WO2008103073A1 - Assemblage électrode-membrane pour pile à combustible et procédé de fabrication correspondant (et variantes) - Google Patents

Assemblage électrode-membrane pour pile à combustible et procédé de fabrication correspondant (et variantes) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008103073A1
WO2008103073A1 PCT/RU2008/000094 RU2008000094W WO2008103073A1 WO 2008103073 A1 WO2008103073 A1 WO 2008103073A1 RU 2008000094 W RU2008000094 W RU 2008000094W WO 2008103073 A1 WO2008103073 A1 WO 2008103073A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oie
membrane
gas diffusion
pbi
polymer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2008/000094
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Mikhail Romanovich Tarasevich
Vera Aleksandrovna Bogdanovskaya
Viktor Vladimirovich Emets
Aleksandr Davidovich Modestov
Original Assignee
Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennost'yu 'natsional'naya Innovatsionnaya Kompaniya 'novye Energeticheskie Proekty'
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2007106659/09A external-priority patent/RU2331145C1/ru
Priority claimed from RU2007108663/09A external-priority patent/RU2328797C1/ru
Application filed by Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennost'yu 'natsional'naya Innovatsionnaya Kompaniya 'novye Energeticheskie Proekty' filed Critical Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennost'yu 'natsional'naya Innovatsionnaya Kompaniya 'novye Energeticheskie Proekty'
Publication of WO2008103073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008103073A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
    • H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • Membrane — electrode block for a fuel cell and method of its manufacture (options).
  • the invention relates to the field of fuel cells (FC).
  • the invention relates to the OIE for air-hydrogen or air-alcohol fuel cells (with liquid fuel) using proton-conducting membranes based on polymer compounds with operating temperatures up to 22O 0 C.
  • the OIE containing an electrolyte membrane made of proton-conducting polybenzimidazole (PBI), catalytic layers adjacent to the membrane, and gas diffusion layers adjacent to the catalytic layers (U.S. Pat. No. 6946211 HO 8/10, 2005).
  • PBI proton-conducting polybenzimidazole
  • catalytic layers adjacent to the membrane catalytic layers adjacent to the membrane
  • gas diffusion layers adjacent to the catalytic layers U.S. Pat. No. 6946211 HO 8/10, 2005.
  • the closest in terms of essential features and technical result achieved is the Zfc method for manufacturing OIEs, which includes: manufacturing a membrane based on PBI doped with acid, gas diffusion electrodes with catalytic layers, assembling the OIE by placing the membrane between gas diffusion electrodes (US patent N ° 6946211, HOlM 8/10, 2005).
  • This method of manufacturing the OIE is difficult to assemble, since the membrane has low mechanical strength and does not provide the required electrical characteristics.
  • the objective of the invention is the creation of the OIE and a method for its manufacture having an operating temperature of up to 200 0 C and having high electrical characteristics and ease of assembly.
  • the OIE for the fuel cell contains a proton-conducting membrane made of PBI polymer as an electrolyte, gas diffusion electrodes with catalytically active layers adjacent to opposite sides of the membrane, while the membrane is made of PBI-O-FT polymer with the general formula
  • gas diffusion electrodes are made of hydrophobized carbon material, and the catalytic layers contain a platinum catalyst on a carbon support in an amount of 0.4 ⁇ 0.5 mg / cm 2 .
  • OIE with specified PBI and the catalyst has high electrical characteristics and an operating temperature of up to 200 0 C.
  • the OIE membrane be doped with phosphoric or sulfuric acid. Doping with these acids increases the membrane conductivity and does not require moisture.
  • gas diffusion electrodes of the OIE along the perimeter be equipped with frames of polymer material.
  • frames of polymer material simplifies the assembly of the OIE and protects the membrane from mechanical damage.
  • the OIE for a hydrogen-hydrogen fuel cell contains a proton-conducting membrane made of PBI polymer as an electrolyte, gas diffusion electrodes with catalytically active layers adjacent to opposite sides of the membrane, the membrane made of PBI-O-FT polymer with the general formula
  • the gas diffusion anode and cathode are made of hydrophobized carbon material
  • the catalytic layer of the anode contains a platinum catalyst on a carbon support in an amount of 15 ⁇ 20%
  • the catalytic layer of the cathode contains a binary PtCo catalyst with a platinum content of 5 ⁇ 10%.
  • the OIE with the specified PBI and catalysts has high electrical characteristics and an operating temperature of up to 200 0 C.
