DE102012002009A1 - Apparatus and process for the production of non-porous profiles from separation residues by means of extrusion - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the production of non-porous profiles from separating residues by extrusion, comprising an extruder (1) with a compression chamber (11) of a press ram (5), a die (6) and a recipient into which a heap (2) consisting of separation residues separating manufacturing process or the like. As chips or residual materials is filled. Here, between compression mold (6) and compression chamber (11), the compression chamber (11) press-die side sealing a cover member (3) arranged against which the ram (5) compacts the debris (2) of separation residues to form a compact (2) and thereby directed in the compression chamber (11) and in the heap (2) remaining fluid inclusions, such as by a conically bulging punch radially outward, removed and removed, after which the cover (3) removable and the compacted compact (2) through the press die (6) can be pushed through as a profile cross-section. The heap (2) is optionally increasingly compressed with heating by the press ram (5) and the pressed body (2) is subsequently kept under constant hydrostatic pressure for a predefinable period of time, whereby in the heap (2) and / or compact (2) remaining fluid inclusions are directed and largely expelled.

Description

The invention relates to a device and a method for the production of non-porous profiles from separating residues by means of extrusion molding according to the preamble of claim 1.

In the manufacture of workpieces by means of parting manufacturing processes, such as in particular by means of cutting production with geometrically determined or by means of geometrically indeterminate cutting fall inevitably in addition to the actually produced workpiece partially large amounts of chips or the like. Separation residues. Also in processes of workpiece forming such as punching of sheets or the like can not be avoided material residues. Although such material remnants are waste in terms of the workpiece produced, nevertheless these separation residues such as chips or the like usually still have the same material properties that the machined blank or the workpiece produced therefrom and therefore are also correspondingly valuable, although not in an immediately further usable form. If in the following of separation residues, chips or the like. The speech is always remnants from processing processes such as the separation or other, non-original shape changes of workpieces should be meant.

Such separation residues such as shavings, trimmings and much more are usually collected with similar other waste material as possible sorted and fed to a recycling. For this example, chips are separated according to material z. B. collected in containers and further processed upon reaching appropriate amounts of scrap metal dealers.

This further processing usually consists in that larger quantities z. B. of chips that form only a loose mass or a collection of pourable smaller particles due to their macrogeometry, either decomposed into corresponding shredders into smaller particles or compacted in corresponding Kompaktierem, so that the volumetric space required for storage and transport of the chips sinks. Subsequently, the usual way of re-use of such pretreated chips and separation residues that they are transported by the recycling companies to corresponding melt companies on and melted at high temperatures and thereby recycled material. The problem hereof is the one hand, the high cost of collection, storage, transport and pretreatment of not yet or insufficiently compacted separation residues and on the other hand, the high energy consumption for melting for recycling.

For compaction of metal chips are for example from the DE 10 2009 040 491 A1 or the DE 202 10 144 U1 corresponding Brikettierpressen known in which light metal chips can be compacted by ram and issued in the form of briquettes. Although this considerably reduces the volume of chips to be stored and transported, the resulting light metal briquettes still have a high proportion of fluid media, such as air and cooling lubricant residues, which are trapped in the briquette and are very hindering direct further processing. Recycling of the light metal briquettes takes place exclusively by smelting.

It is also known from powder metallurgy, specially powdered metals prepared for this purpose or ceramics to bake together under heat and high pressure, so that there is a very compact material matrix whose properties depend on the mixture of powdered components and the process management in wide Limits can be influenced. Here, however, the starting material, namely the one or more material powder of small, substantially spherical particles, the z. B. are produced from the melt extra for the powder metallurgy further processing and their arrangement to each other before the thermal pressure treatment is very compact and designed with low air inclusions. Under the pressure and at the high temperature, these particles then cake together and form the very uniform new microstructure with only a small percentage of pores.

From the U.S. Patent 2,391,752 is a method for the production of profiles or pipes or the like. Directly from metal residues such as chips known in the pre-compacted and thermally pretreated compacts are placed in an extruder and further pressed therein and transferred by extrusion into conventional profile shapes. Here, the thermally pretreated pellets are further heated in the extruder to temperatures below the melting temperature and pressed in this heated state through the die. The material properties of profiles produced in this way should essentially correspond to those which originate from profiles produced from melting materials.

