WO2008116840A1 - Transport einer monomer-zusammensetzung in einem verkehrsmittel oder einer rohrleitung - Google Patents
Transport einer monomer-zusammensetzung in einem verkehrsmittel oder einer rohrleitung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008116840A1 WO2008116840A1 PCT/EP2008/053422 EP2008053422W WO2008116840A1 WO 2008116840 A1 WO2008116840 A1 WO 2008116840A1 EP 2008053422 W EP2008053422 W EP 2008053422W WO 2008116840 A1 WO2008116840 A1 WO 2008116840A1
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- acrylic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/41—Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids
- C07C51/412—Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids by conversion of the acids, their salts, esters or anhydrides with the same carboxylic acid part
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/50—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the transport of a monomer composition in a vehicle or pipeline.
- Water-absorbent resins also referred to as superabsorbents or SAPs (superabsorbent polymers), are capable of forming aqueous liquids to form a
- Superabsorbents are therefore used in particular in hygiene articles such as diapers, incontinence pads and pants, sanitary napkins and the like for absorbing aqueous body fluids.
- Other applications of superabsorbents include fire protection, cable sheathing, packing materials and medical applications.
- a comprehensive overview of SAP, its application and its production is given by F. L. Buchholz and AT. Graham (Editor) in "Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology", Wiley-VCH, New York, 1998.
- those based on acrylic acid are a particularly important class of substances.
- acrylic acid is transported to the site of preparation of the water-absorbent resins.
- acrylic acid is one of the most reactive vinyl monomers known.
- monomeric acrylic acid polymerization inhibitors stabilizers
- Common polymerization inhibitors are phenothiazine (PTZ) or phenolic inhibitors, such as hydroquinone or p-methoxyphenol (hydroquinone monomethyl ether, MEHQ).
- phenolic inhibitors exhibit their inhibiting effect in conjunction with oxygen, e.g. B. in contact with air.
- pure acrylic acid is usually mixed with 200 ppm of polymerization inhibitor such.
- WO 00/20369 recommends the addition of a phenolic polymerization inhibitor, such as p-methoxyphenol, and a Coinhibitors, in particular a Mangankations to avoid a radical polymerization during the transport of acrylic acid.
- the Coinhibitor can z. B. be removed with a cation exchanger.
- US 5,130,471 describes a stabilized acrylic monomer composition comprising an acrylic monomer, phenothiazine and a cyclic amine having at least one hydroxyl group.
- EP-A 765 856 discloses a stabilized monomer composition comprising, in addition to acrylic acid, a combination of (i) a nitroxyl radical and / or a hydroxylamine and (ii) a di-hetero substituted benzene compound such as p-methoxyphenol.
- MEHQ in combination with molecular oxygen, stabilizes monomeric acrylic acid extremely effectively, it forms colored decay products under humid and / or warm climatic conditions. It is known that the use of MEHQ as a stabilizer leads to discoloration of the acrylic acid and favors discoloration during the storage of superabsorbents and products produced therefrom. These discolorations are usually unavoidable because superabsorbents or products made from them are shipped internationally on long transport routes and sometimes stored for a long time, often under high humidity. In particular, when used in the hygiene sector discolored products are undesirable.
- dimer formation of acrylic acid Another problem is the dimer formation of acrylic acid.
- an acrylic acid molecule is added to the double bond of another acrylic acid molecule, resulting in the Michael adduct ⁇ -acryloxypropionic acid.
- Dimer acrylic acid is detectable after a few hours of use, so that a considerable dimer formation occurs during prolonged stand or transport time.
- Diacrylic acid formation is favored by high temperature and by the presence of water.
- dimeric acrylic acid impairs the polymerization of acrylic acid. Furthermore, copolymerized dimeric acrylic acid can split back at elevated temperature. This manifests itself in a high residual monomer content of the polymers and leads to emissions and odor nuisance.
- DE 10219089 recommends to suppress unwanted formation of diacrylic acid that the pure acrylic acid is present during the entire duration of transport and / or storage semi-crystalline.
- Acrylic acid has a melting point of 14 0 C. It can at temperatures of 14 0 C or below in the solid state.
- the thawing of crystallized pure acrylic acid requires extreme caution because the pure acrylic acid crystallizes Polymerization inhibitor locally depleted and destabilized acrylic acid can polymerize under high heat explosive.
- the external heat source used for thawing must not have too high a temperature level, which is why thawing requires a comparatively long period of time.
