WO2008044117A2

WO2008044117A2 - Mechanical perpetual calendar with month display

Info

Publication number: WO2008044117A2
Application number: PCT/IB2007/002975
Authority: WO
Inventors: Francis Cretin
Original assignee: Richemont International Sa
Priority date: 2006-10-13
Filing date: 2007-10-08
Publication date: 2008-04-17
Also published as: WO2008044117A3; CH704111B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a mechanical perpetual calendar with month display, including: a) a day number matrix (2) of seven lines and four columns grouping, by groups of seven, the first twenty-eight day numbers of each month in increasing order, each group corresponding to a week of the month, and a fifth column including three openings (3, 4, 5) that correspond to the variable day numbers twenty-nine, thirty and thirty-one; b) means for displaying the variable day numbers (23, 22a) of a determined month and presenting in said locations (3, 4, 5) the last two or three day numbers of said month; and c) a mechanism (11, 13, 12, 28) for controlling the display means of the variable day numbers.

Description

Mechanical perpetual calendar with monthly display

The present invention relates to displays of perpetual mechanical calendar for viewing the current month as a calendar page, that is to say indicating the dates corresponding to a month envisaged and their correspondence with the name. days for this month and this for a significant number of years. This display may also include a display of the current month, the current year and an indication of whether the current year is a leap year or not. Finally, this display may be provided with a display indicating the centuries for which the display is valid given the quadrennial correction of the calendar. In addition, the invention relates to such displays that can be operated by a watch movement and / or one or two manual pushers.

All such date displays of this type, described for example in documents FR 2,344,083; DE 2,020,281; CH 532 274 include calendar grids from 1 to 31 cooperating with a rotating disk with the name of the days and / or the name of the months and the year of the year.

These displays are difficult to read and do not indicate the appropriate number of days of the current month for the months of less than thirty-one days since the date grid contains all the numbers from 1 to 31 constantly visible. Moreover these calendars are not perpetual since they can not indicate the name of the days of the dates of a given month that during the best few years, frequently less than four years.

The object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical perpetual calendar display which, by month, indicates the number of days corresponding and the name of the days corresponding to the calendar of the month in question and this for a period of time greater than ten years at least while avoiding the disadvantages of reading including existing displays. The present invention relates to a monthly mechanical perpetual calendar comprising the features listed in claim 1 as well as embodiments corresponding to the features of the dependent claims. The attached drawing illustrates schematically and by way of example embodiments of a monthly mechanical perpetual calendar according to the invention.

Figure 1 is a plan view of the monthly mechanical perpetual calendar in a first embodiment. Figure 2 is a top view of the perpetual calendar of Figure 1, the dial having been removed.

Figure 3 is a top view of the perpetual calendar of Figure 1, the dial, and the disc of the days having been removed.

Figure 3a is a view similar to Figure 3 but the mechanism displays the month of March and no longer the month of February.

Figure 4 is a bottom view of the perpetual calendar of Figure 1.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the disk of the perpetual calendar control mechanism of FIG. 1.

Figure 6 is an exploded view of the disk of the control mechanism. FIG. 7 is a diametral section of the control member 11, 13 and the guide 36 of the perpetual calendar of FIG. 1.

Fig. 8 is a top plan view of the disk of the control mechanism.

Figure 9 is a bottom view of the disk of the control mechanism.

Figure 10 is a detail of the disk of the control mechanism.

Figure 11 is a bottom perspective view of the control mechanism disk and display of the vintage of the year. FIG. 12 is a plan view of a variant of the monthly mechanical perpetual calendar in which the display of the name of the days is aligned on each line of the date matrix.

Figure 13 is a top view of the perpetual calendar shown in Figure 12, the dial and date matrix having been removed to show the display of the name of the days and a part of its control mechanism.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view from below of the mechanism for displaying the name of the days of the perpetual calendar illustrated in FIG. 12.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view from above showing the disk of the perpetual calendar control mechanism illustrated in FIG. 12 and the driving wheel of the day name display mechanism.

FIG. 16 illustrates from below the control disc, the day name display mechanism and the manual push mechanism of the perpetual calendar control disc illustrated in FIG. detail of the mechanism for displaying the name of the perpetual calendar days shown in Figure 12.

Figure 18 is a bottom perspective view of the detail shown in Figure 17.

Figure 1 illustrates in plan the visible face of the dial 1 of the monthly mechanical perpetual calendar in a first embodiment of the invention. This dial 1 comprises the fixed elements of the various displays of the perpetual calendar. First, a grid or matrix 2 of the calendars having seven rows and four columns or four rows and seven columns comprising, in ascending order, the numbers one to twenty-eight corresponding to the twenty-eight first calendars being found in every month of the year, even of the leap year. The calendars are grouped in groups of seven corresponding to the weeks of a month. This date matrix 2 further comprises an additional column or an additional line comprising three locations 3, 4, 5, each formed by a window in the dial 1 in the illustrated example, in which can be displayed one or more of the three variable dates twenty-nine, thirty and thirty-one that may comprise a given month. This matrix 2, 3, 4, 5 thus makes it possible to represent or visualize the dates of every day of any month comprising from twenty-eight to thirty-one days.

This matrix of calendars allows for each calendar month to display with their number all the calendar days of the present days in a given month. The user thus visualizes at a glance whether the current month comprises twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty or thirty-one days as on a printed calendar. The dial 1 of the monthly mechanical perpetual calendar still includes the fixed members 6, here in the illustrated example of the counters, a display of the name of the days. Each of these windows 6 is assigned to one of the seven lines, or one of the seven columns in the matrix of dates 2 grouping together the days of the same week. In these windows 6 appear indications of the name of the days corresponding to the dates belonging to the line, respectively column, to which the window corresponds.

The dial 1 further comprises the fixed member, here a window 7, a display of months in which can appear the name of the current month.

