WO2008073118A1 - Compositions de carburant sans plomb - Google Patents

Compositions de carburant sans plomb Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008073118A1
WO2008073118A1 PCT/US2006/061825 US2006061825W WO2008073118A1 WO 2008073118 A1 WO2008073118 A1 WO 2008073118A1 US 2006061825 W US2006061825 W US 2006061825W WO 2008073118 A1 WO2008073118 A1 WO 2008073118A1
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vol
fuel composition
unleaded fuel
alkylate
unleaded
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PCT/US2006/061825
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English (en)
Inventor
Jörg LANDSCHOF
Michael Clifford Macknay
Timothy Michael Shea
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
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Priority to AU2006351908A priority Critical patent/AU2006351908B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2006/061825 priority patent/WO2008073118A1/fr
Priority to CA2672211A priority patent/CA2672211C/fr
Priority to EP06846540.0A priority patent/EP2108032B1/fr
Priority to EP12185306A priority patent/EP2537913A1/fr
Publication of WO2008073118A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008073118A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number

Definitions

  • the present application relates to unleaded fuel compositions .
  • the octane rating of the fuel must be high enough to prevent knocking.
  • Gasolines sold at service stations typically have an octane rating of from about 87 to about 93. Fuels having such octane ratings are satisfactory for most automotive engines .
  • An unleaded fuel composition comprising: a combination of alkylated benzenes comprising alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; 5 vol.% or more of one or more aromatic amines; and, an isoparaffin composition selected from the group consisting of alkylate, a combination of isoparaffins having a total number of carbon atoms of 11 or less, and combinations thereof .
  • the present application provides unleaded fuel compositions having an octane rating of 105 or more.
  • the present application provides unleaded fuel compositions having an octane rating greater than 105.
  • the present application provides unleaded fuel compositions having an octane rating of 106 or more.
  • the present application also provides unleaded fuel compositions having an octane rating of 110 or more.
  • the present application also provides an unleaded fuel composition comprising: a combination of alkylated benzenes comprising alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; 5 vol . % or more of one or more aromatic amines; and, an isoparaffin composition selected from the group consisting of alkylate, a combination of isoparaffins having a total number of carbon atoms of 11 or less, and combinations thereof.
  • the present application also provides an unleaded fuel composition comprising: an isoparaffin composition comprising alkylate; a combination of alkylated benzenes comprising alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and, one or more aromatic amines comprising an aromatic ring comprising an amine substituent .
  • the present application also provides an unleaded fuel composition comprising: from about 40 vol.% to about 50 vol.% alkylate; from about 30 vol.% to about 40 vol.% toluene; from about 10 vol.% to about 20 vol.% m-xylene; and, from 2 vol.% to about 12 vol.% aniline.
  • the present application also provides an unleaded fuel composition comprising: about 44 vol.% alkylate comprising about 70 vol.% or more isoparaffins having a total of 8 carbon atoms; about 34 vol.% toluene; about 15 vol.% m- xylene; and, about 7 vol.% aniline.
  • the present application provides unleaded fuel compositions having an octane rating which is higher than typically demonstrated by similar unleaded fuels . Without limiting the invention to a particular theory of operation, the unleaded fuels of the present application comprise aromatic amine, which is believed to contribute to a higher octane rating.
  • the unleaded fuel compositions it is advantageous for the unleaded fuel compositions to have an octane rating sufficiently high to prevent knocking. In high performance applications, it is advantageous for unleaded fuel compositions to have an octane rating sufficiently high to boost power output from the high performance engine. In one embodiment, the application provides an unleaded racing fuel having an octane rating sufficiently high to boost the power output from a racing engine .
  • the octane rating of a fuel composition generally is calculated as the sum of the Research Octane Number (RON) and the Motor Octane Number (MON) divided by 2, i.e., (R+M)/2. Unless otherwise indicated, the Research Octane Number (RON) is determined according to method ASTM D-2699-04a (2004) and the Motor Octane Number (MON) is determined according to method ASTM D-2700-04a (2004), both incorporated by reference .
  • the unleaded fuel composition of the present application has an octane rating of about 105 or more. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition has an octane rating of greater than 105.
