Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
  • A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
  • A01G24/48—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure containing foam or presenting a foam structure
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
  • A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
  • A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
  • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
  • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
  • A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
  • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
  • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
  • A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
  • A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers

Definitions

• Plant substrate based on open-cell melamine-formaldehyde foam Plant substrate based on open-cell melamine-formaldehyde foam
• the invention relates to a synthetic plant substrate, as well as its use for the cultivation of plants.
• a soil conditioner which contains peat and an open-celled melamine / formaldehyde foam in flake form, wherein planting, floral or gravel soil can be added.
• the soil conditioner is free-flowing and is introduced into the soil.
• Plants that are in flowerpots or plant containers must be watered more frequently than those that are directly in the ground (for example in flowerbeds) because the amount of soil in the pot is limited. Turf plants and certain other garden plants are also susceptible to dryness and must be watered frequently. The water storage capacity of said soil conditioner is not always satisfactory in these applications.
• German Utility Model DE 20 2005 018 041 U1 therefore proposes water-retaining webs made of an open-celled melamine-formaldehyde foam in contact with plant soil or soil.
• the substrate should allow permeation of oxygen into the root area even with a large amount of absorbed water
• Water absorption and delivery should take place at low volume changes of the substrate, the substrate should simply be able to be introduced into the vessel to be planted and optimally utilize the volume to be planted,
• the plants should be easily planted in the substrate and planted out, - The roots of the plant should find sufficient mechanical support in the substrate,
• the substrate should be sterilizable and can be used repeatedly.
• the invention therefore relates to a plant substrate consisting of
• the substrate according to the invention can be stored and transported completely anhydrous, without assuming hydrophobic properties, such as e.g. Peat-based substrates.
• the inventive use an excellent air flow is achieved and greatly simplifies irrigation.
• the invention further relates to the use of a mixture consisting of
• subject of the invention is a method for cultivating plants, wherein the plants in a substrate consisting of
• the plant substrate is substantially free of peat.
• foam all open-cell foams made of melamine-formaldehyde condensation resins are suitable. Particularly preferred are elastic foams based on melamine resins, as described in EP 0 017 672 A1. It is expressly made to this document. Such foams are available, for example, as Basotect® from BASF Aktiengesellschaft.
• An open-cell foam in the sense of the invention is understood as meaning a foam in which the polymer forms a branched structure of individual webs and the individual bubbles which have formed during foaming are connected to one another.
• a closed-cell foam is a foam in which individual bubbles are completely enclosed by polymer material and thus the individual foam bubbles are separated by polymer membranes even in finished foamed and cured plastic.
• An open-cell foam which is suitable for producing blocks or webs of foam parts according to the method of the invention preferably has a pore volume of at least 0.95 m 3 / m 3 , preferably of at least 0.98 m 3 / m 3 and in particular of at least 0.985 m 3 / m 3 .
• the term pore volume is understood to mean the ratio of the volume of the pores with respect to the volume of the foam. As the pore volume increases, the length of the webs in the open cell foam increases. At the same time, the diameter of the webs decreases.
• the bulk density of such a foam is for example 4 to 100, preferably 6 to 60, in particular 8 to 40 and particularly preferably 8 to 20 g / l according to DIN 53420.
• a highly concentrated propellant-containing solution or dispersion of a melamine-formaldehyde precondensate can be foamed and cured with hot air, water vapor or by microwave irradiation.
• the molar ratio of melamine / formaldehyde is generally in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 5.
• the molar ratio in the range of 1: 1, 3 to 1: 1, 8 is selected and a sulfite group-free precondensate used such , B described in WO 01/94436.
• elastic foams based on a melamine-formaldehyde condensation product which comprises at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, of melamine and formaldehyde units condensed, up to 50, preferably up to 20% by weight.
• % Other amino, amide, hydroxyl or carboxyl groups containing Duroplast brieflyner one hand, and aldehydes on the other may contain condensed, and are characterized by the following properties:
• the density in accordance with DIN 53420 is between 4 and 80, preferably between 6 and 60 and in particular between 8 and 40 [gl "1], b) the thermal conductivity according to DIN 52 612 is less than 0.06, preferably less than 0 , 05 and in particular smaller than 0.04 [W m "1 - 0, K”1]; c) the compressive strength according to DIN 53 577 at 60% compression, divided by the bulk density is below 0.3, preferably below 0.2 [N-cm "2 / gl " 1 ], whereby when the compressive strength is determined at 60% compression, the mass is recovered
• Foam must be made at least 70%, preferably at least 80% and in particular at least 90% of its original size; d) the modulus of elasticity based on DIN 50 423 divided by the bulk density is less than 0.25, preferably less than 0.2 and in particular less than 0.15 [N-mr ⁇ T 2 / gr 1 ]; e) the bending path at break according to DIN 53 423 is greater than 6, preferably greater than 9 and in particular greater than 12 [mm]; f) they are at least normally flammable according to DIN 4102, preferably flame-retardant; g) the tensile strength according to DIN 53 571 is preferably at least 0.07, in particular at least 0.1 N-mm "2 .
• the plant substrate according to the invention contains exclusively synthetic plant substrates.
• the plant substrate according to the invention contains mineral soil.
• the plant substrate according to the invention contains no further synthetic plant substrates or mineral soil.
• the foam is used in comminuted form, for example in the form of flakes. Such flakes preferably have an average diameter of 1, 5 to 75 mm, in particular from 4 to 40 mm.
• the foam is used as a block.
• the foam used according to the invention is a waste or recycling material.
• the substrate according to the invention is used in comminuted form, it is possible, for example, to break down into flakes foam parts which are obtained as a waste when cutting shaped parts or in the production of foam blocks or sheets.
• the crushing of the foam parts to flakes can be done for example by tearing the foam parts, by cutting or punching.
• the flakes are generated by rupture of the foam parts, since in this case a large, irregular surface is formed.
• the open-cell foam is soaked in a liquid, for example alcohols, ketones, liquid hydrocarbons or water, prior to cutting or dividing.
• a liquid for example alcohols, ketones, liquid hydrocarbons or water, prior to cutting or dividing.
• water is used.
• the cutting can be done by means of conventional crushing machines, which have rotating blades or crushing parts.
• Suitable crushers are, for example, mills, such as ball mills or Ultraturax, extruders.
• a water or alcohol-soaked piece of foam can be processed in this way particularly simple and dust-free to an aminoplast particle suspension. If desired, the suspension may then be filtered or centrifuged and the resulting powder subsequently dried.
• waste or recycling materials can be used.
• EP-B 0 646 452 a method for the production of foam moldings is known, in which waste parts of open-cell melamine resin Foam with a density of 5 to 100g / l are crushed into flakes. From the flakes is prepared together with a binder, a hardener and water a free-flowing mass. The free-flowing mass is placed in a closed mold and compressed in the mold to a density of 15 to 120 g / l. By curing the binder, the mold is fixed to a molded part.
• the crushing of the foam parts to flakes can be done for example by tearing the foam parts, by cutting or punching.
• the flakes are generated by rupture of the foam parts, since in this case an irregular surface is created, which allows a better connection of the individual flakes during needling.
• each direction in the range from 3 to 250 mm, preferably in the range from 5 to 100 mm and in particular in the range from 10 to 50 mm.
• the mechanical bonding of the floc by needling is preferably done in the same way as needling fibers to a nonwoven fabric.
• the production of a nonwoven by needling is known, for example, from DE-A 198 19 733.
• the stripping of the nonwoven is supported by the needles, that there is a compressed air space on the fleece side of the scraper from which compressed air flows through channels in the scraper on the web and so the web is pressed by the scraper in the direction of the stitch pad.
• artificial substrates for example, synthetic-organic foam resin (eg Hygro ®), closed-cell polystyrene peat or mixtures thereof (eg Hygropor ® 73), superabsorbent (crosslinked polyacrylates or cross-linked polyacrylamides (eg Luquasorb ®), anhydrous mineral components such as sand are based on urea , gravel, expanded clay and clay granulate (eg Seramis ®).
• Such further artificial substrates are in a proportion of 0 to 75 wt .-%, preferably 0 to 40% by weight, in particular 0 to 20 wt .-% exists.
• a mineral soil is understood as meaning a soil which contains ⁇ 30% by weight of organic substance, i. Humus and / or biomass. Preference is given to a content of ⁇ 20% by weight, in particular ⁇ 15% by weight.
• the content of mineral soil is 0 to 75 wt .-%, preferably 0 to 40 wt .-%, in particular 0 to 20 wt .-%.
• the substrate according to the invention preferably contains release systems which contain fertilizers and / or pesticides.
• the fertilizers used for the process according to the invention may be both single and multi-nutrient fertilizers.
• all common fertilizer components are conceivable, as nitrogen sources, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, urea, cyanamide, dicyandiamide, sodium nitrate, chile saltpetre or calcium nitrate and long-term fertilizers such as oxamide, urea-formaldehyde, urea-acetaldehyde or Urea-form, acetylenediurea, isobutylidene diurea or crotonylidenediurea can be used.
