WO2008028331A1 - Dispositif de production d'énergie et système de transport de cette énergie - Google Patents

Dispositif de production d'énergie et système de transport de cette énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008028331A1
WO2008028331A1 PCT/CN2006/002239 CN2006002239W WO2008028331A1 WO 2008028331 A1 WO2008028331 A1 WO 2008028331A1 CN 2006002239 W CN2006002239 W CN 2006002239W WO 2008028331 A1 WO2008028331 A1 WO 2008028331A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power generating
moving body
water
generating device
pipe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2006/002239
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jifan Jin
Original Assignee
Lanzhou Jinfule Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Kinstar International Limited
Spring Power Limited
Jin Jin Pacifique Compagnie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lanzhou Jinfule Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kinstar International Limited, Spring Power Limited, Jin Jin Pacifique Compagnie filed Critical Lanzhou Jinfule Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN2006800001489A priority Critical patent/CN101238286B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2006/002239 priority patent/WO2008028331A1/zh
Priority to EA200900372A priority patent/EA014218B1/ru
Priority to CN2007800318205A priority patent/CN101600878B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2007/002622 priority patent/WO2008034340A1/zh
Priority to EP07800839A priority patent/EP2063104A4/en
Priority to AU2007299414A priority patent/AU2007299414A1/en
Priority to JP2009525900A priority patent/JP5048067B2/ja
Priority to KR1020097006505A priority patent/KR20090063225A/ko
Priority to BRPI0715937-4A2A priority patent/BRPI0715937A2/pt
Priority to CA002662093A priority patent/CA2662093A1/en
Publication of WO2008028331A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008028331A1/zh
Priority to US12/395,454 priority patent/US8146361B2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G3/00—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors
    • F03G3/087—Gravity or weight motors
    • F03G3/094—Gravity or weight motors specially adapted for potential energy power storage stations; combinations of gravity or weight motors with electric motors or generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G3/00—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/02—Other machines or engines using hydrostatic thrust
    • F03B17/025—Other machines or engines using hydrostatic thrust and reciprocating motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/02—Other machines or engines using hydrostatic thrust
    • F03B17/04—Alleged perpetua mobilia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/008—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for characterised by the actuating element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power generating device and a transportation system having the same, and more particularly to a power generating device that generates power using natural energy and a transportation system having the power generating device.
  • Thermal power generation According to the optimal scale of 60 kW / h, the construction period generally takes three to five years, and for a large thermal power station, it takes about 10 years to complete the construction. Most of the thermal power stations use coal as fuel for power generation, and a small amount of oil and gas are used as fuel for power generation. The power generation cost of thermal power stations is higher than that of hydropower stations, which is slightly lower than nuclear power. However, due to the rise of energy prices such as crude oil in the market, the world has nuclear power costs. The situation of high and low exchanges occurs. It is unavoidable that the thermal power station will cause pollution to the atmospheric environment during power generation, especially coal-fired thermal power stations. The power conversion rate of a thermal power station is generally 35%.
  • Hydropower The optimal scale of a hydropower station is generally one million kilowatts per hour, and the construction period generally takes about ten years. Hydropower generation uses natural water to generate electricity. There is no pollution in the power generation process, and the cost is lower than other power generation methods. However, the land area is large, and the resettlement tasks are heavy and may cause damage to the ecological environment. In addition, the location requirements for hydroelectric power stations are extremely strict. In China, for example, the appropriate location of the Yellow River in the Yangtze River has been basically completed, while the rivers with sufficient water and ideal gaps, such as the Yarlung Zangbo River, the Nujiang River and the Lancang River, are located in the southern border areas of China. It is steep and complicated and cannot complete the construction of hydropower stations. Since the amount of water cannot be controlled, the amount of power generated cannot be adjusted according to actual needs. The power conversion rate of hydroelectric stations is 40% to 60%.
  • Nuclear power generation The construction period of a nuclear power plant is longer than that of a thermal power station and shorter than that of a hydropower station. Since the current nuclear power plants mainly use nuclear fission power generation, they need to use scarce and radiating "uranium" as power generation energy. The use of water is also very large, and the power generation conditions are also high. Nuclear waste is generated after power generation, and special equipment is needed. Its long-term storage to avoid nuclear leakage, so the cost is higher than other power stations. The power conversion rate of nuclear power is less than 40%. In addition to the currently used nuclear fission power generation, Pre-nuclear fusion power generation is under development and is not yet industrially applicable.
  • thermal power station needs to invest at least 3.5 billion to 5 billion yuan, while investment in nuclear power plants and hydropower stations will multiply.
  • Chinese Patent Document CN1048366C discloses a cableway power generating device, but the above-mentioned gravity potential power generating device has a common problem: if it is to be; It is necessary to make the descending object return to the original position smoothly, so that the downward and the rising line become a continuous and complete recyclable motion.
  • the process of returning a descending object to its original position often consumes equal or even more energy than that produced when the object descends, which is obviously not feasible for the purpose of power generation. Therefore, such a device cannot be used for continuous power generation, and it is difficult to become a dedicated power generation device. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a power generation device that utilizes natural energy to generate electricity, which can not only generate electricity by using the gravitational potential energy of an object, but also utilize the buoyant potential energy of the object to generate electricity, and at the same time, the sinking power generation and the floating power generation are simple and ingenious.
  • the ground connection makes it a cyclical motion power generation system, thus ensuring the continuity and stability of power generation.
  • the device comprises: a self-controlled electromechanical system for controlling automatic operation of the power generating device; a power generating assembly comprising at least one moving body for generating electricity; an electric energy conveying device, the electric energy transmitting device and the above-mentioned power generating device
  • the component is connected to transfer the electrical energy generated by the power generating component to the public power grid;
  • the device further has: a water chamber, a switching device, and a drainage device, wherein the moving body is suspended in the water chamber Or a floating motion;
  • the switching device is disposed under the water chamber for switching the moving body from a sinking state to a floating state;
  • the draining device is disposed at one side of the switching device, one end and the switching The devices are connected, and the other end leads to a sufficient capacity environment for discharging water in the switching device, so that the switching device can cyclically switch the moving body.
  • a coil or a magnet for generating electricity is disposed in a water chamber wall, and a magnet or a coil is disposed in the moving body;
  • the power generating assembly further includes a moving body Roller; the roller is used to define an interval between the moving body and the inner wall of the water and stabilize the power generating motion of the moving body.
  • the power generating assembly further includes a generator and a generator grinding wheel disposed above the water chamber, and a transmission connecting the moving body and the generator grinding wheel.
  • the transmission device is a pulley block including a pulley and a toothed belt, the pulley is disposed under the water chamber, and the toothed belt bypasses the generator grinding wheel and the pulley to form an approximately rectangular shape.
  • the moving body is fixed on a vertical side of the rectangle.
  • the generator and the generator grinding wheel are disposed below the water chamber, and the pulley is fixed above the water chamber.
  • the drain device is disposed below the switching device; water in the switching device naturally flows into the drain device.
  • the sufficient capacity environment is a water transporting device that returns the discharged water to the water chamber by natural force.
  • the environment having a sufficient capacity is a downstream river or a drain pipe.
  • the moving body is a circular sphere, an elliptical sphere, a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • one side of the moving body is provided with an annular sliding buckle, and the water chamber is provided with a guiding strop for controlling the moving body, and the annular sliding buckle is grasped by the guiding On the strop, it is used to control the stable operation of the moving body.
  • the power generating device is disposed in the ocean, and the sufficient capacity environment is a device disposed in the ocean.
  • the power generating device further includes an underwater fixing device.
  • the water fixing device includes an anchor pile disposed underground on the seabed, a steel cable fixed to the anchor pile, a float connected to an upper end of the cable, and fixed to the float. A floating plate and a floating plate strut, the water portion being fixed to the floating plate.
  • the underwater fixing device further includes a support column disposed underground of the sea floor and extending out of the sea surface.
  • the invention provides a power generating device and a transportation system including the same,
  • the power generating device includes a power generating component and a power transmitting device, a moving body, a water chamber, a switching device, and a draining device, and the switching device is disposed under the water chamber for switching the moving body from a sinking state to a floating state;
  • the power generation device can not only generate electricity by using the gravity potential energy of the object, but also utilize the buoyant potential energy of the object to generate electricity, and at the same time connect the gravity potential energy power generation and the buoyancy potential power generation to make it a circulating power generation system, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of the power generation; In the whole power generation process, all the natural energy existing in nature is used, the power generation capacity is easy to control, and the electric energy conversion rate can reach over 90%, which is higher than all existing power generation
  • the whole process of power generation is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and the cost is low.
  • the structure of the power generation device is simple and easy. OK, can be big or small, Parallel or series arrangement, according to the power generation device of the present invention, the power station is constructed with less investment, large power generation, short construction period, and fast investment recovery.
  • the present invention provides a power generating device including a power generating component and a power transmitting device, a moving body, a water chamber, a switching device, and a draining device, and the switching device is disposed in the water chamber
  • the lower part is used for switching the moving body from the sinking state to the floating state; the power generating device can not only generate power by using the gravity potential energy of the object, but also generate power by using the buoyant potential energy of the object, and at the same time connect the gravity potential energy generating power and the buoyant potential power generating power.
  • Making it a circular power generation system ensures the continuity and stability of power generation. Throughout the power generation process, all the natural energy is naturally used, and the power generation capacity is easy to control. The power conversion rate can reach over 90%.
  • All power generation methods, energy-saving and environmental protection in the whole process of power generation, low cost, simple and easy to construct power generation equipment, can be large or small, can be set in parallel or in series, the power generation unit according to the invention is constructed, the investment is small, the power generation is large, the construction period Short, investment recovery is fast.
  • the moving body is a hollow box, the gravity is less than the buoyancy, and the inlet and outlet are provided above and below; the upper door of the switching device is provided with a water inlet hole; Filling the water outlet to fill the hollow moving body with water, or controlling the water inlet and outlet and the water inlet hole to open and closely abut, the filling water can be discharged to the switching device, thereby adjusting the density of the moving body and the water. , thereby changing the state of motion of the moving body.
  • the moving body and the upper door contact portion are provided with a stable staying device for temporarily fixing the moving body and the switching device together to control the moving body to temporarily prepare for the floating preparation stage. It is in a stable state.
  • the stabilizing stay means includes a fixing member fixed to the upper door, a sliding engaging member connected by the ball and the fixing member, and a stabilizer fixed to the moving body.
  • the power generating device is disposed at a river estuary, and the water chamber has a depth of 200 meters, and the power generating device further includes a water guiding channel for introducing water in the river into the water chamber; the sufficient capacity environment It is a positive osmosis device installed on the seabed.
  • the power generating device further includes at least one water line from high to low and a filling moving body;
  • the waterless pipe is disposed on the outdoor side of the water, the upper end and the upper end of the water chamber The opening is open, the lower end protrudes into the water chamber and has a switchable port;
  • the moving body further has at least one side panel door that can be opened, and the side panel door of the moving body can be closely connected with the port
  • the filling body can enter the moving body from the waterless pipe, and float together in the water chamber together with the moving body.
  • the power generating apparatus further includes at least one water line from high to low;
  • the switching device has an upper door openable and at least one side door, the upper door
  • the water chamber is connected or spaced apart from the switching device, and the side panel door connects or separates the switching device and the waterless pipe;
  • the upper end is connected to the upper end of the water chamber, the lower end is in communication with the side panel door, and the moving body moves in a route formed by the waterless passage, the switching device and the water chamber.
  • the waterless pipe includes an upper feeding pipe, a descending pipe from high to low, and a lower guiding pipe; one end of the upper feeding pipe is connected to the upper end opening of the water chamber, and the other end is connected to the downstream
  • the beginning of the pipeline is provided with a guiding sliding device; the end of the down pipe is connected to one end of the lower guiding pipe; the other end of the lower guiding pipe is connected to the side door of the switching device.
  • the down pipe is a straight pipe, a vertical pipe or a bent pipe.
  • a coil or a magnet is disposed in the inner wall of the waterless duct, and a magnet or a coil is disposed in the moving body.
  • the waterless duct is provided with a smooth pipe rail, and the moving body has a rotating wheel through which the moving body runs on the pipe rail.
  • the inner ring of the wheel of the reel is provided with a magnet or a coil, and a coil or a magnet is disposed on the axle of the reel.
  • the power generating assembly further includes a generator set disposed above the water chamber and a transmission device suspended in the set position of the water chamber.
