WO2008085392A1 - Méthodes de traitement d'une congestion nasale chez des patients souffrant d'une insuffisance hépatique - Google Patents

Méthodes de traitement d'une congestion nasale chez des patients souffrant d'une insuffisance hépatique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008085392A1
WO2008085392A1 PCT/US2007/026108 US2007026108W WO2008085392A1 WO 2008085392 A1 WO2008085392 A1 WO 2008085392A1 US 2007026108 W US2007026108 W US 2007026108W WO 2008085392 A1 WO2008085392 A1 WO 2008085392A1
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montelukast
patient
pharmaceutical composition
allergic rhinitis
loratadine
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PCT/US2007/026108
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English (en)
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Melvyn Richard Danzig
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Schering Corporation
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4704—2-Quinolinones, e.g. carbostyril
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/02—Nasal agents, e.g. decongestants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0043—Nose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals

Definitions

  • Nasal congestion and related symptoms generally have undesirable effects for the afflicted person, such as, disruptions of sleep, loss of work and loss of school attendance.
  • antihistamines have been shown efficacious for preventing and relieving sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea and other symptoms of allergies, they have not been found to be very effective for relief of the nasal blockage associated with an allergic reaction.
  • sympathomimetic amine decongestant drugs such as phenylpropanolamine or pseudoephedrine which function as alpha-adrenoceptor agonists.
  • phenylpropanolamine or pseudoephedrine which function as alpha-adrenoceptor agonists.
  • not all allergy sufferers should use these decongestant drugs, due to their frequently observed central nervous system and cardiovascular side effects which include agitation, sleeplessness, tachycardia, angina pectoris and hypertension. Phenylpropanolamine has been withdrawn from the US market.
  • a treatment for nasal congestion associated with allergic conditions which does not exhibit adverse nervous system or cardiovascular effects associated with sympathomimetic amines is needed.
  • the invention provides a method for treating or reducing nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis in a patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is suffering from hepatic insufficiency, including administering once daily to said patient a pharmaceutical composition including about 10 mg of loratadine and about 10 mg of montelukast or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of montelukast is montelukast sodium.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is administered in a single dosage form.
  • the patient may be suffering from mild hepatic insufficiency, moderate hepatic insufficiency, or severe hepatic insufficiency.
  • the hepatic insufficiency may be associated with disease, such as, for example, hepatitis, or alcohol abuse.
  • the hepatic insufficiency may be drug induced hepatic insufficiency.
  • the allergic rhinitis is seasonal allergic rhinitis or perennial allergic rhinitis.
  • the patient may be suffering from severe nasal congestion.
  • daily administration of the pharmaceutical composition does not induce somnolence in said patient.
  • the pharmaceutical composition further includes at least one additional therapeutic agent.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, nasally, or ophthalmically.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be formulated as a liquid, tablet, capsule, suppository, granule, suspension or film. Suitable tablets include, for example, orally ingestible, chewable, or fast dissolving tablet forms.
  • the invention provides a method for treating or reducing nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis in a patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is suffering from hepatic insufficiency, including administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition including loratadine and montelukast or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein administration of said pharmaceutical composition produces a nasal decongestion effect that is substantially the same as the nasal decongestion effect produced by pseudoephedrine.
  • the nasal decongestion effect produced by pseudoephedrine may be associated with a therapeutically effective amount of pseudoephedrine, such as, for example, once daily administration of 240 mg of pseudoephedrine.
  • Methods provided herein include methods for treating, preventing or reducing nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis in a hepatically impaired patient by administering to a hepatically impaired patient a therapeutically effective amount of an antihistamine and a leukotriene D 4 receptor antagonist.
  • suitable antihistamines include, for example, chlorpheniramine maleate (Chlor-trimeton®), dexchlorpheniramine maleate, diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl®), doxylamine succinate, promethazine hydrochloride, and triprolidine hydrochloride.
  • Low sedating, or nonsedating, antihistamines may also be used in association with various methods described herein.
  • Suitable low sedating, or nonsedating, antihistimines include, for example, loratadine (Claritin ® ), fexofenadine hydrochloride (Allegra®), cetirizine hydrochloride (Zyrtec®), levocetirizine (Xyzal®), and terfenadine (Teldane®).