However, it has been found that in the processing of metal residues on in the U.S. Patent 2,391,752 Problems indicated by the fact that the profiles produced after the extrusion process inhomogeneities and defects that allow use of such profiles at most for minor purposes at low loads. Thus, due to the air pockets in the compacts in the Cross sections of extruded from the pellets profiles repeatedly air pockets and non-homogeneous material areas that act under mechanical loads as already produced in the production predetermined breaking points and thus severely limit the application of such profiles. As a result, on the one hand, such profiles of inferior and rather arbitrary quality can be produced, which also provide only low yields for the economically quite complex recycling.

The object of the present invention is therefore to further develop a generic extrusion process and a generic extrusion device in such a way that even profiles of high quality and load capacity can be produced reliably.

The invention relates to a generic device for the production of non-porous profiles from separating residues by extrusion, comprising an extrusion press with a compression chamber of a press die, a die and a recipient, in which a heap consisting of separation residues separating manufacturing process or the like. As chips or residual materials is fillable. Such a generic device is characterized further developed in accordance with the invention, that between compression die and compression chamber, the compression chamber sealing plate a sealing element can be arranged, against which the ram compresses the heap of separating residues into a compact and thereby remaining in the compression chamber and in the Raufwerk fluid Directed enclosures removed, after which the cover is removable again and the compacted compact can be pushed through the press die as a profile cross-section. Due to the arrangement of the cover, by which at least the opened cross sections of the die are sealed against the exit of the compact to be compacted, the heap or the resulting compact can be compressed to a much greater extent than in the method according to the U.S. Patent 2,391,752 was possible. The much stronger compression can be used to selectively expel the inclusions of fluid media, in particular the inclusions of air in the heap or the compact and to ensure that even before the actual extrusion process no fluid media such as in particular more air in the Heap or, better said, in the highly compressed compact. For this purpose, it is ensured, for example, by the shaping of the punch and / or covering element, that the flow of the fluid expelled by the increasing pressure, such as air, is pressed out of the interior of the compact and does not remain in the pores or cavities of the compact, for example already described negative effects on the extruded profile. Ideally, the expulsion of the fluid medium may occur radially outward from the interior of the aggregate, so that the expulsion begins first inside the compact and then progresses further outward. If the compact has been pressed in the compression chamber between the ram and the cover over a certain period of time, the pressure is then relieved for a short time and the cover is moved out between the compression chamber and the press die. Immediately thereafter, the compact thus produced can then be pressed through the press die in a conventional manner and, because of the non-porous initial state before extrusion, now also forms defect-free profiles. Thus, the quality of the producible extruded profiles can be significantly increased, including no additional modifications of the extruder are required except for the addition of the extruder to the cover and the necessary movement facilities. In addition, the compression and extrusion can be carried out immediately following in the same extruder, whereby additional handling operations of the compact are avoided and also the process heat of the compression can be used directly for the temperature of the compact for extrusion. Thus, the present invention modified extrusion of separation residues directly to high-quality profiles is particularly economical and easy to implement device technology.

In a conceivable embodiment, the cover can be formed substantially disc-shaped and introduced between the compression chamber and die, preferably be swung or inserted. By such a disc-shaped cover member, which is pivoted or pushed laterally in the working space of the extruder between compression chamber and press die during compression of the heap to pore-free compact, the extruder must be modified only slightly. The covering element can be supported on the pressing die in relation to the force exerted on the heap or the compact due to the pressure of the pressing die and therefore only needs to be dimensioned such that the pressing pressures can be safely introduced into the pressing die.

