WO2008077717A1 - Verfahren zum starten eines kommunikationssystems, kommunikationssystem mit einem kommunikationsmedium und mehreren daran angeschlossenen teilnehmern und teilnehmer eines solchen kommunikationssystems - Google Patents
Verfahren zum starten eines kommunikationssystems, kommunikationssystem mit einem kommunikationsmedium und mehreren daran angeschlossenen teilnehmern und teilnehmer eines solchen kommunikationssystems Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008077717A1 WO2008077717A1 PCT/EP2007/063164 EP2007063164W WO2008077717A1 WO 2008077717 A1 WO2008077717 A1 WO 2008077717A1 EP 2007063164 W EP2007063164 W EP 2007063164W WO 2008077717 A1 WO2008077717 A1 WO 2008077717A1
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- communication
- communication system
- subscriber
- node
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/04—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
- H04L7/10—Arrangements for initial synchronisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
- H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
- H04J3/0641—Change of the master or reference, e.g. take-over or failure of the master
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a communication system comprising a communication medium and a plurality of subscribers connected thereto.
- the invention also relates to a subscriber connected to a communication medium of a communication system according to the preamble of patent claim 6.
- the present patent application relates to a method for Starting a communication system according to the preamble of patent claim 11.
- the networking of control devices, sensors and actuators using a communication system with a communication medium has increased dramatically in recent years in the construction of modern motor vehicles or in mechanical engineering, in particular in the machine tool sector, as well as in automation. Synergy effects through the distribution of functions on several control devices as participants of the communication system can be achieved. This is called distributed systems.
- the communication between different participants takes place more and more via a communication medium.
- the communication traffic on the communication medium, access and reception mechanisms as well as error handling are regulated by a protocol.
- a well-known protocol for this is the FlexRay protocol, whereby at the moment the FlexRay protocol Protocol specification v2.1.
- a FlexRay communication system is a fast, deterministic and fault-tolerant bus system, especially for use in a motor vehicle.
- the FlexRay protocol operates according to the method of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), whereby the nodes (ie the users of the communication system) or the messages to be transmitted are assigned fixed time slots in which they have exclusive access to the communication medium.
- the time slots which are also referred to as communication frames, repeat themselves in a defined communication cycle, so that the time at which a message is transmitted via the bus can be accurately predicted and the bus access is deterministic.
- time-triggered communication systems include Time Triggered CAN (TTCAN), Time Triggered Protocol (TTP), Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) Bus and Local Interconnect Network (LIN) Bus.
- FlexRay divides the cycle into a static and a dynamic part.
- the fixed time slots are located in the static part at the beginning of a bus cycle.
- the time slots are allocated dynamically.
- the exclusive bus access is only possible for a short time, for the duration of a so-called minislot. Only if a bus access occurs within a minislot, the time slot is extended by the required time. Thus, bandwidth is only consumed when it is actually needed.
- FlexRay communicates via two physically separate lines with a maximum data rate of 10 Mbit / s per channel. Of course, FlexRay can also be operated at lower data rates. There are a total of two channels, so 2 x 2 lines provided.
- the two channels correspond to the physical layer, in particular the OSI layer model (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model).
- the two channels are mainly used for the redundant and thus fault-tolerant transmission of messages, that is, the same data is transmitted in parallel on both channels. However, the channels can also transmit different messages, which would double the data rate. This will be in practice currently not used. At the moment, most of the data is only transmitted via one of the two channels, so that the other channel is unused.
- the distributed components in the communication network ie the subscribers, need a common time base, the so-called global time.
- synchronization messages are transmitted in the static part of the communication cycle, with the help of a special algorithm according to the FlexRay specification, the local time of a subscriber is corrected so that all local clocks run synchronously to a common global clock.
- a FlexRay network node or FlexRay device contains a user processor, a FlexRay controller or communication controller, and a bus guardian for bus monitoring.
- the processor supplies and processes the data that is transmitted via the FlexRay communication controller.
- Messages or message objects with, for example, up to 254 data bytes can be configured for communication in a FlexRay network.
- a subscriber can be a control unit for realizing a specific functionality, for example for controlling a brake for a wheel of a motor vehicle.
- the term "subscriber" within the meaning of the present invention also includes any type of node in the communication system, for example also an active star node or star coupler, by which the communication medium is given a star topology.
- Star couplers are for example for FlexRay
- Active star couplers are important in communication networks in which the communication link or the communication medium splits up, that is to say has a star topology, and a data signal is to be split onto a plurality of branches of the communication medium.