  • suitable leukotriene D 4 receptor antagonist include, for example, Montelukast (Singulair®), Zafirlukast (Accolate®), Zileuton (Zyflo®), and pranlukast.
  • methods described herein for treating, preventing or reducing nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis in hepatically impaired patients involve administering to a hepatically impaired patient a therapeutically effective amount of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of montelukast.
  • methods described herein include treating, preventing or reducing nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis in patients that have been diagnosed with hepatic impairment, a liver disease or a liver disorder.
  • a hepatically impaired patient is a patient having impaired liver function due to disease, such as alcoholic cirrhosis or hepatitis, or due to administration of a drug, such as ketokonazole, erythromycin or ⁇ oleandomycin, which inhibits normal liver metabolic function.
  • a drug such as ketokonazole, erythromycin or ⁇ oleandomycin, which inhibits normal liver metabolic function.
  • a clinician skilled in the art can readily identify, by the use of clinical tests, physical examination and medical/family history, those patients who are hepatically impaired.
  • evaluation of liver function may involve measurement of one or more blood or urine markers using standard techniques.
  • Liver function markers include, for example, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), gamma- glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), prothrombin time (PT), serum bilirubin and urine Bilirubin.
  • ALP alkaline phosphatase
  • ALT alanine transaminase
  • SGPT serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase
  • AST aspartate aminotransferase
  • SGOT serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
  • GGT gamma- glutamyl transpeptidase
  • PT prothrombin time
  • Hepatically impaired patients include patients suffering from mild hepatic insufficiency, moderate hepatic insufficiency or severe hepatic insufficiency.
  • Various scoring systems are know in the art for determining the severity of hepatic insufficiency, such as, for example, the Child-Pugh scoring system (see, for example, Pugh, R.N.H., 1973, Brit. J. Surg., 60:646-9).
  • methods described herein may be used for treating, preventing or reducing severe, moderate or mild nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis. In certain embodiments, treatment or prevention of severe nasal congestion is provided.
  • Types of nasal congestion that can be treated, prevented or reduced include daytime nasal congestion and nighttime nasal congestion. If a patient suffers from congestion which commonly occurs at a particular time of day or night, the timing of administration may be altered to most effectively treat the patient.
  • a combination of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be administered in the evening or at bedtime for treatment, prevention or reduction of nighttime nasal congestion.
  • a combination of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be administered in the morning, upon waking, or at breakfast for treatment, prevention or reduction of daytime nasal congestion.
  • a combination of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be administered in the morning, upon waking, or at breakfast for treatment, prevention or reduction of nighttime nasal congestion.
  • a combination of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be administered in the evening or at bedtime for treatment, prevention or reduction of daytime nasal congestion.
  • methods described herein are useful for treating, preventing or reducing nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis, including seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR).
  • SAR seasonal allergic rhinitis
  • PAR perennial allergic rhinitis
  • Various methods encompass treatment of patients suffering concurrently from both SAR and PAR.
  • Seasonal allergic rhinitis includes allergies that arise in the fall, spring, or winter or combinations thereof.
  • methods include those useful for treating or preventing allergic rhinitis associated with indoor allergens, outdoor allergens, or both. Examples of indoor allergens include, for example, dust, mold and pet dander. Examples of outdoor allergens include, for example, pollen of trees, weeds, grasses, and flowers.
  • Perennial allergic rhinitis is typically associated with indoor allergens and seasonal allergic rhinitis is typically associated with outdoor allergens.
  • a combination of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be administered prophylactically to a patient.
  • Prophylactic administration may be of benefit to a variety of patients, such as, for example, patients having a history of allergies associated with nasal congestion, patients susceptible to seasonal allergic rhinitis, and patients susceptible to allergies arising from specific allergens such as, for example, pet dander, grasses, flowers, etc. Hepatically impaired patients suffering from nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis may also suffer from another disorder, such as asthma.
  • Hepatically impaired patients that may be treated include patients that may be taking one or more therapeutic agents related to treatment of the hepatic insufficiency.
  • therapeutic treatments are administered concurrently with the treatment for nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis as described herein.