It is particularly advantageous if the press ram has a shaping in its press-die-side end region, by means of which a locally different pressure distribution in the pile can be set during compaction. Such an uneven pressure distribution, which differs from the usual planning plan of the end face of the press ram can be used to drive the fluid inclusions in the debris, in particular the trapped air, out of the debris. In the areas of the cross section in which the pressure due to the shaping of the end face of the ram in the heap or the compact first increases, z. B. the air pressed out of this area away, whereas in adjacent cross-sectional areas no or no such high pressure is built up by the ram. Therefore, the air can flow largely unhindered in these not so highly pressurized areas. If the design of the end face of the ram such that z. B. starting from the inner region of the heap, such as in the region of the longitudinal axis of the compression chamber and thus the heap first higher pressures in the heap and then the pressure zone gradually successively enlarged further radially outward, so is a directed outflow and thus a directed expulsion of Air from the heap or the compact achieved, whereby the fluid medium such as the air can be removed almost residue-free and thus a largely pore-free compact is generated, which then makes after extrusion also largely non-porous profile cross sections.

For this purpose, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, the press-die-side end region of the press ram can be bulged in the region of its axis of symmetry in the direction of the press die, preferably conically or spherically or the like, at least in sections. The first contact point or the first contact area of the press ram with the pile or the compact then lies in the region of the symmetry axis of the ram and with approximately conical configuration of the end face of the ram expands in the course of the compression process, this zone of high pressure more and more radially outward until the entire cross-section of the heap or the compact is evenly subjected to high pressure.

In another embodiment, however, it is also conceivable that the design of the end face causes a non-symmetric or non-uniform pressure zone, such as by the press die-side end portion of the ram is designed such that in a partial region of the cross section of the compression chamber and thus the debris first higher pressures arise in the heap, according to which this region of higher pressures successively covers the entire cross-section of the compact, while setting an expulsion direction for the remaining in the heap fluid inclusions progressively. Thus, for example, the first contact between the press ram and the pile or compact could take place on one side of one edge of the press ram and propagate successively across the entire cross section of the press ram up to the other edge of the cross-sectional area of the press ram. This could be achieved, for example, by means of an end face design formed obliquely over the entire cross section of the press ram and would lead to a one-sided expulsion direction for the fluid medium. It goes without saying that many other end face design of the press ram are conceivable.

In a further embodiment, it is also conceivable that not only the ram, but also the substantially disc-shaped cover member on its the die facing end face has such a shape that in a portion of the cross section of the compression chamber, preferably in the region of its axis of symmetry, and thus the Haufwerks first arise higher pressures in the heap. So the cover z. Example, in a symmetrically conically shaped ram have a reverse conical configuration of its the ram facing end face, which in turn affects the pressure conditions in the heap or compact and the expulsion of the fluid medium such as air can be further improved. Similar to the above-described possibilities for the design of the end face of the press ram, corresponding variations can also be made in the design of the end face of the cover element, which variations should be adapted to the particular design of the end face of the press ram.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if a heating device is provided, with which the pre-compressed aggregate can be heated and, under the action of the press ram, preferably compressed isostatically to the compact. The compaction of the heap towards the non-porous compact can be substantially improved if this compacting takes place under the action of thermal energy, whereby on the one hand the deformability of the separating residues is improved and on the other hand welding operations of the heap forming separating residues are simplified. Also metallurgical and chemical-physical processes within the heap or the compact will run faster and easier, such. B. flow processes of the fluid medium. In addition, the conventional extrusion takes place anyway at elevated temperatures, so that the pre-tempering facilitates the subsequent extrusion when pressing the bulk material or compact. If the compact is set under maximum pressure after compaction of the pile, keeping the compact in this high pressure state at the required pressing temperature for a predetermined period of time will enhance still further structuring of the matrix of the compact, such as fluid fluid flow or welding operations. Thus, such a holding of the compact in this state of high pressure at the required pressing temperature before the actual extrusion, as is done similarly in hot isotatic pressing, the quality of the matrix of the compact and thus the subsequent extruded profile significantly improve. Keeping the compact in this condition for a few seconds may be sufficient.

It is furthermore advantageous if openings or channels or the like are arranged in the area of the compression chamber in the direction of flow of the directionally expelled fluid inclusions through which the expelled fluid inclusions can escape from the compression chamber. This ensures that the expelled fluids such as in particular the expelled air can actually drive out completely from the compact and also near the surface of the compact do not form cavities within the compression chamber, in which the air then collects and in the following extrusion process again in the cross section of Profiles can be pressed into it. It is sufficient for this z. B. already, to ensure such an outflow of air through the inevitable annular gaps between plunger and recipient. In a further embodiment, however, it is also conceivable that in the region of the compression chamber, a pressure lower than the ambient pressure can be set by which fluid inclusions in the debris and / or the compact can be removed during the pressing process. Such a negative pressure additionally facilitates the outflow of the fluid expelled from the heap or the compact.

