WO2008037104A2 - Method and device for determining firing parameters - Google Patents
Method and device for determining firing parameters Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008037104A2 WO2008037104A2 PCT/CH2007/000470 CH2007000470W WO2008037104A2 WO 2008037104 A2 WO2008037104 A2 WO 2008037104A2 CH 2007000470 W CH2007000470 W CH 2007000470W WO 2008037104 A2 WO2008037104 A2 WO 2008037104A2
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- temperature
- firing
- ammunition
- munition
- base
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
- F41G3/12—Aiming or laying means with means for compensating for muzzle velocity or powder temperature with means for compensating for gun vibrations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining firing parameters on a battle tank, an armored vehicle or the like comprising at least one gun, at least one computer for determining said firing parameters and means for adjusting the gun to adjust the angles. firing according to these firing parameters, in which the temperature of a specific ammunition is determined at the moment of its loading into the barrel, just before firing, said ammunition being in the form of a charge of powder explosive located in a socket provided with a base, and said firing parameters are determined as a function of the determined temperature.
- It also relates to a device for determining fire parameters on a battle tank, an armored vehicle or the like comprising at least one gun, at least one computer for determining said firing parameters and barrel setting means for adjusting the angles of fire. shooting according to these shooting parameters, for the implementation of the method above.
- the adjustment of the shooting must take into account a certain number of parameters such as the direction and the speed of the wind, the temperature of the air, the atmospheric pressure and the temperature of the ammunition in particular. These parameters are measured by sensors that communicate them to a firing calculator which controls the setting of the firing angles corresponding to each target target. An error on one of these parameters may lead to a missed shot with the consequences mentioned above.
- One of these parameters can be a problem whose importance has not always been measured.
- the temperature of the ammunition bunker of the armored vehicle is generally measured, that is to say the temperature of the chamber in which the ammunition is stored.
- this temperature corresponds to the temperature of the ammunition only if the latter has been stored for some time in the hold, which is often not the case.
- the temperature of the ammunition can have a considerable influence on the initial velocity of the projectile. Consequently, measuring only the temperature of the ammunition chamber and not that of the ammunition itself just before firing is a considerable disadvantage that can lead to a first off-target hit.
- US Pat. No. 5,700,088 describes a device for measuring the temperature of a munition at the moment of firing which is based on the measurement of the temperature at two points on the surface of a munition intended to be fired and on the measurement of the ambient temperature in the storage area of this munition. These measured parameters are operated by a computer according to a mathematical formula whose variables are said measured temperatures, in order to determine the temperature of the explosive charge from these parameters.
- the present invention proposes to overcome these disadvantages by providing a method and a device that can transmit to the firing computer accurate data corresponding to the temperature of the ammunition before firing.
- This device is therefore very accurate and can also adapt to all vehicles because it requires little installation and takes up very little space.
- the method according to the invention characterized in that in a first phase of the method, for said specific ammunition, a weighting curve representing the temperature differences between the measured average internal temperature of the explosive charge of this munition and the measured outside temperature of the socket and / or the base of said munition during an actual duration of stay of the munition in a constant ambient temperature environment for an initial supply temperature of the ammunition given, in a second phase, the said weighting curve obtained is recorded in a data bank linked to the firing calculator, - in a third phase, when the ammunition is going to be loaded into the barrel, the outside temperature of the socket and / or the base, and in a fourth phase, the calculator determines, from the temperature external rature of the measured socket and / or base and of said weighting curve recorded for said munition for the initial refueling temperature measured at the moment of loading, the internal effective temperature of the explosive charge of said munition and adjusts the firing parameters according to said internal effective temperature of said explosive charge.
- said temperature of the munition is measured by means of at least one temperature sensor.
- At least one temperature sensor of the infrared radiation type is used.
- Another type of sensor may also be used, for example a temperature sensor based on the measurement of the variation of the heat flux.
- the device according to the invention as defined in the preamble and characterized in that it comprises means arranged to determine, for a specific ammunition in the form of a charge of explosive powder housed in a socket provided with a cap, the actual internal temperature of said explosive charge at the time of firing, and means arranged to adjust the firing parameters according to said internal temperature of the determined explosive charge of said specific ammunition.
- the means arranged to determine the effective internal temperature of the explosive charge at the time of firing include means arranged to measure the outside temperature of the bushing and / or the base of said munition at the time of firing and a data bank. related to the firing computer in which is recorded, for the said ammunition and for a given initial supply temperature of this munition, a weighting curve of the temperature of the socket and / or the measured pellet.
- said means for measuring the temperature comprise at least one temperature sensor.
- said temperature sensor is of the infrared radiation type.
- said temperature sensor could be arranged to determine the temperature from a measurement of the variation of the heat flux.
- said temperature sensor is preferably disposed on the path which brings the ammunition munitions munition to the entrance of the barrel.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating one of the phases of the method according to the invention and showing a device for implementing this method
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show the results observed for shots carried out respectively with under-calibrated ammunition and with full-caliber ammunition
- FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D represent the curves developed for an ammunition representing the evolution of the temperature of this munition according to its storage time for different initial refueling temperatures.
- the device 10 mainly comprises at least one temperature sensor 11, preferably a sensor of the infrared radiation type, which is arranged to measure the temperature of a portion of the device.
- This part of the outer casing may be the base or the socket.
- the temperature of the two elements can be measured and exploited to determine the effective temperature of the explosive charge.
- the single temperature sensor 11 could be replaced by several identical or different sensors, having for example different sensitivities according to the measurement ranges. These sensors can be fixed or mounted so as to scan the surface of the socket.
- Scanning could also be done by means of a fixed sensor associated with appropriate software that integrates the measurements made to determine the parameters of the shot.
- the sensor of the infrared radiation type could be replaced by other temperature sensors, including sensors that determine the temperature from a variation of heat flow, which have a high sensitivity and high accuracy.
- the measured value is communicated, as shown by the arrow A, to an on-board computer, which constitutes a fire computer 14.
