WO2008082377A1 - Systèmes et procédés de mesure et d'analyse de contaminants de pipeline - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés de mesure et d'analyse de contaminants de pipeline Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008082377A1
WO2008082377A1 PCT/US2006/049429 US2006049429W WO2008082377A1 WO 2008082377 A1 WO2008082377 A1 WO 2008082377A1 US 2006049429 W US2006049429 W US 2006049429W WO 2008082377 A1 WO2008082377 A1 WO 2008082377A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
probe
fluid flow
pipeline
assembly
contaminants
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/049429
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Burns
Tomas Borjon
Mark Scott
Original Assignee
Perry Equipment Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Perry Equipment Corporation filed Critical Perry Equipment Corporation
Priority to EP06851506.3A priority Critical patent/EP2097731A4/fr
Priority to CNA2006800568441A priority patent/CN101568819A/zh
Priority to PCT/US2006/049429 priority patent/WO2008082377A1/fr
Publication of WO2008082377A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008082377A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
    • G01N1/2035—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials by deviating part of a fluid stream, e.g. by drawing-off or tapping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems and methods for measurement of contaminants, and more particularly, to the isokinetic sampling, measurement, and analysis of contaminants in a fluid flow within a pipeline to aid in the control of these contaminants.
  • Those samples that do get tested may be measured using, for instance, a particle analyzer or counter to determined the amount or level of the contaminants and thus the cleanliness of the fluid flow.
  • particle analyzers include light scattering analyzers, e.g., laser beam, and condensation nucleus particle counters, either of which can be employed to detect the level of particulate contamination from collected samples within the process fluid flow.
  • the analyzers or counter may be, since the collected samples may not be an adequate representation of the contaminants within the fluid flow, the subsequent analysis of the collected samples may not provide an accurate picture or a real time determination of the level of contaminants within the fluid flow.
  • knowledge of the amount or level of contaminants does not necessarily help to identify the source of the contaminants. In certain instances, it may be important to know the make up or origin of the contaminants, so that appropriate measures may be implemented to control the source of the contaminants. For example, if the source of the contaminants might be from additive chemicals or lubricating oils, or simply due to unfavorable conditions within the pipeline, knowledge of the source or origin can help to minimize the generation of contaminants from such source or origin.
  • the present invention provides, in one embodiment, a system for measurement and analysis of pipeline contaminants.
  • the system includes a first assembly for engaging a pipeline and from which a first fluid flow sample may be obtained for measurement of aerosol contaminants.
  • the first assembly may be provided with a first assembly probe for extending into the pipeline for isokinetically collecting the fluid flow sample to ensure that a representative amount of contaminants within the pipeline can subsequently be measured.
  • the first assembly may also be provided with a particle counter, in fluid communication with the probe, for measuring a number and size of aerosol particles within the fluid flow sample.
  • the resulting information can subsequently be used to obtained a mass content of the aerosol particles, so as to permit a selection of an appropriate extraction technology to control the presence of aerosol contaminants within the pipeline.
  • the system further includes a second assembly for engaging the pipeline and from which a second fluid flow sample may be obtained for chromatographic analysis of the aerosol contaminants.
  • a location on the pipeline to which the first assembly and the second assembly engage may be a same location.
  • a location on the pipeline to which the first assembly and second assembly engage may be spatially situated from one another.
  • the second assembly in an embodiment, may be provided with a second assembly probe for extending into the pipeline for isokinetically collecting the fluid flow sample to ensure that a representative amount of aerosol contaminants within the pipeline can subsequently be analyzed.
  • the second assembly may also be provided with a cylinder coupled to the second assembly probe for housing the fluid flow sample directed from the second assembly probe.
  • a chromatograph may further be provided in fluid communication with the cylinder for determining constituents of the fluid flow sample in order to identify the origin of the aerosol contaminants. In that way, corrective measures can be implemented to minimize the presence of aerosol contaminants.
  • the present invention further provides a method for measurement and analysis of pipeline contaminants. In an embodiment, the method includes initially extending a first probe into a fluid flow within a pipeline, so that aerosol contaminants can subsequently be measured. Then, a first fluid flow sample may be isokinetically collected in the first probe. Next, the collected first fluid flow sample may be directed from the first probe into a particle counter.
  • the method further includes extending a second probe into the fluid flow within a pipeline, so that constituents of the fluid flow sample can subsequently be determined in order to identify the origin of the aerosol contaminants.
  • extending the second probe within the pipeline includes removing the first probe prior to extending the second probe into a same area of the pipeline.
  • the first probe and second probe may be placed at locations spatially situated from one another.