- active star couplers are important when it comes to the over- Transmission of data signals over complex network topologies and longer distances is because they additionally or alternatively to the division of the data signal on several branches can amplify the signal.
- the use of star couplers limits errors in the transmission to a branch.
- a corresponding active star coupler for use in a FlexRay communication system is offered by Philips Semiconductors.
- FlexRay communication controllers of the type "SJA 2510" according to the specification v2.1 and an ARM9 microcontroller are integrated.
- the ports can be configured either as input for incoming data signals and / or as output for outgoing data signals.
- the star coupler has at each port a bus driver for amplifying an outgoing data signal.
- An analog data signal coming in via one of the connections is forwarded to a central processing logic of the star coupler, which has a computing device, for example in the form of a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a microcontroller ( ⁇ C) or a digital signal processor (DSP).
- a computing device for example in the form of a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a microcontroller ( ⁇ C) or a digital signal processor (DSP).
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- ⁇ C microcontroller
- DSP digital signal processor
- the prior art active star couplers known in the art may include Philips type "TJA 1080" bus drivers similar to those of FlexRay transceiver units (so-called FlexRay nodes).
- the known star coupler provides a linkage of multiple transceivers to a hub.
- a hub forwards incoming data from a subscriber or node of a communication network via a branch of the communication medium to all other subscribers of the communication system and at the same time amplifies the signal to be forwarded.
- the subscriber nodes are turned on (ie powered), initialized and synchronized to the global time.
- Starting the communication system is also called “startup”.
- the subscriber nodes of a communication network are started up from the “sleep” state
- the subscriber nodes are activated during the "sleep” process
- Startup started from the off state and begin communication, that is, the first communication cycles take place and the nodes synchronize (so-called cold start).
- Subscribers who participate in starting the communication system are referred to below as cold start nodes (so-called cold start nodes).
- the prior art always requires at least two cold-start nodes in order to be able to start the communication system.
- one of the cold start nodes assumes the role of the leading cold start node.
- the participant accepts the role of the leading cold start node whose initialization or wakeup is the first to complete. If there is no traffic on the channels, the leading cold start node sends a collision avoidance symbol (CAS). Through this symbol, he tells the other cold start node that he has assumed the role of the leader. Thereafter, the first communication cycles take place, in which the leading cold-start node in each case sends a synchronization frame, a so-called startup frame. According to FlexRay specification v2.1, this is the case during the first four communication cycles.
- the nodes now detect this and ensure that only one person continues the startup.
- the other cold start nodes have synchronized to the leading one and in the fifth cycle themselves start sending synchronization frames.
- the leading cold-start node has the opportunity to synchronize itself in the subsequent communication cycles, as it receives communication frames from other nodes for the first time. According to FlexRay specification v2.1, this occurs during the fifth and sixth communication cycles.
- the leading cold start node After the synchronization in the fifth and sixth communication cycle, the leading cold start node then starts the normal data transmission. The remaining cold-start nodes, which had finished initializing after the leading cold-start node, start one cycle later with normal data transfer.
- the non-cold start nodes have time to synchronize during the first eight cycles and start data transfer at the earliest in the ninth cycle.
- a disadvantage of the known method for starting the communication system is that the participants can start with the data transmission or synchronization in the first place, if at least two cold start / startup participants in the network. For the synchronization of the local clocks of the participants, it is therefore necessary that at least two startup participants are switched on and with the
- the switch-on times of the participants that is to say the period of time from the switch-on of the participant until the completion of the initialization, are subject to considerable fluctuations.
- the turn-on times are typically in a range of 50 - 200 ms.
- the FlexRay communication cycles range from 1 to 16 ms. If one of the cold start nodes already completes the initialization after 50 ms, but the second fastest cold start node does not complete the initialization until 200 ms, the first node must be 150 ms, with a FlexRay communication cycle of 1 ms it must be after all, 150 communication cycles, wait before the participants can be synchronized and data transmission can begin.
- the communication system can not be synchronized yet.
- the fastest-switched node always has to wait for the second fastest cold-start node before it can begin synchronization of the local clocks and a few cycles later with the actual data transmission. The result is a sometimes considerable delay in starting the communication system.
- the object of the present invention is to start a timed communication system, that is to say to switch on, initialize and synchronize the participants in the communication system. cation system, so that the actual data transmission can be started sooner.
- the communication system has means for generating at least two different synchronization frames per communication cycle in at least one of the subscribers.