- This fire calculator is arranged to analyze all the parameters received from the different sensors as well as all the other data in memory. stored in one or more data banks 15 to calculate the firing angles adapted to each munition, to each target as a function of the effective value of the temperature of the explosive charge determined from the data measured by these sensors and provided by the database 15.
- the temperature sensor 11 is disposed in the immediate vicinity of the loading path of the munition 12 in the barrel 13, so that the value of the measured temperature corresponds, with a very small margin of error, to the actual temperature of the munition at that moment.
- the measurement is made almost instantaneously with an infrared radiation temperature sensor.
- the measure is not limited to the use of metal socket ammunition, but can also be carried out on ammunition with fuel sleeves or the like.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate the results observed during measurements made with the same ammunition in the case where the initial temperature of the ammunition has been taken into account in order to adjust the firing parameters.
- a tank 20 fires at a target 21 an ammunition of the sub-calibrated arrowhead type of 120mm.
- the initial velocity of this munition, at the reference temperature is 1770 m / s.
- a temperature difference of 20 0 C above this reference temperature causes an increase in the initial speed, which causes a rise in the trajectory.
- This elevation of the trajectory, designated by T1 causes the passage of the arrow shell to a height h1 above the target 21.
- the trajectory T2 corresponds to adjusted fire parameters taking into account the initial temperature of the ammunition.
- an assault tank 30 fires at a target 31 a shell of the 120mm full-bore shell type.
- the initial velocity of this munition is 780 m / s at the reference temperature.
- a temperature difference of 20 ° C. above this reference temperature causes an increase in the initial speed which causes a rise in the trajectory.
- This elevation of the trajectory designated by T3, causes the passage of the full caliber shell to a height h2 above the target 31.
- the trajectory T4 corresponds to shooting parameters taking into account the initial temperature of the ammunition. It is found that the influence of an error in the measurement of the real temperature is all the more important as the initial velocity of the projectile is lower.
- the method of the invention comprises a first phase of laboratory development of curves, a sampling of which is represented by FIGS. 3A to 3D and which will subsequently serve as bases for determining said effective temperature T ch e ff of the explosive charge as a function of measurable data, which is the ambient temperature of the environment in which the munition is stored, the residence time in this environment as well as the initial temperature Tj of the munition at time of refueling.
- This phase is followed by a second phase, in which a weighting curve D m obtained from the curves determined in the previous phase is recorded in a database linked to the fire computer.
- the outside temperature of the socket and / or the base is measured, and in a fourth and final phase, the firing computer determines, from the outside temperature of the bushing and / or the measured pellet and the weighting curve recorded for the said ammunition for the initial temperature at the time of loading, the internal effective temperature T ch e ff the explosive charge of said munition.
- the fire calculator can then precisely adjust the firing parameters according to this internal effective temperature of the explosive charge.
- FIG. 3A shows a graph assigned to a particular ammunition stored in an environment having a constant ambient temperature for an initial supply temperature Tj of the given ammunition.
- the coordinates of this graph are, on the abscissa, the duration of the stay t of the munition in this environment and, on the ordinate, the temperatures T measured at different points of this munition.
- the curve Ad represents the variation of the temperature of the sleeve T d of the ammunition
- the curve Bc represents the variation of the temperature of the base T c of the ammunition
- the Curves CcM 1 Cch2 and Cch3 respectively represent the temperature variations of the explosive charge, substantially at the edge, the middle and the average of the ammunition, during the duration of stay t in said environment.
- the curve D m represents the variation of the temperature difference between the average temperature of the powder and the temperature of the base and forms the weighting curve of the temperature of the socket and / or the base measured at the moment of firing.
- the firing calculator by integrating the data measured at the moment of firing, such as the ambient temperature and the initial refueling temperature, and by using the curve D m previously established for this munition and stored in the databank linked to this calculator, can determine the effective temperature of the explosive charge at the moment of the firing and, from this precise data, adjust the firing parameters with a maximum of precision.
- the graphs of FIGS. 3B to 3D represent a set of curves, established for this same ammunition stored in a constant ambient temperature environment for different initial ammunition supply temperatures.
- the embodiment of the invention as described may undergo various modifications.
- the number and nature of the temperature sensor or sensors can be modified to further improve the accuracy and adaptation of the device to all types of vehicles and ammunition. It is thus possible to provide the use of an additional sensor for measuring the ambient temperature. It is also possible to provide the device with ancillary equipment such as, for example, measurement triggers.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a device (10) for determining the firing parameters of a tank, an armoured vehicle or the like, that comprises at least one cannon (13), at least one calculator (14) for determining the firing parameters, and means for controlling the cannon (13) in order to adjust the firing angles according to the firing parameters. The device (10) comprises means (11) for determining the temperature of the blasting charge of the ammunition (12) when loading the same into the cannon (13) just before firing, and means for integrating this measure in order to determine the firing parameters. The means for determining the effective temperature of the ammunition blasting charge when firing include a weighting curve that is previously determined and stored in a databank related to the calculator (14) for correcting the outer temperature of the ammunition case and/or cap measured upon firing.
Description
PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE DETERMINATION DE PARAMETRES DE TIR METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING FIRE PARAMETERS
Domaine techniqueTechnical area
La présente invention concerne un procédé de détermination de paramètres de tir sur un char de combat, un véhicule blindé ou similaire comportant au moins un canon, au moins un calculateur pour déterminer lesdits paramètres de tir et des moyens de réglage du canon pour ajuster les angles de tir en fonction de ces paramètres de tir, dans lequel l'on détermine la température d'une munition spécifique au moment de son chargement dans le canon, juste avant le tir, ladite munition se présentant sous la forme d'une charge de poudre explosive logée dans une douille pourvue d'un culot, et l'on détermine lesdits paramètres de tir en fonction de la température déterminée.The present invention relates to a method for determining firing parameters on a battle tank, an armored vehicle or the like comprising at least one gun, at least one computer for determining said firing parameters and means for adjusting the gun to adjust the angles. firing according to these firing parameters, in which the temperature of a specific ammunition is determined at the moment of its loading into the barrel, just before firing, said ammunition being in the form of a charge of powder explosive located in a socket provided with a base, and said firing parameters are determined as a function of the determined temperature.
