WO2008056592A1

WO2008056592A1 - Apparatus and method for dehydration/volume reduction solidification of organic material, and die for organic material molding

Info

Publication number: WO2008056592A1
Application number: PCT/JP2007/071291
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mamoru Koyama
Original assignee: Kom Co., Ltd
Priority date: 2006-11-07
Filing date: 2007-11-01
Publication date: 2008-05-15
Also published as: JPWO2008056592A1

Abstract

This invention provides an apparatus for efficient dehydration/volume reduction solidification of a water-containing organic waste. A heating zone (6) which is heated to a temperature above 100°C is formed at an area which is a part within a pressure vessel (2) and on the terminating end side of operation toward a pressure volume reduction direction (4) in a piston-shaped member (5). A drainage passage (9) is provided in the pressure vessel (2) in its nonheating zone (8). When a waste (3) is heated in a heating zone (6) while operating the piston-shaped member (5), the internal pressure is raised in the heating zone (6). In this case, high-temperature water of a temperature above 100°C and steam are produced while causing a temperature rise in boiling point of the water, resulting in further increased internal pressure of the heating zone (6). This causes high-temperature water and steam flow into the nonheating zone (8), and water present in this place, together with high-temperature water and steam, is discharged, while being heated, through the drainage passage (9). Upon contact with the air, the water is instantly vaporized due to a lowering in boiling point.

Description

Specification

Organic matter dehydration and volume-reduction solidification device and method, and organic material forming die

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for dehydrating and reducing solidification of organic matter and an organic molding die, and in particular, to dehydrating and reducing organic matter applicable to obtaining solid fuel and the like from organic waste. The present invention relates to a solidification apparatus and method, and a die for forming an organic substance that is advantageously used in the dehydration and volume reduction solidification apparatus.

Background art

[0002] Solid fuel called RDF or RPF is usually obtained by dehydrating and reducing the volume of organic waste. Examples of waste that can be used as a raw material for solid fuel include waste plastic, waste wood, garbage, waste paper, paper waste, sewage sludge, and livestock dung. Solid fuels obtained from such wastes, especially industrial wastes, are attracting attention as alternatives to fossil fuels due to the recent rise in crude oil prices.

[0003] Examples of the solid fuel molding method include a flat die method, a ring die method (see, for example, Patent Document 1), a screw method (see, for example, Patent Document 2), and the like.

[0004] In the flat die method, the waste to be treated is placed on a disk-shaped die provided with a molding through hole, the pressure roller is rotated on the die, and the waste is broken by the pressure roller. The solid fuel is compressed and extruded by being pressed into the molding through-hole while being crushed.

[0005] In the ring die method, a pressure roller is rotated on the inner surface of a ring-shaped die provided with a through-hole for molding, and the waste put inside the ring-shaped die is discharged by a pressure roller. Solid fuel is compressed and extruded by being pressed into the molding through-holes while being crushed.

[0006] In the screw method, the waste introduced from the insertion port is compressed while being sent forward by the screw, and the solid fuel is formed through a die forming through-hole provided at the tip of the screw. [0007] Each of the above three methods has advantages and disadvantages, and the common disadvantage is that the size of the waste to be treated needs to be reduced, for example, under 50 mm. Therefore, the crushing process must be performed before the waste to be processed is input. In this crushing, for example, primary crushing, secondary crushing and so on, it may be necessary to carry out multiple stages of crushing! /.

[0008] Also, when trying to process waste containing waste plastic, the flat die method and the ring die method cannot increase the temperature so much during heating for smooth molding. This is because if the temperature is too high, the waste plastic melts, resulting in welding that hinders movement on the die.

[0009] On the other hand, in the screw method, the processing temperature can be increased to about 150 to 200 ° C. When waste containing water is processed, an explosion due to water vapor occurs inside the housing surrounding the screw. It is very difficult to manage. Therefore, the moisture content of the waste to be treated becomes a big problem, and it has a big influence on the characteristics of the obtained solid fuel.

[0010] For the reasons described above, it is necessary to dry waste with a high water content in advance, or to dry it again after molding.

[0011] In addition, according to any of the three conventional methods described above, there is a problem that the density of the obtained solid fuel is relatively low, and it is possible to obtain a solid fuel with a higher density. desired.

[0012] It should be noted that operations such as dehydration and volume reduction and solidification are not limited to organic waste but can be applied to other organic matters.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-285177

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-246212

Disclosure of the invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

[0013] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to increase the treatment temperature safely and to enhance the dehydration effect, in particular, without the necessity of previously crushing the organic matter to be dehydrated and volume-reduced and solidified. An object is to provide an apparatus and method for dehydrating and reducing the volume of solidified organic matter, which can obtain a reduced volume and solidified state with high density. [0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic material forming die that can be advantageously used for forming an organic material in the above-described dehydration and volume reduction solidification device. Means for solving the problem

[0015] An organic matter dehydrating and volume-reducing solidification device according to the present invention is for dehydrating and volume-reducing and solidifying organic matter containing water. In order to solve the above-described technical problems, an organic matter is accommodated. A part of the pressure vessel includes a pressure vessel, a piston-like member that is actuated to depressurize and reduce the organic matter contained in the pressure vessel, and a heating zone that is heated to a temperature exceeding 100 ° C. Heating means for forming the piston-like member at the end of the operation in the direction of pressure reduction of the piston-like member, and a non-heating zone other than the heating zone and / or the piston-like member of the pressure vessel. Is provided with a drainage passage for draining moisture from the pressure vessel.

