WO2008040839A1

WO2008040839A1 - Method for collecting oil from waters and oil combatting vessel

Info

Publication number: WO2008040839A1
Application number: PCT/FI2007/000239
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pauli Immonen
Original assignee: Mobimar Oy
Priority date: 2006-10-03
Filing date: 2007-10-03
Publication date: 2008-04-10
Also published as: FI20070141A0; FI119115B; FI20070141A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for collecting oil from waters (3), in which method a vessel (1) is driven to an oil-polluted location. An oil boom (6) is arranged into the water (3) so that its first fixing point (6a) is in connection with the vessel (1) and the second fixing point (6b) is at a distance from the vessel. Water to be cleaned (32, 33) is steered to the vessel with the aid of the oil boom (6). Oil (2) is collected with a cleaning apparatus (13) from the water (30, 32, 33), which was steered to the vessel. In the method the vessel (1) is fixed substantially in its place in relation to the bottom of the waters. A propulsion equipment (12) arranged in connection with the vessel is used so that it moves the water (3, 30, 32, 33, 34) around the vessel in relation to the vessel (1) and the oil boom (6, 15), which are fixed in their place. The invention also relates to an oil combatting vessel (1), which comprises at least a hull, a propulsion equipment (12) and a cleaning apparatus (13) for separating the oil from the water (3), and at least two fixing means (10, 10') for fixing the vessel to the bottom of the waters (3), of which fixing means the distance between the two fixing means is at least 10 percent of the length of the vessel (1).

Description

METHOD FOR COLLECTING OIL FROM WATERS AND OIL COMBATTING VESSEL

TECHNICAL FIELD RELATING TO THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is a method for collecting oil from waters and an oil combatting vessel according to the preambles of the independent claims presented below.

PRIOR ART

Various solutions are used for collecting oil from the surface of waters. Oil can be collected with various vessels, in the connection of which is arranged a collecting brush or other device suitable for collecting oil from the water surface. Oil floating on the water surface can be outlined using oil booms. In a known manner, oil booms can be pulled with a vessel in such a way that the oil is collected into the area outlined by the booms. From the connection with the booms the oil can be collected for example with collecting brushes or pumps. Oil booms can also be left to float independently on the surface of the waters, whereby the recovery of the oily water depends on in what direction and manner the oily water moves.

In known methods the collector or the vessel is usually moved in relation to the water, wherefore one problem is collecting oil from shallow or stony or otherwise rough waters, for example from the vicinity of shores. Driving the oil- collecting vessel in shallow or stony water is difficult or even impossible, especially when towing oil booms.

If the oil boom is left to float in the waters independently without towing, the problem is that the oil-bearing water very easily moves past the boom. In order for the water to happen upon the area outlined by the booms, one needs besides skill also luck with regards to the movement of the water. PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of this invention to reduce or even completely eliminate above- mentioned problems appearing in the prior art.

It is a particular object of this invention to facilitate oil collecting from water in shallow or rough water, for example in the vicinity of shores.

It is an object of this invention to provide a method, with which the oil-bearing water can be steered and/or limited to the area outlined by the oil booms and made to move towards the collector or the cleaning apparatus better than in the prior art solutions.

In order to realise for instance the above-mentioned objects, the method for collecting oil from waters and the oil combatting vessel according to the invention are characterised by what is presented in the characterising parts of the enclosed independent claims.

The embodiments mentioned in this text relate, where applicable, both to the method for collecting oil from waters and to the oil combatting vessel according to the invention, even though it is not always specifically mentioned.

It has now surprisingly been found that by attaching the oil-collecting vessel and the oil booms in their places and by moving the oil-polluted water in relation to the vessel and the booms, oil can be collected in shallow or rough water remarkably easier than with known methods.

In a typical method according to the invention for collecting oil from waters, - a vessel is driven to an oil-polluted location,

- at least one oil boom is arranged into the water so that its first fixing point is in connection with the vessel and the second fixing point is at a distance from the vessel, - water to be cleaned is steered to the vessel with the aid of said oil boom,

- oil is collected with a cleaning apparatus from the water to be cleaned, which was steered to the vessel.