- a subscriber is also proposed according to the preamble of patent claim 6, which has means for generating at least two different synchronization frames per communication cycle.
- a method according to the preamble of claim 11 is proposed, wherein a subscriber of the communication system is turned on and initialized and the participant then sends out for synchronization at least two different synchronization frames per communication cycle, the participant is synchronized to one of the two synchronization frames and afterwards ready for data transmission.
- the present invention has the advantage that a subscriber can be switched on and initialized and then be able to go through the synchronization procedure in isolation immediately and without waiting times.
- the participant first assumes the role of the leading cold start node in the communication network. Since there is no traffic on the channels (it is the only active node), it sends a collision Avoidance Symbol (CAS). Through this symbol, he tells the other (not existing) cold start node that he has assumed the role of the leader. Thereafter, the first four communication cycles take place in which the subscriber in each case sends out a first synchronization frame (so-called startup frame). Other (non-existent) cold-start nodes have the option of synchronizing with the participant during the first four cycles. If another cold start node is simulated in the subscriber, this could be synchronized to the leading subscriber (who sent out the first synchronization frames).
- CAS collision Avoidance Symbol
- the first four cycles may simply pass unused or the second sync frames may already be transmitted, in which case, however, the subsequent transmission of the sync frames could be omitted.
- the subscriber or the simulated cold start node transmits the second synchronization frames during the subsequent two communication cycles. Now, the leading subscriber (who has sent out the first synchronization frames) has the opportunity to synchronize to the simulated cold start node or to the second synchronization frames.
- the subscriber can to a certain extent synchronize with himself, ie the (leading) subscriber who transmits the first synchronization frames synchronizes with the (simulated) subscriber transmitting the second synchronization frames or with the second synchronization frame.
- the subscriber is synchronized to a global time and can then start with the normal data transfer.
- the simulated node and the leading node are one and the same subscriber node, so that the subscriber, as it were, synchronizes with himself.
- two different cold-start nodes or parts thereof required for synchronization are thus simulated in the subscriber at least for the duration of the startup by emitting two different synchronization frames.
- the at least one subscriber transmitting two different synchronization frames per communication cycle would be fully compatible with the protocol specification used in the communication system.
- the at least one subscriber who transmits two different synchronization frames per communication cycle is, at least in terms of the startup, not compatible with the protocol specification used in the communication system.
- corresponding messages syn-called sync frames
- the messages or synchronization frames must take this circumstance into account
- the present invention provides a simple and inexpensive method available to synchronize earlier than before, since the startup phase is omitted or only shortened. It is also conceivable that the participants according to the invention are not FlexRay compliant with regard to the startup of the communication system. With regard to the actual data transmission via the communication system, however, the participants according to the invention are also FlexRay-compliant. This would then mean that the subscribers according to the invention start up in a non-FlexRay-compliant procedure (without startup or with a shortened startup), but then start communication in the normal way in accordance with the FlexRay specification.
- the non-FlexRay-compliant starting of the communication system can, for example.
- a simple, logical circuit which does not go through the FlexRay cold start, but behaves as two normal FlexRay nodes would behave together if they were already in the normal operating state ("normal active").
- This means that two synchronization frames (so-called startup frames or sync frames) are simply generated, namely so-called NU LL frames (frames without usable data, variable zero frame indicator 0).
- This can be achieved by a very simple sequential logic, which thus generates, for example, two NULL frames with the identifier or ID 1 and 2, which are additionally identified as startup frames.
- the values for the cycle counter and the CRC (cyclic redundancy check) vary depending on the cycle, so 64 different sequences have to be generated, then the process starts again.
- FIG. 2 shows state transitions in a communication system known from the prior art
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a network topology of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a subscriber according to the invention of the communication system according to a first preferred embodiment
- FIG. 5 shows a subscriber according to the invention of the communication system according to a second preferred embodiment
- FIG. 6 shows a subscriber according to the invention of the communication system according to a third preferred embodiment.
- the present invention relates to a communication system, as shown for example in Figure 3 and indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral 1.
- the communication system 1 has a communication medium 2 corresponding to the physical layer.
- the communication medium 2 may include one or more channels and one or more lines or other media per channel.
- an optical wire e.g., glass fiber
- a radio link e.g., a radio link
- an infrared link may also be used as a physical layer.
- At least two participants are connected to the communication medium 2.
- the communication system 1 shown in FIG. 3 comprises subscribers in the form of network nodes 3 as well as active star couplers 4. Overall, the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 comprises seven network nodes 3 and two active star couplers 4.