  • Various methods described herein permit relief of nasal congestion while avoiding, or significantly reducing incidence and/or severity of, one or more undesirable side effects associated with sympathomimetic agents such as pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine or phenylepherine.
  • Side effects associated with administration of sympathomimetic amines may include, for example, insomnia, nervousness, jitteriness, restlessness, agitation, dry mouth, hypertension, tachycardia, headache, and dizziness.
  • administration of a combination of loratadine and montelukast results in a side effect profile that is comparable to placebo.
  • one or more undesirable side effects of sympathomimetic agents may be avoided while producing substantially the same nasal decongestant effect as obtained by a therapeutically effective amount of the sympathomimetic agent.
  • substantially the same nasal decongestant effect as a sympathomimetic agent means that the effect produced is ⁇ 30%, ⁇ 20%, ⁇ 10% or ⁇ 5% of the nasal decongestant effect produced by a therapeutically effective amount of a sympathomimetic agent as determined using standard procedures for measuring nasal congestion.
  • substantially the same nasal decongestant effect as a sympathomimetic agent means that the effect produced is at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or greater, of the nasal decongestant effect produced by a therapeutically effective amount of a sympathomimetic agent.
  • methods described herein produce substantially the same nasal decongestant effect as a sympathomimetic agent over a 24 hour dosing period, during the first twelve hours after administration, or during a period 12-24 hours after administration.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a sympathomimetic agent refers to an amount of pseudoephedrine that is effective for treating nasal congestion over a 24 hour period.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of pseudoephedrine may be, for example, 240 mg pseudoephedrine HCl in an extended release formulation for administration once a day.
  • Such formulations of pseudoephedrine may be prepared by one of skill in the art or may be purchased commercially from Johnson & Johnson, Inc. (New Brunswick, NJ).
  • Loratadine i.e., 4-(8-Chloro-5,6-dihydro-l lH-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[l,2- ⁇ ]pyridin-l l-ylidene)-l-piperidinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester, is a nonsedating-type histamine Hi -receptor antagonist.
  • Loratadine is marketed by Schering-Plough Health Care Products, Inc. for the treatment of allergies under the brand name Claritin ® and may be prepared, for example, as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,282,233.
  • Montelukast i.e., l-[[[(l ⁇ )-l-[3-[(l£)-2-(7-Chloro-2- quinolinyl)ethenyl]phenyl]-3 - [2-( 1 -hydroxy- 1 - methylethyl)phenyl]propyl]thio]methyl]cyclopropaneacetic acid, is a selective leukotriene D 4 receptor antagonist.
  • Montelukast sodium is marketed by Merck & Co., Inc. for the treatment of treatment of allergies under the brand name Singulair ® and may be prepared, for example, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,270,324.
  • Pharmaceutically effective salts of montelukast include, for example, salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases including inorganic bases and organic bases. Salts derived from inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganic salts/manganous, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of montelukast is montelukast sodium.
  • Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2- diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N- ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine and the like.
  • basic ion exchange resins such as arg
  • an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of montelukast refers to a milligram amount of a salt form of montelukast that contains essentially the same molar amount of the montelukast anion as contained in a specified milligram amount of montelukast (the free acid).
  • the specified amount of montelukast (the free acid) is multiplied by the ratio of the molecular weight of the montelukast anion divided by the molecular weight of montelukast (such as, for example, 608.18/586.20 for montelukast sodium/montelukast).
  • 10.4 mg of montelukast sodium is equivalent to 10 mg of montelukast (the free acid).
  • methods provided herein include coadministration of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Coadministration may be conducted by separately formulating the individual drugs and then administering them together (either simultaneously or sequentially).
  • loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are administered as a coformulation including both active agents.
  • the active agents may be coformulated as a once a day, single dosage form including a therapeutically effective amount of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the single daily dosage form may be administered once a day for one or more days, for example, once daily for one day, two days, one week, two ⁇ • weeks, one month, or longer.
  • the single daily dosage form may be administered daily on a regular basis for the treatment of nasal congestion associated with persistent allergies or may be administered sporadically to treat nasal congestion on an as needed basis, such as, for example, acute and/or chronic treatment.