Constructively simplest to implement is the present invention working cover when the conventional extrusion on frequently existing shear of the extruder for separating press residue has an additional cover and / or is designed as a cover and this cover is movable into the region between compression chamber and press die. For example, the knife-like working shear of the extruder, which is retracted between the compression chamber and press die, slightly constructively modified and used as a cover for the compaction of the heap or the compact. In this case, such a cover element can be arranged to be movable mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically between the compression chamber and the press die.

The invention further relates to a process for the production of non-porous profiles from separating residues by extrusion, wherein in a compacting press in a compression chamber from a press die, a die and a recipient a heap consisting of separating residues separating manufacturing process or the like. As chips or residual materials is filled. Such a generic method can be further developed in accordance with the invention by the heap of separation of separating manufacturing processes in the compression chamber between the die and a compression chamber sealing mastic side sealing cover under heating from the ram increasingly compressed into a compact and the compact then over a predetermined period of time is kept under constant hydrostatic pressure, whereby in the heap and / or compact remaining fluid inclusions are directed and largely expelled completely, and immediately thereafter removed the cover and the compact is pushed through the press die to an extruded profile. Due to the increasing and spatially directed running compaction of the heap or compact a safe expulsion of fluid inclusions in the heap or the compact is guaranteed, so that even after the so-called compaction forms a largely non-porous compact, which then immediately following and in the same extruder and can be extruded in a single workflow to high-quality profiles. Keeping the compact pressed at the highest pressure below a corresponding compression temperature facilitates the forming and flow processes within the compact and results in a substantial improvement in the homogeneity of the material of the compact, in particular a high freedom from pores. Thus, even non-porous and thus error-free, highly loadable profiles can be produced directly from corresponding separating residues, without the separating residues, as is customary today, having to be melted down for this purpose. Thus, the method according to the invention is particularly economical and it is possible to produce profiles directly from separating residues whose properties are in no way inferior to those of profiles produced from freshly formed compacts.

It is advantageous if the bulk material consisting of separation residues separating manufacturing process or the like. As chips or residual materials in pre-compacted form with limited degree of compression of the compression chamber of the extruder is supplied. So z. As a part of the compression of the material of the heap in corresponding compacting devices such as known Briquetting presses or the like. Made and thereby also without thermal interference directly and comfortably be introduced into the extruder materials can be produced. In the present invention operated extruder is then under thermal influence, the compression of the precompacted heap towards the pore-free compact carried out before the actual extrusion.

It is particularly advantageous if the fluid inclusions remaining in the heap are driven out of the heap and / or the compact by the shaping of the die and / or cover element, preferably radially outwards, and are removed from the compression chamber. The retention of pores in the pellet and thus the extruded profile inducing fluid residues such as air bubbles is thereby largely prevented as described above and it results despite the very heterogeneous starting material separation residue or chip a very homogeneous matrix of extruded compact.

A further simplification and improvement can be achieved in that the compact compacted in compressing and expelling the fluid inclusions with heat, preferably similar to the hot isostatic pressing over a holding period at a constant temperature, preferably at the necessary temperature for extrusion is pressed. In this holding period, similar to the hot isostatic pressing flow processes such as the exiting fluid or structuring processes within the compact completely and undisturbed by changing pressure conditions, whereby the quality of the compact and thus the quality of extruded from the compact profiles is significantly improved.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention and of the method according to the invention is shown in the drawing.