  • the second fluid flow sample may be isokinetically collected in the second probe.
  • the isokinetically collected first fluid flow sample and second fluid flow sample may be collected substantially simultaneously with one another. Thereafter, the collected second fluid flow sample may be directed from the second probe into a chromatograph. In one embodiment, prior to directing the second fluid flow sample into the chromatograph, the second fluid flow sample may be stored in a cylinder. Constituents of the fluid flow sample may then be determined in order to identify the origin of the aerosol contaminants, so that corrective measures can be implemented to minimize the presence of aerosol contaminants.
  • the present invention further provides another method for measurement and analysis of pipeline contaminants. The method includes initially extending a first probe and a second probe into a fluid flow within a pipeline at locations spatially situated from one another, so that contaminants can subsequently be determined.
  • a first fluid flow sample and a second flow sample may be isokinetically collected substantially simultaneously in their respective probes.
  • the collected first fluid flow sample may be directed from the first probe into a particle counter, while the collected second fluid flow sample may be directed from the second probe into a chromatograph.
  • the collected second fluid flow sample may be stored in a cylinder prior to being directed to the chromatograph.
  • a number and size of aerosol contaminants within the first fluid flow sample may be measured within the particle counter. This information can subsequently be used to obtained a mass content of the aerosol contaminants, so as to permit a selection of an appropriate extraction technology to control the presence of aerosol contaminants within the pipeline.
  • constituents of the second fluid flow sample may be determined in order to identify the origin of the aerosol contaminants, so that corrective measures can be implemented to minimize the presence of aerosol contaminants.
  • Figs. IA-B illustrates an assembly for the direct measurement of contaminants in a fluid flow in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a measurement probe for use in connection with the system shown in Figs. IA-B.
  • Fig. 3 illustrate an assembly for analyzing the constituents of the fluid flow sampled in Figs. IA-B.
  • Fig.4 illustrates another assembly for the measurement of contaminants in a fluid flow in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a filter disk for use in connection with the system shown in Fig. 4.
  • a system 10 for use in the measurement and analysis of contaminants within a fluid flow system, such as pipeline 11.
  • System 10 may include a contaminant measurement assembly 12 designed to engage pipeline 11 by way of a sampling nozzle 111.
  • Nozzle 111 may be situated at any desired point along pipeline 11 and provides an opening through which assembly 12 may communicate with the fluid flow within pipeline 11.
  • sampling nozzle 111 may include a valve, such as isolation valve 112, which can be actuated between an open and closed position, for example, by way of wheel 113.
  • assembly 12 includes a probe
  • probe 13 designed for transporting a fluid sample from within the pipeline 11 to a contaminant measurement device, for instance, device 15.
  • probe 13 may be made to extend from an exterior environment, across isolation valve 112, down through sampling nozzle 111, and into pipeline 11 where it may communicate with the fluid flow.
  • probe 13 may be situated so that its tip 131 extends sufficiently into the fluid flow. In one embodiment, tip 131 may extend at least approximately 2.0 inches past wall 114 of pipeline 11.
  • probe 13 may be situated along pipeline 11 where the velocity of the fluid flow may be between about 1 ft/sec to about 60 ft/sec.
  • tip 131 of probe 13 may be situated substantially transversely to axis X of probe 13, and more particularly, substantially perpendicularly to axis X of probe 13. In this manner, tip 131 may be positioned substantially parallel to the direction of flow within pipeline 11, so as to optimize the flow of fluid into the tip 131 of probe 13.
  • tip 131 may be provided with various other designs, for example, tip 131 may be cut at an angle, e.g., 45 degrees, so long as the position of tip 131 may be such that fluid flow can optimally enter probe 13, and probe 13 can isokinetically collect a sample of the fluid flow.
  • isokinetic sampling involves the collection of a fluid sample within probe 13 at a substantially similar fluid velocity as that exhibited by the fluid flow within the pipeline 11.
  • a fluid sample can be collected with a contaminant level that is representative of the contaminant level along the pipeline 11.
  • probe 13 may be exposed to an inhospitable environment within pipeline 11, probe 13 may be made from a strong material that can withstand such an inhospitable environment.
  • probe 13 may be made from stainless steel, such as 1/8 inch or 1/4 inch stainless steel tubing.
  • stainless steel such as 1/8 inch or 1/4 inch stainless steel tubing.
  • other similar materials e.g., metals, metal alloys, may be used, so long as those materials can withstand the inhospitable environment within pipeline 11.
  • Assembly 12 may also include an insertion guide 14 to permit engagement between probe 13 and isolation valve 112 on sampling nozzle 111.
