WO2008036318A2 - Optimized reconstruction and copyback methodology for a failed drive in the presence of a global hot spare disk - Google Patents

Optimized reconstruction and copyback methodology for a failed drive in the presence of a global hot spare disk Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008036318A2
WO2008036318A2 PCT/US2007/020307 US2007020307W WO2008036318A2 WO 2008036318 A2 WO2008036318 A2 WO 2008036318A2 US 2007020307 W US2007020307 W US 2007020307W WO 2008036318 A2 WO2008036318 A2 WO 2008036318A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
disk
raid
hot spare
failed
global hot
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2007/020307
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2008036318A8 (en
WO2008036318A3 (en
Inventor
Satish Sangapu
Kevin Kidney
Kurt Denton
Dianna Butter
Original Assignee
Lsi Logic
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lsi Logic filed Critical Lsi Logic
Priority to JP2009529224A priority Critical patent/JP5285610B2/ja
Priority to GB0905000A priority patent/GB2456081B/en
Priority to CN200780034164.4A priority patent/CN101523353B/zh
Priority to DE112007002175T priority patent/DE112007002175T5/de
Publication of WO2008036318A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008036318A2/en
Publication of WO2008036318A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008036318A3/en
Publication of WO2008036318A8 publication Critical patent/WO2008036318A8/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
    • G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
    • G06F11/1076—Parity data used in redundant arrays of independent storages, e.g. in RAID systems
    • G06F11/1092—Rebuilding, e.g. when physically replacing a failing disk
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
    • G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
    • G06F11/1008—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's in individual solid state devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/22—Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/12—Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) storage systems and, more particularly, optimizing the reconstruction of the contents of a component drive in a RAID system following its failure.
  • RAID Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks
  • Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks have become effective tools for maintaining data within current computer system architectures.
  • a RAID system utilizes an array of small, inexpensive hard disks capable of replicating or sharing data among the various drives.
  • a detailed description of the different RAID levels is disclosed by Patterson, et al. in "A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)," ACM SIGMOD Conference, June 1988. This article is incorporated by reference herein.
  • RAID level 1 comprises one or more primary disks for data storage and an equal number of additional "mirror" disks for storing a copy of all the information contained on the data disks.
  • RAID level 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 systems distribute this data across the various disks in blocks.
  • a block is composed of multiple consecutive sectors.
  • a sector is the disk drive's minimal unit of data transfer.
  • a sector is a physical section of a disk drive and comprises a collection of bytes.
  • DBN Disk Block Number
  • All RAID disks maintain the same DBN system so one block on each disk will have a given DBN.
  • a collection of blocks across the various disks which have the same DBN are collectively known as stripes.
  • volume refers to a logical grouping of physical storage space elements which are spread across multiple disks and associated disk drives, as in a RAID system. Volumes are part of an abstraction which permits a logical view of storage as opposed to a physical view of storage. As such, most operating systems see volumes as if they were independent disk drives. Volumes are created and maintained by Volume Management Software.
  • a volume group comprises a collection of distinct volumes that comprise a common set of drives.
  • new parity block (old data block xor new data block) xor old parity block
  • RAID levels 3 and 4 utilize a specific disk dedicated solely to the storage of parity blocks.
  • RAID levels 5 and 6 interleave the parity blocks across all of the various disks.
  • RAID level 6 distinguishes itself as it has two parity blocks per stripe, thus accounting for the simultaneous failure of two disks. If a given disk in the array fails, the data and parity blocks for a given stripe contained on the remaining disks can be combined to reconstruct the missing data.
  • a global hot spare disk is a disk or group of disks used to replace a failed primary disk in a RAID configuration. The equipment is powered on or considered "hot,” but is not actively functioning in the system.
  • the global hot spare disk integrates for the failed disk and reconstructs all the volume pieces of the failed disk using the data blocks and parity blocks from the remaining operational disks. Once this data is reconstructed, the global hot spare disk may function as a component disk of the RAID system until a replacement for the failed RAID disk is inserted into the RAID. When the failed primary disk is replaced, a copyback of the reconstructed data from the global hot spare to the replacement disk may occur.
