 1. In this particular configuration, it can be seen that the injector 5 comprises a support 6 that is adjustable in inclination, azimuth and in translation. On this adjustable support 6 is fixed the injector 5 which abuts against the walls of a block 7 of refractory material, through a plate 8 provided with cooling fins. The block 7 of refractory material is itself mounted in an opening of the wall of the furnace 9. The injector 5 also comprises a ventilation nozzle 10 directed towards the aforementioned plate.
On voit enfin deux tuyaux flexibles d'amenée 11 , 12 reliés respectivement aux sources d'alimentation du combustible liquide et de fluide de pulvérisation, sources non représentées. Le fonctionnement l'injecteur va maintenant être expliqué ci-après.Finally, we see two flexible supply pipes 11, 12 respectively connected to the sources of supply of liquid fuel and spray fluid, sources not shown. The operation of the injector will now be explained below.
A la traversée du cylindre 4 le combustible liquide, amené via le tube cylindrique 21 , est divisé en autant de jets individuels qu'il y a de canaux tangentiels 41.At the crossing of the cylinder 4 the liquid fuel, supplied via the cylindrical tube 21, is divided into as many individual jets as there are tangential channels 41.
Les jets individuels arrivent alors dans la chambre de giration 23 en venant frapper ses parois, avec un minimum de pertes de charge du fait même de la valeur de l'angle au sommet téta égale à 60°.The individual jets then arrive in the gyration chamber 23 by striking its walls, with a minimum of losses due to the fact that the value of the angle at the top teta equal to 60 °.
La répartition uniforme des canaux tangentiels 41 et l'inclinaison alpha égale à 5° de la génératrice sur toute la circonférence du cylindre 4 de chacun de ces canaux ont pour conséquence une centrifugation de l'ensemble des jets individuels contre la paroi de la chambre de giration 23 sans pour autant qu'ils interfèrent entre eux.The uniform distribution of the tangential channels 41 and the alpha inclination equal to 5 ° of the generatrix over the entire circumference of the cylinder 4 of each of these channels result in a centrifugation of all the individual jets against the wall of the chamber. gyration 23 without interfering with each other.
Cette centrifugation au niveau de la chambre de giration contribue, en aval, à ce que le combustible suive une trajectoire hélicoïdale en se mettant sous la forme d'un jet creux épousant la paroi interne 25 de l'embout 24. A la sortie de l'embout 24, le combustible liquide a ainsi acquis une énergie mécanique maximale et, sous l'influence du fluide de pulvérisation, il éclate véritablement en gouttelettes très fines dont la dispersion de taille est optimale. Une telle dispersion rend la flamme issue de lïnjecteur et une fois activée par le comburant principal, très homogène en température sur toute sa longueur.This centrifugation at the level of the gyration chamber contributes, downstream, so that the fuel follows a helical path in the form of a hollow jet conforming to the inner wall 25 of the nozzle 24. At the exit of the 24, the liquid fuel has thus acquired a maximum mechanical energy and, under the influence of the spraying fluid, it really bursts into very fine droplets whose size dispersion is optimal. Such a dispersion makes the flame coming from the injector and once activated by the main oxidant, very homogeneous in temperature throughout its length.
Une telle pulvérisation du combustible allonge de plus considérablement, pour un même débit de combustible, la flamme par rapport à une pulvérisation qui serait provoquée par le même injecteur 1 sans cylindre 4.Such a fuel spraying extends considerably more, for the same fuel flow, the flame compared to a spray that would be caused by the same injector 1 without cylinder 4.
Le dimensionnement du cylindre 4 doit être réalisé de telle sorte que le remplissage ne soit jamais réalisé et que l'on obtienne, conformément à l'invention, toujours un jet creux épousant de manière substantielle cette paroi interne. L'injecteur qui vient d'être décrit est de conception simple et peu coûteuse.The dimensioning of the cylinder 4 must be such that the filling is never performed and that we obtain, according to the invention, always a hollow jet substantially matching the inner wall. The injector which has just been described is of simple and inexpensive design.