[0016] Then, in this dehydration / volume reduction solidification device, the organic material is dehydrated to reduce the volume and solidified to obtain a dehydrated volume-reduced solidified product. When the moisture is discharged from the drainage passage, the piston-like member that is glued is operated to pressurize and reduce the organic matter, while the organic matter in the heating zone is heated by the heating means. While the internal pressure rises and the boiling point of the moisture contained in the organic matter rises, high-temperature water and steam exceeding 100 ° C are generated, and the generated high-temperature water and steam generate the internal pressure in the heating zone. As a result, the hot water and steam flow into the non-heated zone, and the water present in the non-heated zone is heated by the hot water and steam. It is configured to vaporize into vapor due to a drop in boiling point at the moment when it is discharged from the drainage passage with hot water and steam and comes into contact with the atmosphere!

In the dehydration / volume reduction solidification device according to the present invention, the pressure vessel includes a cylinder-shaped portion having a predetermined axis, and the piston-shaped member is provided so as to operate in the axial direction in the cylinder-shaped portion. The heating zone is preferably formed at one end of the cylinder-shaped portion in the axial direction. The pressure vessel further includes a die provided on the one end side of the cylinder-shaped portion and defining a molding through-hole having an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder-shaped portion, and the other end portion of the cylinder-shaped portion and the die are It is a non-heating zone, and the drainage passage is provided in the piston-like member and the die is formed The organic through-hole is made part of the drainage passage, and when the piston-shaped member is pressurized, the organic matter is pushed out through the cylinder-shaped partial force die. It is preferable to be configured to vaporize as a boiling point drop.

[0018] The above-described die includes an approach portion having an inlet for introducing an organic substance into a molding through-hole and a bearing portion having an inner peripheral surface for molding the organic substance introduced through the approach portion. And a back release portion having an outlet for discharging the organic matter molded in the bearing portion, in order, in the direction of movement of the organic matter in the through hole for molding, and sequentially configured from the upstream side toward the downstream side, It is preferable that a dewatering hole for communicating the forming through hole and the atmosphere is provided in an intermediate portion in the axial direction of the bearing portion.

[0019] The present invention is also directed to a method for dehydrating and reducing the volume of organic matter.

[0020] The dehydration and volume-reduction solidification method according to the present invention comprises a first step of preparing a pressure vessel including a pressurizing means for increasing the internal pressure and having a water drainage passage, and dehydration including water. The organic material to be reduced and solidified is contained in the pressure vessel, the second step, and a part of the pressure vessel is heated to a temperature exceeding 100 ° C to form a heating zone in the pressure vessel. A third step of pressurizing and reducing the organic matter in the pressure vessel by the pressurizing means.

[0021] When the third step is performed, high-temperature water and steam exceeding 100 ° C are generated while the internal pressure increases in the heating zone and the boiling point of the water contained in the organic matter increases. The generated high-temperature water and steam rise above the pressure generated by the internal pressure of the heating zone and the pressure applied by the pressurizing means, so that the high-temperature water and steam flow into the non-heated zone in the pressure vessel. Moisture force that existed in the heating zone While being heated by high-temperature water and steam, the drainage passage force is discharged together with the high-temperature water and steam, and as soon as it comes into contact with the atmosphere, it is vaporized as the boiling point drops. The temperature and pressure conditions in the third step are set.

[0022] The present invention is also directed to an organic material forming die used for forming a water-containing organic material heated to a temperature exceeding 100 ° C into a rod shape while reducing the pressure. . [0023] An organic material molding die according to the present invention has a molding through-hole through which an organic material passes, and an approach portion having an inlet for introducing the organic material into the molding through-hole, and an approach portion. The bearing part having an inner peripheral surface for molding the introduced organic substance and the back release part having an outlet for discharging the organic substance molded in the bearing part are moved in the direction of movement of the organic substance in the molding through-hole. The bearings are constructed sequentially from the upstream side to the downstream side, and a dewatering hole is provided in the intermediate part in the axial direction of the bearing part to connect the molding through hole and the atmosphere. It is said.

[0024] In the organic material forming die according to the present invention, a plurality of dewatering holes are provided so as to be distributed in the circumferential direction of the bearing portion, and the approach portion has a tapered inner shape whose inner diameter becomes larger toward the inlet side. A circumferential surface is formed, and a plurality of grooves are provided on the tapered inner circumferential surface so as to correspond to the positions in the circumferential direction of the plurality of dewatering holes and to extend in the axial direction of the through hole for molding. ! /

[0025] Further, the organic material molding die according to the present invention provides a pressure buffer that defines a larger inner diameter than the inner diameter of the other part of the molding through-hole provided on the downstream side of the dewatering hole in the bearing portion. It is preferable to have a belt.