  • the unleaded fuel composition of the present application has an octane rating of about 106 or more. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition has an octane rating of about 110 or more . In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises: a combination of alkylated benzenes; one or more aromatic amines; and, an isoparaffin composition selected from the group consisting of alkylate, a combination of isoparaffins having a total number of carbon atoms of 11 or less, and combinations thereof.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises: an isoparaffin composition comprising alkylate; a combination of alkylated benzenes; and, one or more aromatic amine.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of being relatively less costly due to the use of isoparaffin composition comprising alkylate .
  • the unleaded fuel composition optionally comprises one or more oxygenate octane booster.
  • the unleaded fuel composition also optionally comprises one or more additional additives .
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises a combination of alkylated benzenes. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 20 vol.% or more of a combination of alkylated benzenes. Where used herein, the term "vol.%" is based on the total volume of the unleaded fuel composition, unless otherwise indicated. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 25 vol.% or more alkylated benzenes. In yet another embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 40 vol.% or more alkylated benzenes .
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 60 vol.% or less alkylated benzenes. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 55 vol.% or less alkylated benzenes. In yet another embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 50 vol.% or less alkylated benzenes.
  • Suitable alkylated benzenes have the following general structure:
  • R 2 wherein R, R 1 , and R 2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of R, R 1 , and R 2 is an alkyl group.
  • R, R 1 , and R 2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
  • R, R 1 , and R 2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl groups.
  • the alkylated benzene is mono- alkylated benzene. In another embodiment, the alkylated benzene is a di-alkylated benzene.
  • the alkylated benzene is a tri-alkylated benzene .
  • one or more of R, R 1 , and R 2 are methyl groups.
  • the alkylated benzenes are a combination of mono-alkylated benzene, di-alkylated benzene, and tri-alkylated benzene.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises a combination of monomethyl benzene and dimethyl benzene.
  • the combination further comprises trimethyl benzene.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises a combination of xylene and toluene.
  • the unleaded fuel composition further comprises 1,3,5- trimethylbenzene .
  • the aromatic amine is 1,3,5- trimethylbenzene .
  • the unleaded fuel composition also comprises one or more aromatic amine.
  • the unleaded fuel composition For lower performance applications, it is possible for the unleaded fuel composition to comprise about 0.1 vol . % or more of one or more aromatic amine. This is particularly true where the isoparaffin comprises the less expensive alkylate.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 0.5 vol.% or more of the aromatic amine. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 1 vol.% or more of the aromatic amine. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 2 vol.% or more of the aromatic amine.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises 5 vol.% or more of the aromatic amine. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises greater 5 vol.% of the aromatic amine. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 6 vol.% or more of the aromatic amine. In another embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 7 vol.% or more of the aromatic amine. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 15 vol.% or less of the aromatic amine. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises from about 10 vol.% or less of the aromatic amine. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises 8 vol.% or less of the aromatic amine. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition contains about 7 vol.% of the aromatic amine .
  • aromatic amine refers to one or more aromatic amines having the following general structure:
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups having from about 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • R 3 is hydrogen.
  • the alkyl groups have from about 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl groups are methyl groups.
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogens.
  • the aromatic amine has one or more alkyl substituents on the aromatic ring.
  • the alkyl group may be at any position relative to the nitrogen containing substituent.
  • the alkyl group is at a meta- position relative to the nitrogen containing substituent.
  • the alkyl group is at a para- position relative to the nitrogen containing substituent .
  • the nitrogen bears an alkyl group.
  • the octane rating of the unleaded fuel may not be as high.
  • Aromatic amines used in the examples have the following general structure: H,
  • the unleaded fuel composition also comprises an isoparaffin composition.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 40 vol.% or more of the isoparaffin composition. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 45 vol.% or more of the isoparaffin composition. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 50 vol.% or more of the isoparaffin composition.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 80 vol.% or less of the isoparaffin composition. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises from about 70 vol.% or less of the isoparaffin composition. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 60 vol.% or less of the isoparaffin composition.
  • Suitable isoparaffin compositions comprise alkylate, a combination of isoparaffins, and combinations thereof.
  • the isoparaffin composition comprises alkylate.
  • alkylate typically refers to branched- chain paraffin.
  • the branched-chain paraffin typically is derived from the reaction of isoparaffin with olefin. Alkylation is described, for example, in J. Gary, et al . Petroleum Refining, Technology and Economics (2d Ed. 1984) Chapter 10, pp. 159-183, and in Kirk Othmer. Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4 th Ed. 1999) Vol. 1, p. 75-76. Both of the foregoing references are incorporated herein by reference.