  • guide 14 may be similar to that shown in Fig. 2.
  • Guide 14, in general, may include a body portion 21 through which probe 13 may extend. Body portion 21 may, in an embodiment, act to provide support to probe 13 and maintain the position (i.e., centering and elevation) of probe 13 within the sampling nozzle 111 and pipeline 11.
  • Guide 14 may also include, towards its distal end 22, a coupling mechanism 23 to permit a secured engagement of the guide 14 to isolation valve 112 on sampling nozzle 11 1.
  • coupling mechanism 23 may be a threaded portion designed to be securely received within a complementary threaded opening (not shown) in isolation valve 112.
  • coupling mechanism 23 may have other designs well known in the art, so long as such designs permit the coupling mechanism 23 to securely engage the isolation valve 112.
  • guide 14 may be provided with any design, so long as the design can maintain the position of probe 13 within the sampling nozzle 111 and pipeline 11.
  • a seal (not shown), such as an o-ring or any other similar rubber or malleable seals, may be provided between coupling mechanism 23 and probe 13, so as to minimize any escape of fluid flow from the isolation valve 112.
  • assembly 12 may further include a valve, such as probe valve 130, situated at an outlet end 132 opposite tip 131 of probe 13. Probe valve 130, in one embodiment, can be actuated between an open position and a closed position to control the flow of fluid from within pipeline 11 out of probe 13 and into measurement device 15.
  • Assembly 12 may also include a pathway 16 coupled to measurement device 15 to permit the fluid flow to exit and be discharged from within the device 15.
  • a flow meter 17 may be situated along the pathway 16 in order to measure a rate (i.e., velocity) of fluid flow through assembly 12.
  • Flow meter 17, in an embodiment, may be any commercially available flow meter capable of measuring fluid flow rate.
  • a flow valve 18 may be provided on pathway 16, for example, upstream of the flow meter 17 between measurement device 15 and flow meter 17.
  • flow valve 18 may be a needle-type valve that can be actuated between an open position and a closed position in order to change and set the rate of fluid flow, for instance, at isokinetic conditions.
  • Assembly 12 in an embodiment, may be designed to measure contaminants in the form of liquid aerosol.
  • measurement device 15 may be a light scattering counter, such as any commercially available laser particle counter.
  • Laser particle counter 15, as illustrated in Figs IA-B, can include in inlet 151 through which fluid flow within probe 13 may be directed into particle counter 15.
  • inlet 151 may be designed to communicate with probe valve 130.
  • inlet 151 may be provided with a shape that can be complementarily received by probe valve 130.
  • a seal (not shown) may be situated at a junction between inlet 151 and probe valve 130, so as to substantially eliminate or minimize any occurrence of fluid flow leakage therethrough.
  • an adapter (not shown) may be provided between the probe valve 130 and inlet 151 to permit engagement between the probe valve 130 and inlet 151.
  • Laser particle counter 15 in an embodiment, may be a designed to receive an isokinetically collected fluid flow sample from pipeline 11 by way of probe 13, so as to ensure that a representative amount of contaminants within pipeline 11 may be measured.
  • pipeline pressure and temperature may also be maintained within counter 15, as well as throughout assembly 12, so as not to vaporize or condense additional aerosol particles during the measurement.
  • particle counter 15 may be any commercially available laser counter and general can be designed to receive a fluid flow sample.
  • the fluid flow sample once directed within the counter 15, may be permitted to flow through a particle measurement flow cell.
  • a laser diode or any suitable light source, positioned within the counter 15 may transmit a beam of light through the flow cell.
  • the beam of light may be directed through and perpendicular to the sampled fluid flow sample. Aerosol droplets or particles traveling through the fluid flow can act to scatter the beam of laser light.
  • the scattered laser light can then be directed via mirrors or lens to a photo-analyzer.
  • the photo-analyzer can thereafter process the light energy to electrical energy.
  • the electrical pulse resulting from the particle scan be recorded as a particle with a corresponding size.
  • the particle size measurements may be diameter measurements of the substantially spherical aerosol particles or droplets.
  • aerosol particles or droplets that exist in fluid flow within commercial gas pipelines can vary in size, and can range up to about 100 microns in diameter.
  • the diameter measurements can subsequently be calculated to provide a corresponding a spherical volume.
  • the spherical volume may next be converted to a mass by multiplying the liquid density by the spherical volume.
  • the mass of all the particles measured over a certain period of time can then be summed and compared to the mass of the sampled fluid flow during the same period of time, thus providing an aerosol mass content measurement in the gas stream.
