Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
  • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals

Definitions

• the invention relates generally to herbicides, methods of improving the activity of existing herbicides, and controlling the growth of plant life, and more particularly to compositions containing C 2 -C 5 mono- or dicarboxylic acid additives, which additives can enhance the activity (effectiveness) of herbicides, and methods of use thereof.
• weeds undesirable vegetation
• weed control imperative for economic success in agriculture, it also enables maintenance of roadsides and right of ways, reduces cover for mosquito reproduction enhancing public health and enhances the beauty of gardens and lawns.
• selective control of undesired vegetation without concurrent injury or damage to desirable vegetation is the ideal.
• complete control of a broad spectrum non-selective is the ultimate goal. If one can market a non-selective herbicide and add low toxicity and fast action, the value demands of the home consumer market have been met. Glyphosate and paraquat are the number 1 and 2 non-selective herbicides used worldwide.
• Glyphosate although low in toxicity, is known to require 1 to 2 weeks to achieve its visible control, and is therefore undesirable for fast-acting herbicidal applications.
• Other conventionally known herbicides include fatty acids, such as pelargonic acid, a nine carbon fatty acid, and caprylic acid, an eight carbon fatty acid.
• SCYTHE TM sold by Mycogen/Dow, is an herbicide containing pelargonic acid as the active ingredient.
• LIBERTY TM made by Bayer Crop Science, is a commercially available herbicide containing glufosinate- ammonium as the active ingredient.
• the invention provides an herbicidal composition which comprises a mixture of an herbicide and a C2-C 5 mono- or dicarboxylic acid additive, and mixtures of additives thereof, wherein the mixture of the herbicidal composition provides a faster-acting herbicidal effect than the herbicide alone.
• one aspect of the invention provides herbicidal compositions possessing faster-acting herbicidal effects with regard to controlling weed growth over that of the herbicide alone.
• Another aspect then of the invention provides additives, which additives enhance the effect of commercial herbicides, thus providing improved herbicidal compositions.
• Yet another aspect of the invention is a method of applying the herbicidal compositions to plants and grasses so as to achieve faster-acting weed control.
• herbicidal refers to compounds which kill or inhibit plant growth, such as by desiccation or defoliation, for example; by acting as a harvest aid; or by controlling weed growth.
• the additives for the herbicidal compositions of the invention are C 2 -C 5 fatty acids, which fatty acids are mono- or dicarboxylic acids. These additives in mixture with an herbicide provide an improved composition for controlling and killing weeds over that of the herbicide alone.
• the compositions of the invention thus provide the desired faster-acting effects of weed control and killing over the herbicide alone.
• C 2 -C 5 fatty acids encompass unsubstituted and substituted embodiments, such as, for example, hydroxyl or amine-substituted acids.
• suitable additives for use in the invention include acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, glutaric acid, glutamic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof. Lactic acid has been found to be particularly effective. It is considered that one can enhance the herbicidal activity of any herbicide in admixture with the additives described above to achieve improved herbicidal compositions by way of the invention. Herbicides which have achieved the status of G.R.A.S.
• herbicides which can be employed in the compositions of the invention include atrazine, bentazon, bromacil, casoron, chloramben, delapon, diuron, fluormeturon, glyphosate, linuron, paraquat, picloram, phenoxy-based herbicides and trifluralin. Of particular interest is glyphosate and its salts thereof.
• Concentrations of herbicides and activity-enhancing additives applied to plants and weeds in accordance with the invention can include compositions containing from about 0.1 to 30% by weight of herbicide and additive, preferably about 0.5 to 15% herbicide and additive, and more preferably, about 1 to 8% herbicide and additive.
• the weight ratio of herbicide to activity-enhancing additive can be from about 1 :1 to 20:1 , preferably, about 1 :10 to 10:1 , and, more preferably, about 1 :2 to 2:1.
• the additive may be present in an amount of from about 1% to about 5% by weight of the total weight of the composition, preferably from about 2% to about 5% by weight.
• Herbicides can be provided in concentrated form and then readily diluted at the point of use.
• Non-limiting examples of weeds which can be controlled more efficiently and faster by way of the invention include perennial rye grass, fescue, crabgrass, chickweed, basket grass, and clover.
• the compositions of the invention may be mixed with a liquid carrier or diluent, such as water, and applied, for example by spraying, to the target weeds.
• suitable carriers or diluents include acetophenone, cyclohexanone, isophorone, toluene, xylene, and mineral, animal and vegetable oils (these diluents may be used alone or in combination).
• the herbicidal composition of the present invention may also include various types of auxiliaries, adjuvants, solvents, and co-solvents, which serve to further enhance the performance of the improved compositions of the invention.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants for use in the present invention include alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty acids, alkoxylated fatty ethers, alkoxylated fatty amides, ethoxylated seed oils, ethoxylated mineral oils, nonylphenol ethoxylates, alkoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated glycerides, castor oil ethoxylates, and mixtures thereof.
• the anionic surfactants that can be used in the compositions according to the invention can include an ethoxylated partial phosphate ester, an alkyl sulfate, an alkyl ether sulfate, a branched alkyl benzene sulfonate, a linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, and an alpha olefin sulfonate.
• the alkyl sulfates that can be used in the compositions according to the invention are those wherein the alkyl group has from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• the alkyl ether sulfates that can be used in the compositions according to the invention are those wherein the alkyl group has from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• the branched alkyl benzene sulfonates that can be used in the compositions according to the invention are those wherein the alkyl group can be branched and has from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• the linear alkyl benzene sulfonates that can be used in the compositions according to the invention are those wherein the alkyl group is an essentially unbranched alkyl group having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• the alpha olefin sulfonates that can be used in the compositions according to the invention are those wherein the alkyl group has from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• compositions of the invention may also be added to the compositions of the invention in order to further enhance the properties thereof.
• examples thereof include, but are not limited to, solvents and co-solvents, water-soluble silicone surfactants, oil-soluble silicone surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and the like.
• Cationic surfactants which may be employed include, but are not limited to, ethoxylated amines such as ethoxylated tallow amine.
• Amphoteric surfactants which may be employed include, but are not limited to, amino acids and their derivatives, amino acid salts, imidazolinium derivatives, alkyl betaines and amidopropyl analogues.
• a standard ready to use composition of the herbicide glyphosate was prepared as follows:
• This composition included all of the water necessary to apply for weed control and was not further diluted.
• test plots included several species including perennial rye grass, fescue, crabgrass, and several unidentified broad-leaf weeds. As this is a non-selective test, all growing plants (monocot and broadleaf) were evaluated as one species referred to as "turf.” Test plots were 4-ft by 60 ft rectangles with untreated check plots to either side. Evaluations were made at 3 days, 7 days and 14 days by visually inspecting each plot comparing health and vigor of turf (color and mortality) to adjacent untreated controls. The chart below shows the rate of control for turf:
• test results demonstrate the faster-acting effects of herbicidal compositions containing short chain fatty acid additives in enhancing the rate of weed control in herbicide compositions versus the same compositions without (water control) short chain fatty acid.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-11-09 US US11/937,563 patent/US20080161188A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-11-16 JP JP2009544000A patent/JP2010514762A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-11-16 EP EP07867529.5A patent/EP2101584A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-11-16 WO PCT/US2007/024166 patent/WO2008085232A2/en not_active Ceased

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