  • the OIE membrane be doped with phosphoric or sulfuric acid
  • the gas diffusion anode and the OIE cathode along the perimeter are provided with frames made of polymer material
  • the frames of the OIE gas diffusion electrodes are provided with holes for accommodating fasteners during assembly.
  • gas diffusion electrodes made of hydrophobized carbon material and the catalyst is introduced platinum catalyst on a carbon support in an amount of 0.4 ⁇ 0.5 mg / cm 2.
  • the manufacture of a membrane from PBI-O-FT, gas diffusion electrodes from hydrophobized carbon material and the introduction of a platinum catalyst on a carbon support in an amount of 0.4 ⁇ 0.5 mg / cm 2 allows you to get the OIE with the specified characteristics. It is advisable that the gas diffusion electrodes
  • OIE were made with frames made of polymer material located around the perimeter. The presence of frames around the perimeter of the electrodes simplifies the assembly of the OIE and prevents the membrane from mechanical damage.
  • the technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the manufacturing method of the OIE, in which an acid-doped membrane based on PBI, a gas diffusion cathode and an anode with catalytic layers are made, the OIE is assembled by placing the membrane between the gas diffusion cathode and anode, the membrane is made of PBI-O-FT polymer with the general formula
  • the gas diffusion cathode and anode are made of hydrophobized carbon material, a platinum catalyst on a carbon support in the amount of 15 ⁇ 20% is introduced into the catalytic layer, a binary PtCo catalyst with a platinum content of 5 ⁇ 10 is introduced into the catalytic layer of the cathode %
  • a membrane from PBI-O-FT, a gas diffusion cathode and anode from hydrophobized carbon material and the introduction of a platinum catalyst on a carbon support into the catalytic layer of the anode in an amount of 15 ⁇ 20%, and into the catalytic layer of the cathode of a binary PtCo catalyst with a platinum content of 5 ⁇ 10% allows you to get the OIE with the specified characteristics.
  • the gas diffusion electrodes of the OIE be made with frames of polymer material located around the perimeter.
  • the presence of frames around the perimeter of the electrodes simplifies the assembly of the OIE and prevents the membrane from mechanical damage.
  • FIG. 2 The test results of the OIE of an air-hydrogen fuel cell at an electrode area of 25 cm 2 and a temperature of 16O 0 C are presented.
  • Fig. 3 shows the test results of the OIE of an air-alcohol fuel cell at a temperature of 200 0 C.
  • Fig. 4 Comparative current-voltage characteristics of the OIE of oxygen-hydrogen fuel cells for two catalysts are presented: PtCo (7.3% Pt) and E-TEK (20% Pt).
  • Figure 5 shows the comparative discharge characteristics of the OIE of oxygen-hydrogen fuel cells for two catalysts: PtCo (7.3% Pt) and E-TEK (20% Pt).
  • the OIE (Fig. 1) contains a lower power plate 1, a cathode with an attached frame 2, a membrane made of PBI 3, an anode with an attached frame 4, and an upper power plate 5.
  • Doping of the PBI film was carried out by immersing the film in a glass with concentrated (85%) phosphoric acid, adjusting the temperature of phosphoric acid to 90-100 0 C in a water bath, holding at this temperature for 1 hour. As a result of doping, the linear dimensions of the film increased by 30–40%. After that, a beaker containing PBI-O-FT film and phosphoric acid was cooled to room temperature. The film was removed from a glass with phosphoric acid and laid on a smooth surface. polymer film. It is preferable to use a flat glass coated with a thin 40-100 microns. plastic wrap. Drops of phosphoric acid were removed from the surface with filter paper. The PBI-O-FT film doped in this way was used to assemble the MEA of medium-temperature TE.
  • Hydrophobized gas diffusion layers for gas diffusion electrodes were made using carbon paper Toru and aqueous fluoroplastic suspension. For the manufacture of an electrode with a working area of 25 cm 2, 2 squares 56x56 mm in size were cut out of carbon paper. The hydrophobization of the gas diffusion layer of carbon paper was carried out as follows. Carbon paper was impregnated with an aqueous suspension of fluoroplastic by dipping into an aqueous solution with a fluoroplastic content of 0.14 kg / liter. The paper was removed from the solution and droplets of the suspension were removed from its surface with filter paper.
  • Evaporation during slow heating to 12O 0 C removed water from the paper volume, after which the temperature of the carbon paper was raised to 400 0 C within 2 hours with holding at this temperature for 30 minutes.