  • the present invention is directed to a system and a method for optimized reconstruction and copyback of a failed RAID disk utilizing a global hot spare disk.
  • a system for the reconstruction and copyback of a failed RAID disk utilizing a global hot spare comprises the following: a processing unit requiring mass-storage; one or more disks configured as a RAID system; an associated global hot spare disk; and interconnections linking the processing unit, the RAID and the global hot spare disk.
  • a method for the reconstruction and copyback of a failed disk volume utilizing a global hot spare disk includes: detecting the failure of a RAID component disk; reconstructing a portion of the data contained on the failed RAID component disk to a global hot spare disk; replacing the failed RAID component disk; reconstructing any data on the failed RAID disk not already reconstructed to the global hot spare disk to the replacement disk; and copying any reconstructed data from the global hot spare disk back to the replacement RAID component disk.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustrative representation of an n-disk RAID system and an additional standby global hot spare disk.
  • a volume group comprising the n disks has m individual volumes, each volume being segmented into n pieces across the n disks.
  • FIG. 2 is an illustrative representation of an n-disk RAID system and an additional standby global hot spare disk wherein one of the n disks has failed.
  • FIG. 3 is an illustrative representation of an I/O request having been issued to at least one volume of a volume group, causing all volumes to transition from an optimal state into a degraded state.
  • FIG. 4 is an illustrative representation of the integration of a global hot spare disk and the reconstruction of a volume piece of a degraded-state volume from a failed disk onto the global hot spare disk utilizing data and parity information from the volume pieces from the remaining n-1 operational disks still connected in the RAID.
  • FIG. 5 is an illustrative representation reconstruction of the degraded- state volume pieces of a failed disk to a replacement disk utilizing data and parity information from the remaining n-1 operational disks still connected in the RAID.
  • FIG. 6 is an illustrative representation of the copyback of a reconstructed volume piece from the global hot spare disk to a replacement disk for a failed disk.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for the reconstruction and copyback of a failed disk in a RAID system utilizing a global hot spare disk.
  • a global hot spare disk will incorporate for the missing drive.
  • a processing unit makes an I/O request to one or more volumes in the RAID
  • the volumes which have individual volume "pieces" located on that disk transition into a "degraded” state.
  • the system initiates a reconstruction of the degraded-volume pieces on the failed disk to the global hot spare disk so as to maintain the consistency of the data. This reconstruction is achieved by use of the data and parity information maintained on the remaining drives.
  • the global hot spare disk operates as a component drive in the RAID in place of the failed disk with respect to the degraded volumes.
  • This methodology shortens the amount of time required for the reconstruction/copyback process as a whole (and thus any overall system down time). A portion of the reconstruction can be carried out directly on the replacement disk, thereby avoiding the time which would be required for copyback of that data from the global hot spare to a replacement disk.
  • This methodology also reduces the amount of time that a global hot spare is dedicated to a given volume group. As a global hot spare can only be incorporated for one failed RAID component disk at a time, the simultaneous failure of multiple RAID disks can not be handled. As such, minimizing the amount of time that a global hot spare is used as a RAID component disk is desirable.
  • a system in accordance with the invention may be implemented by incorporation into the volume management software of a processing unit requiring mass-storage, as firmware in a controller for a RAID system, or as a stand alone hardware component which interfaces with a RAID system.
  • a volume group comprises m individual volumes 130, 140, 150 and 160.
  • Each volume 130, 140, 150 and 160 is comprised of n individual pieces, each corresponding one of the n disks of the n-disk RAID system.
  • Volume management software of an external device capable of transmitting I/O requests 170 enables the device to treat each volume as being an independent disk drive.
  • FIG. 2 an illustrative representation of a mass storage system 200 comprising an n-disk RAID system 210 with an additional standby global hot spare disk 220 is shown, wherein one of the n disks 230 has failed.
  • FIG. 3 an illustrative representation of mass storage system 300 comprising an n-disk RAID system 310 with an additional standby global hot spare disk 320 is shown, wherein one of the n disks has failed 330.
  • An I/O request 340 is made to one or more of the volumes 350 by the CPU 360.
  • the individual volumes 350 transition from an optimal state to a degraded state. This transition initiates the reconstruction of the degraded-state volume pieces located on the failed disk 330 to the global hot spare disk 320.
