WO2008067488A9 - Régénération d'une dent fonctionnelle médiée par des cellules souches mésenchymateuses - Google Patents

Régénération d'une dent fonctionnelle médiée par des cellules souches mésenchymateuses

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Publication number
WO2008067488A9
WO2008067488A9 PCT/US2007/085971 US2007085971W WO2008067488A9 WO 2008067488 A9 WO2008067488 A9 WO 2008067488A9 US 2007085971 W US2007085971 W US 2007085971W WO 2008067488 A9 WO2008067488 A9 WO 2008067488A9
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
scap
root
tooth
carrier
stem cells
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2007/085971
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008067488A2 (fr
WO2008067488A3 (fr
Inventor
Songtao Shi
Wataru Sonoyama
Takayoshi Yamaza
Songlin Wang
Original Assignee
Univ Southern California
Songtao Shi
Wataru Sonoyama
Takayoshi Yamaza
Songlin Wang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Univ Southern California, Songtao Shi, Wataru Sonoyama, Takayoshi Yamaza, Songlin Wang filed Critical Univ Southern California
Priority to US12/514,051 priority Critical patent/US10232080B2/en
Publication of WO2008067488A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008067488A2/fr
Publication of WO2008067488A9 publication Critical patent/WO2008067488A9/fr
Publication of WO2008067488A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008067488A3/fr
Priority to US16/266,867 priority patent/US20190167846A1/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/28Materials for coating prostheses
    • A61L27/34Macromolecular materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/12Phosphorus-containing materials, e.g. apatite
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/36Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
    • A61L27/38Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
    • A61L27/3804Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells characterised by specific cells or progenitors thereof, e.g. fibroblasts, connective tissue cells, kidney cells
    • A61L27/3834Cells able to produce different cell types, e.g. hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, marrow stromal cells, embryonic stem cells
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/36Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
    • A61L27/38Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
    • A61L27/3839Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells characterised by the site of application in the body
    • A61L27/3843Connective tissue
    • A61L27/3865Dental/periodontal tissues
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/36Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
    • A61L27/38Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
    • A61L27/3886Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells comprising two or more cell types
    • A61L27/3891Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells comprising two or more cell types as distinct cell layers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0003Not used, see subgroups
    • A61C8/0004Consolidating natural teeth
    • A61C8/0006Periodontal tissue or bone regeneration
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0018Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
    • A61C8/0037Details of the shape
    • A61C8/0043Details of the shape having more than one root