In the method, typically, - the vessel is fixed substantially in its place in relation to the bottom of the waters, and

- a propulsion equipment arranged in connection with the vessel is used so that it moves the water around the vessel in relation to the vessel and the oil boom, which are fixed in their place.

A typical oil combatting vessel according to the invention comprises at least a hull, a propulsion equipment, a cleaning apparatus for separating the oil from the water, and at least two fixing means for fixing the vessel to the bottom of the waters. Typically the distance between the two fixing means is at least 10 percent of the length of the vessel. According to an embodiment the fixing means is a locking pile and according to another embodiment it is an anchor.

In this application the term waters means for example a sea, lake, river or equivalent. By water to be cleaned is meant that water of the waters, from which it is desired to clean oil, and it is also named simply water. The oil may float on the surface of the water to be cleaned or it may be mixed therein. By cleaned water is meant the water, from which an attempt has been made to recover oil using the cleaning apparatus in connection with the vessel. By an oil-polluted location is meant that area or point in the waters, where oil has got into the water, for example as a consequence of an accident.

By a vessel is meant a watercraft, such as a boat, ship or other equivalent. According to an advantageous embodiment the vessel is large enough for the intended task and carries at least a crew, a propulsion equipment as well as oil booms and cleaning apparatuses. The length of the vessel is for example 5 - 100 m or 10 - 30 m. By an oil boom is meant prior art equipments floating at least partly on the water surface, suited and meant for outlining oil. A typical boom has an elongated shape, a length of e.g. 2 - 800 m or 5 - 200 m, and it has a first end and a second end. By a fixing point of the boom is meant that part of the boom, where the boom is fixed for example to the shore, to the connection with the vessel or in its place in the water. The ends of the boom are generally well suited for use as fixing points. Fixing points can advantageously be arranged also elsewhere than in the end of the boom, for example when a partly or completely closed area is outlined using one or several booms.

By a cleaning apparatus arranged in connection with the vessel is meant for example a collecting brush, a pump or another equivalent device, the purpose of which is to separate oil from water.

By fixing the vessel in its place is meant that the location of the vessel does not usually substantially change, i.e. that the vessel does not substantially move or is not meant to move in relation to the shore. It is clear that the vessel may move some centimetres or metres, for example due to the flexibility of the fixing. For example during the method according to the invention the vessel may move from its fixing location less than 10 or less than 20 metres. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment the vessel does not move from its fixing location by even one metre. The fixing of the vessel may still be arranged so that the vessel can move in the vertical direction in relation to bottom due to the movement of the water.

By fixing in place of the oil boom or its fixing point is meant substantially the same kind of fixing as the fixing in place of the vessel. According to the invention the oil boom does not usually substantially move, and it is not moved, but its location remains unchanged, for example in relation to the shores. It is clear that the oil boom may move for example under the influence of waves or tide in the vertical direction or even in the direction of the surface of the waters, for example within a radius of 1 , 2 or 3 metres from its fixing location. By fixing the fixing point of the oil boom at a distance from the vessel is meant that at least some point, typically the end of the boom, is fixed clearly apart from the vessel. According to an embodiment of the invention the fixing point of the oil boom is fixed at a distance of 5 - 300 metres from the vessel.

By propulsion equipment is meant an equipment meant for moving the vessel, which equipment provides the propulsive force, e.g. a propeller or a water jet. In the present invention the use of the propulsion equipment is meant to move the water around the vessel and at the same time the oil mixed in it or typically floating on it in relation to the vessel and the oil boom, which are fixed in their place.

According to an embodiment of the invention the flow of the water is steered with a rudder or other equivalent means arranged in connection with the vessel. Advantageously the rudder is arranged in connection with the propulsion equipment. By changing the position of the rudder, i.e. by turning the rudder, the flow field of the water can be changed and thus the arrival of the water to be cleaned to the cleaning apparatus can be controlled.

According to an embodiment of the invention the water to be cleaned is moved mainly from the front side of the vessel and the oil boom, possibly also partly from the side towards the vessel. The cleaned water is steered to the rear side of the vessel and the oil boom, possibly also partly to the sides.

According to an embodiment of the invention at least a part of the cleaned water is with the aid of a circulating boom steered back among the water to be cleaned.