  • alkylate refers to hydrocarbon compositions used for fuel applications (a) having at least 55 normalized vol.% C5 - ClO iso- paraffins measured pursuant to ASTM test method D-6730-01 (2001), or having at least 55 vol.% C5-C10 iso-paraffins measured pursuant to ASTM test method D-6733-01 (2001) .
  • ASTM test methods are incorporated herein by reference .
  • the alkylate is a refinery grade alkylate formed by the reaction of a C3-C5 stream with isobutene.
  • the alkylate advantageously comprises about 70 vol.% or more isoparaffins having a total of 8 carbon atoms.
  • the alkylate advantageously comprises greater than 70 vol.% isoparaffins having a total of 8 carbon atoms.
  • the alkylate advantageously comprises about 73 vol.% or more isoparaffins having a total of 8 carbon atoms .
  • the alkylate comprises about 90 vol.% or less isoparaffins having a total of 8 carbon atoms .
  • the alkylate comprises about 85 vol.% or less isoparaffins.
  • the alkylate comprises less than 5 vol.% isoparaffins having a total of 6-7 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable alkylate typically has a RON of, for example, from about 90 to about 95.
  • Suitable alkylate typically has a MON of, for example, from about 88 to about 95.
  • Suitable alkylate typically has an octane rating of, for example, from about 90 to about 95.
  • Suitable alkylates can be obtained from a variety of sources, including Solvents & Chemicals, Pearland, Texas; Equistar Chemicals; and, Texas Petrochemicals. -Combination of isoparaffins
  • the isoparaffin composition comprises a combination of isoparaffins.
  • Suitable isoparaffins have the following general structure:
  • R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups having from about 1 to about 7 carbon atoms, provided that the total number of carbon atoms is 11 or less. In one embodiment, R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl groups.
  • the unleaded fuel comprises a combination of iso-pentane and iso-octane. In another advantageous embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises primarily trimethyl pentane. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises primarily 2,2,4- trimethyl pentane.
  • the isoparaffins are commercially available from a variety of sources and/or may be made by known processes. Examples of suitable preparations are described in F. L. Howard, et al . J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Research Paper RP1779, Vol. 38 (March 1947) pp. 365-395, incorporated herein by reference. The isoparaffins made by the above processes may be used as a blend or purified further.
  • the isoparaffins may be obtained by fractional distillation of refinery streams, e.g., straight run gasolines, or alkylation products.
  • Other known methods of making the isoparaffins include, for example, reaction of alkyl metallic compounds (Grignard reagents) with carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, esters, or anhydrides, to form branched chain carbinols, which are dehydrated to the corresponding olefin and thereafter hydrogenated to the alkane .
  • alkyl metallic compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, esters, or anhydrides
  • the unleaded fuel composition optionally comprises oxygenate octane booster.
  • the oxygenate octane booster may be any liquid organic molecule containing one or more alkyl group and one or more oxygen atom. Suitable oxygenate octane boosters include, for example, ethers and alcohols.
  • the oxygenate octane booster is one or more alkyl ether.
  • the alkyl ether comprises an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the alkyl group has from 3 to 6 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the alkyl group is a branched chain alkyl group having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms . In an advantageous embodiment, the alkyl group is a tertiary alkyl group having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms . Suitable tertiary alkyl groups include, for example, tert-butyl groups and tert-amyl groups. In one embodiment, the alkyl ether is dialkyl ether.
  • the alkyl ether is asymmetric dialkyl ether.
  • the dialkyl ether comprises a tertiary alkyl group and a second alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the dialkyl ether comprises a first tertiary alkyl group and second alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • the second alkyl group is a linear alkyl group.
  • the second alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of a methyl group and an ethyl group.
  • Suitable alkyl ethers include methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether, and methyl tertiary amyl ether.
  • the use of an oxygenate octane booster in the unleaded fuel composition is optional.
  • the unleaded fuel composition may comprise, for example, 25 vol.% or less oxygenate octane booster. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 20 vol.% or less oxygenate octane booster. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 16 vol.% or less oxygenate octane booster. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 8 vol.% or more oxygenate octane booster. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 10 vol.% or more oxygenate octane booster. In another embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 12 vol.% or more oxygenate octane booster.