  • the transmission device includes a buffer plate and a balance frame disposed on the buffer plate, the balance frame is provided with a chain tooth column, and the upper end of the chain tooth column is engaged with the generator grinding wheel .
  • the moving body is provided with a brake power generating device for controlling the moving body to gradually return to zero and generate electric energy during the entire process of entering the switching device.
  • the moving body is a hollow moving body.
  • the moving body is a solid and hollow alternating telescopic member, and the buoyancy in the extended state is greater than the gravity.
  • the power output device includes a cable disposed in a down pipe adjacent to the pipe wall, a wire connected to a coil in the rotating wheel, and a wire connected to slidably grasp the cable.
  • Trolley-style bogie cable clasp grabs the sliding roller.
  • the present invention also provides a power generating device comprising the power generating device as described above disposed in series along the terrain from the high to the bottom, wherein the drain device of the previous power generating device passes through the water chamber of the next power generating device and is disposed at the lowest point.
  • the drainage device of the power generation device leads to the downstream river.
  • the present invention also provides a power generating device comprising the power generating device as described above arranged in parallel, wherein the first power generating device and the last power generating device arranged in parallel have one of the waterless pipes, and the intermediate power generating device has two The waterless conduit; the bottom end of the waterless conduit of the first power generating device is connected to the second power generating device switching device, and the bottom end of the first waterless conduit of the second power generating device is connected to the switching device of the first power generating device; The bottom end of the second waterless pipe of the second power generating device is connected to the switching device of the third power generating device, and the first waterless pipe of the third power generating device is connected to the switching device of the second power generating device; connected in turn; the second to last power generation The second waterless conduit of the device is connected to the switching device of the last power generating device; the bottom end of the waterless conduit of the last power generating device is connected to the switching device of the penultimate power generating device.
  • the invention also provides a pipeline transportation system, comprising the power generation device and the underground transportation flat pipe as described above, the beginning end of the underground transportation flat pipe is connected with the bottom end of the waterless pipe of the power generation device, and the terminal is connected To the ground of the lower ground, the moving body is moved along the underground transport flat pipe, and the person loaded in the hollow portion is transported to the set place.
  • the terminal of the underground transport flat tube leads to the ascending device.
  • the ascending device is a water chamber of a next power generating device disposed at the terminal of the transport flat pipe.
  • the ascending device is a floating water ladder.
  • the invention provides a power generating device that utilizes the natural energy naturally occurring in the whole power generation process, and the power generation amount is easy to control, and the electric energy conversion rate can reach more than 90%, which is higher than all existing power generation modes, and the whole process of power generation is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
  • the utility model has the advantages of low cost, simple and easy structure of the power generating device, large or small, and can be arranged in parallel or in series. According to the power generating device of the invention, the power station is constructed, the investment is small, the power generation is large, the construction period is short, and the investment recovery is fast.
  • the transportation system according to the present invention uses the moving body of the power generating device of the present invention as a transportation means, and adopts a smooth and straight horizontal pipe as a transportation track, and uses a very small portion of the power generation device of the above-mentioned power generation device as a power drive, which is suitable for Marine and terrestrial transportation systems.
  • the transport flat pipe resistance coefficient can be very low (0.03), the stability is good, straight, smooth, excellent, and the transportation consumption is extremely low. It is an effective setting for idle and ultra-high-speed vehicles, and it can be high speed and super high speed.
  • Flat pipe transportation provides effective protection.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein a magnet is disposed inside the water chamber, and a coil is disposed in the moving body;
  • FIG. 1b is a cross-sectional view of the power generating device in FIG. Is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein a water indoor wall coil is provided with a magnet in a moving body;
  • FIG. 1D is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of the power generating device in FIG.
  • FIG. 1c A cross-sectional enlarged view of the pause stabilization device of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein a generator set is disposed above a water chamber
  • Figure 2b is a schematic view of a power generating assembly for a power generating apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • 20 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the power generating apparatus of the present invention, wherein the generator is disposed below the water chamber
  • Figure 2d is a schematic top view of the power generation device in Figure 2a
  • Figure 2e is moving in Figure 2a
  • Figure 2f is a top plan view of the switching device of Figure 2a;
  • Figure 3a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein a generator set is disposed above a water chamber;
  • Figure 3b is a schematic view of a power generating assembly for a power generating apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
  • Figure 3c is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating device according to a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein the generator set is disposed below the water chamber;
  • Figure 3d is a top plan view of the power generating device of Figure 3a;
  • FIG. 4b is a power generating device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, wherein a water conduit is provided at an upper end of the water chamber;
  • Figure 5b is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the power generating apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, wherein the upper end of the water chamber
  • Figure 5c is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, wherein the generator set is disposed above the water chamber;
  • Figure 6a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6b is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, wherein a water guiding channel is disposed at an upper end of the water chamber, and the generator set is disposed at
  • Figure 6c is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, wherein a water conduit is disposed at an upper end of the water chamber, and a generator set is disposed below the water chamber;
  • Figure 7a is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7b is a schematic plan view of the power generating device of Figure 7a
  • Figure 7c is a cross-sectional view of the power generating device of Figure 7a in another direction
  • Figure 7d is a schematic view showing the structure of a feeding slide device for use in the present invention
  • Figures 7e and 7f are two shapes of a waterless pipe according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 8a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 8b is a top plan view of the power generating device of Figure 8a;
  • Figure 9a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating apparatus according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention, wherein the down pipe is a tilt pipe disposed on one side of the water chamber;
  • Figure % is a side view of the power generating device of Figure 9a;
  • Figure 9c is 9a is a schematic cross-sectional view of the power generating device of the power generating device according to the present invention;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the power generating device according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention;
  • the down pipe is a straight pipe, set in two waters In the middle of the room;
  • Figure 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a power generating device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11a is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating apparatus according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 1b is a top plan view of the power generating device of Figure 11a
  • Figure 11c is a schematic view of the power generating device of Figure 11a;
  • FIG. 12a and 12b are schematic views of a power generating device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13a is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a power generating apparatus according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 13b is a cross-sectional view of another direction of the water chamber of the power generating apparatus of Figure 13a
  • Figure 13c is a water chamber of Figure 13a
  • FIGS. 13d to 13g are several shapes of the waterless duct used in the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a power generating device according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a transport system in accordance with a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a transport system in accordance with a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 16b is a top plan view of the transport system of Figure 16a
  • Figure 16c is an enlarged view of a portion A of Figure 16a.
  • 17a to 17d show several arrangements of coils and magnets used in the power generating assembly of the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 18a to 18j show several forms of a moving body for use in the present invention
  • Figures 20a and 20b show two arrangements for the switching device and the drainage device of the present invention
  • Figures 21a to 21c show another structure for the moving body of the present invention and the structure of the corresponding switching device . detailed description
  • a power generating apparatus includes a water chamber 1, a switching device 2 and a drain device 3, a power generating unit 4, and an electric power conveying device 5.
  • the water chamber 1 is optimally installed on the bank of a river with a suitable amount of water, and a water diversion channel (not shown) is excavated between the water chamber and the river.
  • the upper side of the water chamber 1 is provided with a water intake port (not shown), and the bow I nozzle communicates with the aforementioned water conduit for injecting water into the water chamber 1.
  • a sand water separation device is arranged on the water conduit to avoid sand deposition in the water chamber 1 and affect the service life of the power generation device.
  • the switching device 2 is disposed at a lower portion of the water chamber 1, and has an upper door 21 and a vent (not shown), and the upper door 21 separates the water chamber 1 from the switching device 2.
  • a water inlet hole 23 is provided in the upper portion of the upper door 21.
  • the drain device 3 is disposed below the switching device 2 and has a larger capacity than the switching device 2. Drainage unit 3 has and switches A drain hole (not shown) through which the device 2 communicates, through which water in the switching device 5 can enter the drain device 3.
  • the drain device 3 has a drain pipe, and the end of the drain pipe leads to a lower river or a drain pipe (not shown) lower than the drain device 3, for draining the water poured out from the switching device 2 in time to prepare Drain the next time. Air holes are also provided in the drain device 3.
  • the power generating assembly 4 includes a moving body 41 which is a hollow box having a plurality of switchable upper and lower inlet and outlet ports 413, wherein the lower inlet and outlet ports and the water inlet hole 23 on the upper plate door 21 are provided. The location corresponds.
  • a moving body 41 which is a hollow box having a plurality of switchable upper and lower inlet and outlet ports 413, wherein the lower inlet and outlet ports and the water inlet hole 23 on the upper plate door 21 are provided. The location corresponds.
  • the moving body 41 discharges part of the water, the gravity of the moving body 41 is lower than that of the buoyant moving body 41, and the water in the moving body 41 is not completely discharged yet.
  • the difference in gravity and buoyancy of the moving body 41 is small, and the movement The floating energy of the body 41 is small, and therefore it is necessary to set a special stable suspension device to control the moving body 41 that sinks to the bottom of the water chamber 1 to stay above the switching device 2 to achieve sufficient drainage.
  • the upper panel door 21 is further provided with a plurality of stable suspension mechanisms 22, and the stable suspension mechanism 22 includes a fixing member 221 disposed on the upper panel door 21 and passes through The balls are connected to the pair of sliding clips 222 to which the fixing members are connected, and the pair of sliding clips 222 can be relatively slid, opened or closed.
  • the moving body 41 is further provided with a plurality of stabilizers 412, a stabilizer 412 and a sliding clip 222 that can be snapped into the stabilizing stay mechanism 22.
  • the stable suspension mechanism 22 is used to temporarily fix the moving body 41 to the switching device 2 when it sinks to the bottom of the water chamber 1 so as to be sufficiently drained.
  • the coil and the magnet for power generation are arranged in two ways.
  • a magnet is disposed in the inner wall of the water chamber 1, and a coil is disposed in the moving body 41.
  • the electric power conveying device 5 is a cable connected to the coil in the moving body 41 and a brush connected to the electric cable for conveying the electric energy generated by the moving body 41 to the public power grid.
  • a coil is disposed in the inner wall of the water chamber 1, and a magnet is disposed in the moving body 41.
  • the power transmitting device 5 is a cable connecting the coil and the public power grid.
  • the moving body 41 In order to control the distance between the moving body 41 and the inner wall of the water chamber 1, stable power generation is maintained, and the moving body 41 is provided with a roller 411 which is in contact with the inner wall of the water chamber 1, and is slidable on the inner wall surface of the water chamber 1.
  • the moving body 41 is placed at the water surface position in the water chamber 1, and the upper and lower inlet and outlet ports are controlled to open, and the water in the water chamber 1 naturally flows into the hollow portion of the moving body 41; when the moving body 41 and the water contained therein are total
  • the upper and lower inlet and outlet ports are controlled to be closed.
  • the moving body 41 sinks and moves downward relative to the inner wall of the water chamber 1, that is, the coil moves relative to the magnet to generate electric energy.
  • the generated electrical energy is connected to the coil Power transmission device 5 is delivered to the public power grid
  • the sliding member 222 When the moving body 41 reaches the bottom of the water chamber 1 and is in a certain gap with the switching device 2, the sliding member 222 is relatively slid open, so that the stabilizer 412 of the moving body 41 falls between the sliding members 222 and the fixing member The contact 221 is then controlled to close the slide catch 222, and the stabilizer 412 is caught, and the moving body 41 is temporarily fixed above the switching device 2 with a certain gap.
  • the control makes the lower inlet and outlet of the moving body 41 and the water inlet hole 23 on the switching device 2 abut, opening the valve on the lower inlet and outlet and the water inlet hole, and the water is discharged from the hollow portion of the moving body 41 by gravity.
  • the device 2 simultaneously controls the opening of the drain hole between the switching device 2 and the drain device 3, and drains the drain device 3 in time.
  • the inlet and outlet holes 413 of the moving body 41 and the water inlet holes 23 of the upper door 21 are closed, and the sliding engaging member 222 is released, and the moving body 41 is released.
  • the buoyancy of the moving body 41 is greater than the gravity, that is, the density is less than the density of the water, and the upward movement is performed with respect to the inner wall of the water chamber 1, that is, the coil moves relative to the magnet to generate electric energy, and the generated electric energy is transmitted to the public through the electric energy conveying device 5.