According to an embodiment of the invention the method uses the vessel's own propulsion equipment, such as propellers or water jets, which are otherwise meant to be used in the moving of the vessel in the waters in a known manner. This has the advantage that there is no need to arrange separate means in connection with the vessel for moving the water to be cleaned. According to an embodiment of the invention the second fixing point of the oil boom is fixed substantially in its place at a distance from the vessel.

According to an embodiment of the invention the second fixing point of the oil boom, for example one of the ends of the boom, is fixed to the shore on the first side of the vessel, for example on the first flank's side. In an embodiment the boom forms a so-called first branch of the boom between its first and second fixing point.

According to an embodiment of the invention the third fixing point of the oil boom, for example one of the ends of the boom, is fixed substantially in its place at a distance from the vessel, for example on the second flank's side, away from the shore. In an embodiment the boom forms a so-called second branch of the boom between its first and third fixing point.

The boom can be fixed at its second and third fixing point for example to the bottom of the waters with an anchor, or anchored at the shore to a rock, tree or equivalent.

In the method one oil boom can be used so that it runs from the connection with the vessel, for example partly over, under or beside the vessel, and protrudes on both sides of the vessel as a first and second branch. According to another embodiment two separate oil booms are used in the method, and their first fixing points, for example the ends, are arranged in connection with the vessel in accordance with prior art.

According to an embodiment of the invention the vessel is fixed to the bottom of the waters with the aid of fixing means. By fixing the vessel to the bottom, it can be made to remain in its place. There are advantageously 2, 3 or 4 locking piles, but there can also be more of them. By a locking pile is meant an elongated pile-like instrument. According to an embodiment the locking pile is fixed to the hull of the vessel. According to an embodiment the locking pile is a telescope-like instrument, the length of which can be changed and it can thus be made to reach from the vessel to the bottom of the waters, wherein it is meant to be pressed so that the vessel is fixed in its place. The fixing may be flexible under influence of the surface of the sea, especially in the vertical direction, but also in the lateral direction. When the disassembling of the fixing of the vessel is desired, the locking pile is lifted up from the bottom of the waters. According to an embodiment the locking pile functions hydraulically. Advantageously the locking pile has a strong structure and is dimensioned to endure pile tension, the magnitude of which is e.g. the axis power in kilowatts multiplied by 100 - 200 N, which the propulsion device of the vessel can give according to an embodiment.

According to an embodiment of the invention the distance between two fixing means is at least 20 or 30, preferably at least 40 percent of the length of the vessel. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention at least one fixing means is arranged in connection with the prow of the vessel and at least one fixing means is arranged in connection with the aft of the vessel. By a prow of the vessel is meant a part of the vessel, which extends from the prow towards the aft and the length of which in the longitudinal direction of the vessel is for example less than 40, less than 30 or less than 20 percent of the length of the vessel. In a corresponding manner, by an aft of the vessel is meant a part of the vessel, which extends from the aft towards the prow and the length of which in the longitudinal direction of the vessel is for example less than 40, less than 30 or less than 20 percent of the length of the vessel. By arranging the fixing means as far from each other as possible, for example in the aft of the vessel and in the prow of the vessel, the turning force which is directed toward the fixing means is as small as possible, when using a propulsion equipment and/or when controlling the flow of the water by turning the rudder. Advantageously at least one fixing means is arranged in connection with the propulsion equipment or the rudder.

According to an embodiment of the invention the vessel has at least two hulls. This has among others the advantage that the water to be cleaned can be steered to flow through the duct between the hulls of the vessel, in connection with which duct the cleaning apparatus can advantageously be arranged. According to an embodiment the vessel is a trimaran.

According to an embodiment of the invention the vessel has only one hull, whereby the water to be cleaned can be arranged to run for example through a duct in connection with the cleaning apparatus, which is arranged in connection with the vessel.

According to an embodiment of the invention the cleaned water is directed with the aid of a separate circulating boom back among the water to be cleaned, according to an embodiment from behind the vessel back to the front of the vessel, from where it is steered back to the connection with the vessel to be cleaned with the cleaning apparatus. The object is to provide an at least partly rotational movement into the water and circulate the water to improve the cleaning rate. In this way a large part of the surface water in a sea or lake bay can be cleaned without moving the vessel or the oil boom.

