WO2008090312A1 - Système de mesure de pression dans un cylindre - Google Patents

Système de mesure de pression dans un cylindre Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008090312A1
WO2008090312A1 PCT/GB2008/000119 GB2008000119W WO2008090312A1 WO 2008090312 A1 WO2008090312 A1 WO 2008090312A1 GB 2008000119 W GB2008000119 W GB 2008000119W WO 2008090312 A1 WO2008090312 A1 WO 2008090312A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
engine
poppet valve
combustion chamber
cylinder
internal combustion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/000119
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Steven Kenchington
Original Assignee
Lotus Cars Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lotus Cars Limited filed Critical Lotus Cars Limited
Publication of WO2008090312A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008090312A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/10—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
    • G01L23/22—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
    • G01L23/221—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/08—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring pressure in cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2167—Sensing means
    • F01L2009/2169—Position sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2400/00—Control systems adapted for specific engine types; Special features of engine control systems not otherwise provided for; Power supply, connectors or cabling for engine control systems
    • F02D2400/08—Redundant elements, e.g. two sensors for measuring the same parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
    • F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
    • F02D41/3035—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the premixed charge compression-ignition mode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an in-cylinder pressure measurement system for use in an internal combustion engine having poppet valves.
  • United States patent US 4,672,843 discloses a peak combustion pressure timing sensor for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine.
  • the sensor is mounted between a stiff mounting plate (held by bolts on the cylinder head) and a spring retainer on top of a valve stem of an intake valve of the engine.
  • the sensor is of the proximity type with a sensing coil in close proximity to the valve spring retainer. An electric current in the coil is effected by changing reluctance due to movement of the nearby valve spring retainer and provides an electric output signal indicative of the movement.
  • the sensor is designed to detect peak pressure in the cylinder and functions as a peak combustion pressure timing detector. The signal provided by the sensor does not accurately indicate absolute pressure since only the peak is detected.
  • the present invention provides in a first aspect an internal combustion engine comprising: a cylinder; a piston reciprocating in the cylinder and defining with the cylinder a combustion chamber; first and second poppet valves controlling admission of air into the combustion chamber and/or exhaust of combusted gases from the combustion chamber; a first position sensor associated with the first poppet valve which measures deflection of the first poppet valve when the first poppet valve is closed and deflects under pressure applied by gases in the combustion chamber; a second position sensor associated with the second poppet valve which measures deflection of the second poppet valve when the second poppet valve is closed and deflects under pressure applied by gases in the combustion chamber; and an electronic engine management system for the engine which aggregates deflection signals from the first and second position sensors and from the aggregated signals determines a value for in-cylinder pressure.
  • the present invention provides in a second aspect an internal combustion engine comprising: a cylinder; a piston reciprocating in the cylinder and defining with the cylinder a combustion chamber; a plurality of inlet poppet valves controlling admission of air into the combustion chamber; a plurality of exhaust poppet valves controlling exhaust of combusted gases from the combustion chamber; a plurality of position sensors, one for each of the inlet and exhaust valves, each of which measures deflection of the poppet valve associated therewith when the poppet valve is closed and deflects under pressure applied by gases in the combustion chamber; and an electronic engine management system for the engine which aggregates deflection signals from the position sensors and from the aggregated signals determines a value for in-cylinder pressure.
  • the present invention reliably produces a value for absolute in-cylinder pressure.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with an in-cylinder pressure detector according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of one of the poppet valves of Figure 1 in an unpressurised condition
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the Figure 2 poppet valve in a pressurised condition.
  • Figure 1 there can be seen a cylinder 12 of an internal combustion engine. Although only one cylinder is shown in the Figure, the cylinder could be one of a plurality of cylinders of the internal combustion engine, each configured as shown in Figure 1.
  • the cylinder 12 is provided in a cylinder block 13 and a piston 11 reciprocates in the cylinder 12 and defines with the cylinder 12 a combustion chamber 10.
  • the engine illustrated is a spark-ignition engine and has a spark plug 29.
  • a fuel injector 30 is illustrated which delivers fuel to air flowing through the inlet runner 15 into the combustion chamber 10.
  • the inlet poppet valve 14 is opened and closed by a hydraulic actuator 19 which comprises a piston 20 movable in a cylinder 22 under hydraulic pressure.
  • An electrohydraulic servo-valve 23 controls the flow of hydraulic fluid to and from the cylinder 22.
  • Pressurised hydraulic fluid can be provided from a pump 24 to either side of the piston 20 in order to open or close the poppet valve 14.
  • Either side of the piston 20 can also be connected to a fluid return in the form of a sump 25 for hydraulic fluid, from which the pump 24 draws fluid to be pressurised.
