WO2008107726A1 - Mécanisme de verrouillage de structures asismiques et sa méthode d'application - Google Patents

Mécanisme de verrouillage de structures asismiques et sa méthode d'application Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008107726A1
WO2008107726A1 PCT/GR2008/000015 GR2008000015W WO2008107726A1 WO 2008107726 A1 WO2008107726 A1 WO 2008107726A1 GR 2008000015 W GR2008000015 W GR 2008000015W WO 2008107726 A1 WO2008107726 A1 WO 2008107726A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wire rope
concrete
supporting element
vertical
concrete plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GR2008/000015
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nikolaos Drougos
Original Assignee
Nikolaos Drougos
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nikolaos Drougos filed Critical Nikolaos Drougos
Publication of WO2008107726A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008107726A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
    • E04B1/22—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material with parts being prestressed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/43—Floor structures of extraordinary design; Features relating to the elastic stability; Floor structures specially designed for resting on columns only, e.g. mushroom floors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements

Definitions

  • This invention refers to a mechanism installed in the resistance elements (supporting elements (3)) of a structure (new or existing) in order to eliminate the bending moments (21) and shearing forces (22) along these supporting elements and to absorb the D'Alembert inertia forces developed due to the seismic acceleration at the concrete plates (5) supported by the supporting elements (3) and the masses thereon. Thus, no shearing forces are created at the contact interfaces of the resistance elements and the concrete plates (5).
  • Two identical mechanisms are installed in each supporting element (3) and each mechanism is placed at the edges of two opposite sides of the supporting element (3) and in symmetry to the central vertical axis of the supporting element (3), in the common cladding concrete of the armatures (4) of the two adjacent sides.
  • Each mechanism consists of: a stretched wire rope (1) passing through an iron tube - guide (2) and placed vertically at the edge of the supporting element's (3) side, encased in the two adjacent sides' common cladding concrete of the armatures (4) of the supporting element (3). At a corresponding height, the wire rope (1) is connected in parallel to another wire rope (1) of the same diameter. At the connection point (6), the iron tube - guide (2) is locally widened.
  • the guides (2) of the two wire ropes (1) connected at the connection point (6) are inserted in the concrete plate (5) either straight, to be bended further on and straightened at the upper cladding concrete of the concrete plate's (5) armatures, or bended immediately after the connection (6) and straightened at the upper cladding concrete of the concrete plate's (5) armatures, but always at two different levels, perpendicular to each other.
  • One of the guides is located at the level of one of the supporting element's (3) sides, directed towards the other vertical edge and not the one of the unified branch of the wire rope (1) and the other guide (2) is at the level of the other, adjacent side of the common vertical edge of the vertical wire rope (1), directed towards the body of the supporting element (3).
  • the length of the guide's (2) straight part at the upper cladding concrete of the concrete plate (5) (which in many cases is zero) and of its curvature depends on the dimensions of the supporting elements (3) and the concrete plate (5) and is defined so as to achieve the same length for all the branches of this supporting element (3) and, if possible, for all branches of all the structure's supporting elements (3), for reasons of convenience.
  • the wire ropes (1) come out of the guides (2), they create an anchoring loop (7), whose level is parallel to the concrete plate's level.
  • the anchoring loop (7) is fitted with anchoring hooks (8) for the purpose of anchoring at the upper concrete plate (5).
  • the common vertical wire rope (1) comes out of the guide (2), it creates an anchoring loop (7).
  • the anchoring loop (7) is fitted with a corresponding metal ring (26), which passes through the bottom concrete plate (5) and this ring is fitted with corresponding anchoring hooks (10) for the purpose of anchoring at the bottom footplate of the bottom concrete plate (5).
  • the mechanisms are tightened with peripheral blades - collars (12), at least at the head (13) - that is the contact of the supporting element (3) with the beam (13) - the middle (14) and the footing (9) of the supporting element (3).
  • the collars (12) are screwed at their two ends (15) - which for this reason are especially shaped with screws (16) - and at the existing structures and they are riveted, through the openings they have with rivets (17), to the cladding concrete (4) of the supporting element's (3) armatures.
  • the opposite sides of each collar (12) are transversely connected with ogee armatures (27).
  • the collar (12) of the footing (9) passes through the anchoring loop (7) of the wire rope (1), pressing down a part of it.
  • the other part of the loop (7) is welded on the collar (12) with a metal half ring (19).
  • the collars (12) are encased in the brace's (3) lime-cast (20), in the case of existing structures, or in the cladding concrete (4) of the armatures, in case of new structures.
  • the current reinforcement methods for the resistance elements of structures principally aim at removing from the armature the tensions developed thereon and not at reducing or eliminating the structures' oscillations, which are generated by the seismic acceleration.
  • the structure's oscillations, generated by the seismic acceleration, are eliminated, with no failures, since the wire rope (1) absorbs the developed D' Alembert inertia forces, thus completely relieving the resistance elements from bending by infinitely increasing the strength factor and the rigidity of each supporting element (3) and zeroing the diagrams of bending moments (21) and shearing forces (22) in height, as well as the tearing forces (23) at the interfaces of the concrete plates and the resistance elements.
  • the method, and consequently the mechanism is applied both in structures with concrete load bearing elements and load bearing walls, in new and existing structures, by implementing the installation method with the exact same positive results for all categories of structures.