Show it:

1 A first embodiment of the device according to the invention on an extrusion press before the beginning of the compacting process of a heap or compact,

2 - The embodiment of the device according to the invention according to 1 during the compression process of a heap or compact,

3 - The embodiment of the device according to the invention according to 1 in the extruder of the extruded profile to be produced from the compact,

4a - 4d A schematic representation of the method according to the invention on an extrusion press with the compacting up to the extrusion of the extruded profile to be produced from the compact,

5a - 5d A schematic representation of the isobars of the distribution of the remaining fluid between press ram and cover element in the pile or the compact during the increasing compacting of the pile to the compact with a butted ram,

6 The basic sequence of the compacting and extrusion process according to the present invention in the form of a diagram with a plot of the density of the material of the aggregate or the compact, the force of the compacting die and the way of the compacting die over time,

7 - Another embodiment of the device according to the invention with a conical configuration of the end face of the press ram and the cover.

In the 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which a known per se and therefore only described in detail here extruder 1 is used as is relevant to the peculiarities of the device and the method carried out with the device. Such extruders 1 are commercially available and the expert therefore known in their basic structure.

Such a commercial extruder 1 has one in the pressing direction 4 linearly adjustable press punches 5 or a press die with a separate press washer 5 on, a normally block-like compact 2 towards the press die 6 under pressure. The compact 2 is usually before the extrusion process and outside the extruder 1 or by not shown heating devices in the extruder 1 even brought to a pressing temperature, the material of the processed compact 2 is dependent and by the extrusion of the compact 2 is simplified. In the press die 6 is a die opening 8th provided by the under the pressure of the press ram 5 deforming material of the compact 2 can escape and thereby the cross-sectional shape of the opening 8th the press die 6 accepts.

In the present invention, however, is not a homogeneous, z. B. forming by casting or the like. Production process produced compact 2 but it becomes a heap 2 used from waste separating manufacturing processes, such. As cutting machining processes or press residues remodeling manufacturing process or mixtures of such separation residues. Such separation residues have geometrically varying shapes and dimensions and form a more or less in the form used here loose heap 2 , in the relatively large amount of air and cooling lubricant residues or the like. Liquid residues may be included. It is also conceivable and possibly even preferred that such a heap 2 In a separate device to a certain extent precompressed and pressed into dimensions, which is a simple filling of the compression chamber 11 the extruder 1 with the heap 2 allows. But this is only a part of the volume of the heap 2 compacted, leaving a relatively high proportion of the volume of the heap 2 be filled by air. To reduce the proportion of cooling lubricant residues, it is also conceivable that heap 2 from waste separating manufacturing processes z. B. chemically clean and dry.

Would you now this relatively compacted heap 2 directly through the die opening 8th the press die 6 press through, as indicated in the prior art, so form in the profile thus produced 7 Many air pockets and imperfections that affect the quality of the profile 7 greatly reduce this and make it suitable only for inferior applications.

It is therefore in accordance with the invention before the actual extrusion process of the later profile 7 a compression process of the heap 2 performed by the air and any fluid residues in the heap 2 be removed from this as far as possible and thereby a pore-free compact 2 training, then also a non-porous profile 7 can be extruded.

For this purpose, before the actual extrusion process and before filling the compression chamber 11 with the heap 2 (please refer 1 ) a preferably disc-shaped cover 3 so before the opening 8th the press die 6 arranged that the opening 8th and better still the whole cross-section of the compression space 11 in front of the press die 6 from the cover 3 is completed. Thus, despite the later on the heap 2 applied pressure of the press ram 5 no material of the pile 2 through the opening 8th emerge and it forms a closed space for the compression of the heap 2 ,

The introduction of the cover 3 can in the simplest case by hand through a corresponding lateral, not shown here opening in the region of the compression space 11 done after the introduction of the cover 3 is closed again. With automatic operation of the extruder 1 could also be a corresponding, not shown here moving means for the cover 3 be provided, through which the cover 3 can be pushed or swung laterally. It is also conceivable that on some extruders 1 provided shearing device for press residues, which also laterally between press die 6 and compression space 11 retracts and scissors removes the remaining press rests, so modify that this shearing a corresponding cover 3 or its function and the cover function of the press die described above 6 takes over.