Elle concerne également un dispositif de détermination de paramètres de tir sur un char de combat, un véhicule blindé ou similaire comportant au moins un canon, au moins un calculateur pour déterminer lesdits paramètres de tir et des moyens de réglage du canon pour ajuster les angles de tir en fonction de ces paramètres de tir, pour la mise en œuvre du procédé ci-dessus.It also relates to a device for determining fire parameters on a battle tank, an armored vehicle or the like comprising at least one gun, at least one computer for determining said firing parameters and barrel setting means for adjusting the angles of fire. shooting according to these shooting parameters, for the implementation of the method above.
Technique antérieurePrior art
Dans le domaine du tir, notamment le tir de munitions à partir de chars de combat, il est essentiel que les cibles soient atteintes dès le premier tir, parce qu'un tir raté, c'est-à-dire qui n'atteint pas et ne détruit pas sa cible permet à l'adversaire de repérer l'origine du tir et, par conséquent d'ajuster le tir avec le maximum de précision et de répliquer avec le maximum d'efficacité. De ce fait, l'ajustage du tir doit tenir compte d'un certain nombre de paramètres tels que la direction et la vitesse du vent, la température de l'air, la pression atmosphérique et la température de la munition notamment. Ces paramètres sont mesurés par des capteurs qui les communiquent à un calculateur de tir qui commande le réglage des angles de tir correspondants à chaque cible visée. Une erreur sur un seul de ces paramètres peut entraîner un tir raté avec les conséquences évoquées ci-dessus.
L'un de ces paramètres peut poser un problème dont on n'a pas toujours mesuré l'importance. Pour déterminer la température de la munition, on mesure en général la température de la soute à munitions du véhicule blindé, c'est-à-dire la température de la chambre dans laquelle la munition est stockée. Or cette température ne correspond à la température de la munition que si cette dernière est stockée depuis un certain temps dans la soute, ce qui n'est souvent pas le cas. On a constaté des différences de températures importantes entre la température de la munition et celle de la soute à munitions. En outre, selon le type de munition, on a constaté que la température de la munition peut avoir une influence considérable sur la vitesse initiale du projectile. En conséquence, le fait de ne mesurer que la température de la chambre à munitions et non celle de la munition elle-même juste avant le tir constitue un inconvénient considérable qui peut conduire à un premier coup hors cible.In the area of firing, including the firing of ammunition from battle tanks, it is essential that the targets are reached from the first shot, because a missed shot, that is to say, which does not reach and does not destroy his target allows the opponent to identify the origin of the shot and, therefore, adjust the shot with the maximum accuracy and replicate with maximum efficiency. Therefore, the adjustment of the shooting must take into account a certain number of parameters such as the direction and the speed of the wind, the temperature of the air, the atmospheric pressure and the temperature of the ammunition in particular. These parameters are measured by sensors that communicate them to a firing calculator which controls the setting of the firing angles corresponding to each target target. An error on one of these parameters may lead to a missed shot with the consequences mentioned above. One of these parameters can be a problem whose importance has not always been measured. In order to determine the temperature of the ammunition, the temperature of the ammunition bunker of the armored vehicle is generally measured, that is to say the temperature of the chamber in which the ammunition is stored. However, this temperature corresponds to the temperature of the ammunition only if the latter has been stored for some time in the hold, which is often not the case. There were significant temperature differences between the ammunition temperature and the ammunition bay temperature. In addition, depending on the type of ammunition, it has been found that the temperature of the ammunition can have a considerable influence on the initial velocity of the projectile. Consequently, measuring only the temperature of the ammunition chamber and not that of the ammunition itself just before firing is a considerable disadvantage that can lead to a first off-target hit.
Le brevet américain US 5,700,088 décrit un dispositif de mesure de la température d'une munition au moment du tir qui est basé sur la mesure de la température en deux points de la surface d'une munition destinée à être tirée et sur la mesure de la température ambiante dans la zone de stockage de cette munition. Ces paramètres mesurés sont exploités par un ordinateur selon une formule mathématique dont les variables sont lesdites températures mesurées, en vue de déterminer la température de la charge explosive à partir de ces paramètres.US Pat. No. 5,700,088 describes a device for measuring the temperature of a munition at the moment of firing which is based on the measurement of the temperature at two points on the surface of a munition intended to be fired and on the measurement of the ambient temperature in the storage area of this munition. These measured parameters are operated by a computer according to a mathematical formula whose variables are said measured temperatures, in order to determine the temperature of the explosive charge from these parameters.
L'un des problèmes rencontrés avec ce système est qu'il ne tient pas compte du temps de séjour des munitions à la température dite ambiante, dans la soute à munitions. En effet, la durée de séjour de la munition est essentielle, surtout si le différentiel de température entre un lieu de stockage de cette munition et la soute à munitions du véhicule d'où elle sera tirée est important. En outre, la transmission de la chaleur entre le culot ou la douille et la charge explosive dépend fortement des dimensions et de la nature des matériaux dont sont constitués la douille et le culot. La température de la charge explosive n'est pas obligatoirement uniforme et l'on peut constater une différence importante entre
les bords et la partie centrale. Ces considérations ne sont pas prises en compte dans le brevet de l'art antérieur de sorte que les données obtenues sont sujettes à d'importantes erreurs qui faussent les paramètres de tir. En outre, les formules utilisées pour les calculs dans ce brevet peuvent, dans certains cas, aboutir à des résultats non applicables.One of the problems with this system is that it does not take into account the residence time of ammunition at the so-called ambient temperature in the ammunition bay. Indeed, the duration of stay of the ammunition is essential, especially if the temperature differential between a storage location of this ammunition and ammunition bunker of the vehicle from which it will be drawn is important. In addition, the transmission of heat between the base or the socket and the explosive charge strongly depends on the size and nature of the materials of which the socket and the base are constituted. The temperature of the explosive charge is not necessarily uniform and there is a significant difference between the edges and the central part. These considerations are not taken into account in the patent of the prior art so that the data obtained are subject to important errors that distort the firing parameters. In addition, the formulas used for the calculations in this patent may, in some cases, lead to non-applicable results.