- the communication system 1 is designed for the transmission of data between the subscribers 3, 4 via the communication medium 2 in communication frames of communication cycles by means of a time-controlled protocol.
- a time-controlled protocol for example, the FlexRay protocol, preferably in the specification v2.1, application.
- any other time-controlled protocol that provides for data transmission over the communication medium in communication frames of communication cycles can also be used as the protocol.
- One of the nodes 3 of the communication system 1, the node AB 3a comprises means for generating at least two different synchronization frames per communication cycle.
- the at least one subscriber generates 3a exactly two different synchronization frames per communication cycle.
- the communication system 1 according to the invention has the advantage that at least two cold-start nodes 3 are not required to start the communication system 1 as in the prior art, but that the communication system 1 can be started with the node 3a alone taking into account the protocol specification used. This involves a so-called cold start (or startup) of the communication system in preparation for the actual data transfer.
- the node A (Node A) and the node B (Node B) are so-called cold start nodes (cold start nodes), which are available for starting the known communication system.
- One of the cold-start nodes (here node A) assumes the role of the leading cold-start node, since it is the first to complete the initialization after switching on. If there is no traffic on the channels, node A sends a so-called collision avoidance symbol (CAS). Through this symbol, he tells the other cold start node (here node B) that he has assumed the role of the leader.
- the first four communication cycles (Cycle 0 to Cycle 3) occur, in which node A sends a synchronization frame (so-called startup frame).
- node A has the ability to synchronize, because for the first time it receives synchronization frames from other nodes. This synchronization takes place in the fifth and sixth cycle (CyIe 4 and Cycle 5) and then begins in the next cycle (Cycle 6) with the normal data transmission. Node B starts one cycle later (Cycle 7) with the normal data transfer. The remaining non-cold start nodes (here node C) have time to synchronize during the first eight cycles (Cycle 0 to Cycle 7) and start data transmission at the earliest in the ninth cycle (Cycle 8).
- node A may transmit the first time in the seventh cycle (cycle 6), node B in the eighth cycle (cycle 7), and all other nodes in the ninth cycle (cycle 8).
- Node A can not transmit for 240 ms (210 ms + 6 • 5 ms) after powering up,
- Node B can transmit at least 245 ms (210 ms + 7 • 5 ms) after power-up, and - Node C can not transmit for 250 ms (210 ms + 8 • 5 ms) after power-up.
- the synchronization can not already be started 50 ms after switch-on (node B) but 210 ms after switch-on, even though node A is already initialized.
- the communication system is delayed by 32 communication cycles ((210 ms - 50 ms): 5 ms) and the actual communication via the communication system can only be started with a delay of 32 communication cycles.
- the starting of the communication system in any case already completed eight communication cycles after switching on a subscriber, even if no other cold start node as a partner is available to the participant.
- This is achieved by combining two cold-start nodes in one hardware and thereby simultaneously starting them.
- Two complete cold start nodes with the complete range of functions can be combined in one hardware.
- only partial functionalities of the cold-start nodes, preferably the functions of the nodes required for the synchronization are combined in the hardware.
- These sub-functions can also be realized by application-specific standard semiconductor circuits, which may need to be adapted or programmed accordingly.
- suitable hardware support it can be ensured that the cold start of the subscriber takes place in each case immediately after switching on or after completion of the initialization.
- node AB Only one cold start node (here node AB) is required, which assumes the role of the leading cold start node and sends a collision avoidance symbol (CAS) if there is no traffic on the channels. If it is ensured that the node AB is the only cold start node in the communication network, the transmission of the CAS can alternatively be dispensed with, since there are no other cold start nodes to which the node AB would have to announce that it has the role of Leader has taken over. Thereafter, the first four communication cycles occur in which the node AB sends a first startup frame. If another node has started the startup at the same time and sent the CAS, the nodes now notice this and ensure that only one, namely the node AB, continues the startup.
- CAS collision avoidance symbol
- the node AB starts sending the second startup frame. Now, the node AB has the opportunity to synchronize to the second synchronization frames, since it is the first time frames (so-called.
- node AB synchronizes to the second synchronization frames during the fifth and sixth cycles.
- the node AB synchronized to the first synchronization frame during the first four cycles, in which case no synchronization of the node AB would take place in the fifth and sixth cycle.
- the node AB thus has means for generating the different synchronization frames.