Is the cover element 3 in the manner described between compression space 11 and heap 2 can be arranged, the heap 2 under the increasing pressure of the ram 5 be compacted in the manner described. This reduces the volume of the heap 2 increasingly ( 2 ), wherein in the manner described in the heap 2 Trapped air and any other fluid residues such as cooling lubricant or the like. Gradually from the pile 2 displaced and z. B. via channels not shown to the outside of the compression chamber 11 can drain away. This results in the ever-increasing compression of the heap 2 Gradually a homogenous structure of the heap 2 from, to below the highest predetermined pressure, the largely non-porous compact 2 then forms after removing the cover 3 ( 3 ) in a manner known per se through the opening 8th the press die 6 exit and the profile 7 can form. This profile 7 is then also largely free of pores and corresponds despite the very inhomogeneous and the fluid inclusions having starting material of the heap 2 almost the qualities that when using homogeneous z. B. cast starting materials can be achieved.

Before the actual extrusion of the compact 2 can further improve the quality of the compact 2 a kind of hot isoatic pressing process are interposed during which the compacted compact 2 under constant pressure and at constant temperature for some time, e.g. B. is held for a few seconds. In this hot isoatic holding time, residual flow processes of the exiting fluid or also restructuring processes within the forming matrix of the compact 2 run off, the degree of pore-free and thus the quality of the compact 2 continue to increase.

In the 4a to 4d is the basic process of this compression and extrusion process, which in the 1 to 3 inside the extruder 1 was shown again to recognize in cutaway representation. The boundaries of the compression area 11 and the components of the extruder 1 have been left out.

In the 4a is the initial state of press stamp 5 , unconsolidated or pre-compacted debris 2 , Cover element 3 and press die 6 to recognize (according to the state in 1 ). 4b shows the state after completion of compaction, where the heap 2 was compressed to the maximum and occupies its smallest volume. In 4c The process of hot isostatic pressing can be seen, in which the compacted compact 2 is maintained below the pressure reached and the predeterminable temperature to drain off remaining restructuring operations. In 4d Finally, the actual extrusion process is shown, in which the cover 3 between compact 2 and press die 6 was removed and the compact 2 to the profile 7 through the opening 8th the press die 6 is pushed through.

In the 6 the basic sequence of the compression and extrusion process according to the present invention is shown in the form of a diagram. Here are the changing density of the heap 2 , the course of the stamp force of the press ram 5 and the course of the press stamp 5 applied over time t. The time period a corresponds to the time of increasing compaction of the heap 2 , the period b of the time of pressing of the compact, similar to hot isostatic pressing 2 and the period c of the time of full compacting of the compact 2 in a hot isostatic pressing similar presses before the actual extrusion of the profile 7 that in the 6 not shown. As you can see, the density of the pile increases 2 initially strong, consolidates at the transition from period a to period b and reached immediately before the end of the period b and thus before the extrusion of the highest value. The stamping force of the press ram 5 starts to increase a little, because only the remaining cavities within the heap 2 pressed together, which only lower forces are required. Subsequently, the punch force increases sharply, during the period b for the formation of metallurgical compounds in the heap 2 held relatively constant under high pressure and high temperature and falls because of the relief of the press ram 5 for the removal of the cover 3 strongly before the beginning of the extrusion process. The stamp path first increases linearly and remains constant during period b. In the period c then the punch is 5 drove back a little to the cover 3 to be able to remove. Therefore, the stamping force falls off.

Of particular importance in the method according to the invention is the formation of the end face of the press ram 5 and / or the front side of the cover 3 that to the heap to be compacted 2 shows. To a directed displacement of the fluid components from the heap 2 out and thus a pore-free compression and compression of the material of the pile 2 To allow the displacement must be done so that the fluid components completely from the compact 2 be displaced out. For this purpose, according to the invention, the heap 2 , starting from a starting area within the cross section of the heap 2 , first compacted in the middle and successively pressurized towards the edge area, so that the fluid constituents are directed gradually from more and more areas of the cross section of the heap 2 be displaced out. Figuratively speaking, starting from the starting region, successively and continuously running, the pressure is increased in respective regions adjacent to the starting region or the respective region of higher pressure, and thus an outflow direction for the fluids in the direction of the edge regions of the cross section of the compression chamber 11 specified. Thus, it is prevented that fluid amounts z. B. have been forced out of the starting area, in other cross-sectional areas of the heap 2 accumulate, but can no longer flow away from there by the pressure conditions. Due to the staggered pressure curve within the cross section of the heap 2 due to the pressure on the pile 2 between press punches 5 and cover 3 a pressure gradient and a flow direction for the displaced fluid following this pressure gradient are produced as it were.