  • the obtained gas diffusion layer with a fluoropolymer content of 20 wt.% was used for the manufacture of electrodes.
  • the production of gas diffusion layers was completed by applying a microporous hydrophobic layer to one of the surfaces of hydrophobized carbon paper.
  • the microporous layer consisted of carbon black XC72R and fluoroplastic in a mass ratio of carbon black / fluoroplast 1/1.
  • the total amount of carbon black and fluoroplastic in the microporous layer was 0.5 mg / cm.
  • the microporous layer was applied by airbrushing.
  • gas diffusion electrodes were carried out by spraying the active layer on a microporous layer of a gas diffusion layer.
  • the active layer was applied by spraying an aqueous suspension containing a platinum catalyst and fluoroplastic.
  • the fluoroplast / carbon black ratio in the catalytic ink was 1 / 0.4.
  • an airbrush was used for spraying.
  • the following composition was poured into the airbrush.
  • 5 ml of ink was prepared for the manufacture of one electrode with a working area of 25 cm 2 .
  • the electrode After applying the active layer, the electrode was placed in a furnace and the heating was turned on. The temperature was raised to 25O 0 C for 1 hour, with exposure at this temperature for 1 hour. Then the temperature was raised to 36O 0 C for 20 minutes. Upon reaching this temperature, the finished electrode was removed from the furnace and weighed to determine the amount of catalyst deposited on the electrode. By weighing it was found that the mass of GDS after applying the active layer to it increased by 48.5 mg. Subtracting the mass of the catalyst co-carrier and fluoroplastic, this amounts to 0.49 mg of platinum per 1 cm 2 of the surface of the obtained electrode.
  • Attaching a frame from a PMF-A film to a gas diffusion electrode 2 square sheets of 10x10 cm film were cut from the PMF-A film according to the template in accordance with the dimensions of the graphite blocks of the TE layout. 50x50 mm windows were cut out in the center of the sheets, and holes were made around the perimeter for the tie bolts of the TE layout.
  • the electrode was placed on the titanium mold with the active layer up. A PMF-A film was applied to the electrode so that the window in the film was located above the electrode. In this case, the frame should overlap the electrode along the entire perimeter of the electrode with a strip of 3 mm wide on each side of the window in the film.
  • a punch with a window 50x50 mm in size was placed on top of the electrode with a frame so that the window in the film coincided with the window in the punch.
  • the mold was placed in an automatic hydraulic press, the platforms of which were preheated to 19O 0 C. They were pressed at 4000 N for 4 minutes. After opening the press, the electrode with the attached frame was removed from the mold.
  • the procedure was repeated with a second electrode. Fluoroplastic gasket cutting.
  • the thickness of the gaskets was calculated from the condition: the thickness of the gaskets + the thickness of the two frames should be 20-30 microns less than the thickness of the working part of the OIE.
  • the working part of the OIE had a thickness of 660 ⁇ m.
  • a fluoroplastic sheet with a thickness of 260 ⁇ m was used for the manufacture of gaskets.
  • the gaskets were cut according to the template with holes corresponding to the TE layout. A 32x32 mm window for electrodes was cut out in the center of the gaskets.
  • the first fluoroplastic gasket was placed on the glass plate.
  • a cathode gas diffusion electrode with a polyimide frame was placed on the gasket so that the electrode was completely in the gasket window.
  • the doped PBI membrane located on the polyethylene film was lowered upward on the cathode so that the membrane completely covered the window in the PMF-A film, covering an additional 2-4 mm of frame on all sides of the window.
  • An anode with an attached frame was lowered onto the membrane, achieving matching holes in both frames for the coupling bolts, and pressed the anode tightly against the membrane.
  • the OIE is ready.
  • the finished OIE was placed on the lower graphite block of the prototype, covered with the upper graphite block, inserted and tightened the coupling bolts.
  • the model was installed in a test bench and turned on the supply of dry gases (hydrogen and oxygen) and heating began. The tests were carried out at a flow rate of hydrogen of 0.5 l / min and air 2 l / min.
  • Implementation example 2 Production of an OIE of an air-alcohol fuel cell.
  • the OIE was made according to the sequence of operations used in example 1.
  • the OIE had electrodes with a working area of 5 cm 2 . Accordingly, the sizes of all OIE parts and the amount of ink being prepared.
  • the anode gas diffusion electrode was manufactured using an electrocatalyst based on a platinum-ruthenium alloy.