- the means for establishing the second synchronization frame simulates to node AB the presence of another cold start node, or the presence of other synchronization frames of another cold start node. This allows the synchronization process to proceed normally, with the exception that the simulated node is additionally integrated in the single cold start node AB.
- the synchronization of the node AB is performed in the fifth and sixth cycle or in the first to fourth cycle, so that the node AB can then start in the seventh cycle or in the eighth cycle with the normal data transmission. All other FlexRay communication partner nodes are only so-called integrating nodes, which synchronize themselves to the global time specified by node AB.
- the inventive method for starting the communication system 1 has, in particular for the following reasons, great advantages over the previous method.
- startup node only those participants can be used, which - depending on the application of the communication system - in all equipment of a motor vehicle, a building, a machine tool, etc. is present.
- no participants can be used, which represent only optional devices of the communication system.
- Typical devices in a motor vehicle that can be used as cold start nodes are nodes of the
- the second fastest startup node determines the time after which communication is possible, which under some circumstances can be very delayed.
- the invention can remedy to the effect that a single participant according to the invention is sufficient to the Synchronization and therefore can be started much earlier with the communication. It is no longer necessary to wait for the second fastest node since the communication between the subscriber according to the invention and a quasi non-existing subscriber can be started at the earliest possible time without delay (beyond the time required for the synchronization according to the protocol specification used).
- the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a concrete example.
- the communication system 1 has at least one particular subscriber 3a (cold-start node AB) which starts 50 ms after the switch-on. It continues to be assumed that a cycle time of 5 ms.
- Node AB can transmit 80 ms (50 ms + 6 • 5 ms) after power-up (if it is synchronized to the second synchronization frames in the fifth and sixth cycle), and
- Node C synchronizes itself as an integrating node to the time base given by node AB and can send 90 ms (50 ms + 8 • 5 ms) after power-up at the earliest.
- FIGS. 4 to 6 show various embodiments of a subscriber according to the invention, which has means for generating and transmitting two different synchronization frames per communication cycle and per communication channel (Chan A or Chan B).
- the subscriber is designed as a node 3a.
- the node 3a has a quartz oscillator (XTAL), as well as two inputs 5, 6 for a supply voltage (Ubatt) and an external wakeup signal (WakeUp).
- the node 3a also has a microcontroller 7 and two separate communication controllers 8, 9 (CCl and CC2).
- Each of the communication controllers 8, 9 has a separate transceiver unit, a so-called transceiver (Xcvrl, Xcvr2, Xcvr3, or Xcvr4), for each of the two channels A, B.
- the node 3a can generate a first synchronization frame by means of the first communication controller 8 and a second synchronization frame by means of the second communication controller 9 and this on the same channel (Chan A) via the communication medium. Since a communication controller 8, 9 can not generate two different synchronization frames, in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 two separate communication controllers 8, 9 must be provided in order to fulfill the requirement "No single point of failure".
- the at least one subscriber of the communication system 1, which has means for transmitting two different synchronization frames per communication cycle and per channel, is designed as a network node 3a.
- ASSP Application Specific Standard Product
- the integrated circuit 10 used must support the synchronization process according to the protocol specification used, so that no error message is triggered by the synchronization of the individual node 3a in the communication system 1 or the synchronization is not waited until further cold-start nodes have completed their initialization to have.
- the integrated circuit 10 (ASSP) shown in FIG. 5 can also be divided into two integrated circuits (ASSP1 and ASSP2), as shown in FIG. 1 for the node AB or the separate integrated circuits (ASSP1 and ASSP2) shown in FIG. may also be formed as a single integrated circuit 10.
- the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 is a solution optimized with respect to the embodiment of FIG. It will not be Communication controller 8, 9 used, but the integrated circuit 10 can only realize wakeup and startup operations, however, it can generate two sync-zero frames per communication cycle. In this way, the subscriber 3a can serve as the leading cold start node (so-called sync master), carry out the synchronization and thus start the communication in the communication system (with subscribers who are virtually non-existent).
- FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of a subscriber according to the invention.
- the participant is not a network node, but an active star coupler 4.
- a communication channel is distributed over several physical segments.
- the star coupler 4 has a transceiver unit, a so-called transceiver (Xcvrl).
- the star coupler 4 has an Application Specific Standard Product (ASSP) 10 which handles the generation of the two different synchronization frames per communication cycle.
- ASSP Application Specific Standard Product
- the star coupler 4 may also have two separate communication controllers (CCl and CC2), corresponding to the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 4.