This targeted displacement can naturally be configured differently. Preference is given to a successive displacement of the fluid starting in the middle region of the heap 2 towards the edges to the outside. Such a displacement can be achieved, for example, by a fundamentally conically bulged shape of the hewerside end face of the press ram 5 reach like this in the 5a to 5d is shown schematically. Here, symmetrical to the central axis of the typically round ram 5 , a conical shape 9 formed having a flat central area 10 can have. Will now the press stamp 5 in pressing direction 4 relative to the cover member 3 moved, so form below the conical-flat face of the ram 5 Zones of different residual portions of the fluid in the matrix of the condensing material of the heap 2 out. These different proportions are in the 5 by isobaric lines of zones of equal percentage purity of the material of the heap 2 indicated (95% means that still 5% residual fluid in the amount of material of the heap 2 remained in this area). As you can see from the increasing compression (starting from 5a up to the highest pressure in 5d ) can escape escape in the illustrated conical design of the end face of the press ram 5 the fluid fractions the area of the center axis of the punch 5 first outwards and downwards, then further outwards to a state of compacted compact almost completely free of fluid residues 2 in 5d ,

It is of course conceivable other than a conical design of the end face of the press ram 5 to provide, for. B. a convex bulging shape or even one over the entire face unilaterally bevelled shape, in which the compaction begins in an edge region and extends continuously towards the opposite edge region.

Also, it is conceivable, as in 7 indicated schematically, not only the end face of the press ram 5 to form such bulging, but also the Pressling 2 facing end face of the cover 3 to profile. In the 7 is only given by way of example that the end face of the cover 3 opposite to the face of the press ram 5 is conically profiled and a conical area 9 ' with a flat central area 10 ' having. As a result, the pressure conditions in the condensing heap 2 positively influenced and the fluid can be faster and safer outside of the compact 2 be displaced. For this purpose, the front side of the press die 6 according to the shape of the cover 3 be adjusted so that there is no air between the compact 2 and the press die 6 is included.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

extruder

2

Heap or compact

3

cover

4

pressing direction

5

Press punches or pressure disc

6

stamper

7

profile

8th

die opening

9, 9 '

conical section press die or cover element

10, 10 '

level center area press die or cover element

11

compression chamber

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009040491 A1 [0005]
• DE 20210144 U1 [0005]
• US 2391752 [0007, 0008, 0010]

Claims (20)