  • the mechanism's installation, both in new and existing structures, is made at safe (statically neutral) areas of the bearing structure, which are the following: the cladding concrete (4) of the armatures of the supporting elements (3) and the concrete plates (5) and two small areas of the concrete plates (5) with negative torque (namely on conventionally fissured concrete).
  • this mechanism comprises an additional armature for the concrete plates (5) as regards the static loads, such as the collars (12) for the supporting elements (3).
  • the mechanism absorbs and transfers the seismic forces axially, both for the concrete plates (5) and the supporting elements (3).
  • This structure-locking mechanism is easily and quickly installed (in new and existing structures) at a very low cost.
  • Hooke's law expresses the relationship of the tensile force F and the elongation caused to a wire rope (1) by this force.
  • ⁇ l is the generated acceleration
  • F is the tensile force
  • S ⁇ is the metal cross-section of the wire rope (1)
  • Io is the initial length of the wire rope (1)
  • Figure 13, 14 and 15 illustrate the mechanisms as to their form, their placement in the ground plan and their way of placement at the load bearing walls, when the load-bearing elements of a structure is constituted by load- bearing walls (3'), because of their rigidity.
  • the vertical branch is used for the four directions of oscillation. Specifically in the corners of intersection of two adjacent load-bearing walls it is common, that is to say belongs in both adjacent walls (3'). They are placed in the internal side of walls (3) for the anchoring of four horizontal sectors, at the upper footing of the concrete plate (5) or the ceiling (5 1 ).
  • we calculate of the seismic forces to be undertaken by the mechanisms and the required pretension force we follow the same path and we take under consideration that the mechanisms of common edges of walls (3 '), participate in both adjacent load-bearing walls (3 1 )-
  • figure (1) and figure (2) explain the strength factor of the supporting elements (3), either rectangular or flattened, with big ratio between the width and the height of the cross-section (commonly, walls).
  • Figure (3) illustrates the static operational model of one floor supporting element in height (without the installation of wire ropes (I)), loaded during the seismic acceleration by the D' Alembert inertia forces of each floor of the concrete plates (5) and the corresponding diagrams of bending moments (21) and shearing forces (22) at a particular moment.
  • Figure (4) illustrates the transformation of the static operational model in height of a supporting element (3), following the wire rope's (1) attachment to the tensile side and its corresponding pretension, which is then transformed from cantilevered to a model of continuous beam with rigid body, loaded by floor by the inertia forces of the concrete plates (5), at the supports, and as a result we get zero values at the diagrams of bending moments (21) and shearing forces (22).
  • Figure (5) illustrates the direction (lateral) of the shearing and the failure resulting from that, in bending-shearing stress.
  • Figure (6) illustrates how the shearing force (22) is transformed to shearing strength (23) at the contact interface, when we practically make the stiffness index of the supporting element (3) with the wire rope (1) infinite, thus preventing bending deformation, and how failure occurs.
  • Figures 7 and 8 illustrate one of the two mechanisms forming the complete restraining mechanism, installed at the supporting element (3) with its two branches developed at the levels of the two perpendicular sides, in accordance with figures (7) and (8).
  • Figure 9 illustrates, indicativelly, the mechanism of the supporting element (3), as this is manufactured in the factory.
  • Figure 10 illustrates the two mechanisms of a supporting element in two horizontal sections at the height of the upper concrete plate (5) and the body of the supporting element (3).
  • Figure 11 illustrates indicative shapes of the hooks (8) and (10) and the collars (12).
  • Figure 12 illustrates the typical shuttering of a multi-storey building's floor, which accompanies the example of calculation of the aseismic restraining mechanism given below.
  • Figure 13 illustrates the mechanism for structures with load-bearing walls.
  • Figure 14 illustrates the mechanism placed in load-bearing walls between two floors.
  • figure 15 illustrates the indicative positions of placement of mechanisms in the ground plan of a building with load-bearing stonewall.
  • Bi The weight of the concrete plate (5) of the specific floor in Kp.
  • ⁇ The seismic factor
  • v The number of the specific floor's supporting elements.
  • n The desired safety factor.
  • Io The initial length of the wire rope (1) in mm D ⁇ : The stiffness index of the supporting element (3) in Kp/mm.
  • ⁇ D ⁇ The sum of the stiffness indices of the floor's supporting elements (3) along direction ⁇ - ⁇ .
  • Breaking load 1O n.
  • n 3 and wire rope (1) in compliance with DIN 655 ⁇ 24mm, with breaking load 33.750 ton.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un mécanisme de verrouillage de structures asismiques d'éléments porteurs consistant en un câble vertical (1) placé dans un guide (2), et se dédoublant à une hauteur appropriée en deux branches horizontales perpendiculaires l'une à l'autre. Deux mécanismes sont installés aux deux bords diagonaux de chaque élément porteur (3) de tous les étages. Les branches horizontales sont ancrées dans le plancher supérieur (5) et la branche verticale dans le plancher inférieur (5), après avoir été précontraintes. Dans les structures à murs porteurs (3') les mécanismes sont installés aux coins intérieurs de l'intersection de deux murs adjacents (3'), mais également dans les côtés des murs. Leurs quatre branches horizontales sont ancrées dans le plancher (5) ou dans le plafond (5 '). La branche verticale est ancrée à la base (9) du mur (5 ') ou plus haut, après avoir été précontrainte. Ainsi, les moments de flexion (21) et les forces de cisaillement (22) le long des éléments porteurs (3) ou des murs porteurs (3 ') s'annulent, et les forces (5) de d'Alembert sont absorbées. La méthode peut s'appliquer à des structures existantes ou nouvelles.
PCT/GR2008/000015 2007-03-02 2008-02-28 Mécanisme de verrouillage de structures asismiques et sa méthode d'application WO2008107726A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GR20070100142 2007-03-02
GR20070100142A GR1005862B (el) 2007-03-02 2007-03-02 Αντισεισμικος μηχανισμος ακινητοποιησης των κατασκευων.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008107726A1 true WO2008107726A1 (fr) 2008-09-12