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07847675A EP2127192A1 (de) | 2006-12-22 | 2007-12-03 | Verfahren zum starten eines kommunikationssystems, kommunikationssystem mit einem kommunikationsmedium und mehreren daran angeschlossenen teilnehmern und teilnehmer eines solchen kommunikationssystems |
JP2009524207A JP2010500228A (ja) | 2006-12-22 | 2007-12-03 | 通信システムを起動させる方法、通信媒体とそれに接続されている複数の加入者とを有する通信システム及びこの種の通信システムの加入者 |
US12/304,661 US20100061404A1 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2007-12-03 | Method for starting a communication system, a communication system having a communication medium and a plurality of subscribers connected thereto, and subscribers of such a communication system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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DE102006061278.7 | 2006-12-22 | ||
DE102006061278 | 2006-12-22 | ||
DE102007003126A DE102007003126A1 (de) | 2006-12-22 | 2007-01-15 | Verfahren zum Starten eines Kommunikationssystems, Kommunikationssystem mit einem Kommunikationsmedium und mehreren daran angeschlossenen Teilnehmern und Teilnehmer eines solchen Kommunikationssystems |
DE102007003126.4 | 2007-01-15 |
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PCT/EP2007/063164 WO2008077717A1 (de) | 2006-12-22 | 2007-12-03 | Verfahren zum starten eines kommunikationssystems, kommunikationssystem mit einem kommunikationsmedium und mehreren daran angeschlossenen teilnehmern und teilnehmer eines solchen kommunikationssystems |
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US (1) | US20100061404A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2127192A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2010500228A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20090099534A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102007003126A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2009127860A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008077717A1 (de) |
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US8004993B2 (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2011-08-23 | Tttech Computertechnik Aktiengesellschaft | Multirouter for time-controlled communication system |
CN103796894A (zh) * | 2011-09-12 | 2014-05-14 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 用于车辆信息完整性验证的方法和系统 |
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US8243714B1 (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2012-08-14 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for hierarchial system synchronization |
DE102009030204A1 (de) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-30 | Audi Ag | Sternkoppler für ein Bussystem, Bussystem mit einem solchen Sternkoppler sowie Verfahren zum Austauschen von Signalen in einem Bussystem |
DE102009050200B3 (de) | 2009-10-21 | 2011-03-31 | Böllhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH | Prozessüberwachung zum Hochgeschwindigkeitsfügen |
JP5362668B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-16 | 2013-12-11 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 車内データ中継装置 |
FR3016106B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-12-25 | Thales Sa | Procede de securisation d'une transmission dvb-s2 |
FR3040806B1 (fr) * | 2015-09-07 | 2019-10-11 | Continental Automotive France | Calculateur electronique de vehicule compatible avec le protocole de communication can-fd |
DE102017208836A1 (de) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-11-29 | Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh | Statussignalausgabe |
EP4102777A1 (de) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-14 | Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH | Lin-bus-system zeitsynchronisierung in einem kraftfahrzeug |
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EP1355461A2 (de) * | 2002-04-16 | 2003-10-22 | ROBERT BOSCH GmbH | Verfahren und Einheit zur Bitstromdekodierung |
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JP4162093B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-09 | 2008-10-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 通信システム |
US8031208B2 (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2011-10-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Drawing apparatus and method for processing plural pixels in parallel |
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2007
- 2007-01-15 DE DE102007003126A patent/DE102007003126A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-03 JP JP2009524207A patent/JP2010500228A/ja active Pending
- 2007-12-03 KR KR1020097012731A patent/KR20090099534A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-03 EP EP07847675A patent/EP2127192A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-03 US US12/304,661 patent/US20100061404A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-03 WO PCT/EP2007/063164 patent/WO2008077717A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-12-03 RU RU2009127860/09A patent/RU2009127860A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
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EP1355461A2 (de) * | 2002-04-16 | 2003-10-22 | ROBERT BOSCH GmbH | Verfahren und Einheit zur Bitstromdekodierung |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8004993B2 (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2011-08-23 | Tttech Computertechnik Aktiengesellschaft | Multirouter for time-controlled communication system |
CN103796894A (zh) * | 2011-09-12 | 2014-05-14 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 用于车辆信息完整性验证的方法和系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2010500228A (ja) | 2010-01-07 |
DE102007003126A1 (de) | 2008-06-26 |
EP2127192A1 (de) | 2009-12-02 |
RU2009127860A (ru) | 2011-01-27 |
US20100061404A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
KR20090099534A (ko) | 2009-09-22 |
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