  • Grid
  • the moving body 41 When the moving body 41 reaches the water surface in the water chamber 1, the above operation is repeated to circulate the motion of the moving body 41. During the whole process, the moving body 41 first sinks under the action of gravity. When the bottom of the water chamber 1 is reached, the relationship between the buoyancy and the gravity of the moving body 41 changes by the switching of the switching device 2, and the state of the sinking state is changed to the floating state. And then float up under the influence of buoyancy. Guaranteed switching by drain 3
  • the device 2 has sufficient capacity to ensure that the moving body 41 can be switched in time in the floating state and the sinking state, and the vertical movement is repeated continuously, and the moving body 41 can generate electricity during the up and down movement, so the device A large amount of electricity can be generated without interruption. Moreover, since the buoyancy potential of the moving body 41 is very large, the electric power generated during the floating process of the moving body 41 is much larger than the electric power generated during the sinking process. According to the calculation of 6 million kWh per hour, the weight of the moving body 41 is 11,688.52 tons, and the water consumption per second is 30,612.22 cubic meters. Among them, the power generation during the floating process is 4 million kWh per hour, and the floating power generation is 2 million kWh. The floating process power generation is twice the amount of power generated by the sinking process.
  • Figures 2a to 2f show a power generating apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the structures of the water chamber 1 and the drain unit 3 are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the switching device 2 has substantially the same structure as that of the first embodiment, and has an upper door 21 and a stable suspension means 22 and a water inlet hole 23 provided in the upper door 21.
  • the upper door 21 also has a first through hole 24.
  • the power generating assembly 4 includes a moving body 41, a pulley block 42 as a transmission, a fixing device 43 disposed above the water chamber 1, and a row of generator sets 44 disposed on the fixing device 43.
  • the moving body 41 is a hollow box, and the structure thereof is basically the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the number of pulley blocks 42 is the same as the number of generator sets 44.
  • the movement of the moving body 41 is transmitted to the generator grinding wheel in each of the generator sets 44 through the pulley block 42, and the generator set 44 is driven to generate electricity.
  • the pulley block 42 includes a pulley 421 and a toothed belt 422.
  • the moving body 41 is further provided with a plurality of fixing members 414 and a plurality of second through holes 415, and the positions of the second through holes 415 and the positions of the first through holes 24 respectively correspond.
  • the pulley 421 is fixed under the water chamber 1, the upper end of the toothed belt 422 is wound with a generator grinding wheel, the lower end passes through the first through hole 24 and the second through hole 415, and a pulley 421 disposed under the water chamber 1 is wound to constitute an approximation.
  • a rectangular shape, the moving body 41 is fixed to a vertical side of the approximately rectangular shape by a fixing member 414.
  • the generator 44 in this embodiment can also be disposed below the water chamber 1, and the pulley 421 is fixed to the fixture 43.
  • annular slider 416 may be provided on the moving body 41, and a guide rail 45 may be disposed in the water chamber 1 to control the movement of the moving body 41 along a fixed movement path.
  • the working process of the power generating device according to the present embodiment is as follows:
  • the moving body 41 is placed at the water surface position in the water chamber 1, and the upper and lower inlet and outlet ports 413 are controlled to open, and the water in the water chamber 1 naturally flows into the hollow portion of the moving body 41; when the moving body 41 and the water contained therein are filled
  • the upper and lower inlet and outlet ports 413 are controlled to be closed.
  • the moving body 41 sinks.
  • the sinking belt 422 of the moving body 41 rotates, and the rotation of the tooth belt 422 drives the generator grinding wheel to rotate, thereby driving the generator set 44 to generate electricity.
  • the emitted electrical energy is delivered to the utility grid via an electrical energy delivery device 5 connected to the coils in the genset 44.
  • Figures 3a to 3e show a power generating apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the structures of the water chamber 1, the switching device 2, and the drain device 3 are the same as those of the second embodiment.
  • the structure of the power generating device 4 is also substantially the same as that of the second embodiment, with the difference that the generator set 44 in this embodiment is two rows; the moving body 41 is two identical hollow boxes.
  • Each pulley block 42 corresponds to two generator sets 44 arranged side by side.
  • Each pulley block 42 includes two pulleys 421 disposed below the water chamber 1 and a toothed belt 422 that bypasses the pulley 421 and the corresponding generator grinding wheel to form an approximately rectangular shape.
  • the two moving bodies 41 are respectively fixed at corresponding positions on the vertical sides of the toothed belt 422 by the fixing members 414, SP: when the moving body 41 on the vertical side of the toothed belt 422 is at the top end of the water chamber 1, the movement on the other side The body 41 is just at the lower end of the water chamber 1 and is in contact with the switching device 2.
  • the operation of the power generating apparatus according to the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the second embodiment, with the difference that: when the toothed belt 422 When the moving body 41 on the vertical side performs the sinking motion, the moving body 41 on the other side simultaneously performs the ascending motion; when the moving body 41 on the vertical side makes the ascending motion, the moving body 41 on the other side sinks. motion. This is the continuous cycle of power generation.
  • the switching of the switching device 2 is also utilized to realize the change of the moving state of the moving body 41, thereby realizing the connection between the two processes of using gravity power generation and buoyancy power generation.
  • the amount of power generation is increased by providing two moving bodies 41 on the same pulley block 42.
  • Figures 4a, 4b show a power generating device in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power generating device substantially the same as the first embodiment of the present invention is disposed at the mouth of the river.
  • the structures of the water chamber 1, the switching device 2, the drain device 3, and the power generating assembly 4 are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • a fresh water intake channel 6 is disposed above the water chamber, and the water conduit 6 is connected to the river and the other end is connected to the water chamber 1 and is provided with a water injection port 61.
  • the moving body 41 has the same components as those of the first embodiment, wherein the upper and lower water inlet and outlet ports 413 of the moving body 41 correspond to the positions of the water injection ports 61 for filling the moving body 41 with fresh water.
  • the drain device 3 of the present embodiment has a forward osmosis device 32 disposed at a water depth of 200 meters in addition to the same components as the first embodiment, and the seawater introduction pipe 321 is disposed on the forward osmosis device 32. It is used to introduce seawater from other places around the forward osmosis device 32 to ensure the rapid and continuous continuous penetration of fresh water into the seawater, thereby ensuring sufficient capacity of the switching device 2 to quickly and quickly reverse the movement state of the moving body 41.
  • the coil and the magnet for generating electricity are also provided in two ways.
  • a coil is arranged in the inner wall of the water, and a magnet is arranged in the moving body.
  • a magnet is arranged in the inner wall of the water, and a coil is arranged in the moving body.
  • a cable and a brush connected to the cable are required in the power transmitting device, so that the moving body 41 can output electric energy through the cable connected thereto during the up and down movement.
  • an underwater fixing device 7 which includes an anchor pile 71 disposed underground on the seabed, and a steel cable 72 fixed to the anchor pile 71, through The cable 72 is fixed to the float 73, and the float 73 is provided with a floating top column 74, and the floating plate 75 is fixed to the top of the floating top column 74.
  • the power transfer device 5 is fixed to the floating plate 75.
  • the moving body 41 is placed at the water surface position in the water chamber 1, and the upper and lower water inlet and outlet ports 413 and the water injection port 61 of the moving body 41 are closely connected and connected, and the water in the water injection pipe 6 naturally flows into the hollow portion of the moving body 41;
  • the upper inlet and outlet 413 is controlled to be closed.
  • the moving body 41 performs the same sinking motion as the first embodiment,
  • the first embodiment generates electricity and delivers it to the public power grid in the same manner.
  • the above operation is repeated to cause the motion of the moving body 41 to generate electricity.
  • the emitted electrical energy is delivered to the utility grid via an electrical energy delivery device 5 connected to the genset 44.
  • Figures 5a to 5c show a power generating apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power generating device substantially the same as the second embodiment of the present invention is disposed in the seawater of the river estuary. Since the power generating device of the present embodiment is disposed in seawater, the seawater can constitute a natural water chamber for the floating body of the moving body 41, and the four walls of the water chamber 1 can be no longer provided for the purpose of material saving. However, in order to control the movement of the moving body 41 along the set line, the guide rail 45 is provided and an annular slider 416 is provided on the side of the moving body 41 to control the movement of the moving body 41 along the set route.
  • the structure of the switching device 2 and the power generating unit 4 and the power transmitting unit 5 are basically the same as those of the second embodiment. However, since the components are placed in seawater, it is necessary to provide a special water fixing device 7 to fix the respective components.
  • the underwater fixing device 7 includes an anchor pile 71 disposed underground on the seabed, a steel cable 72 fixed on the anchor pile 71, a float 73 fixed by the steel cable 72, a floating plate top column 74 disposed on the float 73, and the floating plate 75 fixed on the floating plate 75.
  • the floating plate 75 has the same shape on the water surface as the upper end surface of the water chamber 1 in the second embodiment.
  • the power generating assembly 44 and the fixture 43 are fixed to the floating plate 75.
  • the guide rail 45 is fixed at the bottom of the underground anchor pile 71, and the other end is fixed to the floating plate 75.
  • the drain device 3 selects a different drainage method depending on the water quality for holding the hollow portion of the moving body 41.
  • the fresh water introduced from the river is filled in the moving body 41 in the same manner as the fourth embodiment.
  • the drain device 3 includes the same fresh water forward osmosis device 32 as in the fourth embodiment, so as to The fresh water poured out from the switching device 2 is discharged into the seawater; as shown in Fig. 5c, the moving body 41 is directly filled with seawater, and at this time, the drain device 3 includes a reverse osmosis device (not shown) for converting seawater into fresh water, Fresh water and mineral concentrated water converted by the reverse osmosis unit are collected using natural energy.
  • the reverse osmosis device is a novel reverse osmosis device unique to the present inventors, and is suitably disposed in the deep sea in cooperation with the power generating device of the present embodiment.
  • the moving body 41 is fixed to the winding pulley 421 and the generator grinding wheel in the same manner as the second embodiment.
  • the annular sliding buckle 416 provided on one side of each moving body 41 grasps the corresponding guiding rail 45 to run along the set route.
  • the operation of the power generating apparatus of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the second embodiment - in the manner shown in Fig. 5c, when the moving body 41 is placed at the sea level surrounded by the floating plate 75, the upper and lower inlet and outlet ports 413 are controlled to open.
  • the water in the water chamber naturally flows into the hollow portion of the moving body 41; when the total weight of the moving body 41 and the water contained therein is larger than the buoyancy of the moving body 41 and reaches the weight set by the power generation, the inlet and outlet 413 are controlled to be closed.
  • the moving body 41 sinks.
  • the moving body 41 sinks along the line of motion defined by the annular slider 416 of the catch on the guide rail 45, and generates electricity and delivers it to the public power grid in the same manner as the second embodiment.
  • the moving body 41 is placed at the water surface position in the water chamber 1, and the water injection hole 61 and the upper inlet and outlet port 413 are controlled to be docked and opened, and the water in the water injection pipe 6 naturally flows into the movement.
  • the hollow portion of the body 41 when the moving body 41 reaches the bottom of the water chamber 1, the water in the hollow portion of the moving body 41 passes through the switching device, and is then discharged into the seawater through the forward osmosis device 32.
  • the other process is the same as that shown in Figure 5c.
  • Figures 6a to 6c show a power generating apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a power generating device having substantially the same structure as that of the third embodiment of the present invention is disposed in seawater.
  • the seawater may constitute a natural water chamber 1 for the floating body of the moving body 41.
  • water may not be disposed.
  • a vertically oriented guide rail 45 is provided and an annular slider 416 is provided on the side of the moving body 41.
  • the structure of the switching device 2 and the power generating unit 4 and the power transmitting device 5 are basically the same as those of the second embodiment. As shown in Fig.
  • the moving body 41 is filled with fresh water through a water guiding passage 6 provided above the water chamber, and therefore, the draining device 3 further includes a forward osmosis device 32 communicating with the other end of the drain pipe.
  • the drain 3 includes a seawater reverse osmosis unit.
  • the wall of the water chamber 1 may be provided in seawater.
  • the underwater fixing device 7 includes an anchor pile 71 disposed underground on the sea floor, a steel cable 72 fixed on the anchor pile 71, and a steel The cable 72 is fixed to the float 73.
  • the float plate 73 is provided with a floating plate top column 74, and the floating plate 75 is fixed to the top of the floating plate top column 74.
  • the floating plate 75 has the same shape as the upper end surface of the water chamber 1 in the first embodiment on the water surface.
  • the power generating assembly 43 and the fixing device 44 are fixed to the floating plate 75.