The invention's effect

[0026] In the present invention, a phenomenon is used in which the boiling point of water decreases under a low pressure and increases under a high pressure. According to the present invention, the water contained in the organic substance in the pressure vessel becomes high-temperature water and steam exceeding 100 ° C. by heating in the heating zone together with the pressure reduction of the organic substance. The high-temperature water and steam act as a pressurizing and promoting means for further increasing the internal pressure of the heating zone, and flow into the non-heating zone to heat the moisture existing in the non-heating zone, It is discharged from the drainage passage along with the hot water and steam. Moisture that is about to be discharged from the drainage passage is still in a pressure state higher than atmospheric pressure, but at the moment when it comes into contact with the atmosphere, it immediately vaporizes as a drop in boiling point. Therefore, a high dehydration effect can be obtained when dehydrating and reducing the volume of organic matter to obtain a dehydrated and reduced volume solidified product.

[0027] Further, the high-temperature water exceeding 100 ° C generated in the heating zone described above acts as a lubricant, and smooth movement of the organic matter in the pressure vessel. As a result, organic matter The force S to reduce the volume of the dehydrated volume-reduced solidified product obtained by dehydration and volume-reduction solidification is high.

[0028] Further, since the dehydration and volume reduction solidification device according to the present invention is not so complicated in structure, the device cost is relatively low and the running cost can be kept relatively low. In addition, the dehydration and volume reduction and solidification device according to the present invention can accept an organic material having a size of, for example, 150 to 200 mm, without being subjected to crushing treatment in advance.

[0029] Further, when the steam generated in the heating zone in the pressure vessel flows into the non-heating zone, it becomes water as a liquid and drainage passage force is also discharged, so that an accident such as a steam explosion occurs. It can be made highly safe and difficult to occur.

[0030] In the dehydration / volume reduction solidification device according to the present invention, the piston-shaped member is provided so as to operate in the axial direction in the cylinder-shaped portion of the pressure vessel, and the heating zone force is one end in the axial direction of the cylinder-shaped portion. And a pressure vessel is provided on one end side of the cylinder-shaped portion and further includes a die for defining a molding through-hole having an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder-shaped portion, and the other end portion of the cylinder-shaped portion The die is set as a non-heated zone, and the drainage passage is provided in the piston-like member, and the molding through-hole is made a part of the drainage passage. Extruded through a die, the moment when the organic matter comes into contact with the atmosphere, the water contained in the organic matter is vaporized as the boiling point decreases. Once, it is possible to carry out dehydration 'compaction solidification of organic semi-continuously. In addition, the water discharged through the die forming through hole as a drainage passage exhibits a lubricating effect between the die and the organic substance, so that the organic substance can be smoothly pushed out through the forming through hole.

[0031] According to the organic material molding die according to the present invention, since the dewatering hole for connecting the molding through hole and the atmosphere is provided in the intermediate portion of the bearing portion, the organic material during molding is dehydrated. It will come into contact with the atmosphere through the hole. At the moment when the organic material comes into contact with the atmosphere, the high-temperature water and steam contained in the organic material are rapidly extracted through the dehydration holes due to the lowering of the boiling point. Therefore, the moisture residual rate in the organic substance after molding can be further reduced.

[0032] A tapered inner peripheral surface is formed in the approach portion of the organic material forming die according to the present invention. When a plurality of grooves are provided on the tapered inner peripheral surface so as to extend in the axial direction of the through hole for molding, when the organic substance passes through the approach portion, the portion where the grooves are provided is not. Due to the difference in compression between the portions, moisture is unevenly distributed in the organic matter. Such uneven distribution of moisture promotes the movement of moisture in the organic matter, and as a result, acts to further reduce the residual moisture rate in the organic matter. Further, in the die according to the present invention, the plurality of dewatering holes are provided so as to be distributed in the circumferential direction of the bearing portion, and the plurality of groove forces S described above are provided corresponding to the positions of these dewatering holes. Due to the uneven distribution of moisture, the water content becomes higher! /, High-temperature water and steam in the part facing the groove can be effectively removed through the dewatering holes.

[0033] In the bearing portion of the organic material molding die according to the present invention, if a pressure buffering zone is provided on the downstream side of the dewatering hole, the compressed state of the organic matter passing through the bearing portion is once resolved in the pressure buffering zone. After that, it is forced to be in a compressed state again, so that a layer of compression effect can be obtained. Therefore, a good volume-reduction and solidified state can be obtained even for the porous portion in the organic matter resulting from the rapid escape of high-temperature water and steam through the dehydration holes.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a dehydration and volume reduction solidification device 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a dehydration / volume reduction solidification device 11 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Fig. 3] In order to carry out dehydration and volume reduction solidification using the dehydration and volume reduction solidification device shown in Fig. 2, organic waste 12 is introduced and the cylinder-shaped part 18 is filled with this. It is a figure which shows the process to perform.

[Fig. 4] In order to carry out dehydration / volume reduction solidification using the dehydration / volume reduction solidification device 11 shown in FIG. 2, after the process shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the process which is going to carry out pressure reduction.