The dial 1 also includes the fixed member, here a window 8, a display of the current year to display the last two digits of the year of the current year.

Finally, this dial 1 further comprises the fixed member, here a window 9, a leap year display for viewing whether the current year is leap or not, and the fixed member 73 of a display of century, here a wicket. This mechanical perpetual calendar with monthly display comprises a mechanism controlled from a watch movement and / or one or two manual pushers 41, 42, mechanism driving the display means of the variable date or dates, the mobile organ of the display of the name of the days of the week, the mobile organ of the display of the name of the months, the movable organ of the display of the vintage of the year and the mobile organ of the display of nature, leap or not, of the year, as well as the display organ of the century.

When the mechanism comprises two actuating buttons it is designed so as to be reversible, that is to say, to increment step by step the perpetual calendar from one month to the next with the help of the first pusher 41 and not at a pace of one month to the previous using the second push 42. The mechanism is reversible and allows the drive of the perpetual calendar is forward or backward.

In the embodiment illustrated by way of example, the display of the months comprises a ring of the months 11 movable in rotation bearing on its face located under the dial 1 the names of the months uniformly distributed on its circumference. This ring of months 11 is driven by the control mechanism at a rate of one step per month so that the name of the month appears successively in the window of the month 7 of the dial 1. Each step of the crown of months 11 corresponds to a angular displacement of this 30 °. In the illustrated example, this ring of months 11 is constituted by the outer edge of a disc of months having two levels of different diameters, the upper level, external, 11 bearing the name of the months etched or decaled on its upper face and a lower level of smaller diameter 13.

A crown of incrementation of the days 12 is fixed on the lower level 13 of the disk of the months. This crown of incrementation of the days comprises an internal toothing formed of a succession of group of three teeth and two teeth respectively corresponding to the months of thirty-one days and to the months of thirty days and a zone devoid of teeth corresponding to the months of February normal or leap years. Each of these groups of two or three teeth, as well as the tooth-free zone of this crown of incrementation days, is located in an angular portion not exceeding 30 ° that is to say corresponding to the advancement one step of the crown of the months 11. In the toothless zone of the crown of incrementation of the days 12 is disposed a disc with a tooth 14 pivoted on the lower level 13 of the month disk and secured to a first Maltese cross 15 located on the opposite side of the lower level. 13 months disc. This Maltese cross 15 is, as will be seen below, driven by a quarter of a turn per year so that the tooth of the disc with a tooth 14 is located in the toothless zone of the crown of incrementation of the days. February of the leap years, thus forming in this area a group of a tooth for the leap years in the internal toothing of the tooth gear of incrementation of the days 12, the single tooth of the disc with a tooth 14 being at the same level and in the extension of the toothing of the crown gear of incrementation of days 12.

The internal toothing of the ring gear of incrementation days 12 comprising groups of two and three teeth and a zone having one or zero tooth if the year is leap or not meshes with a star 16, integral with a wheel 17 engaged with the pinion of a first reference 18 whose wheel meshes with the pinion of a second reference 19 whose wheel is engaged with a ring gear 20 secured to a disc of days 21. This disc 21 days performs a complete rotation in seven steps of different angular amplitude, determined by the number of teeth of the groups of teeth of the internal toothing of the crown of incrementation days 12.

This 21-day disc is pivoted under the dial 1 concentrically to the disc of the months 11, 13 and its upper surface is substantially at the level of the crown of the months 11, the periphery of this disc of the days adjoining the inner edge of this crown of the month 11. This disc of the days carries on its upper side seven times the abbreviation of the names of the days of the week distributed in such a way that for each incrementation of a seventh of revolutions of the disc of days the abbreviation of the names of the days of the week corresponding to the dates of the month displayed is aligned with the corresponding windows 6 of the dial 1. The kinematic linkage 16, 17, 18, 19 connecting the crown of incrementation of the days 12 to the ring gear 20 integral with the disk 21 days is such that for each step of 30 ° of the crown of incrementation days 12 corresponding to an area thereof where its internal toothing has at least one tooth, the disk days takes a step of variable angular extent depending on the month, but such as the names of the days of the week appearing in the windows 6 of the dial 1 correspond to the calendar of the month displayed in the window 7 of the dial 1.

In the illustrated example the abbreviation of the name of the days of the week is arranged in seven distinct groups on the upper face of the disc of days 21. Each abbreviation group of the name of the days has seven abbreviations, the abbreviation of the name of the one day of the week appearing twice and the abbreviation of another name of days of the week being absent from the group. Each abbreviation group of the name of the days of the week is different from the others in that the redoubled day and the missed day are different from one group to another. The angular orientation of the abbreviations of the name of the days is such that the seven different abbreviations appearing simultaneously in the windows 6 are all oriented in the same way. The example shown of the affixing of the abbreviations of the name of the days of the week on the disc of the days is only one example among many possibilities.

It should be noted that in normal years the disk of days 21 performs an angular displacement per month, of different angular value corresponding to the number of days of the month, and remains motionless between the month of February and the month of March because the month of February having twenty Eight days, the first of February and the first of March are the same day of the week, between the month of March and the month of April the disc of days 21 is driven three steps by the group of three teeth corresponding to the month of march of the crown of incrementation of days 12, since the month of March having thirty one days, three more than the month of February, the name of the days corresponding to a row of the matrix of date 2 must be moved three days. For example, in 2006, the first of February and the first of March were a Wednesday, the first of April 2006 was a Saturday. And so on the disc of the days is moved between each month of two or three steps following the number of days of the months of April to February. The leap years, the finger of the disc with a finger 14 being in the active position the disc of days is moved a step between February and March.