Exposé de l'inventionPresentation of the invention
La présente invention se propose de pallier ces inconvénients en offrant un procédé et un dispositif qui permettent de transmettre au calculateur de tir une donnée précise correspondant à la température de la munition avant le tir. Ce dispositif est de ce fait très précis et peut en outre s'adapter à tous les véhicules car il demande peu d'installation et ne prend que très peu de place.The present invention proposes to overcome these disadvantages by providing a method and a device that can transmit to the firing computer accurate data corresponding to the temperature of the ammunition before firing. This device is therefore very accurate and can also adapt to all vehicles because it requires little installation and takes up very little space.
Ce but est atteint par le procédé selon l'invention, tel que défini en préambule, caractérisé en ce que dans une première phase du procédé, l'on établit, pour ladite munition spécifique, une courbe de pondération représentant les différences de température entre la température interne moyenne mesurée de la charge explosive de cette munition et la température extérieure mesurée de la douille et/ou du culot de ladite munition pendant une durée effective de séjour de la munition dans un environnement à température ambiante constante pour une température initiale de ravitaillement de la munition donnée, dans une deuxième phase, l'on enregistre ladite courbe de pondération obtenue dans une banque de données liée au calculateur de tir, - dans une troisième phase, lorsque la munition va être chargée dans le canon, l'on mesure la température extérieure de la douille et/ou du culot, et dans une quatrième phase, le calculateur détermine, à partir de la température extérieure de la douille et/ou du culot mesurée et de ladite courbe de pondération enregistrée pour ladite munition pour la température initiale de ravitaillement mesurée au moment du chargement, la température effective interne de la charge explosive de ladite munition et ajuste les paramètres de tir en fonction de ladite température effective interne de ladite charge explosive.
De façon avantageuse, pour établir la courbe de pondération à une température initiale donnée, on peut établir une courbe représentant la variation de la température de la douille de la munition, une courbe représentant la variation de la température du culot de cette munition et des courbes représentant respectivement les variations de température de la charge explosive, sensiblement au bord, au milieu et moyenne de la munition.This object is achieved by the method according to the invention, as defined in the preamble, characterized in that in a first phase of the method, for said specific ammunition, a weighting curve representing the temperature differences between the measured average internal temperature of the explosive charge of this munition and the measured outside temperature of the socket and / or the base of said munition during an actual duration of stay of the munition in a constant ambient temperature environment for an initial supply temperature of the ammunition given, in a second phase, the said weighting curve obtained is recorded in a data bank linked to the firing calculator, - in a third phase, when the ammunition is going to be loaded into the barrel, the outside temperature of the socket and / or the base, and in a fourth phase, the calculator determines, from the temperature external rature of the measured socket and / or base and of said weighting curve recorded for said munition for the initial refueling temperature measured at the moment of loading, the internal effective temperature of the explosive charge of said munition and adjusts the firing parameters according to said internal effective temperature of said explosive charge. Advantageously, in order to establish the weighting curve at a given initial temperature, it is possible to establish a curve representing the variation of the temperature of the ammunition socket, a curve representing the variation of the temperature of the base of this ammunition and the curves respectively representing the temperature variations of the explosive charge, substantially at the edge, the middle and the average of the ammunition.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, l'on mesure ladite température de la munition au moyen d'au moins un capteur de température.According to an advantageous embodiment, said temperature of the munition is measured by means of at least one temperature sensor.
D'une manière préférentielle, l'on utilise au moins un capteur de température du type à rayonnement infrarouge.Preferably, at least one temperature sensor of the infrared radiation type is used.
On peut également utiliser un autre type de capteur, par exemple un capteur de température basé sur la mesure de la variation du flux thermique.Another type of sensor may also be used, for example a temperature sensor based on the measurement of the variation of the heat flux.
Ce but est également atteint par le dispositif selon l'invention tel que défini en préambule et caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens agencés pour déterminer, pour une munition spécifique se présentant sous la forme d'une charge de poudre explosive logée dans une douille pourvue d'un culot, la température interne effective de ladite charge explosive au moment du tir, et des moyens agencés pour ajuster les paramètres de tir en fonction de ladite température interne de la charge explosive déterminée de ladite munition spécifique.This object is also achieved by the device according to the invention as defined in the preamble and characterized in that it comprises means arranged to determine, for a specific ammunition in the form of a charge of explosive powder housed in a socket provided with a cap, the actual internal temperature of said explosive charge at the time of firing, and means arranged to adjust the firing parameters according to said internal temperature of the determined explosive charge of said specific ammunition.
De façon avantageuse, les moyens agencés pour déterminer la température interne effective de la charge explosive au moment du tir comprennent des moyens agencés pour mesurer la température extérieure de la douille et/ou du culot de ladite munition au moment du tir et une banque de données liée au calculateur de tir dans laquelle est enregistrée, pour ladite munition et pour une
température initiale de ravitaillement donnée de cette munition, une courbe de pondération de la température de la douille et/ou du culot mesurée.Advantageously, the means arranged to determine the effective internal temperature of the explosive charge at the time of firing include means arranged to measure the outside temperature of the bushing and / or the base of said munition at the time of firing and a data bank. related to the firing computer in which is recorded, for the said ammunition and for a given initial supply temperature of this munition, a weighting curve of the temperature of the socket and / or the measured pellet.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, lesdits moyens pour mesurer la température comprennent au moins un capteur de température.According to a preferred embodiment, said means for measuring the temperature comprise at least one temperature sensor.
D'une manière particulièrement avantageuse, ledit capteur de température est du type à rayonnement infrarouge.In a particularly advantageous manner, said temperature sensor is of the infrared radiation type.