[Fig. 5] Using the dehydration / volume reduction solidification device 11 shown in Fig. 2! / In order to carry out dehydration / volume reduction solidification, the piston-like member 15 is further operated after the step shown in Fig. 4. FIG. 6 is a view showing a state where a dehydrated and volume-reduced solidified material 29 is extruded from a die 19.

[Fig. 6] In order to carry out dehydration and volume reduction solidification using the dehydration and volume reduction solidification device 11 shown in Fig. 2, FIG. 6 is a view showing a state in which the piston-like member 15 is returned to the starting end position after the step shown in FIG. 7] A longitudinal sectional view showing a die 31 according to a preferred embodiment that can be used in place of the die 19 in the dewatering / volume reducing and solidifying apparatus 11 shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is an end view of the die 31 shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the spring AA in FIG.

[Fig. 10] Approach when volume reduction solidification process is performed using the die 31 shown in Fig. 7 Organic waste for explaining the distribution of moisture content on the cross section of the organic waste 12 that has passed through the part 34 FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1, 11 Dehydration / Volume reduction solidification equipment

2, 13 Pressure vessel

3, 12 Organic waste

5, 15 Piston-like member

6, 16 Heating zone

7, 17 Heater

8, 21, 22 Unheated zone

9, 23, 39 Dewatering hole

10 Porous material

18 Cylinder shape part

19, 31 dice

20, 32 Through hole for molding

24 slot

33 Population

34 Approach section

35 Inner surface

36 Bearing part

37 Exit

38 Back release 40, 42 Tapered inner peripheral surface

41 groove

43 Pressure buffer zone

44 Groove facing part

45 Non-opposing part of groove

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The dehydration / volume reduction and solidification device 1 includes a pressure vessel 2. The pressure vessel 2 contains organic waste 3 to be dehydrated and reduced in volume. Waste 3 is an organic substance containing moisture with a moisture content of 10% by weight or more, for example. In the dehydration / volume reduction solidification device 1 according to the present invention, even if the moisture content of the waste 3 is high, for example, 35% by weight or more, or 45% by weight or more, this is a problem due to the operation principle described later. Without dehydration and volume reduction. Waste 3 can be industrial waste or general waste. Materials such as waste plastic, waste wood, driftwood accumulated in dams, garbage, waste paper, paper waste, sewage sludge It may be any of livestock dung, etc. The form may be any of powder, bulk, fluff, mud and the like.

[0038] The dehydration / volume reduction solidification device 1 includes a piston-like member 5 that is operated to pressurize and reduce the waste 3 contained in the pressure vessel 2 as indicated by an arrow 4 in FIG. . In addition, the dehydration and volume reduction solidification device 1 operates a heating zone 6 heated to a temperature exceeding 100 ° C. in a part of the pressure vessel 2 and operates in the pressure reduction direction 4 of the piston-like member 5. A heater 7 is provided as a heating means for forming on the end side of the. The non-heating zone 8 of the pressure vessel 2 other than the heating zone 6 is provided with a plurality of dewatering holes 9 serving as drainage passages for draining the water in the pressure vessel 2, and the dewatering holes 9 are provided. The porous material 10 is disposed so as to cover the outer periphery of the portion.

[0039] In order to obtain a dehydrated and reduced solidified product obtained by dehydrating and reducing and solidifying the waste 3 using such a dehydrating and volume reducing and solidifying device 1, the waste 3 is introduced into the pressure vessel 2 and heated. With the heating zone 6 formed in a part of the pressure vessel 2 by 7, the piston-like member 5 is operated in the direction of arrow 4. As a result, first, waste 3 is reduced in pressure and squeezed out from waste 3. Water is discharged through the dewatering holes 9 and the porous material 10. This is due to normal compression drying.

[0040] As described above, the waste 3 in the heating zone 6 is heated while the piston-like member 5 is operated in the direction of the arrow 4 so that the waste 3 is pressurized and reduced. In the heating zone 6, the internal pressure rises and the boiling point of the water contained in the waste 3 rises, but high-temperature water and steam exceeding 100 ° C. are generated. The high-temperature water and steam act to increase the internal pressure of the heating zone 6 beyond the pressure due to pressurization of the piston-like member 5.

[0041] As a result, the high temperature water and steam described above flow into the non-heating zone 8, and the water present in the non-heating zone is heated by these high temperature water and steam. The water present in the non-heated zone 8 is discharged through the dewatering holes 9 and the porous material 10 together with the high-temperature water and steam. The moisture to be discharged is in a state of pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, but when it comes into contact with the atmosphere, the boiling point decreases, and as a result, it rapidly vaporizes and vaporizes.

[0042] When the processing in accordance with the operation principle as described above is completed, a dehydrated / reduced volume solidified product is generated in the pressure vessel 2 by dehydrating and reducing the volume of the waste 3. When the piston-like member 5 is operated in the direction opposite to the arrow 4 after the above processing is completed, the internal pressure of the pressure vessel 2 is reduced and the residual moisture is instantly vaporized. Therefore, the dehydration rate is further increased. In addition, during the dehydration and volume reduction solidification process, the compression pressure applied by the piston-like member 5 was applied, so that the obtained dehydration and volume reduction solidified product was in a high-density volume reduction and solidification state.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a dehydration / volume reduction solidification device 11 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 3 to 6 are cross-sectional views for explaining the operation of the dehydrating / volume reducing and solidifying apparatus 1 shown in FIG.