Il est, en outre, intégralement et aisément démontable et adaptable sur les installations déjà existantes.It is also fully and easily removable and adaptable to existing installations.
Sur les figures, l'angle alpha est un peu exagéré pour faciliter la compréhension. EXEMPLE 1In the figures, the angle alpha is a little exaggerated to facilitate understanding. EXAMPLE 1
Un four à boucle de 144 m2 (surface du bain de verre) équipé d'un brûleur comprenant une veine d'arrivée d'air sous laquelle sont disposés quatre injecteurs de fioul liquide porté à 1300C. Ce brûleur présente une puissance de 15 mégawatts. Chaque injecteur contient un élément de mise en rotation du fioul comprenant 8 trous de diamètre 2,3 mm dont l'axe forme un angle de 5° par rapport à la direction d'amenée du fioul liquide. Les axes de ces trous sont disposés sur un cercle de rayon 3,75 mm. Le débit de fioul total (somme des débits alimentant tous les injecteurs) était de 2000 kg/h. L'air alimentait le brûleur dans des conditions stoechiométriques par rapport au fioul. Le NOx mesuré dans les fumées était de 550 mg par Nm3.A furnace with a loop of 144 m 2 (surface of the glass bath) equipped with a burner comprising a flow of air under which four injectors of liquid fuel oil are placed at 130 ° C. This burner has a power of 15 megawatts. Each injector contains a fuel rotation element comprising 8 2.3 mm diameter holes whose axis forms an angle of 5 ° with respect to the direction of supply of the liquid fuel oil. The axes of these holes are arranged on a circle of 3.75 mm radius. The total fuel oil flow (sum of flows feeding all injectors) was 2000 kg / h. The air supplied the burner under stoichiometric conditions with respect to the fuel oil. The NOx measured in the fumes was 550 mg per Nm 3 .
EXEMPLE 2 (comparatif)EXAMPLE 2 (comparative)
On procède comme pour l'exemple 1 sauf que les trous avaient un axe formant un angle de 20° par rapport à la direction d'amenée du fioul liquide. LeThe procedure is as for Example 1 except that the holes had an axis forming an angle of 20 ° with respect to the supply direction of the liquid fuel oil. The
NOx mesuré dans les fumées était de 800 mg par Nm3. NOx measured in fumes was 800 mg per Nm 3 .

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Injecteur de pulvérisation de combustible liquide comprenant un conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide et un conduit d'amenée de fluide de pulvérisation, ledit conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide comprenant un élément percé de canaux obliques pour mettre ledit combustible sous la forme d'un jet creux en rotation avant éjection hors dudit injecteur, caractérisé en ce que la génératrice de chacun desdits canaux forme un angle de moins de 10° avec la direction d'amenée du combustible liquide. A liquid fuel spraying injector comprising a liquid fuel supply duct and a spray fluid supply duct, said liquid fuel supply duct comprising an element pierced with oblique channels for putting said fuel in the form of a jet hollow in rotation before ejection out of said injector, characterized in that the generator of each of said channels forms an angle of less than 10 ° with the supply direction of the liquid fuel.
2. Injecteur selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la génératrice de chacun desdits canaux forme un angle compris entre 2 et 8° avec la direction d'amenée du combustible.2. Injector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the generator of each of said channels forms an angle of between 2 and 8 ° with the direction of fuel supply.
3. Injecteur selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la face externe du conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide est dans le même plan que face externe de l'injecteur.3. Injector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the outer face of the liquid fuel supply duct is in the same plane as the outer face of the injector.
4. Injecteur selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le conduit d'amenée de fluide de pulvérisation est disposé concentriquement autour du conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide, ledit conduit d'amenée de combustible liquide se terminant par une buse pour éjecter le combustible liquide à travers sa face externe, ledit conduit d'amenée de fluide de pulvérisation se terminant par un bloc percé d'un orifice éjectant le fluide de pulvérisation, au moins une partie de la buse s'insérant dans ledit bloc, la face externe de la buse étant alignée dans le plan de la face externe du bloc et sur laquelle débouche l'orifice.4. Injector according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the spray fluid supply duct is arranged concentrically around the liquid fuel supply duct, said liquid fuel supply duct terminating in a nozzle for ejecting the liquid fuel. liquid fuel through its outer face, said spray fluid supply conduit terminating in a block pierced with an orifice ejecting the spray fluid, at least a portion of the nozzle inserted into said block, the outer face the nozzle being aligned in the plane of the outer face of the block and on which opens the orifice.