  • Pulley 421, switching device 2, drainage device 3 is set on the seabed, and the bottom of the sea is reinforced.
  • the vertical orientation guide rail 45 is fixed at the bottom of the underground anchor pile 71, and the other end is fixed to the floating plate 75.
  • the two moving bodies 41 are respectively fixed to corresponding positions on the vertical sides of the toothed belt 422 wound around the pulley 421 and the generator grinding wheel in the same manner as the third embodiment; meanwhile, they are disposed on the respective moving bodies 41.
  • the side annular slider 416 buckles the corresponding guide rail 45.
  • the moving body 41 when the moving body 41 is placed at the sea surface position surrounded by the floating plate 75, the moving body 41 is placed at the water surface position in the water chamber 1, and the upper and lower inlet and outlet ports 413 are controlled to open, the water chamber.
  • the water in the water naturally flows into the hollow portion of the moving body 41.
  • the upper and lower inlet and outlet ports 413 are controlled to be closed.
  • the moving body 41 sinks.
  • the moving body 41 sinks along the movement path defined by the snap-shaped buckle 416 on the guide rail 45, and generates electricity and conveys it to the public power grid in the same manner as the second embodiment.
  • the moving body 41 is placed at the water surface position in the water chamber 1, and the upper inlet and outlet port 413 and the water injection port 61 are opened and the two are closely butted, and the water in the water injection pipe 6 is naturally rushed.
  • the hollow portion of the moving body 41 is inserted.
  • the other process is the same as that shown in Figure 6a.
  • the above operation is repeated to circulate the motion of the moving body 41.
  • the moving body 41 fixed to the vertical side of the toothed belt 422 sinks, the moving body 41 fixed to the other side of the vertical direction floats, and vice versa.
  • Figures 7a to 7f show a power generating apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power generating apparatus is disposed on the bank of a river having a suitable amount of water, and includes a water chamber 1, a switching device 2, a drain device 3, a power generating unit 4, an electric power conveying device 5, and a waterless duct 8.
  • the water chamber 1 is preferably disposed on the bank of a river with a suitable amount of water, and a water diversion channel 10 is excavated between the water chamber and the river for injecting water into the water chamber 1.
  • a sand water separating device 101 is disposed thereon to avoid sand deposition in the water chamber 1, affecting the power generating device Service life.
  • the switching device 2 is disposed at a lower portion of the water chamber 1, and has an upper door 21, a vent 25, and a side door 26, and the upper door 21 can be opened or closed for connecting or separating the water chamber 1 and the switching device 2.
  • the side panel door 26 can be opened and closed for connecting or spacing the switching device 2 and the waterless conduit 8.
  • the drain device 3 is disposed on the side or below of the switching device 2, and has a larger capacity than the switching device 2.
  • the drain device 3 has a drain hole 31 communicating with the switching device 2, and the water in the switching device 5 can enter the drain device 3 through the drain hole 31.
  • the drain device 3 further has a drain pipe 33, and the end of the drain pipe 33 leads to a lower river or a drain pipe (not shown) lower than the drain device 3, for draining the water poured out from the switching device 2 in time. In order to prepare for the next drainage.
  • a vent (not shown) is also provided in the drain unit 3.
  • the power generating apparatus of this embodiment differs from the foregoing embodiment in that a waterless duct 8 is added outside the water chamber 1.
  • the waterless duct 8 includes an upper duct 81, a descending duct 82 inclined from high to low, and a lower duct 83.
  • the upper feeding duct 81 is connected to the upper end opening of the water chamber 1, and is provided with a guiding sliding device, and the other end is connected to the beginning of the downward duct 82 which is disposed underground of the side of the water chamber 1, and the terminal of the descending duct 82 is connected to the lower end.
  • One end of the duct 83 is connected; the other end of the lower duct 83 is connected to the side door 26 of the switching device 2.
  • the guiding sliding device comprises a side disposed on the upper feeding duct 81 and the water chamber 1, and includes a telescopic guiding slide 811, and a feeding slide 811 storage chamber 812, and a driving device 813, correspondingly, in the water
  • a support member 11 is provided at a corresponding position in the chamber 1.
  • the waterless pipe 8 may also be two or more, and may be arranged in a shape as shown in Figs. 7e and 7f.
  • the power generation assembly 4 includes a downstream power generation component and a floating power generation component. Both the downstream power generation component and the floating power generation component include a moving body 41. Among them, in the downstream power generation component, the moving body 41 is a hollow oblate spheroid with a runner 417, and the buoyancy is greater than gravity. As shown in Fig. 17a, a magnet for generating electricity is disposed in the inner wall of the downcomer pipe 82, and a coil for generating electricity is disposed in the moving body 41.
  • the power transmitting device 5 is a cable connected to the coil in the moving body 41. And a conveyor that connects the cable with a brush.
  • a coil may be provided in the inner wall of the downcomer pipe 82, and a magnet is disposed in the moving body 41.
  • the power output device 5 is a cable connected to the coil in the inner wall of the downcomer pipe 82. As shown in FIGS.
  • a coil and a magnet may be disposed in the runner 417, wherein a magnet or a coil is disposed on the inner ring of the wheel, and a coil or a magnet is disposed on the rotating shaft, and at this time, the power transmission device 5
  • a cable 51 disposed in the downcomer pipe 82 near the pipe wall, a wire 52 connected to the coil in the runner 417, and a trolley trolley cable slidably fastened to the cable 51 are slidably fastened to the cable 51. Grab the sliding roller 418.
  • the floating power generation assembly includes a fixing device 43 disposed above the water chamber 1 and a solid The genset 44 and the damper transmission 47 are fixed to the fixture 43.
  • the buffer transmission 47 is at a set position of the water chamber 1, and includes a buffer plate 471, a balance frame 472 disposed on the buffer plate, a chain stud 472 disposed in the middle of the balance frame 472, a chain gear column 473, and a generator set 44 for power generation.
  • the machine tooth grinding wheel meshes.
  • the moving body 41 in this embodiment can be of various shapes.
  • the water in the switching device 2 is pumped into the drain 3 and discharged to a lower river or drain pipe below the drain.
  • the moving body 41 is disposed at the upper end of the downcomer pipe 82. Due to the action of gravity, the moving body 41 slides down the pipe rail, and moves downward with respect to the inner wall of the down pipe 82, that is, the coil moves relative to the magnet to generate electric energy.
  • the generated electrical energy is delivered to the public electrical grid via the electrical energy delivery device 5.
  • the moving body 41 moves to the bottom end of the down pipe 82, it is driven to the lower lead pipe 82 to continue to operate; when moving to the side door 26 of the switching device 2, the side door 26 of the switching device 2 is controlled to open, and the movement The body 41 continues to operate into the switching device 2; at this time, the control closes the side panel door 26, opens the upper panel door 21, and the water flows into the switching device 2; since the gravity of the moving body 41 is less than the buoyancy, the floating body starts to float, and the moving body 41 floats continuously. Accelerate until it contacts the slow drive 47. Upon contact with the slow drive 47, the moving body 41 exerts a tremendous impact on the slow drive 47, driving the buffer drive 47 upward. The sprocket column 473 then moves upwards, driving the generator grinding wheel, which in turn drives the generator set 44 to generate electricity. The generated electrical energy is delivered to the utility grid via an electrical energy delivery device 5 connected to the coils in the genset 44.
  • the driving guide slide 811 extends below the moving body 41, and the protruding end is supported on the support member 11. At this time, the moving body 41 is driven, and the moving body 41 can be guided along the guiding slide 811.
  • the upper lead passage 81 is further led to the upper end of the down pipe 82. Then, the control guide slide 811 is retracted, reciprocatingly cycled, and continuously generated.
  • the moving body 41 first descends under the action of gravity, and reaches the bottom of the waterless pipe 8, as shown in Figs. 19d to 19e, the control side panel door 26 is opened, and the moving body 41 is in the waterless state due to the switching device 2 It is easy to enter the switching device 2; as shown in Figs.
  • a brake mechanism of the moving body as a brake power generating device (not shown) for controlling the brake deceleration when the moving body 41 is moved to the vicinity of the side panel door 26, and at the same time, the energy obtained by the deceleration is used for power generation, After the moving body 41 completely enters the switching device 2, the speed is exactly zero.
  • the moving body 41 is switched from the down state to the floating state. Then float up under the influence of buoyancy.
  • the drainage device 3 ensures that the switching device 2 has sufficient capacity to ensure that the moving body 41 can be switched in the floating state and the downward state in time, and the vertical movement is repeated continuously, and the moving body 41 can be moved up and down. Power generation, so the device can generate electricity in large quantities without interruption.
  • the moving body 41 can also be made into a retractable component.
  • the solid body with gravity greater than buoyancy can be descended by gravity, and can be converted into a hollow body with buoyancy greater than gravity after being stretched. , able to float in the water.
  • the switching device 2 is configured to accommodate the shape of the extended moving body 41 to ensure that the moving body 41 can be easily extended therein even if the moving body 41 is switched from the descending state to the floating state.
  • the moving body 41 of this structure can reduce the construction material of the waterless pipe 8.
  • Figures 8a and 8b show a power generating apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a power generating apparatus is disposed on a bank of a river having a suitable amount of water, and includes a first power generating unit A and a second power generating unit B which are disposed in parallel on both sides of the river.
  • the first power generating device A and the second power generating device B both include a water chamber 1, a switching device 2, a drain device 3, a power generating unit 4, an electric power conveying device 5, and a waterless duct 8, and the structures of the respective components are the same as those of the seventh embodiment.
  • the bottom end of the first water-free conduit 8A of the first power generating device A leads to the second switching device 2B of the second power generating device, and the second water-free channel 8B of the second power generating device B leads to the switching of the first power generating device Device 1B.
  • the first waterless conduit 2A and the second waterless conduit 2B are each disposed without crossing.
  • the moving body 41 moving along the down pipe 82A of the first power generating device A to the bottom end can directly run into the switching device 2B of the second power generating device B, and then float back to the upper port through the water chamber 2B of the second power generating device B.
  • the pipe 81B correspondingly, the moving body 41 moving to the bottom end along the down pipe 82B of the second power generating device B can be operated into the switching device 2A of the first power generating device A, and floats back in the water chamber 1A of the first power generating device A.
  • the water pipe 83A is led up to generate electricity by cycle.
  • the apparatus of this embodiment simplifies the installation of the apparatus and increases the amount of power generation.
  • Figures 9a through 9e illustrate a power generating device in accordance with a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a power generating apparatus is disposed in seawater, and includes a water chamber 1, a switching device 2, a drain device 3, a power generating unit 4, an electric energy conveying device 5, and a waterless duct 8. Since the power generating device of the present embodiment is disposed in seawater, the seawater can constitute a natural water chamber for the floating body of the moving body 41. For the purpose of material saving, the four walls of the water chamber 1 can be omitted. However, in order to control the movement of the moving body 41 along the set path, the guide rail 41 is provided and an annular slider 416 is provided on the side of the moving body 41.
  • the switching device 2, the structure of the electric power conveying device 5 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the drain 3 also includes a seawater forward osmosis unit (not shown).
  • the power generation of the present embodiment is divided into two processes, that is, the downward power generation process of the moving body 41 in the waterless duct 8 and the floating power generation process of the moving body 41 in the water chamber 1. corresponding.
  • the power generation assembly 4 includes a downstream power generation component and a floating power generation component. Among them, the structure of the downstream power generating component and the floating power generating component is the same as that of the seventh embodiment. Since the components are disposed in the seawater, it is necessary to provide a special underwater fixing device 7 to fix the respective components.
  • the underwater fixing device 7 of the embodiment includes an anchor pile 71 disposed underground on the seabed, a steel cable 72 fixed on the anchor pile 71, a float 73 fixed by the steel cable 72, and a floating plate top column 74 on the float 73, the floating plate 75 25 is fixed to the top of the floating plate top column 74.
  • the floating plate 75 encloses the same shape on the water surface as the upper end surface of the water chamber 1 in the seventh embodiment.
  • the underwater fixture 7 further includes a support column 76 which is a cylinder whose bottom end is built underground under the sea floor and whose top end protrudes from the sea surface.
  • the fixing device 43 and the power generating unit 44 are fixed to the floating plate 75; the upper feeding pipe 82 and the guiding sliding plate 84 are fixed to the floating plate 75, and the top end of the supporting column 76 supports the upper feeding pipe 81.
  • the switching device 2, the drainage device 3, the lower feeding pipe 83 is arranged on the seabed, and the foundation is reinforced.