• compounds containing one or more of the plants can contain phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium or sulfur and compounds containing the trace elements boron, iron, copper, zinc, manganese or molybdenum.
• examples of such compounds are monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, Thomas phosphate, triple superphosphate, dicalcium phosphate, potassium phosphate, partially or fully digested crude phosphates, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, dipotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, kieserite, dolomite, lime, colemanite, boric acid, borax, ferrous sulfate , Copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdate or similar substances.
• the fertilizers may also contain one or more active substances such as, for example, nitrification inhibitors, urea inhibitors, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, growth regulators, hormones, pheromones or other crop protection agents or soil adjuvants in amounts of from 0.01 to 20 wt .-% based on the fertilizer included.
• active substances such as, for example, nitrification inhibitors, urea inhibitors, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, growth regulators, hormones, pheromones or other crop protection agents or soil adjuvants in amounts of from 0.01 to 20 wt .-% based on the fertilizer included.
• complexing agents such as EDTA or EDDHA may also be included.
• complex fertilizers in particular those having a long-term effect, which contain compounds such as urea form, acetylenediurea, isobutylidenediurea or crotonylidenediurea, for example as nitrogen source.
• coated fertilizers in which the fertilizer granules are surrounded by a thin polymer membrane. Enveloped fertilizers are characterized by a delayed release of nutrients and are known to those skilled in the art.
• crop protection agents for example, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators and herbicides, optionally in combination with corresponding safeners in question. Preference is given to systemic active substances which are absorbed by the plants via the roots.
• the release systems cause a delayed release of the active ingredients, so that the plants are optionally supplied with nutrients and / or pesticides over their entire growth period, preferably at least one year, in particular two years.
• Microencapsulated and other slow-release formulations are described, for example, in H. Mollet, A. Grubenmann, Formulation Technology, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2001, Controlled Release Pesticides, ACS Symp. 53, Am. Chem. Soc, Washington D.C. 1977, WO 97/14308, and H.B. Scher, Controlled-release delivery systems for pesticides, Macel Dekker, Inc., New York 1999.
• drug release systems are included, their proportion is generally 0.01 to 20, preferably 0.05 to 10 wt .-%.
• Examples of such systems are container cultures, window boxes.
• the plants can be used as seed, cuttings or even in preferred form.
• the plant substrate is also particularly suitable for all ornamental and container plants (shrubs, perennials) and fruit and vegetables.
• the plant substrate is also particularly suitable for use in greenhouses, in outdoor containers, window boxes, planters, flower tubs, as plantable or sowing seed bags and for seedling as a rooting medium.
• the plant substrate of the invention may also be used as a soil conditioner, i. used as an additive to soils or other substrates.
• MFS melamine formaldehyde foam (Basotect®, BASF)
• SAP superabsorbent + satisfactory, ++ good, +++ very good
• Example 4 Under conditions of daily overflow (overstuff) with daily nutrient additions of 100 ml, as in Example 4 and Comparative Example 2, the superiority of MFS flakes as a substrate over commercial potting soil was demonstrated. As a result of the wetness of the commercially available peat-based substrate, the Chinese cabbage plants grow strongly and reached only one third of the fresh mass of the shoot of the plants, which were cultured in MFS flakes with an average diameter of about 20 mm (Example 4).
• Figure 1 shows plants cultured according to Examples 2 (b) and 4 (d) and Comparative Examples 1 (a) and 2 (c).

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Soil Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
• Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
• Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (3)

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Citations (11)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 2007
  • 2007-12-05 KR KR1020097011616A patent/KR20090084922A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-12-05 JP JP2009539744A patent/JP2010511396A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-12-05 AT AT07847838T patent/ATE540574T1/de active
  • 2007-12-05 EP EP07847838A patent/EP2099287B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2007-12-05 US US12/517,703 patent/US20100050514A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-12-05 CN CNA2007800453175A patent/CN101553110A/zh active Pending
  • 2007-12-05 BR BRPI0719422-6A patent/BRPI0719422A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-12-05 WO PCT/EP2007/063345 patent/WO2008068278A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2007-12-05 PL PL07847838T patent/PL2099287T3/pl unknown

Patent Citations (11)

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