- Acrylic acid In practice, it is therefore of great importance to avoid the freezing of acrylic acid during transport and / or storage. Acrylic acid must therefore be transported in heated and / or insulated containers or pipelines. Alternatively, one may the acrylic acid at a sufficiently high temperature (because of the explosion, however onsgefahr to a maximum of about 30 0 C) loaded so that until the arrival at the destination, a temperature of 15 0 C is not exceeded. Higher temperatures, however, favor the formation of dimeric acrylic acid.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for safely transporting a monomer composition in a transport or a pipeline, which minimizes or overcomes the above problems.
- the invention is in particular based on the object of specifying a transport process in which the amount of polymerization inhibitor required for safe transport, such as p-methoxyphenol, can be reduced.
- the object is achieved by a method for transporting a monomer composition in a vehicle or pipeline, wherein the monomer composition comprises an aqueous solution of partially or completely neutralized acrylic acid or over-neutralized acrylic acid.
- the inventive method is characterized by an increased safety in the transport of acrylic acid monomers, improved quality of the resulting products, as well as high efficiency.
- the amount of polymerization inhibitors can be reduced. An expensive removal of polymerization inhibitors z. B. by treatment with activated carbon immediately before the polymerization can be omitted. Likewise, the reduced amount of polymerization inhibitors used results in a lasting stability of the products produced compared with discolorations resulting from the inhibitor.
- Another important advantage of the process according to the invention is the minimization of the formation of dimeric acrylic acid.
- the formation of dimeric acrylic acid depends on the pH and thus on the degree of neutralization. In partially or completely neutralized acrylic acid or over-neutralized acrylic acid, the formation of dimeric acrylic acid is suppressed. Separation of dimeric acrylic acid prior to polymerization can be omitted.
- An additional advantage is that a temperature of containers, pipelines and pipelines can be omitted, in which the monomer composition is performed, as this crystallized at much lower temperatures than pure acrylic acid.
- the method according to the invention is distinguished by a high degree of economy.
- the means of transport used to transport the monomer composition include means of transport by road, rail or sea, in particular by lorries, tank wagons or container ships. They may have tank facilities that are firmly connected to the means of transport or are loaded with containers that are suitable for receiving liquids, eg. B. tank container.
- Pipelines are in particular pipelines or other overland pipelines. The pipelines also include temporary connections for loading and unloading means of transport.
- the residence time of the monomer composition in the transport or the pipeline is at least 1 hour, usually at least 5 hours, z. B. at least 10 hours.
- the residence time z. B. 6 hours to 25 days, often 12 to 48 hours, usually 24 to 36 hours.
- the time from filling of the means of transport or of a container to be loaded on the means of transport until complete emptying is regarded as "residence time.”
- the average residence time which is calculated, is regarded as "residence time” the void volume of the pipeline (length times cross-sectional area) and the throughput (volume per unit time).
- the increased safety of the process according to the invention is particularly evident when large contiguous volumes of the monomer composition are transported, e.g. B. a volume of at least 1 m 3 , preferably at least 5 m 3 or at least 20 m 3 .
- a tank or vessel of a means of transport is com- pounded, the volume of a compartment is considered as “contiguous volume.”
- the volume of void volume (length times cross-sectional area) is considered as "contiguous volume”.
- the monomer composition is maintained during transport at a temperature in the range of -10 to 25 ° C., preferably -5 to 15 ° C., in particular 0 to 10 ° C.
- Suitable neutralizing agents are, in particular, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates or alkali metal hydrogencarbonates.
- the acrylic acid is thus preferably wholly or partly present as alkali metal salt, in particular wholly or partly as sodium and / or potassium salt.
- Further neutralizing agents are ammonia and amines, such as triethanolamine.
- over-neutralized acrylic acid is meant an acrylic acid solution which has been treated with a greater amount of neutralizing agent than is required for the complete neutralization of the acrylic acid
- the preferred degree of neutralization of the acrylic acid is 20 to 10 mol%, eg 20 to 100 Mol%, preferably 20 to 80 mol%, in particular 40 to 75 mol% In certain embodiments, the degree of neutralization is 100 to 10 mol%.
- the monomer composition comprises an aqueous solution of partially or completely neutralized acrylic acid or over-neutralized acrylic acid, i. H. a homogeneous mixture of acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts, water and optionally excess neutralizing agent, wherein the molar fraction of water is usually more than 50 mol%, based on the sum of the amounts of acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts, water and optionally excess neutralizing agent.
- the composition preferably contains from 16 to 56% by weight, more preferably from 24 to 40% by weight, most preferably from 28 to 36% by weight, of acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts, calculated as acrylic acid, d. H. Both acrylic acid salts and free acrylic acid are calculated as acrylic acid (with a molar mass of 72.06 g / mol).