[0044] The dehydration and volume reduction and solidification device 1 shown in Fig. 1 is a force S, which was a so-called batch type, and the dehydration and volume reduction and solidification device 11 shown in Fig. 2 is semi-continuous. It is intended to solidify.

[0045] The dehydration / volume reduction solidification device 11 is a waste 1 as in the case of the dehydration / volume reduction solidification device 1 described above.

A pressure vessel 13 for accommodating 2, a piston-like member 15 actuated in the direction of arrow 14 (see FIG. 4) to pressurize and reduce the waste 12 contained in the pressure vessel 13, and 100 ° Over C The heating zone 16 heated to a certain temperature is a part of the pressure vessel 13 and is formed as a heating means as a heating means for forming the piston-like member 15 on the terminal side of the operation in the pressure reducing direction 14. 17 and so on.

[0046] In this embodiment, the pressure vessel 13 has a cylinder-shaped portion 18 having a predetermined axis, and the piston-shaped member 15 in the cylinder-shaped portion 18 as shown by a solid line and a broken line in FIG. It is provided to operate in the axial direction. The heating zone 16 is formed at one end of the cylinder-shaped portion 18 in the axial direction.

The pressure vessel 13 further includes a die 19 provided on the one end side of the cylinder-shaped portion 18. The die 19 is provided with a forming through hole 20 having an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder-shaped portion 18. In the dewatering / volume reduction solidifying device 11, a non-heating zone 21 is formed at the other end of the cylinder-shaped portion 18, and a non-heating zone 22 is also formed by the die 19.

[0048] The piston-like member 15 is provided with a plurality of dewatering holes 23 as drainage passages. Instead of the dewatering hole 23, a gap serving as a drainage passage may be formed between the piston-shaped member 15 and the cylinder-shaped portion 18. Further, the molding through hole 20 is a part of the drainage passage.

[0049] At the other end of the cylinder-shaped portion 18, an inlet 24 for introducing the waste 12 into the pressure vessel 13 is provided. For example, if the input port 24 is a waste 12 having a size of 150 mm or less, it should be sized so that it can be input.

[0050] The process for obtaining the dehydrated-volume-reduced solidified material 29 (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) obtained by dehydrating 'volume-reducing and solidifying the waste 12 using the dehydrating' volume-reducing solidification device as described above This will be described with reference to FIGS.

First, as shown in FIG. 3, waste 12 to be dehydrated / volume-reduced and solidified is introduced into the pressure vessel 13 from the inlet 24. The input waste 12 is filled into the cylinder-shaped portion 18 by reciprocating the piston-like member 15 as indicated by a double arrow 25. The introduction of the waste 12 from the inlet 24 and the reciprocating operation of the piston-like member 15 are repeated until the waste 12 reaches the vicinity of the inlet 24 as shown in FIG. At this time, the waste 12 is compressed to some extent. Further, the heater 17 is turned on, and the heating zone 16 is heated to a temperature exceeding 100 ° C. [0052] As shown in FIG. 4, when the waste 12 is filled to the vicinity of the inlet 24, the piston-like member 15 starts to be subjected to a pressure force S, and in the heating zone 16, the vaporization of moisture proceeds. As indicated by an arrow 26, steam is ejected through the forming through hole 20 of the die 19. On the other hand, excess water in the non-heating zone 21 begins to escape through the dewatering hole 23 of the piston-like member 15 as indicated by an arrow 27. At this time, the non-heated zone 21 is pressurized by the steam generated in the heating zone 16, so that the moisture escape through the dehydration hole 23 is promoted.

[0053] As described above, after confirming that the pressure force S has started to be applied to the piston-like member 15, the piston-like member 15 pressurizes and reduces the waste 12 as shown in Figs. Actuated in the direction of arrow 14 as shown. At this time, the waste 12 in the heating zone 16 is heated, so that the internal pressure rises in the heating zone 16 and the boiling point of the water contained in the waste 12 rises, but exceeds 100 ° C. Hot water and steam are generated. Due to the generated high-temperature water and steam, the internal pressure in the heating zone 16 rises above the pressure due to pressurization of the piston-like member 15. Therefore, the above-described high-temperature water and steam flow to the non-heated zone 21 and the water force S existing in the non-heated zone 21 is heated by these high-temperature water and steam. From 23, it is discharged as shown by arrow 27. Since the water before being discharged from the dewatering hole 23 is in a pressure state higher than the atmospheric pressure, it has a boiling point exceeding 100 ° C! /, And the force is discharged from the dewatering hole 23 and comes into contact with the atmosphere. At the moment, the boiling point drops, vaporizes instantly, and is discharged as shown by arrow 27.