The distribution of the name of the days on the disc of the days depends on the position of the counters 6 on the dial 1 and the amplitude of the angular displacement by steps of the disc of the days, (360 ° divided by 7). The correlation between the position of the counters 6 on the dial and the abbreviations of the name of the days on the disc of the days is such that for a step of the disc of days 21, which makes a complete revolution in seven steps, the abbreviation of the name the days appearing in the window 6 opposite the rows of the date matrix 2 go to the abbreviation of the following day. Since the date matrix 2 has seven lines, twenty-eight days corresponding to the seven days of a week and representing the first twenty-eight calendar days of a month, it is necessary for the indication of the day of the week to be correct. , when moving to the next month, increment the disc of the days of three not the months of thirty-one days, two not the months of thirty days, one step the months of twenty-nine days and zero not the months of twenty-eight days. This is achieved thanks to the crown of incrementation of the days 12 which includes a group of 0 to 1 tooth corresponding to the months of February of the normal or leap years and groups of 2 or 3 teeth corresponding to the months of thirty and thirty-one days. Each group of teeth of this crown of incrementation of the days 12, corresponding to a given month, causes, during the rotation of a twelfth of a turn at the end of the month of the disc of months 11, the disc of the days 21 of zero, a , two or three steps, according to the number of teeth of the group of teeth in action of the crown of incrementation of the days. Thus, the display of the name of the day in the window 6 is always correct when changing from one month to the next of the display. Under the dial 1 is a fixed plate 22, integral with the dial having a central recess and a display zone 22a located under the three locations 3, 4, 5 of the matrix 2 for the display of the variable date. On this display area, the dates of the twenty-nine, thirty-first and thirty-first days of a month are affixed. This display zone 22a is part of the variable date display means as well as a rocker shutter 23 pivoted at 24, comprising at one of its ends an actuating probe 25 and at its other end a pallet shutter 26. This rocker shutter 23 is subjected to the action of a return spring 27 tending to maintain this shutter in the inactive position for which the variable dates twenty-nine, thirty and thirty-one are visible through the openings of slots 3, 4, 5 of the date matrix 2.

The disc of the months 11, 13 further comprises a cam end of month 28 controlling the shutter 23. This end of the month cam 28 is fixed on the disc months at a certain distance above the ring gear 12 of incrementation of the days and concentrically to the latter. The inner edge of this end-of-month annular cam 28 has first portions 29 on a large diameter and second portions 30 on a smaller diameter. The first portions 29 situated on a large diameter correspond to the months of thirty-one days while the second portions 30 situated on a smaller diameter correspond to the months of thirty days. Between the first portions 29 of the cam 28 corresponding to the months of January and March, there is an area where the cam 28 is interrupted and replaced by a face of a secondary cam 31 rotatably mounted on the disc of the months 11, 13. This rotating secondary cam 31 has three faces 32 which, when oriented towards the center of the end of month cam, are located on a radius smaller than the second portions 30 of the end of month cam corresponding to the month of thirty days. The fourth face, the leap face 33 of this rotating secondary cam 31 is located when it is directed towards the center of the end of month cam 28, on a diameter of a value between that of the diameter on which the faces 32 of this secondary cam 31 are located when they are in the active position directed towards the center of the cam for the purposes of month 28 and that of the diameter on which the second portions 30 of the end of month cam are located.

The probe 25 of the rocker shutter 23 is held by its return spring 27 against the inner edge of the end of month cam 28. When the probe 25 of the shutter 23 is in contact with a first portion 29 of the end of month cam 28, the shutter pallet thereof disengages the entire display surface 22a variable date and the numbers twenty-nine, thirty and thirty-one appear in the matrix of dates 2 through locations 3, 4, 5. When the probe 23 of the rocker shutter 23 is applied against the second portions 30 of the end of month cam 28, the shutter pallet 26 closes the position 5 of the matrix and only the twenty-nine and thirty variable date numbers are visible. This position corresponds to the months of thirty days.

The rotating secondary cam 31 is integral with a second Maltese cross 34 driven, as will be seen later, at a rate of a quarter turn per year. When the probe 25 of the rocker shutter 23 is applied against one of the faces 32 of the secondary cam 31 its pallet closes the locations 3, 4 and 5 of the date matrix 2 and this corresponds to the months of February of twenty - eight days of a normal year. When against the probe 25 of the shutter 23 is applied against the leap face 33 of the secondary cam 31 only slots 4 and 5 of the die 2 are closed and this corresponds to a month of February of twenty-nine days of a leap year.

The assembly formed by the disc of the months 11, 13, the incrementing ring gear of the days 12 and the end of month cam 28 is secured to a driving ring gear 35. This rotary assembly is mounted between the plate 22 and a fixed guide 36, and constitutes the control member of the control mechanism.

This fixed guide 36 has a circular portion of large diameter extending over about 300 ° and a smaller diameter drive zone 37 extending over about 60 °. The large diameter portion of this fixed guide 36 has in its face facing the dial 1 a groove 38 for receiving and guiding columns 39, 40 that comprise the first 15 and second 34 Maltese crosses. Each of the Maltese crosses 15, 34 comprises in fact four columns 39 and 40 respectively. Two of these columns of each Maltese cross are engaged in the groove 38 of the fixed guide 36 so that during their angular displacements with the disk of the months 11, 13 the Maltese crosses are held in position, as well as the disk with a tooth 14 and the secondary cam 31 along about 300 ° of this portion of the fixed guide 36, which avoids any inadvertent disturbance of the mechanism. When the Maltese crosses 14, 34 arrive in the drive zone 37 of the fixed guide 36, their columns emerge from the groove 36. From this moment the Maltese crosses are indexed in the traditional way by their side coming into contact with the slice. 39 of the part 37 of the fixed guide 36. This part 37 of the fixed guide 36 further comprises a drive finger 40 cooperating successively with the notches of the Maltese crosses 15, 34 to make them perform a quarter turn thus positioning the disc. a tooth 14 and the secondary cam 31 in the position corresponding to the following year. The drive zone 37 of the fixed guide is positioned so that the one-tooth disk 14 and the secondary cam 31 have exceeded the positions they occupy for the month of February of each year, the only month during the year. where his organs have a function.