- the monomer composition is substantially free of polymerization inhibitors.
- the monomer composition usually contains at least one polymerization inhibitor.
- Suitable polymerization inhibitors are phenothiazine, phenolic polymerization inhibitors such as phenol, hydroquinone, p-methylphenol, tocopherols, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone, chromanol derivatives such as 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol, 2 , 2,5,7-tetramethyl-6-chromanol, 2,2,5,8-tetramethyl-6-chromanol, 2,2,7,8-teramethyl-6-chromanol, 2,2,5-trimethyl- 6-chromanol, 2,2,7-trimethyl-6-chromanol, 2,2,8-trimethyl-6-chromanol, nitroxyl radicals such as OH-TEMPO, and other known polymerization inhibitors.
- phenolic polymerization inhibitors such as phenol, hydroquinone, p-methylphenol, tocopherols, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinon
- the composition preferably contains dissolved oxygen and / or is in contact with the ambient air or an oxygen-containing gas space.
- the total content of the monomer composition of polymerization inhibitor (s) is less than 100 ppm, preferably less than 50 ppm, especially less than 40 ppm, most preferably less than 20 ppm, based on acrylic acid.
- the content of the monomer composition of p-methoxyphenol in ppm, based on acrylic acid is ⁇ or less, where ⁇ is given by the equation:
- DN is the degree of neutralization of the acrylic acid in mole percent and DN is in the range of 20 to 1 10 mol%.
- the monomer composition will typically contain less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 20 ppm and especially less than 10 ppm of such impurities that adversely affect the polymerization of the acrylic acid.
- the content of aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and furfural is preferably below 25 ppm and especially will not exceed 15 ppm.
- the content of process inhibitors such as phenothiazine is also preferably below 10 ppm and in particular will not exceed 5 ppm or 2 ppm.
- the following impurities in the monomer composition are contained at the maximum in the specified concentration:
- the monomer composition can be obtained by complete or partial neutralization of pure acrylic acid with suitable neutralizing agents.
- acrylic acid is prepared by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of C 3 -hydrocarbons such as propane or propene and mixtures thereof with oxygen (for the preparation of acrylic acid from propene see, for example, Ullmanns Enzyclopedia of Ind. Chem. 5th ed. On CD-ROM, "Acrylic acid and derivatives, 1.3.1 “propene oxidation”, Wiley-VCH Weinheim 1997, K. Weisärmel, H.-J. Arpe "Industrielle Org. Chem., 4th edition, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim 1994, p.
- the gaseous reaction mixtures formed during the oxidation of C 3 -hydroolanic hydrocarbons usually contain saturated carboxylic acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid as condensable components in addition to a major amount of acrylic acid, a number of aromatic aldehydes such as furfurals and benzaldehyde, optionally aliphatic aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acrolein and optionally acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde, protoanemonin and various unsaturated or aromatic carboxylic acids and their anhydrides, for example benzoic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride.
- saturated carboxylic acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid as condensable components in addition to a major amount of acrylic acid
- aromatic aldehydes such as furfurals and benzaldehyde
- optionally aliphatic aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acro
- a suitable absorbent e.g. by countercurrent absorption with a high-boiling solvent, for example a mixture of diphenyl ether and diphenyl (see DE-A 21 36 396, DE-A 43 08 087 and Ullmanns Enzyclopedia of Ind. Chem. 5th ed on CD-ROM, loc. cit .) or by absorption in water (see, for example, EP-A 511,111 and literature cited therein) and then remove the absorbent for obtaining the acrylic acid, for example by means of distillative separation processes.
- a suitable absorbent e.g. by countercurrent absorption with a high-boiling solvent, for example a mixture of diphenyl ether and diphenyl (see DE-A 21 36 396, DE-A 43 08 087 and Ullmanns Enzyclopedia of Ind. Chem. 5th ed on CD-ROM, loc. cit .) or by absorption in water (see, for example, EP-A 511,111
- the further purification of the crude acrylic acid can be carried out by distillation.
- the distillation of acrylic acid is not without problems, since it polymerizes very easily under thermal stress. Therefore, acrylic acid must be added to process polymerization inhibitors during distillation.
- the distillate acrylic acid is then treated with a polymerization inhibitor for transport and / or storage, e.g. Hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ), added.
- MEHQ Hydroquinone monomethyl ether
- acrylic acid suitable for the preparation of acrylic acid polymers is obtained when crude acrylic acid is crystallized in a manner known per se and the crystallized acrylic acid is used directly in an aqueous alkali instead of a melting process.