  • Suitable oxygenate octane boosters are made using known processes and are available commercially from a variety of sources .
  • Other components are made using known processes and are available commercially from a variety of sources .
  • the unleaded fuel composition optionally may comprise a variety of other components as long as they are suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition engine and they do not have a significant impact on octane number.
  • a component does not have a significant impact on octane number if, in the concentration (s) employed, the octane number is not raised or lowered by more than about 1.0 unit, as calculated by ASTM D-2699-04a (2004), incorporated herein by reference.
  • Suitable components include, for example, motor gasoline additives as listed in ASTM D-4814-04, incorporated herein by reference, or as specified by a regulatory body, e.g., U.S. California Air Resources Board (CARB) or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) .
  • CARB U.S. California Air Resources Board
  • EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Examples of other components suitable for use in the unleaded fuel composition include other paraffins, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, and/or esters.
  • Refinery streams that may be used in the unleaded fuel include, for example, distillation products and reaction products from a refinery such as catalytic reformate, heavy catalytic cracked spirit, light catalytic cracked spirit, straight run gasoline, isomerate, light reformate, light hydrocrackate, and naphtha.
  • Other gasoline components include olefins (in particular with one double bond per molecule) .
  • Examples include liquid alkene having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the liquid alkene has from 6 to 8 carbon atoms. The liquid alkene may be linear or branched.
  • suitable liquid alkenes include pentene, isopentene, hexene, isohexene, heptene, and mixtures thereof.
  • paraffins examples include, for example, straight-chain paraffins and cyclic paraffins .
  • Straight chain paraffins are sometimes also referred to as normal paraffins .
  • the fuel also may contain lead replacement additives and/or other common additives which have no significant impact on octane value, for example, dyes, deicing agents, agents for preventing exhaust valve seat wear, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, anti-static additives, detergents and the like .
  • lead replacement additives and/or other common additives which have no significant impact on octane value, for example, dyes, deicing agents, agents for preventing exhaust valve seat wear, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, anti-static additives, detergents and the like .
  • the unleaded fuel composition may not comprise any additive.
  • the unleaded fuel composition also may comprise one or more additives.
  • the unleaded fuel composition typically comprises about 1000 ppm or less total amount of additives.
  • each additive typically is present in an amount of about 0.1 ppm or more.
  • each additive is present in an amount of about 0.5 ppm or more.
  • each additive is present in an amount of about 1 ppm or more.
  • each additive is present in an amount of 100 ppm or less.
  • each additive is present in an amount of 50 ppm or less.
  • each additive is present in an amount of 20 ppm or less.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises lead replacement additive. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises antioxidant. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises detergent additive. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises a combination of lead replacement additive, antioxidant, and detergent additive.
  • the unleaded fuel composition typically comprises, for example, about 20 nag/kg or more lead replacement additive. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises from about 25 mg/kg or more lead replacement additive. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 30 mg/kg or more lead replacement additive. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 60 mg/kg or less lead replacement additive. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 55 mg/kg or less lead replacement additive. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 50 mg/kg or less lead replacement additive.
  • the unleaded fuel composition typically comprises, for example, about 10 mg/kg or more antioxidant. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 15 mg/kg or more antioxidant. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 20 mg/kg or more antioxidant. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 50 mg/kg or less antioxidant. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 45 mg/kg or less antioxidant. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 40 mg/kg or less antioxidant . Where used, the unleaded fuel composition typically comprises, for example, about 0.05 g/gallon or more detergent additive. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 0.08 g/gallon or more detergent additive.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 0.1 g/gallon or more detergent additive. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 4 g/gallon or less detergent additive. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 3.5 g/gallon or less detergent additive. In one embodiment, the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 3 g/gallon or less detergent additive .
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises: about 40 mg/kg lead replacement additive; about 30 mg/kg antioxidant; and, from about 1 to about 2 g/gallon detergent additive.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises: a combination of alkylated benzenes; greater than 5 vol.% of one or more aromatic amines; and, an isoparaffin composition selected from the group consisting of alkylate, a combination of isoparaffins having a total number of carbon atoms of 11 or less, and combinations thereof.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises: from about 20 vol.% to about 60 vol.% of the combination of alkylated benzenes; from greater than 5 vol.% to about 15 vol.% of the one or more aromatic amine; and, from about 40 vol.% to about 80 vol.% of the isoparaffin composition.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises greater than 5 vol.% of the aromatic amine.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 7 vol . % or more of the aromatic amine.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 10 vol.% or less of the aromatic amine.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 7 vol.% or less of the aromatic amine.