  • Amounts of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, effective for treating or preventing nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis in a hepatically impaired patient will vary with the age, sex, body weight, general health, severity of the nasal congestion, route of administration, bioavailability of the preparation administered, the dose regimen selected, and the use of concomitant medication.
  • the dose and/or frequency of administration may be adjusted to suit the needs of an individual patient. Suitable total daily dose ranges can be readily determined by those skilled in the art using conventional techniques.
  • a daily dose may be administered in single or divided doses.
  • a combination of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be administered in a formulation including loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a ratio of about 1 :5 mg/mg to about 5:1 mg/mg, about 1 :3 mg/mg to about 3:1 mg/mg, about 1 :2 mg/mg to about 2:1 mg/mg, or about 1 :1 mg/mg.
  • the amount of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, effective for treating, preventing or reducing nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis is in the range of about 10 to about 20 mg of loratadine and about 10 to about 20 mg of montelukast, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, about 10 to about 15 mg of loratadine and about 10 to about 15 mg of montelukast, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, about about 8 to about 12 mg of loratadine and about 8 to about 12 mg of montelukast, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in single or divided doses.
  • the amount of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 10 mg of loratadine and about 10 mg of montelukast, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; about 10 mg of loratadine and about 5 mg of montelukast, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; about 5 mg of loratadine and about 5 mg of montelukast, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or about 5 mg of loratadine and about 4 mg of montelukast, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • methods described herein include administering once daily to a hepatically impaired patient suffering from nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis a single daily dosage form including about 10 mg of loratadine and about 10.4 mg of montelukast sodium.
  • methods described herein involve administration to a hepatically impaired patient a combination of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, at a daily dosage level that is equivalent to the daily dosage level that would be administered to a patient of similar age and weight having normal liver function.
  • methods described herein for treating, preventing or reducing nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis in a hepatically impaired patient may include administering loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with at least one other therapeutic agent.
  • Such therapeutic agents may include, for example, a non-narcotic analgesic (such as, for example, acetaminophen (Tylenol ® ) or a cox-2 inhibitor (such as, for example celecoxib (Celebrex ® ), valdecoxib (Bextra ® ), lumiracoxib (Prexige 1 ⁇ , etoricoxib (Arcoxia ® ),etc.)); a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (such as, for example, aspirin, indomethacin (Indocin ® ), ibuprofen (Motrin ® ), naproxen (Naprosyn ® ), piroxicam (Feldene ® ), and nabumetone (Relafen ® ), etc.); a long-acting beta 2-adrenergic agonist (LABA) (such as, for example, salmeterol, formoterol, bambuterol, etc.);
  • Coformulations of loratadine and montelukast, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers or excipients. Techniques and formulations generally may be found in A. Gennaro (ed.), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition, (1990), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA.
  • Any suitable route of administration may be employed for providing the patient with an effective dosage of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, according to various methods described herein.
  • oral, intraoral, rectal, parenteral, epicutaneous, transdermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intranasal, sublingual, intradural, intraocular, intrarespiratory, oral or nasal inhalation and like forms of administration may be employed.
  • a variety of suitable dosage forms may be used for administering loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including, for example, tablets, chewable tablets, fast melt formulations, troches, dispersions, granules, suspensions, solutions, capsules, patches, liquids, syrups, elixirs, gels, powders, magmas, lozenges, ointments, creams, pastes, plasters, lotions, discs, suppositories, films, nasal or oral sprays, aerosols and the like. Because of their ease of administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit form, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are employed.
  • tablets may be coated by standard aqueous or nonaqueous techniques.
  • compositions may be formulated in sustained release form to provide rate controlled release of loratadine and/or montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to optimize the therapeutic effects.
  • Suitable dosage forms for sustained release include layered tablets containing layers of varying disintegration rates or controlled release polymeric matrices impregnated with the active components and shaped in tablet form or capsules containing such impregnated or encapsulated porous polymeric matrices.
  • Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, lozenges, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories.
  • Such solid dosage forms may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as binding agents (such as, for example, pregelatinised maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers (such as, for example, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium hydrogen phosphate); lubricants (such as, for example, magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrants (such as, for example, potato starch or sodium starch glycolate); or wetting agents (such as, for example, sodium lauryl sulphate).