- Solution in particular an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution dissolves.
- the monomer composition is obtained by the process of DE 102 21 202.
- the process is characterized in that
- the crystalline acrylic acid in an amount sufficient to dissolve the acrylic acid absorbs an aqueous alkali solution, to obtain a partially or completely neutralized acrylic acid solution.
- the crystallization of the crude acrylic acid in step i) is carried out in a manner known per se.
- the crude acrylic acid is transferred to a crystallizer and crystallized under cooling a portion of the acrylic acid. This is largely or completely separated from the mother liquor, ie the residual melt enriched with impurities, by customary processes.
- the crystalline acrylic acid thus obtained may be melted and one or more, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 further, successive stages of crystallization, until the desired degree of purity is reached. Preference is given to using the countercurrent principle, ie the mother liquor of the respective crystallization stage is fed to the respective preceding crystallization stage.
- a stabilizer preferably a hydroquinone or a hydroquinone monoalkyl ether, such as hydroquinone monomethyl ether
- the amount is then usually in the range of 1 to 200 ppm and in particular in the range of 5 to 100 ppm, based on the crystals.
- an addition is basically only required in small amounts if a melting of the acrylic acid is carried out. That is, following the last crystallization stage, you will usually add little or no amounts of further stabilizer and dissolve the crystals.
- the crystallization in the particular crystallization stage is carried out to such an extent that at least 10% by weight and preferably at least 20% by weight of the acrylic acid present in the crude acrylic acid have crystallized out.
- no more than 90% by weight, preferably not more than 80% by weight and in particular not more than 70% by weight of the acrylic acid used in the respective crystallization stage will crystallize out in order to achieve a sufficient cleaning effect.
- the crystallization in step i) is carried out as a single-stage crystallization, i. the crystallization is conducted to the desired degree of crystallization (step i)), the residual melt, hereinafter also mother liquor is separated from the crystalline acrylic acid (step N)) and the crystalline acrylic acid in the aqueous alkali solution recorded (step Ni)).
- the separation of the residual melt from the crystalline acrylic acid phase is carried out in a conventional manner by conventional methods for the separation of liquid and solid phases. It is not necessary to completely separate the residual melt from the crystalline phase. Frequently, the acrylic acid separated in step ii) still contains up to 10% by weight of mother liquor, e.g. 1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total amount of separated acrylic acid. As a rule, one then carries out one of the purification steps described below before dissolving the acrylic acid in step iii).
- aqueous alkali solutions are meant solutions of basic, usually inorganic, substances in water which neutralize acrylic acid and which do not adversely affect the use of acrylic acid in the polymerization. These include alkali metal bases such as alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogencarbonates and alkali metal hydroxides, the latter being preferred.
- alkali metal bases such as alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogencarbonates and alkali metal hydroxides, the latter being preferred.
- an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution is used.
- concentration of alkali in these solutions will generally amount to at least 10% by weight and is preferably in the range from 20 to 60% by weight, in particular in the range from 20 to 50% by weight.
- the monomer composition is particularly suitable for the preparation of polymers based on acrylic acid.
- the production of SAP based on acrylic acid is known to be carried out by free-radical polymerization of aqueous monomer solutions containing essentially acrylic acid and / or acrylic acid salts as polymerizable monomers.
- the polymerization preferably takes place as a solution or gel polymerization in a homogeneous aqueous phase or as a suspension polymerization, the aqueous monomer solution forms the disperse phase.
- the water-containing polymer gels obtained during the polymerization are dried, if appropriate after coarse comminution, and optionally ground.
- the resulting particulate polymers are then usually surface postcrosslinked.
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of water-absorbent resins, in which
- the degree of neutralization for the polymerization is z. B. 65 to 75 mol% or 40 to 50 mol%. If the transported monomer composition has a degree of neutralization of, for example, 100 mol%, one can set a desired lower degree of neutralization by adding acrylic acid.
- dimeric acrylic acid forms only to a limited extent in the transport according to the invention.
- the polymer obtained after the polymerization in the course of its processing and / or further processing a high-temperature step preferably at a temperature of at least 150 0 C, z. B. 160 to 190 0 C, is subjected.
- polymerized dimer acrylic acid again splits off one molecule of acrylic acid, which increases the residual monomer content of the finished polymer.
- the high temperature step is z. B. a surface postcrosslinking.
- the polymerization is carried out with substantial or complete exclusion of oxygen.
- inert gas in particular nitrogen or water vapor is used.