The assembly comprising the driving ring gear 35, the month disc 11, 13, the ring gear increment days 12 and the end of month cam 28 is rotated step by step, in steps of 30 ° , twelve steps for a complete turn, either manually from pushers, or automatically from a watch movement.

In the example illustrated in the drawing is the manual drive by pushers is shown. This manual drive comprises two pushers 41, 42 for the stepwise drive of the drive ring gear 35, either in one direction or the other.

The pusher 41 actuates a rocker 43 pivoted at 44 and having an integrated spring 45 resting on a pin 46 of the plate 22. The rocker 43 carries a pivoting ratchet 47 cooperating with a wolf wheel 48. This toothed wheel wolf 48 is integral with a star 49 and a toothed wheel 50. The star 49 cooperates with a jumper 51, while the toothed wheel 50 is engaged with the pinion 52 of a drive wheel whose wheel 53 is engaged with the drive ring gear 35. This kinematic connection allows for each actuation of the pusher 41 to rotate the drive ring 35 by 30 ° or a twelfth turn. Between the actuations of the pusher the angular position of the driving ring 35 is maintained by the jumper 51.

The pusher 42 actuates the ring gear 35 in the opposite direction with the aid of an identical kinematic connection. An oscillating pawl 54, pivoted on the plate 22, cooperates with arms 55 that include the latches 43 and prohibits the two pushers 41, 42 are actuated simultaneously.

The pusher 41 makes it possible to advance step by step a value corresponding to one month the disk of the months 11, 13, ie steps of 30 °, in the increasing direction of the months. The pusher 42 enables the rotation of the disk of the months in reverse order to move from month to month in a retrograde manner the perpetual calendar with monthly display.

The perpetual calendar with monthly display still includes a display of the current year's vintage including the window 8 practiced in the dial and two disks, comprising, uniformly distributed on their periphery, the numbers 0 to 9 rotatably mounted on the plate 22 so that their peripheries are tangent and that two figures side by side each carried by one of the disks are simultaneously visible in the window 8. One of the disks, the disk 60 is a disk of the units, the other disk, a disk of the tens 61. The disk of the units is integral with a wheel of the units 62 meshing with a wheel of the years 63 integral with a pinion 64 years to four teeth and a jumping star 65 cooperating with the jumper 66. The pinion of the 64 years is on the path of a finger of the 59 years of the control disk formed by the disc of the months 11, 13. When this finger of the years 59 drives with a step the pinion of the years 64, the kinematic connection formed by the wheel of the years 63 and the wheel of the units 62 drives the disc of the units of a tenth of a turn replacing the number of units visible in the window 8 of the dial 1 by the next or preceding digit according to the direction of rotation of the control disc 11, 13. The wheel units 62 is integral with a drive wheel dozens

67 comprising a tooth 68 meshing with a tens wheel 69 comprising ten integral teeth of the tens disk 61. A jumper of the tens 70 maintains the angular position of the disk of the tens 61 in its position between two actuations by the tooth 68 of the wheel units 67. As can be seen from the preceding month display, the display of the name of the dates, the display of the variable date and the display of the year are controlled by a control mechanism whose heart is the control member formed by the disc of months 11, 13, its drive ring 35, the ring gear incrementation days 12 and the end of month cam 28. In the illustrated example the perpetual mechanical calendar to monthly display still includes a display of leap years or non-leap years consists of a disc of the cycle of years 71 carrying, distributed on its upper face, the indications 1. 2. 3 and 4 or B, one of which is visible at the tr obverse display window 9 practiced in the dial 1. This record of leap years 71 is carried by the pinion 64 years and thus performs a quarter turn per year.

In the example illustrated, the perpetual calendar still includes a display of the current century, formed by a window 73 of the dial 1 and a disc of the centuries 74 driven at a rate of one step per century and performing a turn in four hundred years . This disc has a green zone and a red zone on its upper face cooperating with the wicket of the century 73. This disc of the centuries 74 is integral with a Maltese cross 75 driven by the tooth of a wheel having a single tooth 76 integral of the tens disk 61 and the tens wheel 69, between the digit 9 and the digit 0 of this disk. In order for the calendar to be fair, one must add a day to the year every four hundred years. This century display shows a green zone in box 73 as long as the display of the perpetual calendar is right. The red zone of the century disk appears in the window 73 indicating that the secular correction must be made by advancing the disc 21 days without changing the angular position of the control member 11, 13, 12, 28. A At this moment, every hundred years, we must also change the disc of the seventies to modify the arrangement of the red and green areas of this disc except every four hundred years or the system is set for two successive centuries. This control mechanism further comprises the kinematic connection connecting the driving ring gear 35 of the control member to the pushers 41 and 42, the Maltese crosses 15, 34 respectively actuating the disk with a tooth 14 and the secondary cam 31, and the fixed guide 36, the kinematic link connecting the incrementing ring gear of the days 12 to the disc of the days 21 and the kinematic connection allowing the drive of the disks 60, 61 of the vintage by the finger 59 years of the crown of the months 11, 13 as well as the kinematic connection driving the disc of the centuries.

It is interesting to note that the locking of the angular position of the Maltese crosses 15, 34 between their rotational actuation carried out by the columns 39, 40 sliding in the groove 38 of the guide 36 avoids any jamming although these Maltese crosses must withstand significant torque, especially when the single-toothed disc 14 drives the disc 21 days.

The operation of the monthly mechanical perpetual calendar described above will be briefly explained below for a better understanding of the invention.

Let's say that the display of the monthly mechanical perpetual calendar is in the state shown in Figure 1, ie in February 2006.

The month of February is in the window 7 of the display of the current month. The digits 06 are part of the window displaying the vintage of the current year.

The abbreviation MER for Wednesday is in the window 6 of the display of the name of the days which is opposite the dates 1, 8, 15, 22 which are Wednesdays of this month of February 2006, and which are regrouped in the first line of the date matrix 2.