Selon une autre forme de réalisation, ledit capteur de température pourrait être agencé pour déterminer la température à partir d'une mesure de la variation du flux thermique.According to another embodiment, said temperature sensor could be arranged to determine the temperature from a measurement of the variation of the heat flux.
Dans tous les cas, ledit capteur de température est de préférence disposé sur le trajet qui amène la munition d'une soute à munitions à l'entrée du canon.In all cases, said temperature sensor is preferably disposed on the path which brings the ammunition munitions munition to the entrance of the barrel.
Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings
La présente invention et ses avantages seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description détaillée d'une forme de mise en œuvre préférée du procédé de l'invention, en référence aux dessins annexés donnés à titre indicatif et non limitatif, dans lesquels:The present invention and its advantages will be better understood on reading the detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings given by way of indication and not limitation, in which:
la figure 1 est une vue schématique illustrant une des phases du procédé selon l'invention et représentant un dispositif pour la mise en œuvre de ce procédé,FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating one of the phases of the method according to the invention and showing a device for implementing this method,
les figures 2A et 2B représentent les résultats constatés pour des tirs effectués respectivement avec des munitions sous-calibrées et avec des munitions plein calibre, etFIGS. 2A and 2B show the results observed for shots carried out respectively with under-calibrated ammunition and with full-caliber ammunition, and
les figures 3A, 3B, 3C et 3D représentent les courbes élaborées pour une munition représentant l'évolution de la température de cette munition en fonction
de son temps de stockage pour différentes températures initiales de ravitaillement.FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D represent the curves developed for an ammunition representing the evolution of the temperature of this munition according to its storage time for different initial refueling temperatures.
Meilleure manière de réaliser l'invention En référence à la figure 1 , le dispositif 10 comporte principalement au moins un capteur de température 11, de préférence un capteur du type à rayonnement infrarouge, qui est agencé pour mesurer la température d'une partie de l'enveloppe extérieure d'une munition 12 juste avant son entrée dans un canon 13 d'un véhicule blindé, notamment d'un char d'assaut (non représenté). Cette partie de l'enveloppe extérieure peut être le culot ou la douille. La température des deux éléments peut être mesurée et exploitée pour déterminer la température effective de la charge explosive. Le capteur de température unique 11 pourrait être remplacé par plusieurs capteurs identiques ou différents, ayant par exemple des sensibilités différentes selon les plages de mesure. Ces capteurs peuvent être fixes ou montés de manière à effectuer un balayage de la surface de la douille. Le balayage pourrait aussi être effectué au moyen d'un capteur fixe associé à un logiciel approprié qui intègre les mesures effectuées pour déterminer les paramètres du tir. En outre le capteur du type à rayonnement infrarouge pourrait être remplacé par d'autres capteurs de température, notamment des capteurs qui déterminent la température à partir d'une variation de flux thermique, qui ont une grande sensibilité et une grande précision. La valeur mesurée est communiquée, comme le montre la flèche A, à un ordinateur de bord, qui constitue un calculateur de tir 14. Ce calculateur de tir est agencé pour analyser tous les paramètres reçus des différents capteurs ainsi que toutes les autres données en mémoire, stockées dans une ou plusieurs banques de données 15 pour calculer les angles de tir adaptés à chaque munition, à chaque cible en fonction de la valeur effective de la température de la charge explosive déterminée à partir des données mesurées par ces capteurs et fournies par la banque de données 15.BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION With reference to FIG. 1, the device 10 mainly comprises at least one temperature sensor 11, preferably a sensor of the infrared radiation type, which is arranged to measure the temperature of a portion of the device. outer shell of a munition 12 just before entering a barrel 13 of an armored vehicle, including a tank (not shown). This part of the outer casing may be the base or the socket. The temperature of the two elements can be measured and exploited to determine the effective temperature of the explosive charge. The single temperature sensor 11 could be replaced by several identical or different sensors, having for example different sensitivities according to the measurement ranges. These sensors can be fixed or mounted so as to scan the surface of the socket. Scanning could also be done by means of a fixed sensor associated with appropriate software that integrates the measurements made to determine the parameters of the shot. In addition, the sensor of the infrared radiation type could be replaced by other temperature sensors, including sensors that determine the temperature from a variation of heat flow, which have a high sensitivity and high accuracy. The measured value is communicated, as shown by the arrow A, to an on-board computer, which constitutes a fire computer 14. This fire calculator is arranged to analyze all the parameters received from the different sensors as well as all the other data in memory. stored in one or more data banks 15 to calculate the firing angles adapted to each munition, to each target as a function of the effective value of the temperature of the explosive charge determined from the data measured by these sensors and provided by the database 15.
On notera que le capteur de température 11 est disposé à proximité immédiate du trajet de chargement de la munition 12 dans le canon 13, de sorte que la
valeur de la température mesurée correspond, avec une très faible marge d'erreur, à la température effective de la munition à ce moment. La mesure s'effectue quasi instantanément avec un capteur de température à rayonnement infrarouge. En outre la mesure n'est pas limitée à l'utilisation de munitions à douilles métalliques, mais peut également s'effectuer sur des munitions à douilles combustibles ou similaires.It will be noted that the temperature sensor 11 is disposed in the immediate vicinity of the loading path of the munition 12 in the barrel 13, so that the value of the measured temperature corresponds, with a very small margin of error, to the actual temperature of the munition at that moment. The measurement is made almost instantaneously with an infrared radiation temperature sensor. In addition the measure is not limited to the use of metal socket ammunition, but can also be carried out on ammunition with fuel sleeves or the like.