- the polymerization is generally carried out in the temperature range from 0 0 C to 150 0 C, preferably in the range of 10 0 C and 100 0 C, and can be carried out both at atmospheric pressure and under elevated or reduced pressure.
- the monomer composition to be polymerized generally contains:
- suitable monomers B are acid group-carrying monomers B1 other than acrylic acid, e.g. monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids having preferably 4 to 8 C atoms, such as methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid and fumaric acid; Half esters of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 10, preferably 4 to 6, carbon atoms, eg.
- monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids having preferably 4 to 8 C atoms, such as methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, citraconic acid,
- maleic acid such as monomethyl maleate; monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids, for example vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, sulfoethyl acrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate, sulfopropyl acrylate, sulfopropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropylsulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid , Vinylphosphonic acid and allylphosphonic acid and the salts, in particular the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of these acids.
- vinylsulfonic acid allylsulfonic acid
- sulfoethyl acrylate sulfoethyl methacrylate
- sulfopropyl acrylate sulf
- Preferred monomers B1 are methacrylic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or mixtures of these acids.
- the proportion of monomers B1 in the total amount of monomer if desired, preferably 0.1 to 29.9 and in particular 0.5 to 19.8 wt .-%, based on the total amount of monomer from.
- monoethylenically unsaturated monomers B2 which carry no acid groups but are copolymerizable with acrylic acid and optionally the monomers B1 and have no crosslinking effect.
- monoethylenically unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile
- the amides of the abovementioned monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids for example acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-vinyl amides such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-methylvinylacetamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone and N- vinylcaprolactam.
- the monomers B2 also include vinyl esters of saturated C 1 -C 4 -carboxylic acids such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, alkyl vinyl ethers having at least 2 C atoms in the alkyl group, eg.
- alkyl vinyl ethers having at least 2 C atoms in the alkyl group
- ethyl vinyl ether or butyl vinyl ether esters of monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 6 carboxylic acids
- esters of monohydric CrCi 8 alcohols and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or maleic acid, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters of alkoxylated monohydric, saturated alcohols eg.
- Further suitable monomers B2 are styrene and alkyl-substituted styrenes, such as ethylstyrene or tert-butylstyrene.
- the proportion of the monomers B2 in the total monomer amount will preferably not exceed 20% by weight and, if desired, preferably makes up 0.1 to 20% by weight.
- Suitable crosslinking compounds C are those compounds which have at least two, z. B. 2, 3, 4 or 5 ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in the molecule. These compounds are also referred to as crosslinking monomers C1.
- Examples of compounds C1 are N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylates and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylates, which are each derived from polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight of from 106 to 8500, preferably from 400 to 2000, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate , Propylenglykoldimethacry- methacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, butanediol dimethacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, Hexandioldimethac- triacrylate, diethylene glycol di
- the proportion of the monomers C1 in the monomer mixture to be polymerized is preferably 0.01 to 5 wt .-
- crosslinking compounds C it is further possible for compounds C2 to function with functional groups which can react with at least 2 carboxyl groups of the polymer to form a covalent bond (functional groups complementary to carboxyl groups).
- Crosslinking agents C also include crosslinking monomers C3 which, in addition to an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, have at least one further functional group that is complementary to carboxyl groups.
- polymers having a plurality of such functional groups are hydroxyl, amino, epoxy and aziridine groups, furthermore isocyanate, ester and amido groups, and also alkyloxysilyl groups.
- Suitable crosslinkers of this type include, for example, amino alcohols, such as ethanolamine or triethanolamine, diols and polyols, such as 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, polyglycerol, propylene glycol , Polypropylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, polyvinyl alcohol, sorbitol, starch, block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine and polyethyleneimines and polyamines having molar masses of up to 4,000,000, esters such as sorbitan fatty acid esters, ethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters Polygly
- Examples of compounds C3 are hydroxyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates and also glycidyl esters of the abovementioned ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and ethylenically unsaturated glycidyl ethers.
- the monomers C comprise at least one monomer C1 in the abovementioned amounts.
- the polymerization preferably takes place in the absence of compound C2.
- Suitable grafting bases may be of natural or synthetic origin. These include strengths, d. H. native starches from the group of corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, tapioca starch, sorghum starch, manioc starch, pea starch or mixtures thereof, modified starches, starch degradation products, eg. B. oxidatively, enzymatically or hydrolytically degraded starches, dextrins, z. B. roast dextrins and lower oligo- and polysaccharides, eg. B. cyclodextrins with 4 to 8 ring members. Suitable oligo- and polysaccharides are furthermore cellulose, starch and cellulose derivatives.