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ID=38728854

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GR2008/000015 WO2008107726A1 (fr) 2007-03-02 2008-02-28 Mécanisme de verrouillage de structures asismiques et sa méthode d'application

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GR (1) GR1005862B (fr)
WO (1) WO2008107726A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101787751B (zh) * 2010-01-28 2012-01-11 黄昆 房屋安全带保命装置及一种房屋结构及其建造方法
GR1007931B (el) * 2012-02-08 2013-07-04 Τριανταφυλλος Κωνσταντινου Μακαριος Αντισεισμικος μεταλλικος μηχανισμος κομβου-δοκων οπλισμενου σκυροδεματος
ITBO20120564A1 (it) * 2012-10-16 2014-04-17 Anton Massimo Galluccio Metodo e apparecchiatura per il rinforzo di strutture edilizie
IT201700056983A1 (it) * 2017-05-25 2018-11-25 Enzo Morelli Armatura antisismica, centrale e periferica, nelle costruzioni in muratura, nuove ed esistenti, (muratura armata), tale da realizzazre un'ossatura unica per avere un comportanento scatolare durante i terremoti

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3237357A (en) * 1962-01-10 1966-03-01 Carl H Hutchings Wall and floor construction of prestressed concrete
US3605362A (en) * 1969-06-10 1971-09-20 Stone & Webster Eng Corp Connection system for relieving stress in concrete structures

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1572843A (en) * 1977-03-10 1980-08-06 Kanagawa K Building and/or a building method using columns of cruciform section and beams
FR2862995B1 (fr) * 2003-12-01 2006-02-03 Jean Louis Desbordes Poutre souple autocontrainte et portiques souples parasismiques

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3237357A (en) * 1962-01-10 1966-03-01 Carl H Hutchings Wall and floor construction of prestressed concrete
US3605362A (en) * 1969-06-10 1971-09-20 Stone & Webster Eng Corp Connection system for relieving stress in concrete structures

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101787751B (zh) * 2010-01-28 2012-01-11 黄昆 房屋安全带保命装置及一种房屋结构及其建造方法
GR1007931B (el) * 2012-02-08 2013-07-04 Τριανταφυλλος Κωνσταντινου Μακαριος Αντισεισμικος μεταλλικος μηχανισμος κομβου-δοκων οπλισμενου σκυροδεματος
ITBO20120564A1 (it) * 2012-10-16 2014-04-17 Anton Massimo Galluccio Metodo e apparecchiatura per il rinforzo di strutture edilizie
IT201700056983A1 (it) * 2017-05-25 2018-11-25 Enzo Morelli Armatura antisismica, centrale e periferica, nelle costruzioni in muratura, nuove ed esistenti, (muratura armata), tale da realizzazre un'ossatura unica per avere un comportanento scatolare durante i terremoti

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GR1005862B (el) 2008-04-07

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