Definitions

  • the present invention in general, relates to tissue re-generation.
  • the present invention relates to a new population of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the root apical papilla of human teeth and methods for utilizing the stem cells in the regeneration of tooth,
  • the most important part of the tooth is the root which is required to support a (natural or artificial) crown; the crown alone cannot fulfill normal tooth function without a viable root.
  • the spatially and temporally organized microenvironment of the tooth bud and its surrounding tissues permits growth and development of the crown and roots, resulting in formation and eruption of the tooth (10).
  • Root development involves dentin formation, cementum generation, instruction of epithelium, and tooth eruption.
  • the re-generation of a whole tooth is highly complicated and technically challenging.
  • the lesser challenging goal of replacing a damaged crown with a synthetic crown has been widely applied in dental clinics with excellent therapeutic outcomes (11).
  • stem cell-mediated root regeneration offers opportunities to regenerate a bio-root and its associated periodontal tissues, which are necessary for maintaining the physiological function of teeth.
  • the inventors of the present invention have unexpectedly discovered and successfully isolated a novel population of mesenchymal stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) that is capable of differentiating into odontoblastic/osteoblastic cells. Based on this discovery the inventors have developed tooth repair methods of the present invention.
  • SCAP apical papilla
  • the present invention provides a novel population of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human root apical papilla tissue, wherein the stem cells are capable of differentiating into odontoblastic/osteoblastic cells.
  • the present invention provides a method for reconstructing a functional tooth in a subject, in which a bio-root periodontal complex is built up by postnatal stem cells including SCAP and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), to which an artificial porcelain crown can then be affixed.
  • a bio-root periodontal complex is built up by postnatal stem cells including SCAP and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), to which an artificial porcelain crown can then be affixed.
  • PDLSCs periodontal ligament stem cells
  • the hybrid strategy of this aspect of the present invention has at least the following advantages.
  • the present invention side-steps the challenging task of re-generating a whole tooth structure, and effectively enables recovery of tooth strength, function, and appearance in subjects who lack adequate bone structures.
  • Autologous dental stem cell engineering may also be applied to tooth regeneration in species having closely related dental tissues such as human, murine, swine, and simian.
  • Figure 1 shows the isolation of Stem Cells from Root Apical Papilla.
  • Human apical papilla tissue was positive for STRO-I, an early mesenchymal progenitor marker, staining by immunofluorescence (arrows).
  • B Single colonies were formed after human SCAP were plated at a low density (5 x 10 3 /T25 flask) and cultured for 10 days.
  • C When human SCAP were cultured in odontogenic/osteogenic inductive conditions containing L-ascorbate-2-phosphate, dexamethasone, and inorganic phosphate for 4 weeks, mineralized nodules were found by Alizarin red S staining.
  • E Eight weeks after transplantation in immunocompromised mice, human SCAP differentiated into odontoblasts (arrows) that formed dentin (D) on the surfaces of a hydroxyapatite tricalcium (HA) carrier.
  • FIG. 1 shows the characterization of human SCAP in comparison with DPSCs.
  • Figure 3 shows data that characterize the surface molecules of human SCAP
  • FIG 4 illustrates the combined human SCAP/PDLSC-mediated tissue regeneration.
  • A On the outside of the HA/TCP carrier (HA), PDLSCs can form structures resembling Sharpey's fibers (arrows) connecting with newly formed cementum (C) on the surface of HA/TCP particles (HA).
  • B Immunohistochemical staining showed that SCAP/PDLSC-generated tissues were positive for human specific mitochondria antibody staining (arrows).
  • Figure 5 shows swine SCAP/PDLSC-mediated root/periodontal structure as an artificial crown support for the restoration of tooth function in swine.
  • A Extracted minipig lower incisor and root-shaped HA/TCP carrier loaded with SCAP.
  • B Gelfoam containing 10 x 106 PDLSCs (open arrow) was used to cover the HA/SCAP (black arrow) and implanted into the lower incisor socket (open triangle).
  • C HA/SCAP- Gelfoam/PDLSCs were implanted into a newly extracted incisor socket. A post channel was pre-created inside the root shape HA carrier (arrow).
  • the present invention is based on the unexpected discovery of a novel population of mesenchymal stem cell isolated from the root apical papilla of human teeth.
  • the inventors of the present invention have successfully isolated and cultured this novel mesenchymal stem cell and developed methods for repairing damaged tooth by utilizing the mesenchymal stem cells of the present invention.
  • methods of the present invention utilizes the unique properties of mesenchymal stem cells in such a way that a bio-root may be grown into the subject's oral skeletal-muscular structure, which will then provide an anchoring point to affix conventional crowns.
  • the present invention provides a method for repairing a damaged tooth in a subject, having the general steps of: (1) providing a root-shaped biocompatible carrier formed in a shape resembling a root of the damaged tooth, loaded with SCAP, and coated with PDLSC, and wherein the carrier has an inner post channel space; (2) extracting the damaged tooth from the subject's oral cavity, wherein upon extraction of the damaged tooth, an extraction socket is formed in its place; (3) cleaning the extraction socket and implanting the root-shaped biocompatible carrier into the socket; (4) allowing sufficient time for the SCAP and PDLSC to form a bio-root incorporating the carrier; and (5) surgically exposing the biocompatible carrier and affixing a pre-fabricated crown resembling the damaged tooth onto the bio-root.