Simultaneously, the indication GAME for Thursday is displayed in the window 6 corresponding to the second line of the matrix of dates 2 which groups dates 2, 9, 16, 23 which are Thursdays for this month of February 2006.

The same is true of the abbreviations VEN, SAM, DIM, MON, MAR and MER indicating the name of the days, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday which appear respectively in the windows 6 corresponding to the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and first lines of the date matrix 2.

For this month of February 2006 the crown of the months 11, the disk of the days 21, the shutter 23 and the disks 60, 61 of the display of the vintage are in the position illustrated in FIG. 2. It is noted that the abbreviations of the name of the days MER, GAME, VEN, SAM, DIM, MON, MAR are horizontal and in front of corresponding wickets 6 going from the first to the seventh line of the date matrix 2, as seen in Figure 2. The shutter 23 occupies a position occultant the three variable date 29, 30, 31 since the month of February 2006 is only twenty-eight days.

FIG. 3 clearly shows that for this month of February 2006, which is a non-leap year, the probe 25 of the shutter 23 is in support against one of the faces 32 of the secondary cam 31 which positions the shutter pallet 26 in a position for hiding the indications 29, 30 and 31 of the variable dates carried by the face 22a of the display area of the plate 22 located under the locations 3, 4, 5 of the date matrix 2.

To pass from February 2006 to March 2006, the user makes a pressure to make on the pusher 41 causing a rotation of the control member 11, 13, 12, 28 of 30 °, the indication MARS scope by the disk of the months 11 is placed in the window of the months 7 as we see in Figure 3a. The end of month cam 28 has also rotated 30 ° and the probe 25 of the shutter 23 bears on a first large-diameter portion 29 of the end-of-month cam 28 which positions the pallet. shutter 26 outside the display area 22a of the plate 22 showing the numbers 29, 31 31 in the corresponding locations 3, 4, 5 of the date matrix 2, the month of March having thirty-one days.

At the same time, the disc of the days 21 is not rotated by the crown of incrementation of the days 12 by the kinematic connection 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, since the pinion 16 of this kinematic link is in the place of the crown of incrementation of days 12 which has no tooth. This is quite right, the month of February having twenty-eight days, the first of March will be also a Wednesday as it was the case for the first of February. The vintage display of the year has not changed.

By pressing again on the pusher 41 the user advances the operating member 11, 13, 12, 28 by a new step of 30 °. The indication APRIL of the disc of the months 11 is placed in the window 7 of the display of the months. The end of month cam 28 has also rotated by a step of 30 ° and the probe 25 of the shutter 23 comes into contact with a second portion 30 of this cam ends month 28 corresponding to the months of thirty days. The shutter pallet 26 will then be in a position such that it will only obscure the location 5 of the date matrix 2. Thus, only the dates 29 and 30 will appear in the corresponding locations 3, 4 of the date matrix. is the number of days in April.

At the same time, the crown of incrementation of the days 12 will have made a rotation of 30 ° and a group of three teeth of this crown will cause the disc of the days 21 to move three times by the kinematic linkage 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, which will have effect of placing the abbreviation SAM in the window 6 corresponding to the first line of the date matrix and the indications DIM, MON, MAR, MER, GAME, VEN in the window corresponding to the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh row of this date matrix 2.

Thus, the display will continue to evolve from month to month, the shutter 23 being positioned by the end of month cam 28 and the day disc 21 incremented by the number of steps desired by the groups of teeth, two or three teeth , of the crown of incrementation of days 12. During the year, after the passage of the month of February, the crosses of Malta

15, 34 will be indexed by one step so that for the month of February of a leap year the tooth of the disk with a tooth 14 is active and the leap face 33 of the secondary cam 31 is also active. Thus one will be able to display the 29th day of the month of February leap and increment with one step the disc of the days 21 of a step to pass from a February of leap February to the following March.

Finally, during the rotation of 30 ° of the control member corresponding to the passage from December to January of the following year the finger of the years 59 of this control disk drives one step the disk units 60. All ten years the disk of the units 60 will step by one the dozens 61 disc. In this way the last two digits of the current year's vintage appear in the window 8 of the display of the year.

The leap year display will be incremented by one step each year and will display 1, 2, 3 or B depending on whether the new year will be the first, second, third year of a four-year cycle or a leap year.

Every hundred years the disc of the century 74 will be incremented by one step by the disk of the tens 61. As soon as this display turns red, the user knows that the monthly perpetual calendar is no longer just what happens every hundred years. The control mechanism is built so that it can work in both directions and is reversible. The user can increment the monthly display using the pusher 41 and demote this display using the pusher 42. The pawl 54 prevents simultaneous action of the two pushers 41, 42 to prevent jamming of the control mechanism. In a variant of the monthly mechanical perpetual calendar, the incrementation step by step of the control member 11, 13, 12, 28 can be obtained by means of a clockwork movement whose power take-off, actuated each month at the change of month, would cause the driving ring gear 35 of the control member 30 °. It is obvious that the perpetual calendar may comprise a drive, either by the pushers 41, 42, or by a clockwork movement or by the two combined means.

In one variant, the disc of the days 21 may be replaced by a seven-sided day drum bearing on each of its faces the name of the days of a week, but shifted by one day from one face to the next . This drum is rotatably mounted on an axis parallel to one of the columns of the matrix of the date under the dial 1. The dial has seven windows each aligned on a line of this matrix. The axis of rotation of the drum of the days is aligned with the axis of the window column of the name of the days. These counters can be arranged on one side or the other of the date matrix or between two columns thereof.