  • This information may thereafter be used in determining the sizing and selection of liquid aerosol extraction technologies, e.g., filters, separator, such as Perry Equipment Corp.'s Gemini Purasep® (U.S. Patent No. 6,168,647), and Perry Equipment Corp.'s vertical gas coalescers.
  • filters, separator such as Perry Equipment Corp.'s Gemini Purasep® (U.S. Patent No. 6,168,647), and Perry Equipment Corp.'s vertical gas coalescers.
  • assembly 12 may be adapted for use with, for example, commercially available gas coalescers, either vertical or horizontal in design.
  • coupling of assembly 12 to the coalescer may be accomplished directly to the coalescer without the use, for example, of an isolation valve used in connection with a sampling nozzle in a pipeline.
  • the system 10 in addition to having the contaminant measurement assembly 12, may also include a chromatographic assembly 30 for use in determining the origin of the contaminants, such as aerosol particles, in the fluid flow. In that way, it can be determined whether the measured aerosols originated from liquid condensation or in the pipeline 11.
  • the chromatographic measurement in an embodiment, can be used to determined a dew point temperature of the fluid (i.e., gas). In particular, if the operating temperature of pipeline 11 is lower than the dew point temperature of the fluid, then condensation can be assumed to be the source of such aerosols.
  • chromatographic assembly 30, similar to contaminant measurement assembly 12, may be designed to access the interior of pipeline 11 by way of a sampling nozzle 301, similar to sampling nozzle 111 in Fig. IA.
  • a sampling nozzle 301 may be situated at any desired point along pipeline 11 may, and in an embodiment, be nozzle 111 or may be spatially situated from nozzle 111.
  • assembly 12 may be removed from nozzle 111 and replaced with assembly 30 for the appropriated sampling and measurement. Otherwise, different sampling nozzles may be provided, such that each supports a different sampling and measurement assembly.
  • a valve such as an isolation valve 302, may be provided in connection with the sampling nozzle 301 on pipeline 11 to open or close access to the fluid flow within pipeline 11, for example, by wheel 303.
  • Chromatographic assembly 30 in one embodiment, includes a probe
  • probe 31 substantially similar to probe 13, designed to extract and transport a fluid sample from within the pipeline 11 to a collection cylinder 35 for subsequent chromatographic analysis.
  • probe 31 may be made to extend across isolation valve 302, down through sampling nozzle 301, and into pipeline 11, where it may communicate with the fluid flow.
  • probe 31 may be situated so that its tip 311 extends sufficiently into the fluid flow. Similar to tip 131 of probe 13, tip 311 may extend at least approximately 2.0 inches past the wall 114 of pipeline 11.
  • probe 31 may be situated along pipeline 11 where the velocity of the fluid flow may be between about 1 ft/sec to about 60 fVsec.
  • tip 311 may be cut at an angle, e.g., 45 degrees so as to optimize the flow of fluid into tip 311.
  • tip 311 may be provided with other designs, for instance, one similar to the transverse position of tip 131 in probe 13. Regardless of the design, tip 311 should permit isokinetic sampling by probe 13 of fluid flow within pipeline 11.
  • probe 31 may be made from a strong material that can withstand such an inhospitable environment.
  • probe 31 may be made from stainless steel tubing.
  • other similar materials e.g., metals, metal alloys, may be used, so long as those materials can withstand the inhospitable environment within pipeline 11.
  • Assembly 30 may also include an insertion guide 33 to permit engagement between probe 31 and an isolation valve, such as valve 302, on sampling nozzle 301.
  • guide 33 may include a body portion 34 through which probe 31 may extend. Body portion 34 may, in an embodiment, act to provide support to probe 31 and maintain the position (i.e., centering or elevation) of probe 31 within the sampling nozzle 301 and pipeline 11.
  • guide 33 may include a threaded section to allow guide 33 to be securely received within a complementary threaded opening (not shown) in the isolation valve 302. Other designs well known in the art may also be used, so long as such designs permit a secured engagement with the isolation valve.
  • a seal (not shown), such as an o-ring or any other similar rubber or malleable seals, may be provided between the guide 33 and the probe 31, so as to minimize any escape of fluid flow through the isolation valve 302.
  • assembly 30 further includes a collection cylinder 35 in communication with probe 31.
  • Cylinder 35 in an embodiment, may be a pressure vessel which can house a collected fluid sample from pipeline 11 for subsequent chromatographic analysis. Cylinder 35 may include valves 351 and 352 at opposite ends to control the ingress and egress of collected fluid sample into cylinder 35.
  • An example of a cylinder for use in connection with the present invention includes a Standard Sample Cylinder from companies like Welker Engineering Company of Sugar Land, Texas.