  • suitable biocompatible carrier may be made of any biocompatible material having physical properties such as strength, hardness, etc. that are suitable for use as a dental root.
  • exemplary biocompatible materials may include hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, or any other suitable biocompatible material commonly known in the art.
  • bio-root Once the bio-root is formed and become strong, it may be treated as a natural root. Conventional dental treatments such as crowning may then be used. Suitable crowns may be porcelain crowns, metal crowns, or any other types of crowns commonly known in the art. [0025] Having generally described the present invention, reference is now made to the following specific examples along with the accompanying figures to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention.
  • Root apical papilla was gently separated from the surface of the root, minced and digested in a solution of 3 mg/ml collagenase type I (Worthington Biochemicals Corp., Freehold, NJ) and 4 mg/ml dispase (Roche Diagnostic/Boehringer Mannheim Corp., Indianapolis, IN) for 30 minutes at 37 0 C.
  • Single cell suspensions of SCAP were obtained by passing through a 70 ⁇ m strainer (Falcon, BD Labware, Franklin Lakes, NJ) 3 seeded at 1 x 10 4 into 10 cm culture dishes (Costar, Cambridge, MA), and cultured with alpha-Modification of Eagle's Medium (GIBCO/Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 15% FBS (Equitech-Bio Inc., Kerrville, TX), 100 ⁇ M L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (WAKO, Tokyo, Japan), 2 mM L-glutamine (Biosource/Invitrogen), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin at 37 0 C in 5% CO 2 .
  • Rabbit antibodies included anti-HSP90 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa
  • R-PE conjugated monoclonal anti-human antibodies include: CD 14, CDl 8, CD24, CD29, CD34, CD35, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD146, CD150, CD166 were purchased from Pharmingen/BD Bioscience (San Jose, CA) and monoclonal anti- human ALP was from Hybridoma Bank (Iowa University, Iowa).
  • telomerase activity in SCAP, DPSCs and BMSSCs was detected by using a quantitative telomerase detection kit (Allied Biotech, Inc., Ijamsville, MD) according to the manufacture's protocol for real time PCR. Briefly, the telomerase in the cell extract from 1 x 10 5 cells of SCAP, DPSCs, or BMSSCs added telomeric repeats (TTAGGG) onto the 3' end of the substrate oligonucleotide and iQ SYBR Green Supermix (BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, CA), and amplified with an iCycler iQ real-time PCR machine (BioRad Laboratories).
  • TTAGGG telomeric repeats
  • the generated PCR products are directly detected by measuring the increase in fluorescence caused by binding of SYBR Green to double-strand DNA and calculated by using an iCycler iQ software (BioRad Laboratories). Some cell extract was heated at 85 0 C for 10 minutes and used for negative control.
  • the real-time PCR condition was as follows; telomerase reaction for 20 minutes at 25 C, PCR initial activation step for 3 minutes at 95°C, 3-step cycling; denaturation for 10 seconds at 95 0 C, annealing for 30 seconds at 6O 0 C, extension for 3 minutes at 72°C, and cycle number 40 cycles.
  • SCAP and DPSCs were cultured at low density to form single cell-derived colonies and then were trypsinized and seeded at a density of 0.5 x 10 4 cells in 100-mm culture dishes at the first passage. Upon reaching confluency, the cells were trypsinized and seeded at the same cell density. The population doubling was calculated at every passage according to the equation: Iog2 (the number of harvested cells / the number of seeded cells). The finite population doublings were determined by cumulative addition of total numbers generated from each passage until the cells ceased dividing (20). The criteria for cell senescence are that cells do not divide for a month in culture and that over 60% of the cells are stained positive for beta-galactosidase (18).
  • STRO-I and ALP staining some of the cells were incubated with 100 ⁇ l of STRO-I supernatant (mouse IgM anti-human STRO-I) (16) or mouse IgGl anti-human bone/liver/kidney ALP (Hybridoma Bank) for 45 minutes on ice. After washing with 5% heat-inactivated FBS in HBSS at 4 ° C, they were reacted with R-PE conjugated goat F(ab')2 anti-mouse IgM ( ⁇ chain specific) (Biosource/Invitrogen) or anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (Southern Biotechnology Associates, Inc., Birmingham, AL) for 30 minutes on ice.
  • STRO-I supernatant mouse IgM anti-human STRO-I
  • mouse IgGl anti-human bone/liver/kidney ALP Hybridoma Bank
  • the cells were treated with 1 ⁇ g of R-PE conjugated mouse IgGl antimouse CD24 (BD Bioscience) for 45 minutes on ice. As negative controls, some of the cells were incubated with 1 ⁇ g of non-immune mouse IgM (Southern Biotechnology Associates, Inc.) or IgGl (BD Bioscience). After washing, all of the cells were then sorted on a FACSCalibur flow cytometer (BD Bioscience) by collecting 10,000 events, and analyzed by means of a Cell Quest software (BD Bioscience).
  • BD Bioscience FACSCalibur flow cytometer
  • Minipigs Six inbred male minipigs (4-8 month-old, weighing 20-40 kg) were obtained from the Institute of Animal Science of the Chinese Agriculture University. At this age, minipig incisors are still developing. Minipigs were kept under conventional conditions with free access to water and regularly supply of soft food. This study was reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committees of Capital University of Medical Sciences and the Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Minipigs were anaesthetized with a combination of ketamine chloride (6 mg/kg) and xylazine (0.6 mg/kg) before the surgery. Minipig SCAP and PDLSCs were isolated and cultured the same as human SCAP and PDLSCs as mentioned above.
  • stem cell progenitors may contribute to root formation
  • human root apical papilla tissue on the exterior of the root foramen area demonstrated positive staining for mesenchymal stem cell surface molecule STRO-I ( Figure IA).
  • the root apical papilla might contain a population of stem/progenitor cells.
  • single-cell suspensions were generated from human root apical papillae collected from extracted third molars of 18- 20 years old adult volunteers ; following collagenase/dispase digestion.
  • SCAP lost the expression of CD24 with an up-regulated expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ( Figure 3B).