  • the guide rail 45-end is fixed to the anchor pile 71, and the other end is fixed to the floating plate 75.
  • An annular slider 416 is disposed on the moving body 41, and the annular slider 416 buckles the guiding rail 45, and can slide up and down.
  • the waterless pipe 8 of the present embodiment may be provided in two, and the down pipe 82 may be provided as a straight pipe.
  • the operation of the power generating apparatus of this embodiment is the same as that of the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a power generating apparatus according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a power generating device is disposed on a bank of a river having a suitable amount of water, and includes a first power generating device A and a second power generating device B which are disposed in parallel in seawater. Both the first power generating device A and the second power generating device B are the same as the ninth embodiment.
  • the structure and operation of the power generating apparatus according to the present embodiment are substantially the same as those of the eighth embodiment.
  • the difference is that the structure of the power generating device of the present embodiment includes the water fixing device 7.
  • FIGS 11a to 11e show a power generating apparatus according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • a power generating apparatus according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of sets of power generating devices in an eighth embodiment arranged in parallel.
  • the first power generating device and the last power generating device have a waterless pipe
  • the other intermediate power generating devices respectively have a first waterless pipe and a second waterless pipe
  • the bottom end of the waterless pipe of the first power generating device and the second The power generating device switching device is connected, the bottom end of the first waterless pipe of the second power generating device is connected to the switching device of the first power generating device; the bottom end of the second waterless pipe of the second power generating device and the switching device of the third power generating device
  • Figures 12a and 12b are power generating devices in accordance with a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a power generating device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of sets of high and low series along the terrain The same power generating device as that of the seventh embodiment is disposed.
  • the power generating apparatus according to the +2th embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of sets of power generating devices of the same configuration as those of the seventh embodiment which are arranged in series along the ground level.
  • the drain pipe of the first power generating device leads to the upper end of the water chamber of the second power generating device, and the drain pipe of the second power generating device leads to the upper end of the water chamber of the third power generating device, which are sequentially arranged, and the drain pipe of the last power generating device passes through Downstream rivers or drains.
  • FIGS 13a to 13g show a power generating apparatus according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a power generating device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is a combination of the power generating device in the first embodiment and the power generating device in the seventh embodiment, wherein the water chamber 1, the switching device 2, and the drain device 3 are both the first embodiment
  • the structure is the same.
  • the waterless duct 8 has the same structure as that in the seventh embodiment.
  • the moving body includes the moving body 41 and the filling moving body 41'; the moving body 41 has a side door panel 419 that can be opened and closed; the beginning end of the upper feeding duct 81 and the terminal end of the lower guiding duct 83 protrude into the water chamber 1 and have Ports 84 and 85 that can be opened and closed; ports 84, 85 can be connected to the side panel door 419 of the moving body 41.
  • All the pipes are provided with smooth pipe rails (not shown), and the filled moving body 41' is a solid oblate spheroid, which moves on the pipe rails. When running to the port 84, it can enter the drained moving body 41 and float up with it. .
  • the power generation of the present embodiment is divided into three processes, that is, a process of sinking the moving body 41' to sink power generation in the waterless duct 8, a process of sinking power generation of the moving body 41 in the water chamber 1, and a moving motion of the moving body 4 In the body 41, the floating power generation process is carried out together with the moving body 41.
  • the working process of power generation under the moving body 41 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the downstream power generation process of filling the moving body is the same as that of the seventh embodiment.
  • the moving body 41 is placed at the water surface position in the water chamber 1, and the upper and lower inlet and outlet ports are controlled to open, and the water in the water chamber 1 naturally flows into the hollow portion of the moving body 41; when the moving body 41 and the water contained therein are total
  • the upper and lower inlet and outlet ports are controlled to be closed.
  • the overall gravity of the moving body 41 is greater than the buoyancy, that is, the density of the moving body 41 is greater than the density of the water
  • the moving body 41 sinks and moves downward relative to the inner wall of the water chamber 1, that is, the coil moves relative to the magnet to generate electric energy.
  • the generated electrical energy is delivered to the public power grid via an electrical energy transfer device 5 connected to the coil.
  • the water-filled moving body 41 sinks to the bottom of the water chamber, and when it is in contact with the switching device 2, controls the side panel door 419 and the port 84 of the moving body 41 to be closely butted, while the lower and lower water inlets and the switching device 2 of the moving body 41 are The water inlet holes are docked, and the water therein is drained by the switching device 2 and the drain device 3.
  • the filling moving body 41' is disposed at the upper end of the downcomer pipe 82. Due to the action of gravity, the filling moving body 41' slides down the pipe rail, and moves downward with respect to the inner wall of the down pipe 82, that is, the coil moves relative to the magnet. Production Produce electricity. The generated electrical energy is delivered to the public electrical grid via the electrical energy delivery device 5.
  • the buoyancy of the moving body 41 is set such that the filling moving body 4 ⁇ and the movable body 41 float together, that is, the coil moves relative to the magnet to generate electric energy, and the generated electric energy is delivered to the public power grid in the same manner as the first embodiment.
  • the moving body 41 is switched from the sinking state to the floating state, and the moving body 41 converts the filling moving body 4 from the descending state to the floating state synchronized thereto to generate electricity.
  • FIG. 14 there is shown a power generating apparatus according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a power generating apparatus is a combination of the fifth embodiment and the seventh embodiment, and is disposed in seawater.