On the other hand, the waste 12 in the heating zone 16 is pushed out from the cylinder-shaped portion 18 through the die 19 by the pressurization of the piston-like member 15. At this time, the moisture contained in the waste 12 exerts a lubricating effect between the die 19 and the waste 12 and acts to smoothly push out the waste 12. As described above, as soon as the waste 12 is pushed out through the dice 19 and comes into contact with the atmosphere, the moisture contained in the waste 12 instantly becomes steam as shown by the arrow 28 due to the lowering of its boiling point. Vaporize. In this way, the waste 12 is pressurized and compressed in the cylinder-shaped portion 18 and is pushed out of the die 19 to become a dehydrated / volume-reduced solidified material 29 formed into a rod shape. At this time, steam generated in the heating zone 16 Qi acts to further push out the waste 12.

As shown in FIG. 5, the piston-like member 15 is returned to the starting end position as shown in FIG. 6 after reaching the final end of its stroke. As a result, the internal pressure of the cylinder-shaped portion 18 decreases at a stroke, and the residual moisture in the waste 12 is vaporized as indicated by an arrow 30. Therefore, the waste 12 left in the cylinder-shaped portion 18 is dehydrated and reduced in volume at this position.

[0056] After the above process is completed, the process returns to the process shown in Fig. 3 again, and the waste 12 is newly input. However, the waste 12 already reduced in volume as described above is Since water is hardly absorbed, the water contained in the newly input waste 12 hardly penetrates again into the waste 12 already reduced in volume. The waste 12 dehydrated and volume-reduced and solidified in the cylinder-shaped portion 18 can be plastically deformed as long as it is heated in the heating zone 16 and can be extruded from the die 19. In particular, when the waste 12 includes waste plastic, the plastic is melted in the heating zone 16 and can be smoothly extruded through the die 19.

[0057] In operating the dehydration / volume reduction solidification device 11, the temperature conditions in the heating zone 16 and the pressure conditions of the pressure applied by the piston-like member 15 differ depending on the material of the waste 12 to be treated. . In terms of temperature conditions, when the main component of the waste 12 is waste plastic, a temperature of 120 to 200 ° C. is given, and when it is waste wood, a higher temperature is given. As for the pressure condition, if the main component of waste 12 is, for example, paper, a pressure of 150 kg / cm ² or more is applied, and if it is waste plastic (or 300-350 kg / cm ² In the case of waste wood (approx. 400-420 kg / cm ² is applied, especially when various foreign substances mixed with the main component are mixed, the range is 150-450 kg / cm ² From these pressures, a empirically preferred pressure is selected.

[0058] Next, a description will be given of an experimental example carried out in order to confirm the effect of the present invention using the dehydration / volume reduction solidification apparatus 11 described with reference to Figs.

[0059] In this experimental example, waste 12 to be treated is a mixture of wood flour and 150 mm under plastic fluff in a volume ratio of 1: 1, and a moisture content of 60% by weight or more. Prepared. In addition, it was formed on the die 19 in the dehydration and volume reduction solidification device 11. The inner diameter of the molding through hole 20 was set to 30 mm.

[0060] (1) Comparative Example 1

First, as a result of treating the waste 12 without heating by the heater 17, the moisture content was 35% by weight when the pressurizing condition by the piston-like member 15 was 100kg / cm ² , and 30% at 200kg / cm ^2. weight ^_0/0, the 400 kg / cm ^2, was a 21 weight ^_0/0. Thus, when heating by the heater 17 is not performed, even if the pressurization conditions are increased, a sufficient decrease in moisture content is not observed, and a good volume reduction and solidification state of the waste 12 is obtained. A powerful force.

[0061] (2) Comparative Example 2

When heated in the entire area of the pressure vessel 13, when the heating temperature is 100 ° C and the pressurizing condition is 350 kg / cm ² , the water content of the treated waste 12 is 21% by weight, and the volume is reduced sufficiently. The force that solidified state is not obtained. Next, when the heating temperature is 150 ° C and the pressurizing condition is 150 kg / cm ² , steam is expelled through the die 19 and the possibility of explosion is recognized. The power was almost the same as the volume reduction and solidification state.

[0062] (3) Examples

Heating to 170 ° C in heating zone 16 while forming non-heating zones 21 and 22 and depressurization / volume reduction solidified product with a moisture content of 6% by weight were obtained when the pressure condition was 350 kg / cm ² . .

[0063] From the above, it can be seen that partial heating in the pressure vessel 13 is important.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a die 31 according to a preferred embodiment that can be used in place of the die 19 in the dehydrating / volume reducing and solidifying apparatus 11 shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is an end view of the die 31 shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the spring AA in FIG.

The die 31 has a molding through-hole 32 through which the waste 12 (see FIGS. 3 to 6) passes. The die 31 has an approach portion 34 having an inlet 33 for introducing the waste 12 into the through-hole 32 for forming, and an inner peripheral surface 35 for forming the waste 12 introduced through the approach portion 34. And a back release part 38 having an outlet 37 for discharging the waste 12 formed in the bearing part 36 as a dewatering-reducing volume solidified substance 29 in the molding through-hole 32. It is constructed sequentially from the upstream side to the downstream side in the direction of movement of waste 12. In such a die 31, a dewatering hole 39 that makes the molding through hole 32 and the atmosphere communicate with each other is provided in an intermediate portion in the axial direction of the bearing portion 36. As well shown in FIG. 9, in this embodiment, six dewatering holes 39 are provided so as to extend in the radial direction while being distributed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the bearing portion.