  • a conduit 36 may be positioned between cylinder 35 and probe 31 to control the flow of the collected fluid sample into the cylinder 35.
  • conduit 36 may be provided with a first valve 361 at an end adjacent guide 33 for controlling the flow of the collected fluid from probe 33 into conduit 36.
  • Conduit 36 may also be provided with a second valve 362 at an opposite end adjacent valve 351 of cylinder 35.
  • Valve 362 in an embodiment, may be used to purge fluid flow from within probe 33.
  • probe 33 may contain remnants of a fluid sample from a previous collection that may interfere with the present collection.
  • valve 362 may be actuated so that a volume of fluid flow from within pipeline 11 may be exhausted from probe 33 prior to collection.
  • assembly 30 may include a chromatograph, such as gas chromatograph 37, in fluid communication with cylinder 35.
  • a pathway 371 may be placed between valve 352 and chromatograph 37, so that upon actuation of valve 352, collected fluid flow sample may be released from within cylinder 35 and directed into the gas chromatograph 37 for chromatographic analysis.
  • the cylinder 35 may be disengaged from assembly 30 and coupled to chromatograph 37 located in a lab, e.g., a mobile lab on-site or an off-site lab, for chromatographic analysis.
  • a lab e.g., a mobile lab on-site or an off-site lab
  • Chromatograph 37 may be any commercially available chromatograph capable of identifying the constituents of the sampled fluid flow.
  • one such chromatograph may be the CP- 4900 Micro-GC from Varian, Inc. in Palo Alto, California.
  • a chromatograph is an instrument that utilizes packed column technology to separate a fluid (e.g., gas) or a mixture into its constituents for subsequent analysis.
  • a fluid e.g., gas
  • a mixture e.g., gas
  • the concentration of each of the constituents can have an effect on, for instance, a final heat valve or quality of the fluid, knowledge of these concentrations can assist in the tuning of, for example, turbine engines for efficient operations and emissions control.
  • the data on the constituents obtained from an analysis provided by a chromatograph may also used to model a hydrocarbon dew point of a fluid flow system.
  • the dew point information may be used to verify the origin of the liquid aerosol contaminants in system 10.
  • the hydrocarbon dew point can be an important physical property of the fluid flow system, such as a natural gas system, that should be determined prior to the design or implementation of fluid conditioning equipment. For instance, if the fluid temperature is below the hydrocarbon dew point, then liquid aerosols may form as liquids condense out of the fluid. Knowing this permits the appropriate filtration and/or separation technology to be implemented.
  • the fluid may have to be heated to keep, for instance, the liquid aerosol particles in solution as a vapor. It may also be common for pipelines that operate close to the hydrocarbon dew point to require insulation and heat tracing (external pipeline heating) to keep, for example, the cool morning air from producing unwanted liquids in the pipeline.
  • system 10 may also be provided with an additional contaminant measurement assembly, such as solids measurement assembly 40.
  • Assembly 40 in an embodiment may be substantially similar to assembly 12 in Fig. 1, except that instead of having a particle counter 15, assembly 40 may be provided with a filter housing 45 for collecting solid contaminants from the fluid flow.
  • assembly 40 may be designed to engage pipeline 11 by way of a sampling nozzle 411 and isolation valve 412, which can be actuated between an open and closed position to prevent fluid flow from escaping through the sampling nozzle 411 when assembly 40 may not be in engagement therewith or when assembly 40 is not in use.
  • Assembly 40 may also include a probe 43 designed to transport a fluid sample from within the pipeline 11 to filter housing 45.
  • probe 43 may be made to extend from an exterior environment, across isolation valve 412, down through sampling nozzle 411, and into pipeline 1 1 where it may communicate with the fluid flow.
  • Probe 43 in an embodiment, may include a tip 431 provided with a design similar to that shown in Fig. IA in connection with tip 131 of probe 13. Nevertheless, it should be appreciated that tip 431 may be provided with various other designs, for example, tip 431 may be cut at an angle, e.g., 45 degrees, so long as the position of tip 431 may be such that fluid flow within pipeline 11 can optimally enter probe 43 to permit isokinetic collection of a sample of the fluid flow.
  • probe 43 may be made from a strong material that can withstand such an inhospitable environment.
  • probe 13 may be made from metals, such as stainless steel, metal alloys, or any other materials that can withstand the inhospitable environment within pipeline 11.
  • Assembly 40 may further include an insertion guide 44 to permit engagement between probe 43 and isolation valve 412 on sampling nozzle 411.