  • the power generating apparatus of this embodiment has a water chamber 1, a switching device 2, a drain device 3, a power generating unit 4, a power output unit 5, and a waterless passage 6.
  • the structure of the water chamber 1, the switching device 2, and the drain device 3 are the same as those of the fourth embodiment.
  • the waterless pipe 8 has the same structure as that of the seventh embodiment.
  • the moving body 41 has an approximately elliptical shape with a side panel door 419. When the side panel door 419 is at the bottom of the water chamber 1, the side panel door is opposite to the port 84 of the waterless passage 8.
  • the control moving body 41 performs the same sinking power generation as the fifth embodiment. At the same time, the filling movement body 41' is controlled to perform the same downward power generation as the eighth embodiment.
  • the control causes the filling moving body 41' to enter the hollow portion of the moving body 41, and performs the same floating power generation as that of the thirteenth embodiment. This cycle.
  • Figure 15 is a transport system in accordance with a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transportation system according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention includes: the same power generation device A and the transportation pipe 9 as the foregoing seventh embodiment, and the duct 9 is provided with ventilation holes 91 at a certain interval, horizontally arranged, and the pipe is horizontally smooth.
  • a rail (not shown), the beginning end 91 of the transport duct 9 is connected to the bottom end of the waterless duct 8, and the terminal 92 leads to the ground at a lower terrain.
  • the device may be an ascending water ladder specially designed for transportation.
  • the working process of the transportation system is: using the electric energy generated by the power generating device A to drive the moving body 41 running to the bottom end of the down pipe 82 to move along the flat pipe on the pipe rail, and the hollow portion of the moving body 41 can be used for human transportation.
  • the moving body 41 transports a person or a cargo to a set place, the moving body 41 transports the person or thing transported therein to the ground by the floating device.
  • Figure 16 is a transport system in accordance with a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transportation system according to the present invention is disposed in seawater, including the first and second power generating devices A, B and the transportation pipe 9 which are the same as the foregoing eighth embodiment, and the first and second power generating devices A, B are disposed in the offshore
  • the transportation duct 9 is disposed in the sea water, and is provided with ventilation holes (not shown) at intervals, and a smooth horizontal pipe rail (not shown) is disposed in the pipe.
  • the beginning end 91 of the transport duct 9 is connected to the bottom end of the waterless duct 8A of the power generating unit A, and the terminal 92 leads to the second switching unit 2B of the second power generating unit B provided at another location.
  • the working process of the transportation system is: loading a person or object into the hollow portion of the moving body 41, and driving the moving body 41 running to the bottom end of the downcomer pipe 82A by the electric energy generated by the power generating device A to move along the flat pipe on the pipe rail
  • the hollow portion of the moving body 41 carries out the transportation of people and goods.
  • the buoyancy of the water chamber is used to transport the moving body 41 and the articles carried therein to the ground.
  • the horizontal transportation pipeline is a pipeline transportation system suitable for marine and land underground. Because the transportation flat pipe resistance coefficient can be very low (0.03), the stability is good, straight, smooth, excellent, and the transportation consumption is extremely low, it is high speed, The effective setting of ultra-high-speed vehicles can provide effective protection for high-speed, ultra-high-speed flat pipe transportation.

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Description

发电装置以及具有该发电装置的运输系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种发电装置以及具有该发电装置的运输系统，特别是一种利用自然能量 发电的发电装置以及具有该发电装置的运输系统。 背景技术
' 对于世界上众多的人口而言， 能源是生存发展的基础性问题。要提髙生活水平， 发展 经济， 都离不开能源。 能源危机是一直困绕世界各国的一个难 10题， 电力紧缺问题是每 个国家的历届政府都必须面对的问题， 由于生产、生活水平的提高， 我国的电力供应不足 和人们日益增长的用电需求的矛盾日显突出，在用电髙峰期尤其如此， 为了缓解电力紧缺 状况， 政府不得不采取限电措施， 而这一措施的实施又会极大地抑制消费， 不利于我国的 经济增长。 因此， 包括我国在内的世界各国， 一直在努力提高供电能力， 目前的发电主要 有三种方式- 1. 火力发电。按照最佳规模 60千瓦 /小时， 建设周期一般需要三至五年， 再大型的 火力电站， 则完成建设需要 10年左右。 火力电站大多以煤作为发电用燃料， 少量以油和 燃气为发电用燃料， 火力电站的发电成本高于水力电站， 稍低于核电， 但因市场原油等能 源价格的抬升， 世界有与核电成本高低互换的状况发生， 无法避免的是火力电站在发电过 程中对大气环境造成的污染，特别是以煤为燃料的火力电站。火力电站的电能转换率一般 在 35%。
2.水力发电。水力电站最佳规模一般在百万千瓦 /小时，建设周期一般需要十年左右。 水力发电是利用自然水流发电， 发电过程中没有污染， 成本也低于其他发电方式， 但占地 面积大， 移民搬迁任务繁重， 且有可能造成生态环境的破坏。 此外， 水力发电站的选址要 求极为严格， 以中国为例， 长江黄河的适宜位置已经基本建满， 而水量充足、落差理想的 雅鲁藏布江、怒江、澜沧江等从中国南部边疆处境的江河却因地势险峻、 复杂而无法完成 水力电站的建设。 由于水量大小不能控制， 发电量也不能根据实际需要进行调整。水力电 站的电能转换率为 40%至 60%。
3、 核能发电。 核电站的建设周期长于火电站， 短于水电站。 由于目前的核电站主要 利用核裂变发电， 需要采用稀缺并具有辐射性的 "铀"作为发电能源， 对水的使用量也很 大， 发电条件也很高， 发电后产生核废料， 需要专用设备将其长期封存， 以避免核泄漏， 因此成本高于其他电站。核电的电能转换率低于 40%。除目前常用的核裂变发电之外， 目 前核聚变发电正在研制中， 还无法进行工业应用。
以上三种发电形式的设备， 投资量均较大。 以 60万千瓦 /小时的电能功率为例， 火力 电站至少需要投入 35亿到 50亿人民币， 而核电站和水电站的投资则会成倍增加。
目前， 还存在利用风能、 太阳能、海水能量发电的小型发电站， 但是这几种发电方式 地电能转换率都不足 10% , 因而建设投资巨大。并且，这几种发电方式都对建设地址的自 然环境要求很高， 比如， 风能发电要求设置再符合要求的风口， 所以此类发电站目前还不 具备大规模发电的条件。为了节能环保的发电， 已经出现了很多利用物体重力势能发电的 装置， 比如中国专利文献 CN1048366C公开了一种索道发电装置，但是上述重力势能发电 装置都存在一个共同的问题： 即如果要； 连续发电， 就必须使下行物体能顺利回至原位， 使下行和回升行成为连续完整的可循环运动。但是现实中， 使下行物体回至原位的过程往 往需要耗用与物体下行时产生的能量相等甚至更多的能量，这对于实现发电的目的而言显 然是不可行的。 因此， 这样的装置无法用于连续发电， 难以成为专用的发电设备。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有发电装置中的上述问题。为了实现上述目的， 本发明提供 了一种利用自然能量发电的发电装置， 该装置不仅能利用物体的重力势能发电， 还能利用 物体的浮力势能发电， 同时又将下沉发电和上浮发电简单巧妙地连接， 使之成为一个循环 的运动发电体系， 从而保证了发电的连续性和稳定性。
根据本发明的装置， 包括： 自控电子机械系统， 用于控制该发电装置自动运行； 发电 组件， 该发电组件包括至少一个用于发电的运动体； 电能输送装置， 所述电能输送装置和 上述发电组件连接， 用以将所述发电组件产生的电能输送到公共电网； 其中， 该装置还具 有：水室、倒换装置和排水装置，其中，所述运动体在所述水室中作上浮下沉或上浮运动； 所述倒换装置设置在所述水室下方，用于将所述运动体从下沉状态倒换到上浮状态； 所述 排水装置设置在所述倒换装置一侧，一端和所述倒换装置相连接， 另一端通向容量充足的 环境，用以将所述倒换装置中的水排出，使所述倒换装置可以对所述运动体进行循环倒换。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述发电组件中，水室内壁中设置用于发电的线圈或磁铁， 所述运动体中相应设置磁铁或线圈； 该发电组件还包括置于所述运动体上的滚轮； 所述滚 轮用于限定所述运动体和所述水室内壁之间的间隔并稳定运动体的发电运动。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述发电组件还包括设置于水室上方的发电机和发电机磨 轮， 以及连接所述运动体和所述发电机磨轮的传动装置。 根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述传动装置是滑轮组， 包括滑轮和齿带， 所述滑轮设置 在水室下方， 所述齿带绕过所述发电机磨轮和所述滑轮， 构成近似矩形， 所述运动体固定 在所述矩形的竖直边上。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述发电机和发电机磨轮设置于水室下方，所述滑轮固定 于水室上方。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述排水装置设置在所述倒换装置的下方； 所述倒换装置 中的水能自然流入所述排水装置中。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述容量充足的环境是利用自然力将排出的水送回所述水 室的运水装置。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述容量充足的环境是下游江河或排水管道。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述运动体是圆形球体、 椭圆形球体、 正方体或长方体。 根据本发明的发电装置中，所述运动体一侧设有环形滑扣，该水室中设有用于控制所 述运动体的导引滑索， 所述环形滑扣扣抓在所述导引滑索上， 用于控制所述运动体稳定运 行。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述发电装置设置在海洋中， 所述容量充足的环境是设置 在海洋中的装置。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述发电装置还包括水中固定装置。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述水中固定装置包括设置于海底地下的锚桩、固定于所 述锚桩上的钢缆、连接在所述钢缆上端的浮子、 固定在所述浮子上的浮板和浮板支柱， 所 述水上部分固定在所述浮板上。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述水中固定装置还包括设置于海底地下并伸出海面的支 撑柱。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述水中固定装置中的部分钢缆设置于水下； 所述钢缆上 端固定有稳定闸本发明提供了一种发电装置以及包括该发电装置的运输系统，该发电装置 包括发电组件和电能输送装置、 运动体、 水室、 倒换装置、 排水装置， 所述倒换装置设置 在所述水室下方， 用于将所述运动体从下沉状态倒换到上浮状态； 该发电装置不仅能利用 物体重力势能发电，还能利用物体的浮力势能发电， 同时又将重力势能发电和浮力势能发 电连接， 使之成为循环的发电体系， 保证了发电的连续性和稳定性； 在整个发电过程中， 全部利用自然界天然存在的能量，发电量易于控制， 电能转化率可达 90%以上， 高于现有 所有发电方式， 发电全过程节能环保， 成本低廉， 发电装置结构简单易行， 可大可小， 可 并联或串联设置， 根据本发明的发电装置建设发电站， 投资少、 发电量大， 建设周期短， 投资回收快。