[0067] The approach portion 34 is formed with a tapered inner circumferential surface 40 force S having an inner diameter larger toward the inlet 33 side. The tapered inner peripheral surface 40 is provided with a plurality of grooves 41 so as to extend in the axial direction of the forming through hole 32. As can be seen by referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, in this embodiment, the six grooves 41 and the six dewatering holes 36 are provided corresponding to the positions in the circumferential direction. In other words, each dewatering hole 39 is positioned so as to overlap the extended line of each of the six grooves 41.

[0068] The knock release portion 38 is formed with a tapered inner peripheral surface 42 whose inner diameter becomes larger toward the outlet 37 side.

[0069] In the bearing portion 36, on the downstream side of the dewatering hole 39, a pressure buffering band 43 that defines an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the other part of the molding through hole 32 is provided.

[0070] The die 31 is made of die steel or carbon steel. Further, the overall dimensions of the die 31 and the dimensions of each part can be arbitrarily selected. As an example, the overall length dimension of the die 31 is about 150 to 600 mm. Further, the inner diameter of the molding through-hole 32 is set to about 8 to 40 mm, and the maximum inner diameter in the pressure buffer zone 43 is made larger than the inner diameter of other portions of the molding through-hole 32 by about! The inner diameter of the dewatering hole 39 is about 1 to 10 mm, and preferably 5 to 6 mm. Further, the position of the dewatering hole 39 in the axial direction of the die 31 is set to a position of 100 to 300 mm from the end face on the approach part 34 side or a position of 100 to 300 mm from the end face on the back release part 38 side. The position of the pressure buffer zone 43 is selected to be 10 to 50 mm from the position of the dewatering hole 39 and shifted to the back release part 38 side.

[0071] When the above-described die 31 is used in the dehydrating / volume-reducing solidifying device 11 shown in Fig. 2 and the steps shown in Figs. 4 to 5 are performed, the waste 12 in the heating zone is piston-like. By pressing the member 15, the cylinder 15 is pushed out through the die 31.

[0072] At this time, first, the volume reduction and solidification process for the waste 12 is started in the approach portion 34 of the die 31. Figure 10 shows the case where the volume reduction and solidification process was performed using the die 31. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the waste 12 for explaining a distribution state of moisture content on a cross section of the waste 12 that has passed through the broach part 34.

[0073] When the waste 12 passes through the approach portion 34, due to a compression difference between the groove facing portion 44 facing the groove 41 and the non-groove facing portion 45 that is not, the uneven distribution of moisture in the waste 12 I'll be there. That is, since the groove facing portion 44 has a lower compression rate than the groove non-facing portion 45, the moisture content in the groove facing portion 44 is higher than the moisture content in the groove non-facing portion 45. According to an experimental example conducted under certain specific conditions, when the water content in the central portion 16 of the waste 12 is 0% by weight, the water content in the non-groove portion 45 is 12% by weight. On the other hand, the moisture content at the groove facing portion 44 was relatively high at 16% by weight. The uneven distribution of moisture as described above promotes the movement of moisture in the waste 12 and, as a result, acts to further reduce the residual moisture rate in the waste 12.

The waste 12 that has passed through the approach portion 34 is molded while contacting the inner peripheral surface 35 of the bearing portion 36 and reaches the position of the dewatering hole 39. As described above, since the groove 41 in the approach portion 34 is provided corresponding to the position of the dewatering hole 39, the high temperature water in the groove facing portion 44 having a higher moisture content as a result of uneven distribution of moisture. In addition, the vapor rapidly escapes through the dewatering hole 39 while the waste 12 is being reduced in volume and solidified. This acts to lower the residual moisture rate in the finally obtained dehydrated / reduced solidified product 29.

[0075] As a result of the rapid removal of high-temperature water and steam in the dewatering holes 39, the waste 12 may have a porous portion. The waste 12 that has passed through the dewatering hole 39 then reaches the pressure buffer zone 43. The compressed state of the waste 12 is once released in the pressure buffer zone 43. Then, as it passes through the remaining part of the bearing part 36, the waste 12 is forced to become compressed again. Such a force can obtain a further compressive effect on the waste 12 and can obtain a good volume reduction and solidification state for the porous portion of the waste 12 described above.

[0076] As described above, if the dice 31 is used, a more complete dehydration and volume reduction solidification process can be achieved for the waste 12.

[0077] The present invention is not limited to the organic waste described above, and can also be applied to the case of dehydrating / reducing and solidifying organic matter that is difficult to be included in the concept of "waste" such as grass.

ZUO / LOOZdT / lDd L V Z6S9S0 / 800Z OAV

Claims

The scope of the claims

[1] A pressure vessel for containing organic matter to be dehydrated and volume-reduced and containing moisture, and a piston-like member operated to pressurize and reduce the organic matter contained in the pressure vessel; ,

A heating zone heated to a temperature above 100 ° C, part of the pressure vessel,

Heating means for forming the piston-like member on the terminal side of the operation in the direction of pressure reduction.