- polyvinyl alcohols are also suitable.
- polyvinyl alcohols homopolymers and copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyamines, polyamides, hydrophilic polyesters or polyalkylene oxides, in particular polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
- Suitable polyalkylene oxides have the general formula I,
- R 1 is -O- (CH 2 -CHX-O) n -R 2
- R 1 , R 2 are independently hydrogen; C 1 -C 4 -alkyl; C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, in particular phenyl; or (meth) acrylic;
- X is hydrogen or methyl and n is an integer from 1 to 1000, especially 10 to 400.
- Suitable polymerization reactors are the reactors customary for the preparation, in particular belt reactors, extruders and kneaders (see “Modern Superabsorbed Polymer Technology", Chapter 3.2.3).
- the polymers are most preferably prepared by a continuous or batch kneading process or a continuous belt polymerization process.
- Suitable initiators are, in principle, all compounds which decompose upon heating to polymerization temperature or due to a redox reaction to form free radicals.
- the polymerization can also by the action of high-energy radiation, for. B. UV radiation, in the presence of photoinitiators are triggered the. It is also possible to initiate the polymerization by the action of electron beams on the polymerizable, aqueous mixture.
- Suitable initiators are, for example, peroxo compounds such as organic peroxides, organic hydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide, persulfates, perborates, azo compounds and the so-called redox catalysts. Preference is given to water-soluble initiators. In some cases, it is advantageous to use mixtures of different polymerization initiators, for. B. mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and sodium or potassium peroxodisulfate.
- Suitable organic peroxides are, for example, acetylacetonepoxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-amyl perpivalate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butylperneohexanoate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl perisononanoate, tert Butyl permaleate, tert-butyl perbenzoate, di (2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate, dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate, di (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, dimyristil peroxydicarbonate, diacetyl peroxydicarbonate, allyl perester, cumy
- Particularly suitable polymerization initiators are water-soluble azo initiators, e.g. B. 2,2 'azo-bis- (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2' azobis (N, IST-dimethylene) isobutyramidine dihydrochloride, 2- (carbamoylazo) isobutyronitrile, 2,2 'azobis bis [2- (2 " -imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride and 4.4 " azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid).
- water-soluble azo initiators e.g. B. 2,2 'azo-bis- (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2' azobis (N, IST-dimethylene) isobutyramidine dihydrochloride, 2- (carbamoylazo) isobutyronitrile, 2,2 'azobis bis [2- (2 " -imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride and
- the polymerization initiators mentioned are used in customary amounts, for example in amounts of from 0.01 to 5, preferably 0.05 to 2.0 wt .-%, usually 0.05 to 0.30 wt .-%, based on the monomers to be polymerized.
- Redox initiators are preferred. They contain as oxidizing component at least one of the abovementioned peroxo compounds and as reducing component, for example, ascorbic acid, glucose, sorbose, ammonium or alkali metal sulfite, hydrogen sulfite, thiosulfate, hyposulfite, pyrosulfite or sulfide, metal salts, such as iron (II). ions or sodium hydroxymethyl sulfoxylate.
- reducing component of the redox catalyst is preferred ascorbic acid or sodium sulfite.
- reducing component a mixture of the sodium salt of 2-hydroxy-2-sulfinatoacetic acid, the disodium salt of 2-hydroxy-2-sulfonatoacetic acid and sodium bisulfite is also preferred.
- Such mixtures are available as Brüggolite® FF6 and Brüggolite® FF7 (Brüggemann Chemicals; Heilbronn; DE).
- Based on the amount of monomers used in the polymerization for example, 3 x 10 "6 to 1 mol% of the reducing component of the redox catalyst system and 0.001 to 5.0 mol% of the oxidizing component of the redox catalyst.
- photoinitiators are usually used as the initiator.
- the moisture content of the hydrous polymer gel is usually in the range of 20 to 80 wt .-%.
- the water-containing polymer gel is then converted in a manner known per se into a particulate polymer and then surface-postcrosslinked.
- the water-containing polymer gel obtained in the polymerization is usually first comminuted by known methods.
- the coarse comminution of the water-containing polymer gels by means of conventional tear and / or cutting tools, eg.
- a discharge pump in the case of polymerization in a cylindrical reactor or by a cutting roll or cutting roll combination in the case of belt polymerization.
- Another shredding is usually done with a gel chopper.
- a drying water-containing polymer gel is obtained directly.