  • the unleaded fuel composition contains about 7 vol.% of the aromatic amine.
  • the unleaded fuel composition further comprises one or more oxygenate octane booster.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises: alkylate; a combination of alkylated benzenes; and, one or more aromatic amines .
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises: from about 40 vol.% to about 50 vol.% alkylate; from about 30 vol.% to about 40 vol.% toluene; from about 10 vol.% to about 20 vol.% m-xylene; and, from about 2 vol.% to about 12 vol.% aniline.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises about 5 vol% or more aniline.
  • the unleaded fuel composition comprises additional additives .
  • the unleaded fuel composition a combination of lead replacement additive, antioxidant, and detergent additive.
  • the unleaded fuel composition also optionally may comprise one or more oxygenate octane booster.
  • Jessup relates to fuels for high performance engines and for racing engines in particular.
  • Jessup describes fuel compositions having octane ratings of "at least about 100 . . . comprised of toluene and alkylate and at least two further components selected from the group consisting of [isopentane] , n-butane and methyl tertiary butyl ether.”
  • Jessup Tables 4 and 7 show ingredients and concentration ranges which meet minimum octane rating requirements of about 100. The highest “Actual Octane Value" that Jessup appears to achieve using the blends is 101.
  • Bazzani U. S.Patent Application 2003/0183554 to R. Bazzani, et al .
  • the composition may comprise at least one aromatic compound, for example having 6-9 carbons, preferably an alkyl aromatic compound such as toluene or o, m, or p xylene or a mixture thereof or a trimethyl benzene.
  • Aromatic amines may be used "in an amount of less than 5% by volume for mogas or avgas, and are preferably substantially absent . . . e.g., less than 100 ppm.” Bazzani, paragraph [0051] .
  • Bazzani states with respect to the compositions of Bazzani' s "part (a)" that the ROAD value (or octane rating) "is usually 85-115 e.g. 98-115 or preferably 85-98 such as 85-95 e.g. 85-90, or 90-95 or 95-98.
  • the ROAD value or octane rating
  • Preferred gasoline compositions have . . .ROAD 85-90 ...ROAD 85-95 or . . . ROAD 90-95.” Bazzani paragraph [0056].
  • Bazzani states with respect to the compositions in "part (b)" that "the ROAD value is usually 85-107 e.g. 98-106 or preferably 85-98 such as 85-95 e.g. 85-90, or 90-95 or 95-98.
  • Preferred gasoline compositions have . . . ROAD 85-90, or . . . ROAD 85-95 or . . .ROAD 91-96.”
  • Bazzani paragraph [0238]. Although Bazzani states that the compositions of "part (fc>)" can reach a ROAD value over 105, Bazzani does not state that the compositions tested in the relevant Examples either (a) contained 5 vol .
  • Bazzani states with respect to the compositions in -"part (c)" that "the ROAD value is usually 85-110 or 85-107 e.g. 98-106 or 102-108 or 85-95.
  • Preferred gasoline compositions have . . . ROAD 89-96 but especially ROAD 98-106.”
  • Bazzani, paragraph [0342] A ROAD value of 105 is reported for two of the compositions in the Examples relevant to part (c) (Table 23) ; however, Bazzani does not state that the compositions tested in the relevant Examples either: (a) contained 5 vol . % or more aromatic amine; (b) had a ROAD value of greater than 105; and/or, (c) comprised isoparaffin composition comprising alkylate.
  • Blend 5 the relatively expensive iso-octane and isopentane were replaced with relatively inexpensive alkylate . This embodiment has the advantage of rendering the unleaded fuel composition list costly to produce.
  • Example 1 Example 1
  • a first blend had the following general formula:
  • Example 3 The RON was 116.67, the MON was 106.33, and the octane number was 111.5. The foregoing results demonstrate that the formulas of Example 1 and Example 2 are effective to produce an octane number of 110 or more.
  • Example 3
  • a second blend had the following general formula.