  • a commercial PtRu 30% catalyst on an E-TEK carbon support was used.
  • the alloy content on the anode was 1 mg / cm 2 .
  • a platinum catalyst with a platinum content of 40mac was used for the manufacture of a cathode gas diffusion electrode.
  • the amount of platinum at the cathode was 1 mg / cm 2 .
  • Nitrogen was supplied to the space of the anode gas diffusion electrode with an ethanol vapor content of about 10 mol% at atmospheric pressure.
  • Pure oxygen was supplied to the space of the cathode gas diffusion electrode under atmospheric pressure.
  • Implementation example 3 Production of OIE of oxygen-hydrogen fuel cell.
  • Doping of the PBI film was carried out as in example 1.
  • the manufacture of electrodes was carried out by applying an active layer (AC) on a gas diffusion layer (GDS).
  • GDS in the form of squares 2.6 x 2.6 cm was cut out of carbon paper Toru TGP-H-090 0.28 mm thick and weighed. Both GDS were impregnated with an aqueous suspension of ftoroplast F-4D. The process of impregnation was carried out as in example 1.
  • the active layer of the cathode and anode was applied to the GDS by spraying a water-ethanol suspension (catalytic ink) using an airbrush.
  • the AC anode contained a platinum-containing catalyst E-TEK (20% Pt) and fluoroplastic PTFE TE® 3859 (DuPopt).
  • the soot / fluoroplast ratio at the anode was 1 / 0.8.
  • the AC cathode consisted of a PtCo catalyst (7.3% Pt), PTFE TE® 3859 fluoroplastic (DuPopt), and PBI.
  • the soot / fluoroplast / PBI ratio at the cathode was 1 / 0.7 / 0.3.
  • catalytic ink containing 40 mg of E-TEK platinum-containing catalyst (20% Pt) 400 ml of water, 0.183 ml of an aqueous fluoroplastic suspension with a fluoroplastic content of 0.14 kg / liter and 20 ml of glycerol.
  • catalytic ink was prepared by mixing 40 mg of PtCo catalyst containing 7.3% Pt 400 ml of water, 0.185 ml of an aqueous fluoroplastic suspension with a fluoroplastic content of 0.14 kg / liter and 30 ml of glycerol.
  • the resulting mixtures were mixed using an ultrasonic bath for 60 minutes. Immediately before spraying, 400 ml of ethanol was added to the cathodic and anodic inks.
  • the squares of the GDS were placed on a special thermostatic table at a temperature of 90-110 0 C. After applying the active layer, the electrode was placed in a furnace and the heating was turned on. The temperature was raised to 250 0 C for 1 hour, with exposure at this temperature for 1 hour. Then the temperature was raised to 36O 0 C. After that, the finished electrodes were removed from the furnace, weighed. Weighing made it possible to determine the real weight of the active layer.
  • Electrodes have low mechanical strength. When the PBI-O-FT membrane contacts the electrodes, membrane breaks can occur along the perimeter of the electrodes.
  • electrodes were attached polyimide framework. From a polyimide film with a teflonized surface with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, 2 square sheets 10x10 cm in size were cut corresponding to the sizes of the graphite blocks of the TE layout. Holes were cut around the perimeter of the film, for the tie bolts of the TE layout, and in the center of the window 2.2x2.2 in size. The electrodes were placed on the titanium mold with the active layer up.
  • a polyimide film was applied to the electrode so that the frame overlapped the electrode along the entire perimeter of the electrode with a strip of 2 mm wide on each side of the window in the film, and covered with a punch with a window of 2, 2x2, 2 mm in size.
  • the mold was placed in an automatic hydraulic press, the platforms of which were preheated to 19O 0 C and pressed with a force of 700 N for 3 minutes. The result was an electrode with a polyimide frame attached to it.
  • Assembly and testing of the OIE To assemble the OIE, 2 fluoroplastic gaskets were first prepared. The thickness of the gaskets was 20-30 microns less than the thickness of the working part of the OIE. The working part of the OIE had a thickness of 920 ⁇ m.
  • a fluoroplastic sheet 260 ⁇ m thick was used for the manufacture of gaskets.
  • the gaskets were cut according to the template with holes corresponding to the TE layout.
  • a window measuring 27x27 mm for electrodes was cut out in the center of the gaskets.
  • a cathode was placed in the window of the first gasket.
  • a doped PBI membrane was placed on top of it, the linear dimensions of which were 2 times the linear dimensions of the electrode.