Apparatus for the production of non-porous profiles from separating residues by extrusion, comprising an extruder ( 1 ) with a compression chamber ( 11 ) from a press stamp ( 5 ), a press die ( 6 ) and a recipient into which a heap ( 2 ) consisting of separating residues of separating production process or the like. As chips or residual materials can be filled, characterized in that between press die ( 6 ) and compression chamber ( 11 ), the compression chamber ( 11 ) a sealing element on the press die side sealingly ( 3 ) can be arranged, against which the punch ( 5 ) the heap ( 2 ) from separating residues to a compact ( 2 ) and in the compression chamber ( 11 ) and in the heap ( 2 ) remaining fluid inclusions directed, after which the cover ( 3 ) and the compressed compact ( 2 ) through the press die ( 6 ) can be pushed through as a profile cross-section. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover element ( 3 ) formed substantially disc-shaped and between compression chamber ( 11 ) and press die ( 6 ), preferably can be pivoted or inserted. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the press ram ( 5 ) has a shape in its press-die-side end region, by which a locally different pressure distribution in the heap ( 2 ) is adjustable. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the press-die-side end region of the press ram ( 5 ) is designed such that in the region of the longitudinal axis of the compression chamber ( 11 ) and thus the heap ( 2 ) first higher pressures in the heap ( 2 ) arise. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the press-die-side end region of the press ram ( 5 ) in the region of its axis of symmetry in the direction of the pressing die ( 6 ), preferably at least partially conical or convex or the like. Is formed. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the press-die-side end region of the press ram ( 5 ) is designed such that in a partial region of the cross section of the compression chamber ( 11 ) and thus the heap ( 2 ) first higher pressures in the heap ( 2 ), after which this region of higher pressures is set with the setting of an expulsion direction for the material in the heap ( 2 ) remaining fluid inclusions successively progressively the entire cross-section of the compact ( 2 ) detected. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substantially disc-shaped cover element ( 3 ) on his the punch ( 5 ) facing end face has a shape such that in a partial region of the cross section of the compression chamber ( 11 ), preferably in the region of its axis of symmetry, and thus of the heap ( 2 ) first higher pressures in the heap ( 2 ) arise. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frontal shaping of cover ( 3 ) and / or press punches ( 5 ) is formed such that fluid inclusions in the heap ( 2 ) directed at the increasing compression, preferably radially outward from the heap ( 2 ) are driven out. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heating device is provided, with which the pre-compacted debris ( 2 ) and under the action of the press ram ( 5 ), preferably isostatically to the compact ( 2 ) can be pressed. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of the compression chamber ( 11 ) in the flow direction of the directionally expelled fluid inclusions in the heap ( 2 ) and / or the compact ( 2 ) Openings or channels or the like are arranged, through which the expelled fluid inclusions from the compression chamber ( 11 ) can escape. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of the compression chamber ( 11 ) is adjustable relative to the ambient pressure lower pressure, by the fluid inclusions in the heap ( 2 ) and / or the compact ( 2 ) are removable during the pressing process. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shearing device of the extruder ( 1 ) for separating press residues an additional cover element ( 3 ) and / or as a cover element ( 3 ) is formed and this cover ( 3 ) in the area between the compression chamber ( 11 ) and press die ( 6 ) is movable. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the cover element ( 3 ) mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically between the compression chamber ( 11 ) and press die ( 6 ) is movable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover element ( 3 ) during the pressing process on the pressing die ( 6 ) against the pressure of the ram ( 5 ) is supported. Process for the production of non-porous profiles from separating residues by means of extrusion molding, wherein in an extrusion press ( 1 ) in a compression chamber ( 11 ) from a Pressstempe ( 5 ), a press die ( 6 ) and a recipient a heap ( 2 ) consisting of separation residues of separating production process or the like. As chips or residual materials is filled, characterized in that the heap ( 2 ) from separation residues of separating production processes in the compression chamber ( 11 ) between press die ( 6 ) and one the compression chamber ( 11 ) Pressmatrizenseitig sealing cover member ( 3 ) under heating from the press die ( 5 ) increasingly becoming a compact ( 2 ) and the compact ( 2 ) is then kept for a predeterminable period of time under constant hydrostatic pressure, whereby in the heap ( 2 ) and / or compact ( 2 ) are directed fluid inclusions directed and largely completely expelled, and immediately thereafter the cover ( 3 ) and the compact ( 2 ) through the press die ( 6 ) to an extruded profile ( 7 ) is pushed through. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the heap ( 2 ) consisting of separation residues of separating production process or the like. As chips or residual materials in precompacted form with limited degree of compression of the compression chamber ( 11 ) of the extruder ( 1 ) is supplied. Method according to one of the claims 15 or 16, characterized in that in the heap ( 2 ) remaining fluid inclusions through the shaping of ram ( 5 ) and / or cover element ( 3 ), preferably radially outward, from the heap ( 2 ) and / or the compact ( 2 ) and discharged from the compression chamber ( 11 ) are removed. Method according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the heap ( 2 ) is increasingly reduced in compacting and expelling the fluid inclusions in its volume and the compact ( 2 ) is compressed. Method according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the compact ( 2 ) compressed during compression and expulsion of the fluid inclusions under heat, preferably similar to the hot isostatic pressing over a holding period at constant temperature, preferably at the necessary temperature for extruding is pressed. Method according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the compression and expulsion of the fluid inclusions and the extrusion of the compact ( 2 ) in the same extruder ( 1 ) takes place immediately one after the other in a uniform workflow.

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