According to an embodiment of the invention at least one oil boom is arranged into the water so that a closed area, outlined by the oil boom, is formed, the water to be cleaned on the inside of which area is steered towards the vessel, moved and circulated with the aid of the propulsion equipment arranged in connection with the vessel and cleaned with the cleaning apparatus. The shape and size of the closed area is selected according to the situation. The surface area of the area can be for example 50 - 100000 m², 50 - 1000 m², 1000 - 50000 m² and the diameter of the area can be e.g. 5 - 500 m, 10 - 100 m, 50 - 300 m. Advantageously a rotating movement is produced in the water on the inside of the area, in such a way that the water is carried to be cleaned again.

In an advantageous embodiment oily water is aspirated mainly from the front of the vessel, steered with the aid of the oil boom arrangement to run through the cleaning apparatus arranged in connection with the vessel and cleaned water is pushed to the back of the vessel. The idea of the invention is to keep the vessel and the booms in their places and move the water around them, whereas in the prior art solutions the vessel and the oil booms are moved. As presented above, water can be moved mainly in one direction, e.g. from the front of the vessel to the back, or a rotating movement can be produced in the water, whereby the flow rate increases and the cleaning effect improves.

An advantage of the invention, as defined in the independent claims, is that the vessel and the oil booms do not have to be moved, which facilitates the oil collecting from water in shallow or rough water, for example in the vicinity of shores. Thus the risk of damage to the vessel and equipment is also reduced.

An advantage of the invention is that with its aid oil-bearing water can be steered to the area outlined by the oil booms and to the collecting apparatus arranged in connection with the area better than in most prior art solutions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention is described below in more detail with reference to the enclosed schematic drawing, in which

Figure 1 shows a vessel, which collects oil from waters according to the first embodiment of the invention,

Figure 2 shows a vessel, which collects oil from waters according to the second embodiment of the invention,

Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a vessel, on both sides of which an oil boom has been arranged,

Figure 4 shows an oil combatting vessel and an oil boom, arranged in connection with the vessel in a shape resembling the letter U, Figure 5 shows an oil combatting vessel and an oil boom arrangement in connection with it,

Figure 6 shows and example of an arrangement, where a closed area has been outlined in the waters with the aid of an oil boom, and

Figure 7 shows a vessel, which collects oil from waters according to the third embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLES OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 shows a vessel 1 , which collects oil 2 from waters 3 according to the first embodiment of the invention. The vessel 1 has been driven to a location polluted by oil 2, which in this example is a shallow sea bay, which has stones 4 making the movement of oil combatting vessels difficult. The vessel 1 is fixed in its place in relation to the shore 5 with the aid of a locking pile 10, which is fixed to the vessel. The locking pile 10 has been pushed into the bottom of the waters 3 so that the location of the vessel 1 cannot substantially change. An oil boom 6 divided into two parts has been arranged in the water 3 on separate sides of the vessel 1. The boom 6 is by its first fixing points 6a fixed in connection with the flanks 8, 9 of the vessel 1. The second fixing point 6b of the boom 6 is fixed to the shore 5 at a distance from the vessel, wherefore the boom 6 prevents oil 2 floating on the surface of the water 3 from passing between the vessel 1 and the shore 5. The third fixing point 6c of the boom is arranged obliquely away from the second flank 9 of the vessel and fixed in its place for example with the aid of an anchor.

When the oil boom 6 is arranged in the way presented in Figure 1 out from the flanks 8, 9 of the vessel 1 , the waters 3 can be outlined along a remarkably long range. In the situation in the Figure, where the vessel 1 and the oil boom are fixed in their places, the vessel's propulsion equipment 12 is used in such a way that it pushes water 3 away from the back end of the vessel 1 , in the direction of the arrow 31. The use of a propulsion equipment 12 also causes the water in front and on the sides of the vessel 1 to flow towards the vessel in accordance with the arrows 32, 33. This flow 32, 33 is steered towards the vessel 1 with the aid of a boom 6 arranged according to the Figure. The boom 6 forms an angle, which in the example in the Figure is approximately 140 degrees on the side of the water to be cleaned, i.e. in this example in front of the vessel 1. The water to be cleaned passes through the cleaning apparatus 13 in connection with the vessel 1 according to the arrows 30, whereafter it is allowed to flow to the back of the vessel, according to arrows 31. The cleaning apparatus 13 separates oil from among the water, which oil is stored in containers.