  • binding agents such as, for example, pregelatinised maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
  • fillers such as, for example, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium hydrogen phosphate
  • lubricants
  • the active ingredient(s) may make up about 5 to about 95 percent of the total weight of the solid dosage form.
  • Tablets, powders, lozenges, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration. Tablets may be coated by methods well known in the art. Tablets may be prepared using standard methods, such as, for example, by compression or molding, optionally, with one or more accessory ingredients.
  • Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, surface active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made by molding, in a suitable machine, a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • Rapidly disintegrating or dissolving dosage forms are useful for the rapid absorption, particularly buccal and •sublingual absorption, of pharmaceutically active agents.
  • Fast melt formulations such as tablets, may be prepared using standard techniques. For example, granules for fast melt tablets made by either the spray drying or pre-compacting processes may be mixed with excipients and compressed into tablets using conventional tablet making machinery. The granules can be combined with a variety of carriers including low density, high moldability saccharides, low moldability saccharides, polyol combinations, and then directly compressed into a tablet that exhibits an improved dissolution and disintegration profile.
  • Fast melt tablets typically have a hardness of about 2 to about 6 Strong-Cobb units (scu).
  • Tablets within this hardness range disintegrate or dissolve rapidly when chewed. Additionally, the tablets rapidly disintegrate in water. On average, a typical 1.1 to 1.5 gram tablet disintegrates in 1-3 minutes without stirring. This rapid disintegration facilitates delivery of the active material. See, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,112,616 and 5,073,374; U.S. Pat. No. 4,616,047 for further description of fast melt formulations.
  • Liquid preparations for oral administration may take the form of, for example, solutions, syrups-, emulsions or suspensions, or they may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
  • Such liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as suspending agents (such as, for example, sorbitol syrup, cellulose derivatives or hydrogenated edible fats); emulsifying agents (such as, for example, lecithin or acacia); non-aqueous vehicles (such as, for example, oils, oily esters, ethyl alcohol or fractionated vegetable oils); and preservatives (such as, for example, methyl or propyl-p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid).
  • suspending agents such as, for example, sorbitol syrup, cellulose derivatives or hydrogenated edible fats
  • emulsifying agents such as, for example, lecithin or acacia
  • non-aqueous vehicles such as, for example, oils,
  • the preparations may also contain buffer salts, flavoring, coloring and sweetening agents as appropriate.
  • Preparations for oral administration may be suitably formulated to give controlled release of the active compound.
  • Parenteral forms to be injected intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously are usually in the form of sterile solutions and may contain tonicity agents (salts or glucose), and buffers.
  • Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.
  • the active agents may be delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebuliser, with the use of a suitable propellant such as an inert compressed gas, such as, for example, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
  • a suitable propellant such as an inert compressed gas, such as, for example, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
  • the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
  • Capsules and cartridges of such as, for example, gelatin, for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch. Combinations of loratadine and montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may also be deliverable transdermally.
  • the transdermal compositions can take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.
  • pharmaceutical preparations are in a unit dosage form.
  • the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component, such as, for example, an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.
  • LMC loratadine/montelukast
  • SAR seasonal allergic rhinitis
  • the mean duration of treatment was 15 days for all groups with at least 91% of subjects in each group receiving study medication for the protocol-specified treatment period of 15 days. Of the 1095 randomized subjects, 1057 (96.5%) completed the study.
  • the treatment groups were generally well matched with regard to demographics and baseline characteristics. Across the three treatment groups, the subject population was 60% to 66% female and the mean age was 35.7 to 36.6 years.
  • the study population was comprised primarily of Caucasian (78% to 79%) subjects.
  • severity of congestion/stuffiness was scored twice daily (AM and PM) by the subject as reflective (PRIOR) (i.e., the subject's status over the previous 12 hours) according to the scale below. Also, twice daily during the Screening and Treatment Periods, subjects measured and recorded their peak nasal inspiratory flow rate (using PNIF meters dispensed at the screening visit).
  • the primary efficacy endpoint change from Baseline in AM PRIOR nasal congestion score, measures the symptom relief overnight, which is 12 to 24 hour& after dosing. Results are summarized in Table 1 which shows that the LMC and pseudoephedrine effects parallel each other over the entire study period.