5. Brûleur comprenant un injecteur de l'une des revendications précédentes.5. Burner comprising an injector according to one of the preceding claims.
6. Brûleur selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également une arrivée d'air ou d'air enrichi en oxygène de section comprise entre 0,5 et 3 m2.6. Burner according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it also comprises an oxygen-enriched air or air inlet of section between 0.5 and 3 m 2 .
7. Four comprenant un brûleur de l'une des deux revendications précédentes. 7. Oven comprising a burner of one of the two preceding claims.
8. Four selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'il est à boucle.8. Oven according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it is loop.
9. Procédé de traitement thermique de verre fondu caractérisé en ce que le verre fondu est chauffé dans un four de la revendication précédente.9. Process for heat treatment of molten glass characterized in that the molten glass is heated in an oven of the preceding claim.
10. Utilisation de l'injecteur ou du brûleur de l'une des revendications 1 à 4 pour chauffer du verre fondu. 10. Use of the injector or burner of one of claims 1 to 4 for heating molten glass.
PCT/FR2008/050492 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 Injector injecting a hollow jet of liquid fuel WO2008132388A1 (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MX2009010318A MX2009010318A (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 Injector injecting a hollow jet of liquid fuel.
PL08775732T PL2126470T3 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 Injector injecting a hollow jet of liquid fuel
CN200880009965XA CN101680654B (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 Injector injecting a hollow jet of liquid fuel
UAA200910734A UA97977C2 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 injector that provides a hollow jet of liquid fuel
EP08775732A EP2126470B1 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 Injector injecting a hollow jet of liquid fuel
BRPI0809072-6A BRPI0809072B1 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 LIQUID FUEL SPRAYING INJECTOR, BURNER, OVEN, MELTED GLASS THERMAL TREATMENT PROCESS AND USE OF THE INJECTOR OR BURNER
JP2010500329A JP5603230B2 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 Hollow jet injector for liquid fuel
AT08775732T ATE473397T1 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 INJECTOR FOR INJECTING A HOLLOW LIQUID JET
DE602008001722T DE602008001722D1 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 Injector for injecting a hollow liquid fuel jet
US12/593,488 US20100112498A1 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 Hollow jet injector for liquid fuel
EA200970888A EA015872B1 (en) 2007-03-26 2008-03-21 Injector injecting a hollow jet of liquid fuel

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FR0754028 2007-03-26
FR0754028A FR2914397B1 (en) 2007-03-26 2007-03-26 LIQUID FUEL INJECTOR WITH HOLLOW JET.

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JP (1) JP5603230B2 (en)
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AT (1) ATE473397T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0809072B1 (en)
DE (1) DE602008001722D1 (en)
EA (1) EA015872B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2348575T3 (en)
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EP2126470B1 (en) 2010-07-07
BRPI0809072A2 (en) 2014-09-09
EP2126470A1 (en) 2009-12-02
DE602008001722D1 (en) 2010-08-19
CN101680654A (en) 2010-03-24
UA97977C2 (en) 2012-04-10
ATE473397T1 (en) 2010-07-15
FR2914397B1 (en) 2009-05-01
FR2914397A1 (en) 2008-10-03
MX2009010318A (en) 2009-10-19
EA015872B1 (en) 2011-12-30
ES2348575T3 (en) 2010-12-09
EA200970888A1 (en) 2010-04-30
CN101680654B (en) 2012-09-05
JP5603230B2 (en) 2014-10-08
US20100112498A1 (en) 2010-05-06
JP2010522864A (en) 2010-07-08
PT2126470E (en) 2010-10-14
PL2126470T3 (en) 2010-12-31
BRPI0809072B1 (en) 2019-09-24

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