The drum of the days is driven in angular displacements of variable amplitude, therefore of a variable number of steps, at the end of each month as it is the case for the disk of days 21. The same drive mechanism can be used, an angle gear replacing the ring gear 20. Thus the axis of the drum days is driven from the crown of incrementation days 28 via the kinematic connection 16,17,18,19 , 20 and a bevel gear. In the variant illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 18, constituting a preferred embodiment of the perpetual calendar with monthly display according to the invention, the display of the name of the days of the week is done in one or more of the counters 6a of the dial 1 so that the names of the days are aligned each on one of the seven lines, respectively seven columns of the date matrix 2 grouping the calendar days of one week and also aligned on each other. Thus, the display of the name of the day of the week is grouped in a line or column adjacent to one side of the date matrix 2, which facilitates the reading of this information.

As can be seen in FIG. 12, the dial 1 of this embodiment of the perpetual calendar comprising the fixed elements of the various displays comprises a matrix 2 of fixed dates 1 to 28 distributed in seven rows and four columns, three windows 3, 4,5 in which appear the date variable of the months 29, 30 and 31 according to the number of days of the displayed month and a counter 7 in which the name of the current month is displayed. This dial 1 also includes one or more counters 6a in which is displayed the name of the day of the week in the example shown to the left of the date matrix 2 and aligned vertically on each other so as to form a display column of the name of the day of the week. This dial 1 also comprises, as in the embodiment already described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11, a window 8 in which the current year is displayed, a window 9 in which an indication is displayed as to whether the year current is leap or not and a box 73 in which appears the current century.

In this variant, the displays of the variable date, the month, the year, the fact that the current year is leap year or not and the century and their respective mechanism are identical to what has been described with reference to the figures 1 to 11 and will not be repeated here. The mobile part of the display of the name of the days of the week, illustrated in particular in FIGS. 17, 18, comprises an endless transport chain 80 whose links are formed by platelets 81 milled on its upper face in its anterior and milled half. on its underside in its posterior half. Each plate 81 has a hole in its anterior part and a hole in its posterior part. An axis 82 is riveted or welded in the bore made in the front part of each plate 81. This shaft 82 passes loosely through the bore made in the rear portion of an adjacent plate 81. Thus, step by step, we realize a closed chain on itself. A roller 83 is threaded on each axis and the end of each axis 82 is welded or riveted to an upper plate or flap 84 whose upper face includes an indication of a day of the week. The endless transport chain has twenty-one links, thus twenty-one upper plates carrying in the order three times the indication MON, MAR, MER, GAME, VEN, SAM, DIM corresponding to the days of the week. This endless conveyor chain 80 is engaged with three pinions 85,

86, 87. The pinion 85 is a free pinion pivoted between the plate 22 and a chain support 88. The pinion 86 is a drive sprocket of the chain 80, pivoted between the plate 22 and the chain support 88, the pinion 87 is pivoted on a resilient support 89 fixed on the chain support 88 and serves as tensioner of chain. The distance separating the fixed gear 85 and the drive pinion 86 is such that seven flaps 84 of the chain are located side by side and are situated under the window (s) 6a of the display of the name of the days practiced in the dial 1.

The drive pinion 86 of the endless chain 80 is integral with the axis 90 of a motive wheel comprising, integral with this axis, a driving pinion of months of less than thirty-one days 91, a pinion of training of thirty-one days 92 and an indexing star 93 cooperating with a jumper 94.

In this embodiment, the incrementing crown of days 12 of the first embodiment is replaced by a first upper crown of incrementation days, months of less than thirty-one days 95 having a space housing the disc to a finger 14 and a second lower indexing ring of the days of the months of thirty-one days 96 both secured to the lower portion 13 of the disk months 11, 13.

The first crown of incrementation of the days 95 of the months of less than thirty-one days comprises groups of two teeth 97 located in peripheral zones of this first crown 95 corresponding to the months of April, June, September and November.

This first ring 95 has in its peripheral zone corresponding to the month of February a vacuum in which is housed the disc with a finger 14. These groups of two teeth 97 and the tooth of the one tooth disc when in the active position cooperate. with the driving pinion of the months of less than thirty-one days 91 of the motive motor axis 90. Each time a tooth of the disc to a tooth 14 or a group of two teeth 97 cooperates with the pinion training of the months of less than thirty-one days 91, it is driven by a step entailing the endless chain 80 of a step, that is to say replacing the sequence of the names of the days displayed in the or the windows 6a by a new sequence starting with the day following the first day of the previous sequence. The second crown of incrementation of the days 96 of the months of thirty-one days comprises groups of four teeth 98 arranged in inner peripheral sectors of this crown 96 corresponding to the months of January, March, May, July, August, October and December . These groups of four teeth 98 cooperate with the driving pinion of thirty-one days 92 of the motive wheel motor 90 advancing, for each passage of such a group of four teeth 98, the endless chain 80 of three steps.

Between its actuation the endless chain 80 is held in a stable angular position by the jumper 94 cooperating with the indexing star 93 of the motor, 86, 91, 92, 93 axis 90.

Thus by angularly moving each month the control member 11, 13, 14, 28, 95, 96 of an angular value of thirty degrees, it causes the advancement of the transport chain 80 of 0, 1, 2 or 3 not depending on whether the month in question is a month of 31, 30, 29 or 28 days. In this last variant the kinematic connection connecting the pushers 41,

42 to the toothed drive ring (see Figure 16) comprises a buckling spring 99 cooperating during actuation of the corresponding pusher with the end 100 of the latch 43. The user pressing one of the pushers 41, 42 must increase its pressure to cause buckling of the buckling spring which then escapes at the end of the rocker 43. In doing so, the pusher 41, 42 sinks suddenly and ensures that the step incrementing function is performed thoroughly and correctly.

Claims

1. Mechanical perpetual calendar with monthly display, characterized in that it comprises: a. A matrix of the dates (2) of seven rows and four columns or seven columns and four lines grouping in groups of seven the first twenty-four calendar days of each month in ascending order, each group corresponding to one week of one month and one fifth column or line, partial, comprising three locations or openings (3, 4, 5) corresponding to the twenty-nine, thirty-first and thirty-one variable date days following the first twenty-four calendar days; b. display means of the variable date (23, 22a) twenty-nine, thirty and thirty-one of a given month making it possible to show in these locations (3, 4, 5) the one or two or three last calendars of this month; and c. a control mechanism (11, 13, 12, 28; 11, 13, 28, 95, 96) means for displaying the variable date.