  • the exhaust poppet valve 16 is similarly opened and closed by a hydraulic actuator 27, identical to the previously described actuator 19.
  • An electrohydraulic servo-valve 28 is provided to control flow of fluid to and from an actuator 27.
  • An electronic controller 31 is provided to control the electrohydraulic servo-valves 23 and 28 and thereby the opening and closing of the poppet valves 14 and 16.
  • the electronic controller 31 also controls the operation of the spark plug 29.
  • Two position sensors 40 and 41 are associated respectively with the hydraulic actuators 22 and 27. These position sensors function in the same way; taking the example of sensor 40, it detects the position of the piston 20 within the cylinder 22 and provides a position signal as a feedback signal to the electronic controller 31.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show the poppet valve 14 in a closed condition.
  • Figure 2 shows the poppet valve 14 in a situation where the pressure in the combustion chamber 10 is either atmospheric pressure or close to atmospheric pressure and a valve head 14A of the poppet valve 14 is undeflected.
  • the gas pressure in the combustion chamber 10 causes a valve head 14a of the poppet valve 14 to flex as shown in Figure 3, by an amount X.
  • This flexing can be measured by the position sensor 40 and then the electronic controller 31 can obtain an approximation of cylinder pressure in the combustion chamber 10. This pressure measurement can then be used to optimise the combustion process.
  • poppet valve shown in Figures 2 and 3 is the inlet poppet valve 14, it should be understood that the exhaust valve 16 will also flex in a similar manner and that the position sensor 41 detects the flexing and provides a signal indicating the flexing back to the electronic controller 31.
  • the preferred embodiment measures pressure using both a position sensor attached to the inlet valve and a position sensor attached to the exhaust valve. Using signals from both engine valves provides a robust measurement .
  • the controller 31 will aggregate the signals and use the aggregated signals to determine a value for absolute in- cylinder pressure. In an engine which has more than two valves per cylinder a position sensor would be associated with each poppet valve, i.e. with all four valves in a four- valve per cylinder engine.
  • the use of an aggregate of multiple sensors per cylinder allows the determination of an reliable absolute in-cylinder pressure.
  • the use of multiple segments per cylinder improves both measurement accuracy and reliability and may also permit detection of the start of combustion in each engine cycle.
  • the sensors 40 and 41 of the present invention will measure deflection over the whole cycle pressure so that information on the combustion process can be derived by the controller 31. This information can be used to determine how close to the knock limit the engine is running, e.g. by comparing the measured in-cylinder pressure profile for one or more selected engine cycles with values stored in memory. Alternatively, if the engine is running with HCCI ignition process then the operation of the process achieved can be measured by comparison of in-cycle pressure profile over an engine cycle with stored pressure data.
  • the engine described above is a spark ignition engine
  • the invention described is applicable to any type of combustion engine, e.g. a diesel engine or a petrol engine capable of running with both spark- ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) or a compressor which uses poppet valves for gas exchange.
  • HCCI homogeneous charge compression ignition
  • the US patent No.4, 672, 843 requires a detector that is mounted by a stiff method of mounting.
  • the position sensor is part of the active valve train used to open and close the poppet valves .
  • the position sensor is wrapped around the engine valve stem in the present invention. It can possibly be held in place by the engine valve spring, e.g 18 or clamped against the cylinder head by a bolted joint. This provides an intrinsically stiff attachment which will not suffer from unwanted measurement noise due to its mounting.
  • the electronic controller 31 can also be connected to a crankshaft rotation measurement sensor and will be able to use both the crankshaft rotation measurement and also the pressure signals provided by the sensors 40 and 41 to implement an improved control of the combustion process; e.g. the in-cylinder pressure can be recorded with reference to crankshaft rotational position.
  • valves are operated by hydraulic actuators
  • the invention is also applicable in engines with other forms of actuators (e.g. pneumatic, electric or piezoelectric) or an engine with cam-driven poppet valves.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur à combustion interne comprenant un cylindre (12); un piston (11) ayant un mouvement de va-et-vient dans le cylindre (12) et définissant avec le cylindre (12) une chambre de combustion (10). Des première (14) et seconde (16) soupapes-champignons commandent l'admission d'air dans la chambre de combustion et/ou l'échappement des gaz brûlés hors de la chambre de combustion (10). Un premier capteur de position (40) est associé à la première soupape-champignon (14) et mesure la déflexion de la soupape lorsque la soupape est fermée et fléchit sous la pression appliquée par les gaz dans la chambre de combustion (10). Un second capteur de position (41) est associé à la seconde soupape-champignon (16) et mesure la déflexion de la soupape (16) lorsque la soupape (16) est fermée et fléchit sous la pression appliquée par les gaz dans la chambre de combustion. Un système électronique de gestion de moteur (31) regroupe les signaux de déflexion provenant des premier (40) et second (41) capteurs de position et, à partir des signaux rassemblés, détermine une valeur de la pression dans le cylindre.
PCT/GB2008/000119 2007-01-22 2008-01-15 Système de mesure de pression dans un cylindre WO2008090312A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0701198.4 2007-01-22
GB0701198A GB2445761A (en) 2007-01-22 2007-01-22 An internal combustion engine with in-cylinder pressure measurement system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008090312A1 true WO2008090312A1 (fr) 2008-07-31