Les deux figures 2A et 2B illustrent les résultats constatés lors de mesures effectués avec la même munition dans le cas où l'on a tenu compte de la température initiale de la munition pour ajuster les paramètres de tir.Both FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate the results observed during measurements made with the same ammunition in the case where the initial temperature of the ammunition has been taken into account in order to adjust the firing parameters.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 2A1 un char d'assaut 20 tire sur une cible 21 une munition du type obus flèche sous-calibré de 120mm. La vitesse initiale de cette munition, à la température de référence, est de 1770 m/s. Une différence de température de 200C au-dessus de cette température de référence, provoque une augmentation de la vitesse initiale, qui engendre une élévation de la trajectoire. Cette élévation de la trajectoire, désignée par T1 provoque le passage de l'obus flèche à une hauteur h1 au-dessus de la cible 21. En revanche, la trajectoire T2 correspond à des paramètres de tir réglés tenant compte de la température initiale de la munition.In the example of FIG. 2A 1, a tank 20 fires at a target 21 an ammunition of the sub-calibrated arrowhead type of 120mm. The initial velocity of this munition, at the reference temperature, is 1770 m / s. A temperature difference of 20 0 C above this reference temperature causes an increase in the initial speed, which causes a rise in the trajectory. This elevation of the trajectory, designated by T1 causes the passage of the arrow shell to a height h1 above the target 21. On the other hand, the trajectory T2 corresponds to adjusted fire parameters taking into account the initial temperature of the ammunition.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 2B, un char d'assaut 30 tire sur une cible 31 une munition du type obus plein calibre de 120mm. La vitesse initiale de cette munition est de 780 m/s à la température de référence. Une différence de température de 2O0C au-dessus de cette température de référence, provoque une augmentation de la vitesse initiale qui engendre une élévation de la trajectoire. Cette élévation de la trajectoire, désignée par T3, provoque le passage de l'obus plein calibre à une hauteur h2 au-dessus de la cible 31. En revanche, la trajectoire T4 correspond à des paramètres de tir tenant compte de la température initiale de la munition.
On constate que l'influence d'une erreur de la mesure de la température réelle est d'autant plus importante que la vitesse initiale du projectile est plus faible.In the example of FIG. 2B, an assault tank 30 fires at a target 31 a shell of the 120mm full-bore shell type. The initial velocity of this munition is 780 m / s at the reference temperature. A temperature difference of 20 ° C. above this reference temperature causes an increase in the initial speed which causes a rise in the trajectory. This elevation of the trajectory, designated by T3, causes the passage of the full caliber shell to a height h2 above the target 31. On the other hand, the trajectory T4 corresponds to shooting parameters taking into account the initial temperature of the ammunition. It is found that the influence of an error in the measurement of the real temperature is all the more important as the initial velocity of the projectile is lower.
Pour déterminer la température effective de la charge explosive, le procédé de l'invention comprend une première phase d'élaboration en laboratoire de courbes dont un échantillonnage est représenté par les figures 3A à 3D et qui serviront, par la suite, de bases pour déterminer ladite température effective Tch eff de la charge explosive en fonction de données mesurables, qui sont la température ambiante de l'environnement dans lequel la munition est stockée, le temps de séjour dans cet environnement ainsi que la température initiale Tj de la munition au moment du ravitaillement. Cette phase est suivie d'une deuxième phase, dans laquelle l'on enregistre, dans une banque de données liée au calculateur de tir, une courbe de pondération Dm obtenue à partir des courbes déterminées dans la phase précédente. Au moment du chargement de la munition dans le canon, lors d'une troisième phase du procédé utilisé dans le dispositif de l'invention, l'on mesure la température extérieure de la douille et/ou du culot, et dans une quatrième et dernière phase, le calculateur de tir détermine, à partir de la température extérieure de la douille et/ou du culot mesurée et de la courbe de pondération enregistrée pour ladite munition pour la température initiale au moment du chargement, la température effective interne Tch eff de la charge explosive de ladite munition. Le calculateur de tir peut alors ajuster avec précision les paramètres de tir en fonction de cette température effective interne de la charge explosive.In order to determine the effective temperature of the explosive charge, the method of the invention comprises a first phase of laboratory development of curves, a sampling of which is represented by FIGS. 3A to 3D and which will subsequently serve as bases for determining said effective temperature T ch e ff of the explosive charge as a function of measurable data, which is the ambient temperature of the environment in which the munition is stored, the residence time in this environment as well as the initial temperature Tj of the munition at time of refueling. This phase is followed by a second phase, in which a weighting curve D m obtained from the curves determined in the previous phase is recorded in a database linked to the fire computer. At the moment of loading the munition into the barrel, during a third phase of the process used in the device of the invention, the outside temperature of the socket and / or the base is measured, and in a fourth and final phase, the firing computer determines, from the outside temperature of the bushing and / or the measured pellet and the weighting curve recorded for the said ammunition for the initial temperature at the time of loading, the internal effective temperature T ch e ff the explosive charge of said munition. The fire calculator can then precisely adjust the firing parameters according to this internal effective temperature of the explosive charge.
A titre d'exemple, la figure 3A représente un graphique affecté à une munition particulière stockée dans un environnement ayant une température ambiante constante pour une température initiale Tj de ravitaillement de la munition donnée. Les coordonnées de ce graphique sont, en abscisses, la durée du séjour t de la munition dans cet environnement et, en ordonnées, les températures T mesurées en différents points de cette munition. La courbe Ad représente la variation de la température de la douille Td de la munition, la courbe Bc représente la variation de la température du culot Tc de la munition et les
courbes CcM1 Cch2 et Cch3 représentent respectivement les variations de température de la charge explosive, sensiblement au bord, au milieu et moyenne de la munition, pendant la durée du séjour t dans ledit environnement. La courbe Dm représente la variation de la différence de température entre la température moyenne de la poudre et la température du culot et forme la courbe de pondération de la température de la douille et/ou du culot mesurée au moment du tir. Le calculateur de tir, en intégrant les données mesurées au moment du tir, telles que la température ambiante et la température initiale de ravitaillement et en utilisant la courbe Dm préalablement établie pour cette munition et stockée dans la banque de données liée à ce calculateur, peut déterminer la température effective de la charge explosive au moment du tir et, à partir de cette donnée précise, ajuster les paramètres de tir avec un maximum de précision.By way of example, FIG. 3A shows a graph assigned to a particular ammunition stored in an environment having a constant ambient temperature for an initial supply temperature Tj of the given ammunition. The coordinates of this graph are, on the abscissa, the duration of the stay t of the munition in this environment and, on the ordinate, the temperatures T measured at different points of this munition. The curve Ad represents the variation of the temperature of the sleeve T d of the ammunition, the curve Bc represents the variation of the temperature of the base T c of the ammunition and the Curves CcM 1 Cch2 and Cch3 respectively represent the temperature variations of the explosive charge, substantially at the edge, the middle and the average of the ammunition, during the duration of stay t in said environment. The curve D m represents the variation of the temperature difference between the average temperature of the powder and the temperature of the base and forms the weighting curve of the temperature of the socket and / or the base measured at the moment of firing. The firing calculator, by integrating the data measured at the moment of firing, such as the ambient temperature and the initial refueling temperature, and by using the curve D m previously established for this munition and stored in the databank linked to this calculator, can determine the effective temperature of the explosive charge at the moment of the firing and, from this precise data, adjust the firing parameters with a maximum of precision.