  • Component Vol. % Component Vol. %
  • the RON was 116.33, the MON was 105.33, and the octane number was 110.8.
  • N-methylaniline 7% The RON was 115.0, the MON was 96.93, and the octane number was 106.0.
  • This example illustrates that the use of N- methylaniline as the aromatic amine did not produce an octane number of 110 or more, but did produce an octane number of 106.
  • an oxygenate octane booster such as alkyl ether, is expected to increase the octane number .
  • Example 7 A third blend had the following general formula.
  • the RON was 117.67
  • the MON was 104.67
  • the octane number was 111.67.
  • a fourth blend had the following general formula.
  • the alkylate had the composition given in the following Table.
  • the numbers in the Table represent the normalized volume %, based on the total volume of the composition, pursuant to ASTM test method D 6730-01, "Standard Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100-Metre Capillary (with Precolumn) High- Resolution Gas Chromatography, " incorporated herein by reference :
  • a fifth blend had the following general formula.
  • the alkylate had the composition given in the following Table.
  • the numbers in the Table represent volume %, based on the total volume of the composition, pursuant to ASTM test method D 6733-01, "Standard Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 50- Metre Capillary High-Resolution Gas Chromatography, " incorporated herein by reference :
  • the RON was 114, the MON was 105, and the octane number was 110.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition de carburant sans plomb comportant : une combinaison de benzènes alkylés comportant des groupes alkyle ayant de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone ; 5% en volume ou plus d'une ou de plusieurs amines aromatiques ; et une composition isoparaffinique choisie dans le groupe constitué par un alkylate, une combinaison d'isoparaffines ayant un nombre total d'atomes de carbone de 11 ou moins, et leurs combinaisons.
PCT/US2006/061825 2006-12-11 2006-12-11 Compositions de carburant sans plomb WO2008073118A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006351908A AU2006351908B2 (en) 2006-12-11 2006-12-11 Unleaded fuel compositions
PCT/US2006/061825 WO2008073118A1 (fr) 2006-12-11 2006-12-11 Compositions de carburant sans plomb
CA2672211A CA2672211C (fr) 2006-12-11 2006-12-11 Compositions de carburant sans plomb
EP06846540.0A EP2108032B1 (fr) 2006-12-11 2006-12-11 Compositions de carburant sans plomb
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EP2598617A1 (fr) * 2010-07-28 2013-06-05 Chevron U.S.A., Inc. Composition de carburant aviation à indice d'octane élevé
US8628594B1 (en) 2009-12-01 2014-01-14 George W. Braly High octane unleaded aviation fuel
WO2014102150A1 (fr) 2012-12-27 2014-07-03 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Compositions
WO2015023559A1 (fr) * 2013-08-12 2015-02-19 Shell Oil Company Procédés pour modifier les propriétés d'auto-allumage d'une composition d'huile de base ou de lubrifiant
EP2868735A1 (fr) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Carburant aviation sans plomb à indice d'octane élevé
EP2868734A1 (fr) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Carburant aviation sans plomb à indice d'octane élevé
EP2868738A1 (fr) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Carburant aviation sans plomb à indice d'octane élevé
EP2868736A1 (fr) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Carburant aviation sans plomb à indice d'octane élevé
EP2868737A1 (fr) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Carburant aviation sans plomb à indice d'octane élevé
US9315754B2 (en) 2012-12-27 2016-04-19 Shell Oil Company Compositions
US9890095B2 (en) 2013-04-18 2018-02-13 Swift Fuels, Llc Treating C8-C10 aromatic feed streams to prepare and recover trimethylated benzenes
US10260016B2 (en) 2009-12-01 2019-04-16 George W. Braly High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
US10364399B2 (en) 2017-08-28 2019-07-30 General Aviation Modifications, Inc. High octane unleaded aviation fuel
US10377959B2 (en) 2017-08-28 2019-08-13 General Aviation Modifications, Inc. High octane unleaded aviation fuel
US10526554B2 (en) 2017-01-06 2020-01-07 Swift Fuels, Llc Treating C8-C10 aromatic feed streams to prepare and recover trimethylated benzenes
US10550347B2 (en) 2009-12-01 2020-02-04 General Aviation Modifications, Inc. High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