  • guide 44 may be similar to guide 14 shown in Fig. 2.
  • Guide 44 in general, acts to provide support to probe 43 and maintain the position (i.e., centering and elevation) of probe 43 within the sampling nozzle 411 and pipeline 11.
  • Guide 44 may also act to provide probe 43 with a secured engagement with isolation valve 412 on sampling nozzle 411.
  • a seal (not shown), such as an o-ring or any other similar rubber or malleable seals, may be provided between a coupling mechanism, similar to item 23 in Fig.2, and isolation valve 412, so as to minimize any escape of fluid flow through the isolation valve 412.
  • assembly 40 can also include a valve, such as probe valve 430, situated at an outlet end 432 opposite tip 431 of probe 43.
  • Probe valve 430 in one embodiment, can be actuated between an open position and a closed position to control the flow of fluid from within pipeline 11 out of probe 43 and into filter housing 45.
  • Assembly 40 may further include a pathway 46 coupled to filter housing 45 to permit the fluid flow to exit and be discharged from within the housing 45.
  • a flow meter 47 may be situated along the pathway 46 in order to measure a rate of fluid flow through assembly 40.
  • the fluid flow rate through assembly 40 can be adjusted by flow valve 48 and set to substantially match the rate of fluid flow within pipeline 11, so that an isokinetic sample may be directed through assembly 40 for collection.
  • flow valve 48 may be situated between flow meter 47 and filter housing 45.
  • Assembly 40 may be designed to collect solid contaminants for subsequent measurement by way of filter housing 45.
  • filter housing 45 may be provided, in one embodiment, with an inlet 451 designed to be in fluid communication with probe valve 430. If necessary, a passageway 433 my be positioned between probe valve 430 and inlet 451 of filter housing 45, so that the sampled fluid flow may be directed therethrough to filter housing 45.
  • Filter housing 45 may also be provided with an outlet 452 coupled to pathway 46 to discharge the sampled fluid flow from the housing 45 into pathway 46.
  • a seal (not shown), such as a Swagelok ® fitting, may be situated at such a juncture.
  • Filter housing 45 may also include a chamber 49 within which a filter element 51 (Fig. 5) may be situated for collection of solid contaminants.
  • filter housing 45 looking at Fig. 5, may be designed, in an embodiment, to include opposing portions 52 capable of engaging and being separated from one another.
  • Each portion 52 as shown in Fig. 5, may include a recess 53 designed to form chamber 49 when the two opposing portions 52 engage one another.
  • a seal for example, an o-ring 54, may be positioned circumferentially about chamber 49 to provide chamber 49 with a substantially tight seal.
  • complementary channels 55 may be provided about each recess 53, so that a portion of seal 54 may be situated within one channel 55 with the remaining portion of seal 54 being received within the other channel 55.
  • each portion 52 may be provided with an opening 56 at a juncture between recess 53 and the respective inlet 451 or outlet 452.
  • filter housing 45 may be provided with an engagement mechanism capable of withstanding the substantially high pressure.
  • each portion 52 may be provided with complementary apertures 57 that may be in substantial alignment with one another and may be capable of receiving, for example, nuts and bolts, screws, or any other similar components therethrough.
  • portions 52 may be provided with other designs, so that the portions 52 may be retained against one another. For instance, the use of clamps, buckles or another mechanisms known in the art may be employed.
  • Filter element 51 in an embodiment, may be in a shape that permits it to be received within chamber 49.
  • filter element 51 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, filter element 51 be circular in shape, e.g., disc shape.
  • filter element 51 may be provided with any geometric shape, so long as it can be received within chamber 49.
  • filter element 51 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, may be made from a piece of, for example, produced nylon with sufficient porosity to allow gas or liquid to flow therethrough, while allowing solid contaminants to be captured thereon. As conditions within pipeline 11 may vary from pipeline to pipeline, the porosity of filter element 51 may need to change, for instance, in diameter, in number, or both, in order to adequately meet the sampling conditions.
  • Filter element 51 upon completion of the sampling, may be removed from the filter housing 45 for subsequent measurement and analysis of the collected solid contaminants.
  • housing 45 along with filter element 51 therein may, in one embodiment of the present invention, be substituted for particle counter 15 in assembly 12.
  • particle counter 15 may be removed from assembly 12 and replaced with filter housing 45, or vice versa.
  • pipeline 11 may be provided a sufficient number of sampling nozzles, so that assembly 12 and assembly 40 may each engage an independent sampling nozzle, as may also be the case with assembly 30 for chromatographic analysis.