Figure 2 shows a vessel 1 , which collects oil 2 from waters 3 according to the second embodiment of the invention. The location polluted by oil 2 is a shallow and stony waters 3. The vessel 1 of the example is a catamaran and it is fixed to the bottom of the waters 3 with the aid of two locking piles 10. An oil boom 6 is arranged into the water, which oil boom is at its first fixing points 6a fixed to the front parts of the hulls of the vessel 1. The boom 6 protrudes from the front part of the vessel 1 obliquely to the front right and front left, forming an angle, which is less than 180 degrees. The outer ends of the booms are at the second 6b and third 6c fixing points fixed to the bottom. The propulsion equipments 12 of the vessel 1 are used so that the water around the vessel 1 is made to flow away from the back end of the vessel 1 in the direction shown by the arrows 31. The flow produced by the propulsion equipment 12 also causes the water 3 and oil 2 in front of the vessel to move, directed by the oil boom 6, towards the vessel in accordance with the arrows 32. The water to be cleaned 32 flows between the hulls of the catamaran 1 , where the cleaning apparatus 13 has also been arranged. After passing through the cleaning apparatus 13, the water flows cleaned to behind the vessel 1 in the direction shown by the arrows 31.

Figure 3 shows a simplified schematic view of the vessel 1 , on both sides of which is arranged an oil boom 6. The oil boom 6 is arranged in the shape of the letter V by fixing the second 6b and third 6c fixing point so that the boom forms an angle α, which is approximately 110 degrees.

Figure 4 shows an oil combatting vessel and an oil boom 6 arranged in connection with it in a shape which resembles the letter U, which oil boom is fixed in its place by its second 6b and third 6c fixing point. The arrows 30 show how the water to be cleaned passes through the cleaning apparatus 13 from the area outlined by the boom 6. Figure 5 shows an oil combatting vessel 1 and an oil boom arrangement in connection with it. Cleaned water 34 is directed from behind the vessel 1 back to the front of the vessel 1 with the aid of a circulating boom 15. The arrows 30 show how the water to be cleaned runs from the area outlined by the boom 6, i.e. mainly from the front of the vessel 1, through the cleaning apparatus 13 to the back of the vessel, from where it is circulated back to the front of the vessel among the water to be cleaned. The third fixing point 6c of the boom 6 can be joined with the second fixing point 15b of the circulating boom 15 according to the dotted line, so that the booms 6, 15 outline the closed area.

Figure 6 shows another example of the method according to the invention. A closed area has been outlined in the waters with the aid of oil booms 6, 15, the water on the inside of which area is cleaned with the cleaning apparatus of the vessel 1 , which is fixed in its place. The water is moved and circulated according to the arrows 34 with the propulsion equipment arranged in connection with the vessel and with the aid of the boom arrangement 6, 15. When the water inside the area has been sufficiently cleaned, for example during a time, which is regarded as suitable, the area outlined by the boom 6, 15 can be opened in one or several points, so that cleaned water exits the area and oil-polluted water to be cleaned arrives in its place.

Figure 7 shows a vessel 1 , which collects oil 2 from waters 3 according to the third embodiment of the invention. The vessel 1 has been driven to a location polluted by oil 2, which in this example is a shallow sea bay, which has stones 4 making the movement of oil combatting vessels difficult. The vessel 1 is fixed in its place in relation to the shore 5 with the aid of two locking piles 10, 10', which are fixed to the vessel. The first locking pile 10 has been arranged in connection with the prow of the vessel 1 and the second locking pile 10' in connection with the aft of the vessel 1. An oil boom 6 divided into two parts has been arranged in the water 3 on separate sides of the vessel 1. The boom 6 is by its first fixing points 6a fixed in connection with the flanks 8, 9 of the vessel 1. The second fixing point 6b of the boom 6 is fixed to the shore 5 at a distance from the vessel and the third fixing point 6c of the boom 6 is arranged obliquely away from the second flank 9 of the vessel and fixed in its place.