EP4286496A1 (fr) * 2022-06-01 2023-12-06 Haltermann Carless Deutschland GmbH Composition de carburant pour petits moteurs avec teneur spécifique en iso-octane

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US10550347B2 (en) 2009-12-01 2020-02-04 General Aviation Modifications, Inc. High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
US8628594B1 (en) 2009-12-01 2014-01-14 George W. Braly High octane unleaded aviation fuel
US11098259B2 (en) 2009-12-01 2021-08-24 General Aviation Modifications, Inc. High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
US10260016B2 (en) 2009-12-01 2019-04-16 George W. Braly High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
AU2011283181B2 (en) * 2010-07-28 2013-09-19 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. High octane aviation fuel composition
EP2598617A4 (fr) * 2010-07-28 2013-06-05 Chevron Usa Inc Composition de carburant aviation à indice d'octane élevé
EP2598617A1 (fr) * 2010-07-28 2013-06-05 Chevron U.S.A., Inc. Composition de carburant aviation à indice d'octane élevé
WO2014102150A1 (fr) 2012-12-27 2014-07-03 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Compositions
US9315754B2 (en) 2012-12-27 2016-04-19 Shell Oil Company Compositions
US9382490B2 (en) 2012-12-27 2016-07-05 Shell Oil Company Compositions
US10464865B2 (en) 2013-04-18 2019-11-05 Swift Fuels, Llc Treating C8-C10 aromatic feed streams to prepare and recover trimethylated benzenes
US9890095B2 (en) 2013-04-18 2018-02-13 Swift Fuels, Llc Treating C8-C10 aromatic feed streams to prepare and recover trimethylated benzenes
WO2015023559A1 (fr) * 2013-08-12 2015-02-19 Shell Oil Company Procédés pour modifier les propriétés d'auto-allumage d'une composition d'huile de base ou de lubrifiant
EP2868738A1 (fr) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Carburant aviation sans plomb à indice d'octane élevé
RU2659780C2 (ru) * 2013-10-31 2018-07-04 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Высокооктановый неэтилированный авиационный бензин
AU2014206204B2 (en) * 2013-10-31 2015-11-12 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
AU2014206207B2 (en) * 2013-10-31 2015-11-12 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
AU2014206195B2 (en) * 2013-10-31 2015-10-15 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
US9127225B2 (en) 2013-10-31 2015-09-08 Shell Oil Company High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
US9388359B2 (en) 2013-10-31 2016-07-12 Shell Oil Company High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
US9388356B2 (en) 2013-10-31 2016-07-12 Shell Oil Company High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
US9120991B2 (en) 2013-10-31 2015-09-01 Shell Oil Company High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
AU2014206193B2 (en) * 2013-10-31 2015-10-22 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
US9035114B1 (en) 2013-10-31 2015-05-19 Shell Oil Company High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
EP2868735A1 (fr) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Carburant aviation sans plomb à indice d'octane élevé
EP2868734A1 (fr) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Carburant aviation sans plomb à indice d'octane élevé
EP2868737A1 (fr) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Carburant aviation sans plomb à indice d'octane élevé
EP2868736A1 (fr) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Carburant aviation sans plomb à indice d'octane élevé
US10526554B2 (en) 2017-01-06 2020-01-07 Swift Fuels, Llc Treating C8-C10 aromatic feed streams to prepare and recover trimethylated benzenes
US10377959B2 (en) 2017-08-28 2019-08-13 General Aviation Modifications, Inc. High octane unleaded aviation fuel
US10364399B2 (en) 2017-08-28 2019-07-30 General Aviation Modifications, Inc. High octane unleaded aviation fuel
EP4286496A1 (fr) * 2022-06-01 2023-12-06 Haltermann Carless Deutschland GmbH Composition de carburant pour petits moteurs avec teneur spécifique en iso-octane
WO2023232949A1 (fr) * 2022-06-01 2023-12-07 Haltermann Carless Deutschland Gmbh Composition de carburant, en particulier composition de carburant de petit moteur à teneur spécifique en iso-octane

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AU2006351908A1 (en) 2008-06-19
CA2672211A1 (fr) 2008-06-19
EP2537913A1 (fr) 2012-12-26
CA2672211C (fr) 2014-06-10
EP2108032B1 (fr) 2018-09-12
EP2108032A1 (fr) 2009-10-14
AU2006351908B2 (en) 2011-03-10

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