- the coarsely dispersed polymer gel thus obtained is then heated at elevated temperature, e.g. B. in the range of 80 0 C to 250 0 C and in particular in the range of 100 0 C to 180 0 C, dried by known methods (see “Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology” Chapter 3.2.5).
- elevated temperature e.g. B. in the range of 80 0 C to 250 0 C and in particular in the range of 100 0 C to 180 0 C
- the method according to the invention comprises a surface postcrosslinking.
- the surface postcrosslinking is carried out in a manner known per se with dried, preferably ground and screened polymer particles.
- compounds having functional groups which can react with at least two carboxyl groups of the polymers with crosslinking are used.
- the functional groups can be present in the postcrosslinking agent in latent form, ie they are released only under the reaction conditions of the surface postcrosslinking.
- the postcrosslinking agents preferably in the form of an aqueous solution, are applied to the surface of the polymer particles.
- the aqueous solution may contain water-miscible organic solvents.
- Suitable solvents are, for example C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or ketones, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- Suitable postcrosslinkers are, for example:
- Di- or polyglycidyl compounds such as phosphonic acid diglycidyl ether or ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, bischlorohydrin ethers of polyalkylene glycols,
- Polyaziridines compounds containing aziridine units and based on polyethers or substituted hydrocarbons, for example bis-N-aziridinomethane,
- Diols and polyols e.g. Ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, glycerol, methyltriglycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, polyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight Mw of 200-10,000, di- and polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, the oxethylates of these polyols and their esters with carboxylic acids or with carbonic acid, such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate,
- Carbonic acid derivatives such as urea, thiourea, guanidine, dicyandiamide, 2-oxazolidinone and its derivatives, bisoxazoline, polyoxazolines, di- and polyisocyanates,
- Di- and poly-N-methylol compounds such as methylenebis (N-methylol-methacrylamide) or melamine-formaldehyde resins,
- Compounds with two or more blocked isocyanate groups such as trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate blocked with 2,2,3,6-tetramethylpiperidinone-4.
- acidic catalysts such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate may be added.
- the application of the crosslinker solution is preferably carried out by spraying a solution of the crosslinker in conventional reaction mixers or mixing and drying plants such as Patterson-Kelly mixers, DRAIS turbulence mixers, Lödige mixers, screw mixers, plate mixers, fluidized bed mixers and Schugi mix.
- a temperature treatment step can follow, preferably in a downstream dryer, at a temperature between 80 and 230 0 C, preferably between 100 and 160 0 C or 180 and 200 0 C, over a period of 5 minutes to 6 hours , preferably 10 minutes to 2 hours and more preferably 10 minutes to 1 hour, wherein both cleavage products and solvent portions can be removed.
- the drying can also be done in the mixer itself, by heating the jacket or blowing a preheated carrier gas.
- the SAP obtained are particularly suitable for the production of hygiene articles.
- the structure and shape of hygiene articles especially diapers, sanitary napkins and incontinence briefs and pants for adults, is well known and disclosed for example in EP-AO 316 518, EP-AO 202 127, DE 19737434, WO 00/65084, WO 00/65348 and WO 00/35502.
- Typical hygiene articles in the form of diapers, sanitary napkins and incontinence pads and pants include:
- (E) optionally, a recording layer located between (A) and (C).
- the liquid permeable cover (A) is the layer that has direct skin contact.
- the material for this consists of conventional synthetic or semi-synthetic fibers or films of polyester, polyolefins, rayon or natural fibers such as cotton.
- the fibers are usually to be bonded by binders such as polyacrylates.
- Preferred materials are polyester, rayon and their blends, polyethylene and polypropylene.
- the liquid-impermeable layer (B) is usually made of a film of polyethylene or polypropylene.
- the core (C) contains hydrophilic fiber material (C2) in addition to the water-absorbent resin (C1).
- hydrophilic is meant that aqueous liquids spread quickly over the fiber.
- the fibrous material is cellulose, modified cellulose, rayon, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate. Particularly preferred are cellulose fibers such as pulp.
- the fibers generally have a diameter of 1 to 200 .mu.m, preferably 10 to 100 .mu.m. In addition, the fibers have a minimum length of 2 mm.
- the proportion of the hydrophilic fiber material based on the total amount of the core is preferably 20 to 80 wt .-%, particularly preferably 40 to 70 wt .-%.
- Example 1 Storage stability of aqueous acrylic acid and neutralized acrylic acid
- Viscosity was measured with a Brookfield Viscometer (Model LVT, Spindle 1).