本发明提供了一种发电装置以及包括该发电装置的运输系统，该发电装置包括发电组 件和电能输送装置、 运动体、 水室、 倒换装置、 排水装置， 所述倒换装置设置在所述水室 下方， 用于将所述运动体从下沉状态倒换到上浮状态； 该发电装置不仅能利用物体重力势 能发电，还能利用物体的浮力势能发电， 同时又将重力势能发电和浮力势能发电连接， 使 之成为循环的发电体系， 保证了发电的连续性和稳定性； 在整个发电过程中， 全部利用自 然界天然存在的能量，发电量易于控制， 电能转化率可达 90%以上， 髙于现有所有发电方 式， 发电全过程节能环保， 成本低廉， 发电装置结构简单易行， 可大可小， 可并联或串联 设置，根据本发明的发电装置建设发电站，投资少、发电量大， 建设周期短，投资回收快。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述运动体是中空箱体， 重力小于浮力， 其上方和下方设 有进出水口； 所述倒换装置的上板门对应位置上设有进水孔； 通过打开所述进出水口向所 述中空运动体中填充水， 或控制所述进出水口和所述进水孔打开并严密对接， 可以将填充 水排至所述倒换装置，进而调配运动体与水的密度大小，从而改变所述运动体的运动状态。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述运动体和所述上板门接触部位设有稳定停留装置， 用 于暂时将运动体和倒换装置固定在一起，以控制所述运动体在上浮准备阶段暂时处于稳定 状态。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述稳定停留装置包括固定在所述上板门上的固定件， 通 过滚珠和固定件连接的滑动卡接件， 以及固定在所述运动体下方的稳定件。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述发电装置设置在江河入海口， 水室深度在 200米内， 该发电装置还包括将江河中的水引入所述水室的引水道；所述容量充足的环境是设置在海 底的正渗透装置。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述发电装置还包括至少一条由高到低的无水管道和填充 运动体； 所述无水管道设置于所述水室外侧， 上端和所述水室的上端开口相通， 下端突出 深入所述水室中并具有可以开关的端口； 所述运动体还具有至少一个可以打开的侧板门， 所述运动体的侧板门可以和所述端口严密对接并接通，所述填充运动体能从所述无水管道 进入所述运动体中， 和所述运动体一起在水室中上浮。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述发电装置还包括至少一条由高到低的无水管道； 所述 倒换装置具有可以打开的上板门以及至少一个侧板门，所述上板门将所述水室和所述倒换 装置连通或隔开， 所述侧板门将所述倒换装置和所述无水管道连通或隔开； 所述无水管道 设置于所述水室外侧， 上端和所述水室的上端幵口相通， 下端和所述侧板门相通， 所述运 动体在无水通道、 倒换装置以及水室构成的路线内运动。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述无水管道包括上引送管道、 由高到低的下行管道、 以 及下引送管道； 上引送管道一端连接着水室上端开口， 另一端连接着下行管道的始端， 并 设有引送滑动装置； 下行管道的终端连接着下引送管道的一端； 下引送管道的另一端连接 着倒换装置的侧板门。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述下行管道是直管、 竖直管或弯管。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述无水管道内壁中设置线圈或磁铁， 所述运动体中对应 设置磁铁或线圈。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述无水管道内设有光滑管轨， 所述运动体具有转轮， 所 述运动体通过所述转轮在所述管轨上运行。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述转轮的轮子内圈设置磁铁或线圈， 所述转轮的轮轴上 对应设置线圈或磁铁。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述发电组件还包括设置于水室上方的发电机组以及悬浮 于水室设定位置的传动装置。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 该传动装置包括缓冲板和设置于所述缓冲板上的平衡架， 所述平衡架中间设有链齿立柱， 所述链齿立柱上端和所述发电机磨轮啮合。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述运动体中设有刹车发电装置， 用于控制所述运动体在 进入所述倒换装置全过程中， 运动速度逐渐归零并产生电能。
根据本发明的发电装置中， 所述运动体是中空运动体。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述运动体是实心和空心交替的可伸缩部件， 伸展状态的 浮力大于重力。
根据本发明的发电装置中，所述电能输出装置包括设置在下行管道中靠近管壁处的电 缆、连接着转轮中的线圈的导线， 以及连接着导线， 可滑动地扣抓在电缆上的无轨电车式 弹杆电缆扣抓滑滚轮。
本发明还提供了一种发电装置，包括沿地势走向从高到底串联设置的如上所述的发电 装置， 其中， 上一发电装置的排水装置通向下一发电装置的水室， 设置于最低地点的发电 装置的排水装置通向下游江河。
本发明还提供了一种发电装置， 包括并联设置的如上所述的发电装置， 其中， 并联设 置的第一个发电装置和最后一个发电装置具有一个所述无水管道，中间发电装置具有两个 所述无水管道； 第一发电装置的无水管道的底端和第二发电装置倒换装置连接， 第二发电 装置的第一无水管道的底端和第一发电装置的倒换装置连接；第二发电装置的第二无水管 道的底端和第三发电装置的倒换装置连接，第三发电装置的第一无水管道和第二发电装置 的倒换装置连接； 依次连接； 倒数第二个发电装置的第二无水管道和最后一个发电装置的 倒换装置连接；最后一个发电装置的无水管道的底端和倒数第二个发电装置的倒换装置连 接。
本发明还提供了一种管道运输系统， 该系统包括如上所述的发电装置和地下运输平 管， 所述地下运输平管的始端和所述发电装置的无水管道的底端连接， 终端通向地势较低 地的地面， 以使所述运动体沿所述地下运输平管运动， 将装于其中空部分的人货运至设定 地点。
根据本发明的运输系统中， 所述地下运输平管的终端通向上升装置。
根据本发明的运输系统中，所述上升装置是设置在所述运输平管终端的下一发电装置 的水室。
根据本发明的运输系统中， 所述上升装置是上浮水梯。
本发明提供了一种发电装置在整个发电过程中，全部利用自然界天然存在的能量， 发 电量易于控制，电能转化率可达 90%以上，高于现有所有发电方式，发电全过程节能环保， 成本低廉， 发电装置结构简单易行， 可大可小， 可并联或串联设置， 根据本发明的发电装 置建设发电站， 投资少、 发电量大， 建设周期短， 投资回收快。
根据本发明的运输系统采用用于本发明的发电装置的运动体作为运输工具，采用光滑 平直的水平管道作为运输轨道，采用上述发电装置所发电能的极少部分作为动力驱动， 是 适用于海洋和陆地地下的运输系统。 由于运输平管阻力系数可达到很低 （0.03 ) ， 稳定性 好、 平直、 光滑、 优良， 且运输消耗极低， 是髙速、 超高速运载工具的有效设置， 能为高 速、 超高速的平管运输提供有效的保障。 附图说明
图 la是根据本发明第一实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图， 其中水室内壁设置磁 铁，运动体中设置线圈； 图 lb是图 la中的发电装置的 A-A向剖视示意图； 图 lc是根据 本发明第一实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图， 其中， 水室内壁线圈， 运动体中设置磁 铁； 图 Id是图 lc中的发电装置的 B-B向剖视示意图； 图 le是用于本发明第一实施例的 暂停稳定装置的剖视放大示意图； 图 2a是根据本发明第二实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图， 其中发电机组设置于 水室上方； 图 2b是用于根据本发明第二实施例的发电装置的发电组件的示意图； 图 20是 根据本发明第二实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图， 其中， 发电机组设置于水室下方； 图 2d是图 2a中的发电装置的俯视示意图； 图 2e是图 2a中的运动体的俯视示意图； 图 2f是图 2a 中的倒换装置的俯视示意图；
图 3a是根据本发明第三实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图， 其中， 发电机组设置 于水室上方； 图 3b是用于根据本发明第三实施例的发电装置的发电组件的示意图； 图 3c 根据本发明第三实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图， 其中， 发电机组设置于水室下方； 图 3d是图 3a中的发电装置的俯视示意图； 图 3e是图 3a中的倒换装置的俯视示意图； 图 4a是根据本发明第四实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图， 其中水室内壁设置线 圈， 运动体中设置磁铁； 图 4b是根据本发明第四实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图， 其中， 水室内壁磁铁， 运动体中设置线圈；
图 5a是根据本发明第五实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图， 其中水室上端设置引 水道； 图 5b是根据本发明第五实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图， 其中水室上端设置 引水道， 发电机组设置在水室下方； 图 5c是根据本发明第五实施例的发电装置的纵向剖 视示意图， 其中发电机组设置在水室上方；
图 6a是根据本发明第六实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图； 图 6b是根据本发明第 六实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图，其中水室上端设置引水道， 发电机组设置在水室 上方； 图 6c是根据本发明第六实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图， 其中水室上端设置 引水道， 发电机组设置在水室下方；
图 7a是根据本发明第七实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图； 图 7b是图 7a中的发 电装置的俯视示意图； 图 7c是图 7a中的发电装置的另一方向的剖视示意图； 图 7d示出 了用于本发明的引送滑板装置的结构示意图； 图 7e和图 7f是根据本发明第七实施例的无 水管道的两种形状；
图 8a据本发明第八实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图； 图 8b是图 8a中的发电装 置的俯视示意图；
图 9a是根据本发明第九实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图，其中下行管道是斜管， 设置于水室一侧； 图％是图 9a中的发电装置的侧视示意图； 图 9c是图 9a中的发电装置 的俯视示意图； 图 9d是根据本发明的发电装置的上引送管道的剖视示意图； 图 9e是根据 本发明第九实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图； 其中， 下行管道是直管， 设置于两个水 室中间；
图 10是根据本发明第十实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图；
图 11a是根据本发明第十一实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图； 图 l ib是图 11a中 的发电装置的俯视示意图； 图 11c是图 11a中的发电装置的示意图；
图 12a和图 12b是根据本发明第十二实施例的发电装置的示意图；
图 13a是根据本发明第十三实施例的发电装置的纵向剖视示意图； 图 13b是图 13a中 的发电装置的水室的另一方向的剖视示意图；图 13c是图 13a中的水室中沿 A-A线的剖视 示意图； 图 13d至图 13g是用于本发明第十三实施例的无水管道的几种形状；
图 14是根据本发明第十四实施例的发电装置的剖视示意图；
图 15是根据本发明第十五实施例的运输系统的剖视示意图；
图 16a是根据本发明第十六实施例的运输系统的纵向剖视图； 图 16b是图 16a中的运 输系统的俯视示意图； 图 16c是图 16a中 A部的放大图。
图 17a至图 17d示出了用于本发明第七实施例的发电组件中线圈和磁铁的几种布置方 式；
图 18a至图 18j示出了用于本发明的运动体的几种形式；
图 19a至图 19f示出了用于本发明的倒装装置的倒换过程；
图 20a和图 20b示出了用于本发明的倒换装置和排水装置的两种布置方式； 图 21a至 21c示出了用于本发明的运动体的另一种结构以及相应的倒换装置的结构。 具体实施方式
下面将结合附图详细说明本发明的具体实施例。 相同的部件采用相同的标号。
请参见图 la至 le， 其中示出了根据本发明的第一实施例的发电装置。 根据本发明第 一实施例的发电装置包括水室 1、 倒换装置 2 以及排水装置 3、 发电组件 4以及电能输送 装置 5。
水室 1最佳设置在水量适宜的江河岸边， 该水室和江河之间开挖引水道（未示出） 。 水室 1的上部一侧设有引水口 （未示出）， 弓 I水口和前述引水道相通， 用于向水室 1中注 水。引水道上设置沙水分离装置， 以避免水室 1中的沙石沉积，影响发电装置的使用寿命。
倒换装置 2设置在水室 1的下部， 具有上板门 21和气孔（未示出）， 上板门 21将水 室 1和倒换装置 2隔开。 上板门 21上部设有进水孔 23。
排水装置 3 设置在倒换装置 2下方， 容量大于倒换装置 2。 排水装置 3 具有和倒换 装置 2相通的排水孔（未显示） ， 倒换装置 5 中的水可以通过该排水孔进入排水装置 3。 排水装置 3 具有排水管， 该排水管的终端通向地势低于排水装置 3 的下游江河或者排水 管道（未示出）， 用以将从倒换装置 2 中倒出的水及时排空， 以准备下一次抽排水。排水 装置 3 上也设有气孔。
发电组件 4包括运动体 41，运动体 41 是中空箱体，其上设有多个可开关的上方和下 方进出水口 413， 其中， 下方进出水口的位置和上板门 21上的进水孔 23的位置相对应。 通过向运动体 41的中空部分填充水或将水排出,可以改变运动体 41的重力和浮力的关系， 使运动体 41在水室中连续作下沉上浮运动时， 将动能转化为电能， 进行发电。
当运动体 41排出部分水， 达到运动体 41的重力小于浮力运动体 41即可开始上浮， 这时， 运动体 41中的水还没有完全排出， 运动体 41的重力和浮力差很小， 运动体 41的 上浮势能较小， 因此， 有必要设定专门的稳定暂停装置， 控制下沉到水室 1底部的运动体 41停留在倒换装置 2上方， 实现充分排水。 有鉴于此， 如图 la和 le所示， 本实施例中， 上板门 21上还设有多个稳定暂停机构 22， 稳定暂停机构 22包括设置在上板门 21上的固 定件 221以及通过滚珠和该固定件连接的成对滑动卡接件 222相连，成对的滑动卡接件 222 可以相对滑动， 打开或闭合。 运动体 41 底面上还设有多个稳定件 412， 稳定件 412和可 以卡入稳定停留机构 22的滑动卡接件 222中。 稳定暂停机构 22用于当运动体 41 下沉到 水室 1底部时， 将其暂时固定在倒换装置 2上， 以便充分排水。
本实施例中， 用于发电的线圈和磁铁有两种布置方式。 如图 la所示， 水室 1内壁中 设置的磁铁， 运动体 41 中设置线圈。 此时， 电能输送装置 5 是与运动体 41中的线圈相 连接的电缆以及连接着该电缆的电刷， 用于将运动体 41产生的电能输送到公共电网。 如 图 lc所示， 水室 1内壁中设置线圈， 运动体 41中设置磁铁， 此时电能输送装置 5是连接 该线圈和公共电网的电缆。为了控制运动体 41 和水室 1内壁之间的距离，保持稳定发电， 运动体 41上设有滚轮 411， 滚轮 411 和水室 1的内壁接触， 可以在水室 1的内壁面上滑 动。