2. Perpetual calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a display of the name of the days (6, 21) indicating for a given month the name of the day corresponding to each of the seven rows or seven columns of the matrix. date calendars grouping the corresponding dates on the same day of the week, driven by the control mechanism.

Perpetual calendar according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it still includes a display of the month (7, 11). driven by the control mechanism.

4. Perpetual calendar according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it further comprises a display of the year (8, 60, 61) driven by the control mechanism.

5. Perpetual calendar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it still comprises a leap display

(9, 71) indicating whether the current year is leap year or not, driven by the control mechanism.

6. Perpetual calendar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the display means of the variable date comprise under the locations (3, 4, 5) formed in the dial (1) and forming part of the matrix of dates (2) a fixed surface (22a) bearing the numbers twenty-nine, thirty and thirty-one each being visible through the corresponding location (3, 4, 5).

7. Perpetual calendar according to claim 6, characterized in that the display means of the variable date have a tilting shutter (23) whose end is provided with a shutter pallet (26) can be moved between the dial (1) and the fixed surface (22a) so as to allow the occultation of one, two or three variable date, carried by this fixed surface (22a).

8. Perpetual calendar according to claim 7, characterized in that the other end of the shutter (23) comprises a probe (25) held in contact with a cam end of month (28) forming part of an organ control (11, 13, 12, 28; 11, 13, 28, 95, 96) of the mechanism control.

9. Perpetual calendar according to claim 8, characterized in that the end of month cam (28) has a generally annular shape and has on its inner edge first portions (29) located on a large diameter and corresponding to the months of thirty-one days and second portions (30) located on a smaller diameter corresponding to the month of thirty days, these portions (29, 30) defining the position of the shutter (23).

10. Perpetual calendar according to claim 9, characterized in that in the area of the end of month cam corresponding to the month of February is disposed a secondary cam (31) rotating three (32) of the four side faces correspond to February of twenty-eight days and the fourth leap face (33) to a leap month of twenty-nine days, these faces (32, 33) cooperating with the probe (25) of the shutter (23).

11. Perpetual calendar according to claim 10, characterized in that the secondary cam (31) is integral with a second Maltese cross.

(34) rotated on the disk of the months (11, 13) comprising columns (40) sliding in a groove (38) of a fixed guide (36), this fixed guide having an indexing zone in which it n ' there is no groove (38) but with holding faces (39) and a finger (40) for indexing the Maltese cross (34); and in that this indexing zone of the fixed guide (36) is located in a part of the control mechanism in which the probe (25) of the shutter is not in contact with the secondary cam 31.

Perpetual calendar according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the display of the name of the days (6, 21) comprises wickets (6) in the dial (1) corresponding to each of the seven lines respectively columns of the date matrix (2) grouping the calendar days of a month corresponding to the same day of the week and a day display member (21) rotatably mounted under the dial (1) comprising abbreviations of the name of the days rotatable disc can be brought in correspondence with the windows (6), each window displaying a day name different from others.

13. Perpetual calendar according to claim 12, characterized in that the control member (11, 13, 12, 28) comprises a crown of incrementation days (12) integral with the disc months (11, 13) and the end of month cam (28) having on its inner periphery groups of two respectively three teeth corresponding to thirty and thirty-one days respectively, and a tooth-free area corresponding to the month of February, each of these groups of teeth or tooth-free zone has an angular extent of less than or equal to 30 °.

14. Perpetual calendar according to claim 13, characterized in that the toothing of the crown of incrementation days (12) causes a disc of the days (21) in rotation by a kinematic connection (16, 17, 18, 19 and 20), this disc of days (21) being secured to an internally ring gear (20).

15. Perpetual calendar according to claim 13, characterized in that the toothing of the crown of incrementation days (28) causes a drum of the days in rotation by a kinematic connection (16,17,18,19 and 20) and a bevel gear.

16. Perpetual calendar according to claim 13, characterized in that in the tooth-free zone of the crown of incrementation days (12) is a rotating disc with a tooth (14) integral with a first cross of Malta (15), pivoted on the disk of months (11, 13) comprising columns (39) cooperating with the groove (38) of the fixed guide (36) and indexed with the indexing finger (40) of this fixed guide (36) such that the finger of the toothed disc (14) is in the active position, aligned with the teeth of the internal toothing of the crown of incrementation of days (12) during the month of February of a leap year.

17. Perpetual calendar according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the display of the name of the days (6a, 80) comprises at least one window (6a) in the dial (1) by which or which the The names of the days are aligned next to each other or one below the other and correspond to each of the seven rows respectively seven columns of the date matrix (2) grouping the dates of the same month corresponding to the same day of the week, and a day display member (80) constituted by an endless chain located under the dial (1) comprising at least twenty-one links (81) each secured to a shutter (84) bearing the abbreviation one day of the week, this endless chain being stretched around three pinions (85, 86, 87) of which one (86) is a drive pinion, so that on one of the three sides of the triangle thus formed are lined up side by side seven shutters (84) each carrying the abbreviation one of a different day of the week, these seven shutters (84) being visible in the window (s) (6a) of the dial (1).

18. Perpetual calendar according to claim 17, characterized in that the control member (11, 13, 28, 95, 96) comprises an upper crown of incrementation days (95) integral disc of the months

(11, 13) and the end of month cam (28) having on its inner periphery groups of two teeth (97) corresponding to months of thirty days, and a tooth-free zone corresponding to the month of February each of these groups of two teeth or of the free zone has an angular extent of less than or equal to 30 °.