With

A non-heating zone other than the heating zone and / or the piston-like member of the pressure vessel is provided with a water drain passage for draining water in the pressure vessel, and the organic matter is dehydrated and volume-reduced and solidified. Dehydration

When the piston-like member depressurizes and reduces the organic matter, the water that comes out of the organic matter is discharged by the drainage passage.

While the piston-like member is operated to pressurize and reduce the organic matter, the organic matter in the heating zone is heated by the heating means, whereby the internal pressure is increased in the heating zone. While the boiling point of the moisture contained in the organic substance is increased, high-temperature water and steam exceeding 100 ° C. are generated, and the generated high-temperature water and steam cause the internal pressure of the heating zone to be lower than that of the piston-shaped member. As the pressure rises above the pressure due to pressurization, the high-temperature water and steam flow into the non-heating zone, and the water force existing in the non-heating zone is heated by the high-temperature water and steam. Along with the high-temperature water and steam, it is configured to vaporize as steam due to a drop in boiling point during the moment when it is discharged from the drainage passage and comes into contact with the atmosphere.

Organic dehydration · Volume reduction and solidification equipment.

[2] The pressure vessel includes a cylinder-shaped portion having a predetermined axis, the piston-shaped member is provided so as to operate in an axial direction in the cylinder-shaped portion, and the heating zone includes the cylinder-shaped portion. The pressure vessel is formed at one end in the axial direction of the part, and the pressure vessel defines a through-hole for molding which is provided on the one end side of the cylinder-shaped part and has an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder-shaped part. Further comprising a die, The other end of the cylinder-shaped portion and the die are used as the non-heating zone, the drainage passage is provided in the piston-shaped member, and the through hole for forming the die is a part of the drainage passage. When the piston-shaped member is pressurized, the organic matter is pushed out from the cylinder-shaped portion through the die, and at the moment when the organic matter comes into contact with the atmosphere, the moisture contained in the organic matter becomes vapor due to a decrease in boiling point. 2. The organic matter dehydrating and volume-reducing solidification device according to claim 1, which is configured to vaporize.

[3] The die includes an approach portion having an inlet for introducing the organic substance into the molding through-hole, and a bearing portion having an inner peripheral surface for molding the organic substance introduced through the approach portion. And a back release portion having an outlet for discharging the organic matter molded in the bearing portion, and sequentially configured from the upstream side to the downstream side in the moving direction of the organic matter in the molding through-hole. 3. The dehydration of organic matter according to claim 2, wherein a dehydration hole is provided in an intermediate portion in the axial direction of the bearing portion to bring the forming through-hole into communication with the atmosphere. apparatus.

[4] The organic matter dehydration / volume-reduction solidification device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organic matter includes organic waste.

[5] A first step of providing a pressure vessel including a pressurizing means for increasing the internal pressure and having a drainage passage;

A second step of containing organic matter to be dehydrated and volume-reduced and solidified in the pressure vessel, including moisture; and

A part of the pressure vessel is heated to a temperature exceeding 100 ° C. to form a heating zone in the pressure vessel, and the organic substance in the pressure vessel is pressurized and reduced by the pressurizing means. And the third step

With

When the third step is performed, in the heating zone, the internal pressure rises and the boiling point of the water contained in the organic matter rises, but high-temperature water and steam exceeding 100 ° C are produced and produced. Due to the high temperature water and steam, the internal pressure of the heating zone rises above the pressure due to pressurization of the pressurizing means, so that the high temperature water and steam flow to the non-heating zone in the pressure vessel. Was present in the non-heated zone As the water is heated by the high-temperature water and steam, the third water is vaporized as a result of a drop in boiling point as soon as the high-temperature water and steam are discharged from the drainage passage and contacted with the atmosphere. Organic dehydration and volume reduction solidification method with temperature and pressure conditions set in the process.

[6] The method for dehydrating / reducing and solidifying an organic substance according to claim 5, wherein the organic substance includes an organic waste.

[7] An organic material forming die used for forming a water-containing organic material heated to a temperature exceeding 100 ° C into a rod shape while reducing the pressure.

In order to mold the organic matter introduced through the approach portion, an approach portion having a molding through-hole through which the organic matter passes and an inlet for introducing the organic matter into the molding through-hole. A bearing part having an inner peripheral surface and a back release part having an outlet for discharging the organic substance molded in the bearing part from the upstream side in the moving direction of the organic substance in the molding through-hole. An organic material forming die, which is configured sequentially toward the side, and is provided with a dewatering hole in an intermediate portion in the axial direction of the bearing portion to bring the forming through hole into communication with the atmosphere.

[8] The plurality of dewatering holes are provided so as to be distributed in a circumferential direction of the bearing portion, and the approach portion is formed with a tapered inner peripheral surface having an inner diameter larger toward the inlet side, The taper-shaped inner peripheral surface is provided with a plurality of grooves so as to correspond to the positions in the circumferential direction of the plurality of dewatering holes and to extend in the axial direction of the molding through-hole. A die for forming an organic material as described in 1.

[9] A pressure buffering band that defines an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the other part of the through hole for molding is provided downstream of the dewatering hole in the bearing part. 9. A die for forming an organic material according to claim 7 or 8.