Les graphiques des figures 3B à 3D représentent un ensemble de courbes, établies pour cette même munition stockée dans un environnement à température ambiante constante pour des températures initiales de ravitaillement de la munition différentes.The graphs of FIGS. 3B to 3D represent a set of curves, established for this same ammunition stored in a constant ambient temperature environment for different initial ammunition supply temperatures.
La forme de réalisation de l'invention telle que décrite peut subir diverses modifications. En particulier, le nombre et la nature du ou des capteurs de température peuvent être modifiés afin d'améliorer encore la précision et l'adaptation du dispositif à tous les types de véhicules et de munitions. On peut ainsi prévoir l'utilisation d'un capteur supplémentaire pour la mesure de la température ambiante. Il est également possible de pourvoir le dispositif d'équipements annexes tels que par exemple des déclencheurs de mesures.
The embodiment of the invention as described may undergo various modifications. In particular, the number and nature of the temperature sensor or sensors can be modified to further improve the accuracy and adaptation of the device to all types of vehicles and ammunition. It is thus possible to provide the use of an additional sensor for measuring the ambient temperature. It is also possible to provide the device with ancillary equipment such as, for example, measurement triggers.
Claims
1. Procédé de détermination de paramètres de tir sur un char de combat, un véhicule blindé ou similaire comportant au moins un canon, au moins un calculateur pour déterminer lesdits paramètres de tir et des moyens de réglage du canon pour ajuster les angles de tir en fonction de ces paramètres de tir, dans lequel l'on détermine la température d'une munition spécifique au moment de son chargement dans le canon, juste avant le tir, ladite munition se présentant sous la forme d'une charge de poudre explosive logée dans une douille pourvue d'un culot, et l'on détermine lesdits paramètres de tir en fonction de la température déterminée, caractérisé en ce que dans une première phase du procédé, l'on établit, pour ladite munition spécifique, une courbe de pondération (Dm) représentant les différences de température entre la température interne moyenne mesurée (Tch) de la charge explosive de cette munition et la température extérieure mesuréeA method for determining firing parameters on a combat tank, an armored vehicle or the like comprising at least one gun, at least one computer for determining said firing parameters and barrel setting means for adjusting the firing angles. according to these firing parameters, in which the temperature of a specific ammunition is determined at the moment of its loading into the barrel, just before firing, said ammunition being in the form of a charge of explosive powder housed in a socket provided with a base, and said firing parameters are determined as a function of the determined temperature, characterized in that in a first phase of the process, for said specific ammunition, a weighting curve is established ( D m ) representing the temperature differences between the measured mean internal temperature (T ch ) of the explosive charge of this munition and the measured outside temperature
(Td) de la douille et/ou du culot (Tc) de ladite munition pendant une durée effective de séjour (t) de la munition dans un environnement à température ambiante constante pour une température initiale de ravitaillement de la munition (Tj) donnée, dans une deuxième phase, l'on enregistre ladite courbe de pondération (Dm) obtenue dans une banque de données liée au calculateur de tir, dans une troisième phase, lorsque la munition va être chargée dans le canon, l'on mesure la température extérieure (Td) de la douille et/ou du culot (Tc), et dans une quatrième phase, le calculateur détermine, à partir de la température extérieure de la douille et/ou du culot mesurée et de ladite courbe de pondération (Dm) enregistrée pour ladite munition pour la température initiale (T1) de ravitaillement mesurée au moment du chargement, la température effective interne (TCh eff) de la charge explosive de ladite munition et ajuste les paramètres de tir en fonction de ladite température effective interne (Tch eff) de ladite charge explosive.(T d ) of the socket and / or base (T c ) of said munition during an effective duration of stay (t) of the munition in a constant ambient temperature environment for an initial supply temperature of the munition (Tj) given, in a second phase, one records said weighting curve (D m ) obtained in a data bank related to the firing calculator, in a third phase, when the ammunition is going to be loaded into the barrel, it is measured the external temperature (T d ) of the socket and / or the base (T c ), and in a fourth phase, the computer determines, based on the outside temperature of the bushing and / or the measured base and of said weighting (D m ) recorded for said munition for the initial temperature (T 1 ) of refueling measured at the moment of loading, the internal effective temperature (T C h eff) of the explosive charge said ammunition and adjusts the firing parameters according to said internal effective temperature (T ch eff ) of said explosive charge.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que, pour établir la courbe de pondération (Dm) pour une température initiale (Ti) donnée, on établit une courbe (Ad) représentant la variation de la température de la douille (Td) de la munition, une courbe (Bc) représentant la variation de la température du culot (Tc) de cette munition et des courbes (CcM, Cch2, Cch3) représentant respectivement les variations de température de la charge explosive, sensiblement au bord, au milieu et moyenne de la munition.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, to establish the weighting curve (D m ) for a given initial temperature (Ti), a curve (Ad) representing the variation of the temperature of the bushing (T) is established. d ) of the munition, a curve (Bc) representing the variation of the base temperature (T c ) of this munition and curves (CcM, Cch2, Cch3) respectively representing the temperature variations of the explosive charge, substantially at the edge , middle and middle of the ammunition.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on mesure ladite température extérieure de la douille et/ou du culot de la munition au moyen d'au moins un capteur de température.3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that said outside temperature of the socket and / or the base of the munition is measured by means of at least one temperature sensor.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise au moins un capteur de température du type à rayonnement infrarouge.4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that one uses at least one temperature sensor of the infrared radiation type.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise un capteur de température basé sur la mesure de la variation du flux thermique.5. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that a temperature sensor is used based on the measurement of the variation of the heat flux.