  • LMC loratadine 10 mg/montelukast 10 mg combination tablet
  • PSE pseudoephedrine 240 mg tablet.
  • AM/PM PRIOR nasal congestion score measures the symptom relief over the 24-hour period post-dose.
  • LMC was statistically significantly more effective than placebo in decreasing AM/PM PRIOR nasal congestion score from Baseline over the average of Days 1 to 15 (Table 2).
  • the mean decrease in nasal congestion score was 0.61 point for LMC and 0.49 point for placebo.
  • Pseudoephedrine was also statistically significantly more effective than placebo in decreasing AM/PM PRIOR nasal congestion score from Baseline over the average of Days 1 to 15 (0.16 point decrease in scores greater than placebo; P ⁇ 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between LMC and pseudoephedrine over the average of Days 1 to 15.
  • results for the change from Baseline in AM PNIF are summarized in Table 3 which shows that the LMC and pseudoephedrine effects parallel each other over the entire study period.
  • the PNIF assessment is an instantaneous one, measuring the nasal airflow at the time of assessment.
  • the AM evaluation is performed at the end of the 24-hour dosing interval.
  • Mean increases from Baseline in PNIF over Days 2 to 15 were 10.64 L/min for LMC, 10.06 L/min for pseudoephedrine, and 5.05 L/min for placebo.
  • LMC loratadine 10 mg/montelukast 10 mg combination tablet
  • PSE pseudoephedrine 240 mg tablet.
  • LMC loratadine 10 mg/montelukast 10 mg combination tablet
  • PSE pseudoephedrine 24C mg tablet.
  • LMC loratadine 10 mg/montelukast 10 mg 1 combination tablet
  • PSE pseudoephedrine 240 mg tablet.
  • the present invention provides among other things methods for treating, preventing or reducing nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis in hepatically impaired patients. While specific embodiments of the subject invention have been discussed, the above specification is illustrative and not restrictive. Many variations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this specification. The full scope of the invention should be determined by reference to the claims, along with their full scope of equivalents, and the specification, along with such variations.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des méthodes de traitement, de prévention ou d'atténuation d'une congestion nasale associée à une rhinite allergique chez un patient souffrant d'une insuffisance hépatique. Ces méthodes peuvent consister à administrer, à un patient souffrant d'une insuffisance hépatique, une dose thérapeutiquement efficace d'une composition pharmaceutique comprenant de la loratadine et du montélukast ou un sel pharmaceutiquement acceptable de montélukast.
PCT/US2007/026108 2007-01-05 2007-12-19 Méthodes de traitement d'une congestion nasale chez des patients souffrant d'une insuffisance hépatique WO2008085392A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012069842A1 (fr) * 2010-11-26 2012-05-31 Xaragen Pharma Limited Combinaison d'un antagoniste de cyslt1 et d'un médicament anti-arthrite pour le traitement d'un trouble arthritique
CN105769825A (zh) * 2014-12-24 2016-07-20 广州朗圣药业有限公司 一种孟鲁司特钠的口腔膜剂及其制备方法

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GOLDSTEIN MARC F ET AL: "Montelukast-induced hepatitis.", ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 6 APR 2004, vol. 140, no. 7, 6 April 2004 (2004-04-06), pages 586 - 587, XP002483834, ISSN: 1539-3704 *
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NAYAK ANJULI S ET AL: "Efficacy and tolerability of montelukast alone or in combination with loratadine in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed in the fall.", ANNALS OF ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ALLERGY, ASTHMA, & IMMUNOLOGY JUN 2002, vol. 88, no. 6, June 2002 (2002-06-01), pages 592 - 600, XP009101395, ISSN: 1081-1206 *
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012069842A1 (fr) * 2010-11-26 2012-05-31 Xaragen Pharma Limited Combinaison d'un antagoniste de cyslt1 et d'un médicament anti-arthrite pour le traitement d'un trouble arthritique
CN105769825A (zh) * 2014-12-24 2016-07-20 广州朗圣药业有限公司 一种孟鲁司特钠的口腔膜剂及其制备方法

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