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
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JP2010500237A JP2010521580A (ja) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-03-20 | 輸送手段または管路中へのモノマー組成物の輸送 |
CN200880016264.9A CN101679188B (zh) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-03-20 | 单体组合物在运输工具或管道中的运输 |
US12/532,502 US20100056739A1 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-03-20 | Transportation of a Monomer Composition in a Transport Means or Pipe |
BRPI0809157-9A BRPI0809157A2 (pt) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-03-20 | Processos para transportar uma composição manomérica, e para preparar resinas que absorvem água. |
EP08735454.4A EP2139842B1 (de) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-03-20 | Transport einer monomer-zusammensetzung in einem verkehrsmittel oder einer rohrleitung |
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EP07104841.7 | 2007-03-23 | ||
EP07104841 | 2007-03-23 |
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WO2008116840A1 true WO2008116840A1 (de) | 2008-10-02 |
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PCT/EP2008/053422 WO2008116840A1 (de) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-03-20 | Transport einer monomer-zusammensetzung in einem verkehrsmittel oder einer rohrleitung |
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US (1) | US20100056739A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2139842B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2010521580A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101679188B (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0809157A2 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2009138982A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008116840A1 (de) |
Cited By (8)
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WO2012034929A2 (de) | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-22 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von acrylsäure aus methanol und essigsäure |
WO2012035019A1 (de) | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-22 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von acrysläure aus ethanol und formaldehyd |
US20120202952A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2012-08-09 | Funk Ruediger | Use of Heating Steam Condensate for Producing Water-Absorbent Polymer Particles |
WO2012112175A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Method for loading a monomer to a bulk container |
DE102011076931A1 (de) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-06 | Basf Se | Wässrige Lösung, enthaltend Acrylsäure und deren konjugierte Base |
WO2014070735A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for the production of acrylic acids and acrylates |
WO2017021167A1 (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-09 | Basf Se | Process for producing superabsorbents |
WO2021191041A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-30 | Basf Se | Process and plant for manufacturing aqueous polyacrylamide gels |
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WO2012102406A1 (ja) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-02 | 株式会社日本触媒 | ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法 |
JP5795813B2 (ja) | 2012-02-17 | 2015-10-14 | 株式会社日本触媒 | ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂およびその製造方法 |
KR102075735B1 (ko) * | 2017-02-16 | 2020-02-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법 |
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- 2008-03-20 US US12/532,502 patent/US20100056739A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-03-20 WO PCT/EP2008/053422 patent/WO2008116840A1/de active Application Filing
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US20120202952A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2012-08-09 | Funk Ruediger | Use of Heating Steam Condensate for Producing Water-Absorbent Polymer Particles |
US9751958B2 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2017-09-05 | Basf Se | Use of heating steam condensate for producing water-absorbent polymer particles |
US8507721B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-08-13 | Basf Se | Process for preparing acrylic acid from ethanol and formaldehyde |
WO2012035019A1 (de) | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-22 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von acrysläure aus ethanol und formaldehyd |
WO2012034929A2 (de) | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-22 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von acrylsäure aus methanol und essigsäure |
US8877966B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2014-11-04 | Basf Se | Process for preparing acrylic acid from methanol and acetic acid |
EP2675713B1 (de) * | 2011-02-17 | 2017-08-16 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Verfahren zum verladen eines monomers zu einem schüttgutbehälter |
US9302799B2 (en) | 2011-02-17 | 2016-04-05 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method for bulk transporting 2,6-xylenol susceptible to oxidative discoloration |
WO2012112175A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Method for loading a monomer to a bulk container |
WO2012163931A1 (de) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-06 | Basf Se | Wässrige lösung, enthaltend acrylsäure und deren konjugierte base |
US9150483B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2015-10-06 | Basf Se | Aqueous solution comprising acrylic acid and the conjugate base thereof |
DE102011076931A1 (de) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-06 | Basf Se | Wässrige Lösung, enthaltend Acrylsäure und deren konjugierte Base |
WO2014070735A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for the production of acrylic acids and acrylates |
WO2017021167A1 (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-09 | Basf Se | Process for producing superabsorbents |
US10226753B2 (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2019-03-12 | Basf Se | Process for producing superabsorbents |
WO2021191041A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-30 | Basf Se | Process and plant for manufacturing aqueous polyacrylamide gels |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101679188A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
CN101679188B (zh) | 2013-01-30 |
EP2139842A1 (de) | 2010-01-06 |
US20100056739A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
BRPI0809157A2 (pt) | 2014-09-16 |
RU2009138982A (ru) | 2011-04-27 |
JP2010521580A (ja) | 2010-06-24 |
EP2139842B1 (de) | 2014-03-05 |
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