19. Perpetual calendar according to claim 18, characterized in that the control member (11, 13, 28, 95, 96) further comprises a lower indexing crown days (96) integral with the disk months (11). 13), the end of month crown (28) and the upper indexing ring of days (95), having on its inner periphery groups of four teeth (98) corresponding to months of thirty-one days each of these groups of four teeth (98) having an angular extent of less than 30 °.

20. Perpetual calendar according to claims 18 and 19, characterized in that the teeth (97,98) of the upper crowns (95) and lower (96) of incrementation days cause the endless chain (87) by a mobile motor comprising the driving pinion (86) of the endless chain (80), a driving pinion (91) of months less than thirty-one days, a driving pinion of thirty-one days ( 92) and an indexing star (93) cooperating with a jumper (94).

21. Perpetual calendar according to claim 19, characterized in that in the tooth-free zone of the upper crown of incrementation days (95) is a rotating disk with a tooth (14) integral with a first cross of Malta (15), pivoted on the disk months (11, 13) having columns (39) cooperating with the groove (38) of the fixed guide (36) and indexed with the index finger (40) of this fixed guide (36) so that the finger of the toothed disc (14) is in the active position, aligned with the teeth (97) of the internal toothing of the upper crown of incrementing days (95) to the passage of February of a leap year.

22. perpetual calendar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control member (11, 13, 12, 28) of the control mechanism is integral with a toothed drive ring (35), a first kinematic link (43, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53) connecting this ring to a first pusher (41) allowing stepwise driving, in steps of 30 ° of the control member (11, 13, 12, 28) in a clockwise direction.

23. Perpetual calendar according to claim 22, characterized in that a second kinematic connection (43, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53) connects the toothed drive ring (35) to a second push (42) allowing the stepping stepwise, in steps of 30 ° of the control member (11, 13, 12, 28) in the opposite direction of clockwise.

24. Perpetual calendar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control member (11, 13, 12, 28; 11, 13, 28, 95, 96) is integral with a drive ring. (35) driven step by step of 30 ° per month by a clockwork mechanism.

25. Perpetual calendar according to one of claims 3 to 24, characterized in that the display of the months comprises a window of the months (7) in the dial (1) and a month disk (11) integral with the control member (11, 13, 12, 28; 11, 13, 28, 95, 96) having on its periphery the names of the uniformly distributed months and arranged so as to be able to appear successively in the aperture (7) of the dial (1 ).

26. Perpetual calendar according to one of claims 4 to 25, characterized in that the display of the years comprises a window years (8) in the dial (1), a disk units (60) and a disk of tens (61) pivot under the dial (1) so that their peripheries are tangent at a point centered on the window (8), in that these disks (60, 61) carry uniformly distributed on their peripheries the figures from 0 to 9; in that the disk of the units (60) is integral with a wheel of the units (62) meshing with the wheel of the years (63) of a wheel whose pinion of the years (64) is located on the road of a year finger (59) carried by the periphery of the control member (11, 13, 12, 28; 11, 13, 28, 95, 96).

27. Perpetual calendar according to claims 4 and 26, characterized in that the mobile years (63, 64) comprises a jumping star (65) cooperating with a jumper (66).

28. Perpetual calendar according to claims 4 and 24, characterized in that the disk units (60) is secured to a drive wheel tens to a tooth (67) meshing with a wheel tens (69) solidaire of the tens disk (61), a jumper (70) cooperating with this wheel of tens (69).

29. Perpetual calendar according to claim 28, characterized in that the pinion of the years (64) has four teeth, the mobile years (63, 64) carries a record of leap years (71) cooperating with a window of display leap years (9) practiced in the dial (1).

30. Perpetual calendar according to claims 26, 27, 28 or 29 characterized in that it still comprises a display of centuries comprising a window of the centuries (73) in the dial (1) and a record of centuries (74) led by the tens disk (61) at the rate of one step per hundred years and making a revolution in four hundred years.

31. Perpetual calendar according to claim 30, characterized in that the disc of the centuries (74) has on its upper face areas cooperating with the wicket of the century (73) and indicating whether the display of the date is right or wrong.

32. Mechanical perpetual calendar with monthly display, characterized in that it comprises: a. A matrix of dates (2) of seven rows or seven columns grouped in groups of seven, the first twenty-eight calendar days of each month in ascending order, each group corresponding to a week of one month, and b. a display of the name of the days (6, 21; 60, 80) indicating for a given month the name of the day corresponding to each of the seven rows or seven columns of the date matrix, which group the corresponding dates on the same day of the week.

33. Perpetual calendar according to claim 27, characterized in that the date matrix (2) further comprises a fifth column or line, partial, comprising three locations or openings (3, 4, 5) corresponding to the variable date twenty-nine , thirty and thirty-one and located after the first twenty-eight days; and display means of the variable date (23, 22a), twenty-nine, thirty and thirty-one months of a given month making it possible to show in these locations (3, 4, 5) the last one or two or three this month.

34. Perpetual calendar according to claim 27 or claim 28, characterized in that it comprises a variable date control mechanism and / or the display of the name of the days.

35. perpetual calendar according to one of claims 33 to 35, characterized in that the display of the name of the days (6a, 80) comprises at least one window (6a) in the dial (1) by which or which the The names of the days are aligned next to each other or one below the other and correspond to each of the seven rows respectively seven columns of the date matrix (2) grouping the dates of the same month corresponding to the same day of the week.

36. Perpetual calendar according to claim 35, characterized in that the display of the name of the days (6a, 80) comprises a day display member (80) constituted by an endless chain situated under the dial (1) comprising at least twenty-one links (81) each integral with a flap (84) bearing the abbreviation of a day of the week, this endless chain being stretched around three gears (85, 86, 87), one of which (86) is a drive pinion, so that on one of the three sides of the triangle thus formed are aligned side by side seven flaps ( 84) each bearing the abbreviation of a different day of the week, these seven flaps (84) being visible in the window (s) (6a) of the dial.