In the situation in the Figure, where the vessel 1 and the oil boom 6 are fixed in their places, the vessel's propulsion equipment 12 is used in such a way that it pushes water 3 away from the back end of the vessel 1 , in the direction of the arrow 31. The use of a propulsion equipment 12 also causes the water in front and on the sides of the vessel 1 to flow towards the vessel in accordance with the arrows 32, 33. This flow 32, 33 is steered towards the vessel 1 with the aid of a boom 6 arranged according to the Figure. A rudder 11 is fixed in connection with the aft of the vessel 1. By changing the position of the rudder 11 , the flow 31 , 32, 33 of the water 3 can be steered. The water to be cleaned passes through the cleaning apparatus 13 in connection with the vessel 1 according to arrows 30, whereafter it is allowed to flow to the back of the vessel, according to arrows 31.

The invention is not meant to be limited to the embodiments shown as examples above but, on the contrary, the aim is to interpret it extensively within the scope of protection defined in the claims below.

Claims

1. A method for collecting oil from waters (3), in which method

- a vessel (1 ) is driven to an oil-polluted location, - at least one oil boom (6) is arranged into the water (3) so that its first fixing point (6a) is in connection with the vessel (1 ) and the second fixing point (6b) is at a distance from the vessel,

- water to be cleaned (32, 33) is steered to the vessel (1 ) with the aid of said oil boom (6), - oil (2) is collected with a cleaning apparatus (13) from the water to be cleaned (32, 33), which was steered to the vessel (1 ), characterised in that

- the vessel (1) is fixed substantially in its place in relation to the bottom of the waters, and - a propulsion equipment (12) arranged in connection with the vessel (1 ) is used so that it moves the water (3, 30, 32, 33) around the vessel in relation to the vessel (1) and the oil boom (6), which are fixed in their place.

2. A method according to claim 1 , characterised in that the flow of the water (3, 30, 31 , 32, 33) is steered with a rudder (11) arranged in connection with the vessel (1 ).

3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the second fixing point (6b) of the oil boom (6) is fixed substantially in its place at a distance from the vessel (1 ).

4. A method according to any of the claims 1 - 3, characterised in that the water to be cleaned (32, 33) is moved mainly from the front side of the vessel (1 ) and the oil boom (6) to the vessel and the cleaned water is steered to the rear side of the vessel and the oil boom.

5. A method according to any of the claims 1 - 4, characterised in that the method uses the vessel's (1 ) own propulsion equipment (12).

6. A method according to any of the claims 1 - 5, characterised in that the second fixing point (6b) of the oil boom is fixed on the first side of the vessel (1 ) to the shore (5).

7. A method according to any of the claims 1 - 6, characterised in that the third fixing point (6c) of the oil boom is fixed substantially in its place at a distance from the vessel (1 ).

8. A method according to claim 7, characterised in that the second fixing point (6b) of the oil boom is fixed on the first side of the vessel (1) to the shore (5) and the third fixing point (6c) of the oil boom is fixed on the second side of the vessel away from the shore.

9. A method according to any of the claims 1 - 8, characterised in that the vessel (1 ) is fixed with the aid of fixing means (10) to the bottom of the waters

(3).

10. A method according to any of the preceding claims 1 - 9, characterised in that the cleaned water (34) is with the aid of a circulating boom (15) steered back among the water to be cleaned.

11. A method according to any of the preceding claims 1 - 10, characterised in that said at least one oil boom (6) is arranged into the water so that a closed area outlined by the oil boom (6) is formed, the water to be cleaned on the inside of which area is steered to the vessel (1 ), moved and circulated with the aid of the propulsion equipment arranged in connection with the vessel (1 ) and cleaned with the cleaning apparatus (13).

12. An oil combatting vessel (1 ), which comprises at least - a hull - a propulsion equipment (12),

- a cleaning apparatus (13) for separating the oil (2) from the water, and

- at least two fixing means (10, 10') for fixing the vessel (1) to the bottom of the waters (3), characterized in that the distance between the two fixing means (10, 10') is at least 10 percent of the length of the vessel (1).

13. An oil combatting vessel according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one fixing means (10) is arranged in connection with the prow of the vessel (1 ) and at least one fixing means (10') is arranged in connection with the aft of the vessel (1 ).

14. An oil combatting vessel according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the vessel (1 ) comprises a rudder (11 ).

15. An oil combatting vessel according to any of the claims 12 - 14, characterized in that the fixing means (10) is a locking pile.