  • each, some, or all of the assemblies discussed above in connection with system 10 may be used. However, prior at activating the assembly, each assembly may initially need to be set up along pipeline 11 before measurement of the fluid flow can take place.
  • fluid flow velocity may initially be calculated along a section of pipeline where a sample fluid flow may be collected for measurement, to see whether the velocity may be within an appropriate range.
  • the fluid flow velocity appropriate for measurement may range from about 1 ft/sec to about 60 ft/sec. If the fluid flow velocity is within the appropriate range, in an embodiment, an insertion guide, such as guide 14 may be inserted into isolation valve 112 and tighten therewith.
  • probe 13 may be inserted through the tightened guide 14, across isolation valve 112, into sampling nozzle 111, and into the fluid flow.
  • tip 131 of probe 13 may be placed at least approximately 2.0 inches past a juncture between the sampling nozzle 111 and pipeline 11.
  • probe valve 130 may be actuated into an open position to purge (i.e., clean) probe 13 of unwanted fluids, particles, or other components.
  • contaminant measurement device such as laser counter 15, may be attached to the probe 13, along with the flow meter 17, and associated pathway 16.
  • the velocity of fluid flow through assembly 12 may be determined.
  • flow valve 18 may be adjusted in order to change and set the velocity of fluid flow at, for instance, isokinetic conditions.
  • fluid flow within the pipeline 11 may be directed into tip 131 and allowed to travel along the probe 13, across probe valve 130, through inlet 151 of laser counter 15, and into laser counter 15.
  • Laser counter 15, having been activated, may then perform a particle count and a measurement of particle size present in the fluid flow.
  • the mass of the particles measured over a certain period of time can then be calculated and compared to the mass of the sampled fluid flow during the same period of time.
  • the difference between the two calculated masses can thus provide an aerosol mass content measurement in the gas stream. This information may thereafter be used in determining the sizing and selection of liquid aerosol extraction technologies.
  • a sample of fluid flow may be isokinetically collected within cylinder 35 by directing fluid flow in the pipeline into tip 31 1 and allowed to travel along the probe 31, through conduit 36, across valve 351 of cylinder 35, and into cylinder 35.
  • the fluid flow sample may be directed into the gas chromatograph 37 for chromatographic analysis.
  • Directing the collected sample from cylinder 35 into chromatograph 37 may be accomplished by way of pathway 371.
  • cylinder 35 may be disengaged from assembly 30 and coupled to chromatograph 37 located in a lab, e.g., a mobile lab on-site or an off-site lab, for chromatographic analysis.
  • Data on the constituents obtained from an analysis provided by a chromatograph may be used to determine the existence and amount of each constituent in the sampled fluid flow, so as to permit identification of the origin of the contaminants within the fluid flow system.
  • the data may also be used to model a hydrocarbon dew point of a fluid flow system.
  • the hydrocarbon dew point can be an important physical property of the fluid flow system, since if the fluid temperature is below the hydrocarbon dew point, then liquid aerosols may form as liquids condense out of the fluid. Knowing this permits the appropriate filtration and/or separation technology to be implemented.
  • the fluid flow is at or below its dew point, then the fluid flow may have to be heated to keep, for instance, the liquid aerosol particles in solution as a vapor.
  • assembly 40 may also be activated along pipeline 11 to isokinetically collect a fluid flow sample and thereafter measured for the representative presence of solid contaminants within pipeline 11. Again, as noted above, prior to activating assembly 40, a set up process similar to that provided for assembly 12 may be implemented.
  • fluid flow within pipeline 11 may be directed into tip 431 and allowed to travel along probe 43, across probe valve 430, through inlet 451 of filter housing 45, into filter housing 45, and across filter element 51 in housing 45.
  • Filter element 51 because of its porosity, can allow the fluid flow to move across the filter element S 1 , while capturing solid contaminants thereon. Thereafter, filter element 51 may be removed from housing 45 and the collected contaminated measured.
  • the filter element 51 may be placed within a dehydration oven in order to evaporate moisture from the filter element Sl. It should be appreciated that the filter element Sl should be substantially free of moisture in order to provide optimal mass measurement.
  • filter element 51 may be placed on a Petri dish when placed within the dehydration oven. Next, filter element 51 may be removed from the dehydration oven and allowed to cool in a desiccator vat.
  • the desiccator vat may simply be a pot with a lid having a desiccate-like silica gel. Allowing the filter element 51 to cool to room temperature in the desiccator vat can keep the filter element 51 from re-absorbing moisture from the air.