  • ALP alkaline phosphatase
  • SCAP showed a significantly higher rate of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake (Figure 2C), and increased number of population doublings (Figure 2D).
  • the SCAP population also demonstrated an elevated tissue regeneration capacity (Figure 2E), higher telomerase activity than that of DPSCs from the same tooth (Figure 2F), and an improved migration capacity in a scratch assay (Figure 2G), when compared to DPSCs from the same tooth.
  • Example 2 Surface molecule characterization of SCAP To characterize SCAP by surface molecules, flow cytometric analysis was used to demonstrate that SCAP at passage 1 expressed many surface markers including STRO- 1, ALP, CD24, CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD146, CD166 and ALP but were negative for CD34, CD45, CD18 and CD150 (Figure 3A).
  • STRO-I and CD146 have been identified as early mesenchymal stem cell markers present on both BMMSCs and DPSCs (8, 16). It was found that CD24 appears to be a specific marker for SCAP, not detectable in other mesenchymal stem cells including DPSCs and BMMSCs (data not shown). In response to osteogenic induction conditions in culture, SCAP begin to down regulate their expression of CD24 while gaining expression of ALP ( Figure 3B).
  • SCAP derived from a developing tissue may represent a population of early progenitors that have advantages for use in tissue regeneration.
  • CT examination revealed a HA/SCAP-Gelfoam/PDLSC structure growing inside the socket with mineralized rootlike tissue formation and periodontal ligament space.
  • the surface of the implanted HA/SCAP-Gelfoam/PDLSC structure was surgically re-opened at three months post-implantation ; and a pre-fabricated porcelain crown resembling a minipig incisor was inserted and cemented into the pre-formed post channel inside the HA/TCP block (Figure 5F-H). After suture of the surgical opening, the porcelain crown was retained in situ and subjected to the process of tooth function for four weeks (Figure 51, J). CT and histologic analysis confirmed that the root/periodontal structure had regenerated (Figure 5K-M).
  • SCAP represent a novel population of multipotent stem cells as demonstrated by their capacity to develop into odontoblast-like cells and adipocytes in vitro. This cell population was found to express high levels of survivin and telomerase, which are both important molecules in mediating cell proliferation.
  • CD24 marker for undifferentiated SCAP is found to be downregulated following odontogenic differentiation.
  • the inventors also contemplate using allogeneic cells as another resource of stem cells for treating those aged individuals who have already had their wisdom teeth extracted, however the immunogenicity of these cells requires further study.
  • bio-roots show a lower compressive strength than that of natural swine root dentin, they seemed capable of supporting porcelain crown and resulted in normal functions. It may be possible to improve the compressive strength and hardness of the bio-roots by selecting optimal bioengineered materials and by optimizing the implanted stem cell numbers and quality.
  • Stem cell-mediated root regeneration hybridized with clinical crown technology offers a novel approach for functional tooth restoration. It has the advantage of benefiting from the availability of high-quality dental stem cells for autologous transplantation as well as long-term experience with clinical dental implant procedures.
  • the orofacial region is an open system for directly delivering stem cells for tissue engineering.
  • the minipigs example of the present invention offer an excellent translational model as a research tool for the concept of functional tooth regeneration and the feasibility of using autologous stem cells for transplantation.
  • Root or crown a developmental choice orchestrated by the differential regulation of the epithelial stem cell niche in the tooth of two rodent species. Development 130:1049-1057.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé destiné à reconstruire une dent fonctionnelle en utilisant un vecteur chargé d'une pluralité de cellules souches mésenchymateuses comprenant au moins une cellule souche parmi les cellules souches dérivées d'Apical Papilla (SCAP), de cellules souches de ligament parodontal (PDLSC) et de cellules souches de pulpe dentaire (DPSC). Le vecteur chargé de cellules souches mésenchymateuses est implanté dans un site à l'intérieur de la cavité buccale d'un sujet afin de former une bio-racine sur laquelle une couronne peut être fixée. Les cellules souches mésenchymateuses vont développer de nouveaux tissus parodontaux afin de stabiliser la bio-racine. Les procédés selon la présente invention sont particulièrement bénéfiques pour des sujets ne présentant pas une structure osseuse suffisamment bonne pour un traitement par couronne traditionnel.
PCT/US2007/085971 2006-11-29 2007-11-29 Régénération d'une dent fonctionnelle médiée par des cellules souches mésenchymateuses WO2008067488A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/514,051 US10232080B2 (en) 2006-11-29 2007-11-29 Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated function tooth regeneration
US16/266,867 US20190167846A1 (en) 2006-11-29 2019-02-04 Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated functional tooth regeneration

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US86775106P 2006-11-29 2006-11-29
US60/867,751 2006-11-29

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US12/514,051 Continuation US10232080B2 (en) 2006-11-29 2007-11-29 Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated function tooth regeneration

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US12/514,051 Continuation US10232080B2 (en) 2006-11-29 2007-11-29 Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated function tooth regeneration
US12/514,051 A-371-Of-International US10232080B2 (en) 2006-11-29 2007-11-29 Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated function tooth regeneration
US16/266,867 Continuation US20190167846A1 (en) 2006-11-29 2019-02-04 Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated functional tooth regeneration

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US20190167846A1 (en) 2019-06-06

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