6. Dispositif de détermination de paramètres de tir sur un char de combat, un véhicule blindé ou similaire comportant au moins un canon (13), au moins un calculateur (14) pour déterminer lesdits paramètres de tir et des moyens de réglage du canon (13) pour ajuster les angles de tir en fonction de ces paramètres de tir, pour la mise en œuvre du procédé de la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens agencés pour déterminer, pour une munition spécifique (12) se présentant sous la forme d'une charge de poudre explosive logée dans une douille pourvue d'un culot, la température interne effective (Tch eff) de ladite charge explosive au moment du tir, et des moyens agencés pour ajuster les paramètres de tir en fonction de ladite température interne (Tch Θff) de la charge explosive déterminée de ladite munition spécifique (12).6. A device for determining firing parameters on a battle tank, a armored vehicle or the like comprising at least one gun (13), at least one computer (14) for determining said firing parameters and barrel setting means ( 13) for adjusting the firing angles according to these firing parameters, for the implementation of the method of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means arranged to determine, for a specific ammunition (12) presented in the form of an explosive powder charge housed in a socket provided with a base, the effective internal temperature (Tch eff) of said explosive charge at the moment of firing, and means arranged to adjust the firing parameters according to of said internal temperature (T ch Θ f f ) of the determined explosive charge of said specific munition (12).
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens agencés pour déterminer la température interne effective (TCh efτ) de la charge explosive au moment du tir comprennent des moyens agencés pour mesurer la température extérieure de la douille (Td) et/ou du culot (Tc) de ladite munition au moment du tir et une banque de données (15) liée au calculateur de tir (14) dans laquelle est enregistrée, pour ladite munition et pour une température initiale de ravitaillement (Tj) donnée de cette munition, une courbe de pondération (Dm) de la température de la douille (Td) et/ou du culot (Tc) mesurée.7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the means arranged to determine the effective internal temperature (T C h e fτ) of the explosive charge at the time of firing include means arranged to measure the outside temperature of the sleeve (Td ) and / or the base (Tc) of said ammunition at the moment of firing and a databank (15) linked to the firing calculator (14) in which is recorded, for said ammunition and for an initial refueling temperature (Tj) data of this ammunition, a weighting curve (D m ) of the temperature of the sleeve (Td) and / or the base (Tc) measured.
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens agencés pour mesurer la température extérieure de la douille (Td) et/ou du culot (Tc) de la munition comprennent au moins un capteur de température (11).8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that said means arranged to measure the external temperature of the sleeve (Td) and / or the base (Tc) of the munition comprise at least one temperature sensor (11).
9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit capteur de température (11) est du type à rayonnement infrarouge.9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said temperature sensor (11) is of the infrared radiation type.
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit capteur de température (11) est agencé pour déterminer la température à partir d'une mesure de la variation du flux thermique.10. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said temperature sensor (11) is arranged to determine the temperature from a measurement of the variation of the heat flow.
11. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit capteur de température (11) est disposé sur le trajet qui amène la munition (12) d'une soute à munitions à l'entrée du canon (13). 11. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said temperature sensor (11) is disposed on the path which brings the munition (12) of an ammunition bunker to the entrance of the barrel (13).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH01528/06A CH699028B1 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2006-09-26 | Process and determination of shooting settings device. |
| CH1528/2006 | 2006-09-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008037104A2 true WO2008037104A2 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
| WO2008037104A3 WO2008037104A3 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
Family
ID=38229183
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH2007/000470 WO2008037104A2 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2007-09-24 | Method and device for determining firing parameters |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH699028B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008037104A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109374682A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-02-22 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | A kind of monitoring device of fragile material crack initiation time |
| DE102020007514A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-09 | Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Weapon system for a combat vehicle, combat vehicle with the weapon system and method for defeating reactive armor |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3956966A (en) * | 1974-07-26 | 1976-05-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Fail safe powder temperature sensor for tank fire control system |
| DE2650853A1 (en) * | 1976-11-06 | 1978-05-11 | Licentia Gmbh | Artillery gun ammunition and computer data system - evaluates propellant temperature and ammunition type and controls firing circuit |
| GB2094950A (en) * | 1981-03-12 | 1982-09-22 | Barr & Stroud Ltd | Gun fire control systems |
| US5700088A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1997-12-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Ammunition propellant temperature measuring assembly |
-
2006
- 2006-09-26 CH CH01528/06A patent/CH699028B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-09-24 WO PCT/CH2007/000470 patent/WO2008037104A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3956966A (en) * | 1974-07-26 | 1976-05-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Fail safe powder temperature sensor for tank fire control system |
| DE2650853A1 (en) * | 1976-11-06 | 1978-05-11 | Licentia Gmbh | Artillery gun ammunition and computer data system - evaluates propellant temperature and ammunition type and controls firing circuit |
| GB2094950A (en) * | 1981-03-12 | 1982-09-22 | Barr & Stroud Ltd | Gun fire control systems |
| US5700088A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1997-12-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Ammunition propellant temperature measuring assembly |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109374682A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-02-22 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | A kind of monitoring device of fragile material crack initiation time |
| CN109374682B (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2023-08-22 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Monitoring device for cracking time of brittle material |
| DE102020007514A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-09 | Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Weapon system for a combat vehicle, combat vehicle with the weapon system and method for defeating reactive armor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH699028B1 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
| WO2008037104A3 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
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