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2008/000119 WO2008090312A1 (fr) 2007-01-22 2008-01-15 Système de mesure de pression dans un cylindre

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GB (1) GB2445761A (fr)
WO (1) WO2008090312A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5748571B2 (ja) * 2011-06-15 2015-07-15 三菱重工業株式会社 内燃機関の動弁試験装置
SE541125C2 (en) * 2017-08-29 2019-04-16 Scania Cv Ab Method of Estimating Pressure in a Cylinder of a Combustion Engine, Combustion Engine, and related devices

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4672843A (en) * 1986-04-21 1987-06-16 General Motors Corporation Peak combustion pressure timing detector for IC engine using intake valve deformation
US5602732A (en) * 1994-12-21 1997-02-11 General Motors Corporation Fault tolerant displacement determination method
WO1998036159A1 (fr) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 Lsp Innovative Automotive Systems Gmbh Soupape de gaz a deux voies, et methode de mesure de la pression dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur a combustion interne
DE10017560A1 (de) * 2000-04-08 2001-10-11 Fev Motorentech Gmbh Verfahren zur Erfassung des Innendrucks an Zylindern einer Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine
US20020050162A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2002-05-02 Michel Castagne Knock locating method
US20040211392A1 (en) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-28 Juergen Schiemann Method for operating an internal combustion engine

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2224576B (en) * 1988-11-08 1992-06-03 Austin Rover Group Method of sensing pressure
DE19731382A1 (de) * 1997-07-22 1999-01-28 Heinz Leiber Gaswechselventil und Verfahren zum Messen des Druckes in einem Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine
JP2002180894A (ja) * 2000-12-12 2002-06-26 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の制御装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4672843A (en) * 1986-04-21 1987-06-16 General Motors Corporation Peak combustion pressure timing detector for IC engine using intake valve deformation
US5602732A (en) * 1994-12-21 1997-02-11 General Motors Corporation Fault tolerant displacement determination method
WO1998036159A1 (fr) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 Lsp Innovative Automotive Systems Gmbh Soupape de gaz a deux voies, et methode de mesure de la pression dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur a combustion interne
DE10017560A1 (de) * 2000-04-08 2001-10-11 Fev Motorentech Gmbh Verfahren zur Erfassung des Innendrucks an Zylindern einer Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine
US20020050162A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2002-05-02 Michel Castagne Knock locating method
US20040211392A1 (en) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-28 Juergen Schiemann Method for operating an internal combustion engine

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Publication number Publication date
GB0701198D0 (en) 2007-02-28
GB2445761A (en) 2008-07-23

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