  • FIG. 4 an illustrative representation of a mass storage system 400 comprising an n-disk RAID system 410 with an additional standby global hot spare disk 420 is shown, wherein one of the n disks 430 has failed.
  • the global hot spare disk 420 has been integrated as a component disk of the n-disk RAID system 410.
  • the volume piece 440 of a degraded-state volume 460 located on the failed disk 430 is reconstructed onto the global hot spare disk 420 utilizing the existing data blocks and parity blocks 450 from the remainder of the degraded volumes 460 of the operational disks.
  • FIG. 5 an illustrative representation of a of mass storage system 500 comprising an n-disk RAID system 510 with an additional standby ⁇ global hot spare disk 520 is shown, wherein a previously failed disk has been substituted with a replacement disk 530.
  • the volume pieces 540 corresponding to the degraded-state volume pieces contained on the failed disk are reconstructed onto the replacement disk utilizing the existing data blocks and parity blocks 550 from the remainder of the degraded volumes 560 of the operational disks.
  • FIG. 6 an illustrative representation of a of mass storage system 600 comprising an n-disk RAID system 610 with an additional standby global hot spare disk 620 is shown, wherein a previously failed disk has been substituted with a replacement disk 630.
  • the volume piece 640 of a degraded volume 650 previously reconstructed on the global hot spared disk 620 is copied back from the global hot spare disk 620 to the corresponding volume piece 660 of the replacement RAID disk 630.
  • FIG. 7 a flowchart detailing a method for the reconstruction and copyback of a failed disk in a RAID system utilizing a global hot spare disk is shown.
  • a stand-by global hot spare drive may be incorporated to account for the missing RAID disk.
  • an external device capable of transmitting I/O requests such as a CPU
  • issue an I/O request to a volume having a volume piece located on the failed disk 710
  • all volumes having volume pieces on the failed disk transition to a degraded state 720.
  • Such a transition triggers the reconstruction of the volume pieces of the failed disk.
  • the destination of the reconstructed data is dependent on whether or not a replacement disk has been inserted in place of the failed disk.
  • the i th degraded volume piece is reconstructed to the global hot spare 740. If the reconstruction occurs such that all degraded volumes are reconstructed to the global hot spare disk and the failed RAID disk has not been replaced, the global hot spare disk continues to operate in place of the failed disk with respect to the degraded volumes until the failed disk is replaced. However, if a replacement disk is inserted 730 at any point during the reconstruction process, the remaining degraded volume pieces are reconstructed to the replacement disk 750 and not to the global hot spare disk 740. The reconstruction process continues 760 until each of the each of the m volumes has been reconstructed 770 to either the global hot spare disk or the replacement disk. Following the reconstruction of all degraded volume pieces and replacement of the failed disk, those volume pieces which were reconstructed to the global hot spare disk are copied back to the replacement disk 780.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Techniques For Improving Reliability Of Storages (AREA)
  • Hardware Redundancy (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
PCT/US2007/020307 2006-09-19 2007-09-18 Optimized reconstruction and copyback methodology for a failed drive in the presence of a global hot spare disk WO2008036318A2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009529224A JP5285610B2 (ja) 2006-09-19 2007-09-18 グローバルホットスペアディスクが存在するときに、故障したドライブを復元、及びコピーバックする最適化された方法
GB0905000A GB2456081B (en) 2006-09-19 2007-09-18 Optimized reconstruction and copyback methodology for a failed drive in the presence of a global hot spare disk
CN200780034164.4A CN101523353B (zh) 2006-09-19 2007-09-18 在存在全局热备用磁盘的情况下用于故障驱动器的优化重建和向回复制的方法
DE112007002175T DE112007002175T5 (de) 2006-09-19 2007-09-18 Optimierte Rekonstruktion und Rückkopiemethodik für ein ausgefallenes Laufwerk bei Anwesenheit einer globalen Hot Spare Platte

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/523,452 2006-09-19
US11/523,452 US20080126839A1 (en) 2006-09-19 2006-09-19 Optimized reconstruction and copyback methodology for a failed drive in the presence of a global hot spare disc

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WO2008036318A2 true WO2008036318A2 (en) 2008-03-27
WO2008036318A3 WO2008036318A3 (en) 2008-08-28
WO2008036318A8 WO2008036318A8 (en) 2011-12-15

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US (1) US20080126839A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5285610B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR20090073099A (ja)
CN (1) CN101523353B (ja)
DE (1) DE112007002175T5 (ja)
GB (1) GB2456081B (ja)
WO (1) WO2008036318A2 (ja)

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CN101523353B (zh) 2014-09-17
WO2008036318A8 (en) 2011-12-15
JP2010504589A (ja) 2010-02-12
US20080126839A1 (en) 2008-05-29
CN101523353A (zh) 2009-09-02
JP5285610B2 (ja) 2013-09-11
KR20090073099A (ko) 2009-07-02
DE112007002175T5 (de) 2009-07-09
GB2456081A (en) 2009-07-08
GB0905000D0 (en) 2009-05-06
GB2456081B (en) 2011-07-13
WO2008036318A3 (en) 2008-08-28

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