  • the filter element 51 may then be weighed on a scale and its mass with the collected solid contaminants compared against its previously measured mass without the collected solid contaminants. Additionally, the filter element 51 or its photo may be viewed under a counting microscope to determine the number and size of the solid particles in order to provide a particle size distribution for the sample. These data can then be used to select the appropriate filtration and separation technology for implementation in connection with the fluid flow system.
  • system 10 may be designed to permit assembly 12 to be used simultaneously with assembly 30, or to permit assembly 12 to be used simultaneously with assembly 40 and assembly 30.
  • each assembly may be used in succession and in any combination as provided above.
  • the assemblies share a variety of common features, including the guide, and probe, in one embodiment, it is contemplated that, for example, the particle counter 15 in assembly 12 can be removed and replaced with cylinder 35 and chromatograph 37 of assembly 30 or replaced with filter housing 45 of assembly 40, depending on which assembly needs to be employed.
  • probe 13, probe 31, and probe 43 may be used interchangeably among the various assemblies. Of course, should it be desired, only one probe may be provided for use with all the assemblies.
  • the probe may be removed from one assembly after sampling and coupled to another assembly for a subsequently sampling of the fluid flow in pipeline 11.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système destiné à la mesure et à l'analyse de contaminants de pipeline. Le système inclut un premier ensemble permettant de mettre en prise un pipeline duquel peut être recueilli de manière isocinétique un premier échantillon d'écoulement fluide en vue d'une mesure de contaminants aérosols. Le système inclut également un second ensemble destiné à mettre en prise le pipeline duquel peut être recueilli un second échantillon d'écoulement fluide en vue d'une analyse chromatographique des contaminants aérosols. Le système peut en outre inclure un troisième ensemble destiné à mettre en prise le pipeline duquel peut être obtenu un échantillon d'écoulement fluide en vue de la mesure de contaminants solides. Des informations sur les contaminants aérosols et les contaminants solides peuvent ensuite être utilisées pour sélectionner une technologie appropriée d'extraction afin de réguler la présence de contaminants aérosols et solides à l'intérieur du pipeline. Des informations provenant de l'analyse chromatographique peuvent par ailleurs être utilisées pour identifier l'origine des contaminants aérosols de telle sorte que des mesures correctrices puissent être mise en œuvre pour minimiser la présence de contaminants aérosols à l'intérieur du pipeline. L'invention concerne également un procédé de mesure et d'analyse de contaminants de pipeline.
PCT/US2006/049429 2006-12-28 2006-12-28 Systèmes et procédés de mesure et d'analyse de contaminants de pipeline WO2008082377A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06851506.3A EP2097731A4 (fr) 2006-12-28 2006-12-28 Systemes et procedes de mesure et d'analyse de contaminants de pipeline
CNA2006800568441A CN101568819A (zh) 2006-12-28 2006-12-28 用于测量和分析管路污染物的系统及方法
PCT/US2006/049429 WO2008082377A1 (fr) 2006-12-28 2006-12-28 Systèmes et procédés de mesure et d'analyse de contaminants de pipeline

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2006/049429 WO2008082377A1 (fr) 2006-12-28 2006-12-28 Systèmes et procédés de mesure et d'analyse de contaminants de pipeline

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WO2008082377A1 true WO2008082377A1 (fr) 2008-07-10

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CN (1) CN101568819A (fr)
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DE102012007162A1 (de) * 2012-04-07 2013-10-10 Festo Ag & Co. Kg Detektionsvorrichtung
CN111024829A (zh) * 2018-10-09 2020-04-17 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 天然气品质检测系统及方法
EP2401600B1 (fr) * 2007-06-28 2021-08-11 Parker Hannifin Filtration (US), Inc. Systèmes et procédés permettant de surveiller à distance des contaminants dans des fluides
CN113686623A (zh) * 2021-08-05 2021-11-23 江西林基环保新科技有限公司 一种带有取样功能的给水管中间连接设备

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JP6885965B2 (ja) * 2016-10-26 2021-06-16 株式会社島津製作所 フロースルーバイアル及びオートサンプラ

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Cited By (5)

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EP2401600B1 (fr) * 2007-06-28 2021-08-11 Parker Hannifin Filtration (US), Inc. Systèmes et procédés permettant de surveiller à distance des contaminants dans des fluides
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CN111024829B (zh) * 2018-10-09 2023-02-28 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 天然气品质检测系统及方法
CN113686623A (zh) * 2021-08-05 2021-11-23 江西林基环保新科技有限公司 一种带有取样功能的给水管中间连接设备

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Publication number Publication date
EP2097731A1 (fr) 2009-09-09
CN101568819A (zh) 2009-10-28
EP2097731A4 (fr) 2017-06-28

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