  • the anode was lowered onto the membrane and pressed firmly against the membrane.
  • the resulting membrane-electrode block was tested as part of a prototype hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. FC tests were carried out at a temperature of 160 0 C without excessive gas pressure. Costs hydrogen was 0.1 l / min and oxygen was 0.2 l / min. In the figures of Fig. 2 and 3, the results of test 2 of the OIE are compared. In the OIE with PtCo (7.3% Pt) catalyst, the cathode contains 0.36 mg / cm Pt.
  • the cathode contains 1 mg / cm Pt in the form of a standard E-TEK catalyst (20% Pt).
  • the carbon black content in the AC of the tested cathodes containing the PtCo catalyst and commercial E-TEK was 3.06 and 4 mg / cm, respectively; therefore, the cathode thickness differed little.
  • the figures show that the discharge and power characteristics of oxygen-hydrogen, PBI TE differ slightly, despite the fact that platinum was taken 1 cm 2 in the case of PtCo 3 times less than in the case of commercial E-TEK.
  • the use of PtCo catalyst can significantly reduce the amount of platinum, without reducing the discharge characteristics of the fuel cell

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la conception d'assemblages électrode-membrane destinés aux piles à combustible à hydrogène/air ou alcool/air utilisant un électrolyte polymère conducteur de photons à base d'un film polybenzimidazole dopé par l'acide phosphorique et deux électrodes à diffusion de gaz. Selon l'invention, l'électrolyte polymère conducteur de protons pour la fabrication d'une membrane de pile à combustible est fabriqué à partir d'un polymère PBI-O-PhT dopé par un acide fort (phosphorique ou sulfurique). L'utilisation de cette membrane permet de porter la température de travail de la pile à combustible à 220°C. Sur des exemples concrets on a montré l'utilisation d'assemblages électrode-membrane avec le polymère PBI-O-PhT, dopé par un acide phosphorique, en tant que membrane conductrice de protons dans une pile à combustible à hydrogène/air ou alcool/oxygène.
PCT/RU2008/000094 2007-02-22 2008-02-20 Assemblage électrode-membrane pour pile à combustible et procédé de fabrication correspondant (et variantes) WO2008103073A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2007106659 2007-02-22
RU2007106659/09A RU2331145C1 (ru) 2007-02-22 2007-02-22 Мембранно-электродный блок (мэб) для топливного элемента и способ его изготовления
RU2007108663/09A RU2328797C1 (ru) 2007-03-09 2007-03-09 Мембранно-электродный блок (мэб) для кислородно(воздушно)-водородного топливного элемента и способ его изготовления
RU2007108663 2007-03-09

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WO2008103073A1 true WO2008103073A1 (fr) 2008-08-28

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111682248A (zh) * 2020-06-29 2020-09-18 香港科技大学 一种具有高质子电导率和离子选择性的pbi膜活化处理方法
CN115064745A (zh) * 2022-06-08 2022-09-16 南东北 Pbi磷酸膜电极的制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004139783A (ja) * 2002-10-16 2004-05-13 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 高分子電解質型燃料電池
RU2230400C1 (ru) * 2002-11-18 2004-06-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Индепендент Пауэр Технолоджис" "ИПТ" Спиртово-воздушный топливный элемент
US6946211B1 (en) * 1999-09-09 2005-09-20 Danish Power Systems Aps Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
JP2006140152A (ja) * 2004-11-09 2006-06-01 Samsung Sdi Co Ltd 燃料電池用電極、これを含む燃料電池用膜／電極アセンブリ、及び燃料電池システム

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6946211B1 (en) * 1999-09-09 2005-09-20 Danish Power Systems Aps Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
JP2004139783A (ja) * 2002-10-16 2004-05-13 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 高分子電解質型燃料電池
RU2230400C1 (ru) * 2002-11-18 2004-06-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Индепендент Пауэр Технолоджис" "ИПТ" Спиртово-воздушный топливный элемент
JP2006140152A (ja) * 2004-11-09 2006-06-01 Samsung Sdi Co Ltd 燃料電池用電極、これを含む燃料電池用膜／電極アセンブリ、及び燃料電池システム

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111682248A (zh) * 2020-06-29 2020-09-18 香港科技大学 一种具有高质子电导率和离子选择性的pbi膜活化处理方法
CN115064745A (zh) * 2022-06-08 2022-09-16 南东北 Pbi磷酸膜电极的制备方法

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