根据本实施例的发电装置的工作过程如下：
将运动体 41 置于水室 1中的水面位置， 控制打开其上方和下方进出水口， 水室 1中 的水自然涌入运动体 41 的中空部分； 当运动体 41 和装盛其中的水的总重量大于运动体 41 的浮力并达到发电设定的重量时， 控制关闭上方和下方进出水口。 此时， 由于运动体 的整体重力大于浮力， 即运动体 41的密度大于水的密度， 运动体 41 下沉， 相对于水室 1 内壁作向下运动， 即线圈相对于磁铁运动， 产生电能。所产生的电能通过连接在线圈上的 电能输送装置 5输送到公共电网
运动体 41 到达水室 1底部并和倒换装置 2保持一定间隙对接时，控制滑动卡接件 222 相对滑开， 使运动体 41 的稳定件 412落入滑动卡接件 222之间并和固定件 221接触， 然 后控制关闭滑动卡接件 222, 将稳定件 412卡住， 暂时将运动体 41 固定在倒换装置 2上 方并保持一定间隙。 同时， 控制使运动体 41的下方进出水口和倒换装置 2上的进水孔 23 对接， 打开所述下方进出水口和进水孔上的阀门， 水因重力从运动体 41的中空部分排向 倒换装置 2，同时控制打开倒换装置 2和排水装置 3 之间的排水孔，及时排空排水装置 3。 当运动体 41 中的水排空后，控制关闭运动体 41 的进出水孔 413和上板门 21的进水孔 23， 同时松开滑动卡接件 222， 释放运动体 41。 此时， 运动体 41 的浮力大于重力， 即密度小 于水的密度， 相对于水室 1内壁作上升运动， 即线圈相对于磁铁运动， 产生电能， 所产生 的电能通过电能输送装置 5输送到公共电网。
当运动体 41到达水室 1中的水面时， 重复上述操作， 使运动体 41 的运动循环。 整个过程中， 运动体 41首先在重力的作用下下沉， 达到水室 1底部时， 通过倒换装 置 2 的倒换， 运动体 41的浮力和重力的关系发生改变， 由下沉状态转化为上浮状态， 然 后在浮力的作用下上浮。 通过排水装置 3 保证倒换
装置 2具有充足的容量空间， 即可确保运动体 41能在上浮状态和下沉状态中及时转换， 不停地重复进行上下垂直运动， 运动体 41在上下运动过程中均能发电， 因此该装置可以 不间断地大量发电。并且， 由于运动体 41的浮力势能非常之大，运动体 41 上浮过程中所 发的电远远大于其下沉过程中所发的电。按照每小时发电量位 600万度计算， 其中， 运动 体 41的重量为 11688.52吨， 每秒用水 3061.22立方米， 其中， 上浮过程中的发电量是每 小时 400万度， 下浮发电为 200万度， 上浮过程发电是下沉过程发电量的 2倍。
请参见图 2a至 2f， 图 2a至 2f 示出了本发明第二实施例的发电装置。
如图 2a所示， 根据本发明第二实施例的发电装置中， 水室 1和排水装置 3 的结构均 与第一实施例相同。
如图 2b、 2e所示， 倒换装置 2和第一实施例中的结构基本相同， 具有上板门 21以及 设置在上板门 21上的稳定暂停装置 22和进水孔 23。 除此之外， 上板门 21还具有第一通 孔 24。
如图 2a、 2b和 2d所示， 发电组件 4包括运动体 41、 作为传动装置的滑轮组 42、 设 置在水室 1上方的固定装置 43以及一排设置在固定装置 43 上的发电机组 44。
如图 2b、 2e所示， 运动体 41 是一个中空箱体， 其结构和第一实施例基本相同， 设有 多个可开关的上方和下方进出水口 413，其中，下方进出水口 413的位置和上板门 21上的 进水孔 211的位置相对应。
如图 2a和 2b所示， 滑轮组 42的数目和发电机组 44的数目相同。 运动体 41的运动 通过滑轮组 42传送给各发电机组 44中的发电机磨轮， 带动发电机组 44转动发电。 滑轮 组 42包括滑轮 421和齿带 422; 相应的， 运动体 41上还设有若干固定件 414和若干第二 通孔 415, 第二通孔 415的位置和第一通孔 24的位置分别对应。 滑轮 421固定在水室 1 下方，齿带 422上端卷绕着发电机磨轮，下端穿过第一通孔 24和第二通孔 415，卷绕着设 置在水室 1下方的滑轮 421，构成近似矩形，运动体 41通过固定件 414固定在该近似矩形 的一条竖直边上。
如图 2f所示， 本实施例中的发电机 44还可以设置在水室 1下方， 而滑轮 421固定在 固定装置 43上。
还可以选择在运动体 41上设置环形滑扣 416， 在水室 1中设置导引滑轨 45， 以控制 运动体 41沿固定的运动路线运动。 根据本实施例的发电装置的工作过程如下：
将运动体 41置于水室 1中的水面位置， 控制打开其上方和下方进出水口 413， 水室 1 中的水自然涌入运动体 41的中空部分；当运动体 41和装盛其中的水的总重量大于运动体 41的浮力并达到发电设定的重量时， 控制关闭上方和下方进出水口 413。此时， 由于重力 大于浮力， 即运动体 41的密度大于水的密度， 运动体 41下沉。 运动体 41的下沉带动齿 带 422转动， 齿带 422转动带动发电机磨轮转动， 进而带动发电机组 44发电。 所发出的 电能通过与发电机组 44中的线圈相连接的电能输送装置 5输送到公共电网。
请参见图 3a至 3e， 图 3a至 3e示出了根据本发明第三实施例的发电装置。
根据本发明第三实施例的发电装置中， 水室 1、 倒换装置 2、 排水装置 3 的结构均与 第二实施例相同。
如图 3a和 3b所示， 发电装置 4的结构也与第二实施例基本相同， 其差别在于， 本实 施例中的发电机组 44是两排； 运动体 41是两个相同的中空箱体， 每一滑轮组 42对应并 排设置的两台发电机组 44。 每一滑轮组 42包括两个设置在水室 1下方的滑轮 421和一根 齿带 422，该齿带绕过滑轮 421和相应的发电机磨轮，构成近似矩形。两个运动体 41分别 通过固定件 414固定在齿带 422 的竖直两边的对应位置上， SP :当齿带 422竖直一边上的 运动体 41处于水室 1顶端时，另一边上的运动体 41刚好处于水室 1下端，和倒换装置 2接 触。
根据本实施例的发电装置的工作过程与第二实施例基本相同， 差别在于： 当齿带 422 竖直一边上的运动体 41作下沉运动时， 另一边上的运动体 41同时作上升运动； 当竖直一 边上的运动体 41作上升运动时， 另一边上的运动体 41作下沉运动。 如此不断循环发电。
本实施例也是利用倒换装置 2的倒换， 实现运动体 41 运动状态的改变， 进而实现利 用重力发电和利用浮力发电两个过程的连接。 同时通过在同一滑轮组 42上设置两个运动 体 41， 使发电量增大。
请参见图 4a和图 4b， 图 4a、 4b示出了根据本发明的第四实施例的发电装置。
本实施例中， 与本发明第一实施例基本相同的发电装置设置在江河入海口。 其中， 水室 1、倒换装置 2、排水装置 3 以及发电组件 4 的结构和第一实施例基本相同。 区别在 于， 本实施例的发电装置中， 水室上方设置淡水引水道 6， 引水道 6—端通向江河， 另一 端通向水室 1上方，其上设有注水口 61。 运动体 41具有与第一实施例相同的各部件，其 中， 运动体 41的上方进出水口 413和注水口 61的位置相对应， 用于通过向运动体 41中 填充淡水。 由于水室 1设置在海水中， 从运动体 41排入倒换装置 2的淡水可以通过正渗 透装置排入海水中。 因此， 本实施例中的排水装置 3 在具有与第一实施例相同的部件外， 还具有设置于水深以 200米内为宜的正渗透装置 32， 正渗透装置 32上设有海水引入管 321， 用于将其它地方的海水引入正渗透装置 32周围， 以保证淡水向海水正向渗透的快速 持续进行， 进而确保倒换装置 2充足的容量， 以对运动体 41的运动状态及时快速进行倒 换。
本实施例中， 用于发电的线圈和磁铁同样有两种设置方式， 如图 ½所示， 水室内壁 中设置线圈， 运动体中设置磁铁。 如图 4b所示， 水室内壁中设置磁铁， 运动体中设置线 圈。 当将线圈设置在运动体 41 中时， 电能输送装置中需要设置电缆以及和电缆连接的电 刷， 以使运动体 41 能在上下运动过程中通过连接其上的电缆将电能输出。 为了在水室 1 附近的水面上设置电刷等电能输送装置， 需要设置水中固定装置 7， 水中固定装置 7包括 设置在海底地下的锚桩 71， 固定在锚桩 71上的钢索 72, 通过钢索 72 固定的浮子 73， 浮 子 73 上设置浮板顶柱 74， 浮板 75 固定在浮板顶柱 74顶端。 电能输送装置 5固定在浮 板 75上。
根据本实施例的发电装置的工作过程如下：
将运动体 41置于水室 1中的水面位置，控制使运动体 41的上方进出水口 413和注水 口 61严密对接并连通， 注水管 6中的水自然涌入运动体 41的中空部分； 当运动体 41和 装盛其中的水的总重量大于运动体 41的浮力并达到发电设定的重量时， 控制关闭上方进 出水口 413。此时， 由于重力大于浮力，运动体 41作与第一实施例相同的下沉运动， 以与 第一实施例相同的方式发电并输送到公共电网。
运动体 41到达水室 1底部并和倒换装置 2接触后， 以第一实施例相同的方式将运动 体 41 中空部分的淡水全部排入倒换装置 2， 然后再以与第一实施例相同的方式将淡水排 入正渗透装置 32， 通过正渗透装置 32排入海水中。 当运动体 41 中的水排空后， 控制关 闭运动体 41 的下方进出水口 413和进水孔 23上的阀门， 此时， 运动体 41的浮力大于重 力， 在浮力的作用下作上升运动， 以与第一实施例相同的方式发电并输送到公共电网。
当运动体 41到达水室 1中的水面时， 重复上述操作， 使运动体 41的运动发电。 发出 的电能通过和发电机组 44连接的电能输送装置 5输送到公共电网。
请参见图 5a至 5c， 图 5a至 5c示出了根据本发明第五实施例的发电装置。
本实施例中， 与本发明第二实施例基本相同的发电装置设置在江河入海口的海水中。 由于本实施例的发电装置设置在海水中， 海水可以构成用于运动体 41上浮下沉的天然水 室 1， 为了节约材料的目的，可以不再设置水室 1的四壁。但是， 为了控制运动体 41沿设 定线运动， 要设置导引滑轨 45并在运动体 41一侧设置环形滑扣 416， 以控制运动体 41 沿设定路线运行。 倒换装置 2以及发电组件 4、 电能输送装置 5的结构和第二实施例基本 相同。但是由于各部件设置在海水中，因此需要设置专门的水中固定装置 7对各个部件进 行固定。
水中固定装置 7包括设置在海底地下的锚桩 71，固定在锚桩 71上的钢索 72、通过钢 索 72 固定的浮子 73， 浮子 73 上设置浮板顶柱 74， 浮板 75 固定在浮板顶柱 74顶端。 浮板 75在水面上出与第二实施例中的水室 1上端面相同的形状。
发电组件 44和固定装置 43固定于浮板 75上。滑轮 421、倒换装置 2、 20排水装置
3 设置在海底， 其下海底进行加固处理。 导向滑轨 45—端固定在海底地下锚桩 71， 另一 端固定在浮板 75上。
本实施例中， 排水装置 3根据用于装盛于运动体 41的中空部分的水质， 选择不同的 排水方式。 如图 5a和图 5b所示， 运动体 41中采用与第四实施例相同的方式填充引自江 河的淡水， 此时， 排水装置 3包括与第四实施例相同淡水正渗透装置 32， 以将倒换装置 2 中倒出的淡水排入海水中； 如图 5c所示， 运动体 41中直接填充海水， 此时， 排水装置 3 包括将海水转化为淡水的反渗透装置（未示出）， 将利用反渗透装置转化的淡水和矿物浓 水利用自然能量收集备用。该反渗透装置是本发明人独创的新型反渗透装置， 适宜和本实 施例的发电装置配合设置于深海。
运动体 41按照和第二实施例相同的方式， 固定在卷绕着滑轮 421和发电机磨轮上的 齿带 422的竖直一边上； 同时， 设置在各个运动体 41一侧的环形滑扣 416扣抓着相应的 导引滑轨 45沿设定路线运行。
本实施例的发电装置的工作过程和第二实施例基本相同- 如图 5c所示的方式中， 将运动体 41置于浮板 75包围的海面位置时， 控制打开其上 方和下方进出水口 413， 水室中的水自然涌入运动体 41的中空部分； 当运动体 41和装盛 其中的水的总重量大于运动体 41 的浮力并达到发电设定的重量时， 控制关闭进出水口 413。 此时， 由于重力大于浮力， 即运动体 41的密度大于水的密度， 运动体 41下沉。 运 动体 41 沿着抓扣在导向滑轨 45上的环形滑扣 416限定的运动线下沉，以与第二实施例相 同的方式发电并输送到公共电网。
到达水室 1底部并和倒换装置 2接触后， 以第二实施例相同的方式将运动体 41中空 部分的海水全部排入倒换装置 2,然后再以与第二实施例相同的方式将水排出倒换装置 2。 当运动体 41中的海水排空后， 运动体 41 的浮力大于重力， 在浮力的作用下作上升运动， 以与第二实施例相同的方式发电并输送到公共电网。
对于图 5a、 5b所示的方式，将运动体 41置于水室 1中的水面位置，控制使注水孔 61 和上方进出水口 413对接并开启接通， 注水管 6中的水自然涌入运动体 41的中空部分； 运动体 41到达水室 1底部时， 运动体 41中空部分的水通过倒换装置， 进而通过正渗透装 置 32排入海水中。 其它过程和图 5c所示的方式相同。
当运动体 41 到达水室 1中的水面时， 重复上述操作， 使运动体 41的运动循环。 请参见图 6a至 6c， 图 6a至 6c示出了根据本发明第六实施例的发电装置。
本实施例中， 将与本发明第三实施例结构基本相同的发电装置设置在海水中。 其中， 由于本实施例的发电装置设置在海水中， 海水可以构成用于运动体 41上浮下沉的天然水 室 1， 为了节约材料的目的， 如图 6a和 6b所示， 可以不再设置水室 1的四壁。 但是， 为 了控制运动体 41沿设定路线运动， 要设置垂直定向的导引滑轨 45并在运动体 41一侧设 置环形滑扣 416。 倒换装置 2以及发电组件 4、 电能输送装置 5 的结构和第二实施例基本 相同。 如图 6b和图 6c所示， 通过设置于水室上方的引水道 6向运动体 41中填充淡水， 因此， 排水装置 3 还包括和排水管另一端连通的正渗透装置 32。 如图 6a所示， 排水装置 3包括海水反渗透装置。
本实施例中， 也可以如图 6a所示， 在海水中设置水室 1的壁。
由于各部件设置在海水中， 因此需要设置专门的水中固定装置 7对各个部件进行固 定。水中固定装置 7包括设置在海底地下的锚桩 71， 固定在锚桩 71上的钢索 72、通过钢 索 72 固定的浮子 73， 浮子 73 上设置浮板顶柱 74， 浮板 75 固定在浮板顶柱 74顶端。 浮板 75在水面上出与第实施例中的水室 1上端面相同的形状。
发电组件 43和固定装置 44固定于浮板 75上。滑轮 421、倒换装置 2、排水装置 3设 置在海底， 其下海底进行加固处理。 垂直定向导引滑轨 45—端固定在海底地下锚桩 71， 另一端固定在浮板 75上。
两个运动体 41按照和第三实施例相同的方式， 分别固定在卷绕着滑轮 421和发电机 磨轮上的齿带 422的竖直两边的对应位置上； 同时， 设置在各个运动体 41一侧的环形滑 扣 416扣抓着相应的导引滑轨 45。
本实施例的发电装置的工作过程和第三实施例基本相同：
如图 6a所示的方式中， 将运动体 41置于浮板 75包围的海面位置时， 将运动体 41置 于水室 1中的水面位置， 控制打开其上方和下方进出水口 413， 水室中的水自然涌入运动 体 41的中空部分。 当运动体 41和装盛于其中的水的总重量大于运动体 41的浮力并达到 发电设定的重量时， 控制关闭上方和下方进出水口 413。 此时， 由于重力大于浮力， 即运 动体 41的密度大于水的密度，运动体 41下沉。运动体 41 沿着抓扣在导引滑轨 45上的环 形滑扣 416限定的运动路线下沉， 以与第二实施例相同的方式发电并输送到公共电网。
到达水室 1底部并和倒换装置 2接触后， 以第二实施例相同的方式将运动体 41中空 部分的海水全部排入倒换装置 2，然后再以与第二实施例相同的方式将水排出倒换装置 2。 当运动体 41中的海水排空后， 运动体 41 的浮力大于重力， 在浮力的作用下作上升运动， 以与第二实施例相同的方式发电并输送到公共电网。
如图 6b和 6c所示的方式中， 将运动体 41置于水室 1中的水面位置， 控制打开上方 进出水口 413和注水口 61并使二者严密对接，注水管 6中的水自然涌入运动体 41的中空 部分。 其它过程与图 6a所示的装置相同。
当运动体 41 到达水室 1中的水面时， 重复上述操作， 使运动体 41 的运动循环。 和 第三实施例一样， 当固定在齿带 422竖直一边上的运动体 41 下沉时， 固定在竖直另一边 上的运动体 41 上浮， 反之亦然。
请参见图 7a至 7f， 图 7a至 7f 示出了根据本发明第七实施例的发电装置。
根据本发明第七实施例的发电装置设置于水量适宜的江河岸边， 包括水室 1、 倒换装 置 2、 排水装置 3、 发电组件 4、 电能输送装置 5和无水管道 8。
水室 1最佳设置在水量适宜的江河岸边，该水室和江河之间开挖引水道 10，用于向水 室 1中注水。 其上设置沙水分离装置 101， 以避免水室 1中的沙石沉积， 影响发电装置的 使用寿命。
倒换装置 2设置在水室 1的下部， 具有上板门 21、 气孔 25和侧板门 26， 上板门 21 可以打开或关闭， 用于将水室 1和倒换装置 2连通或隔开。 侧板门 26可以打开和关闭， 用于将倒换装置 2和无水管道 8连通或隔开。如图 20a和图 20b所示，排水装置 3设置在 倒换装置 2—侧或下方， 容量大于倒换装置 2。
排水装置 3具有和倒换装置 2相通的排水孔 31， 倒换装置 5中的水可以通过排水孔 31进入排水装置 3。 排水装置 3还具有排水管 33， 排水管 33的终端通向地势低于排水装 置 3的下游江河或者排水管道（未示出） ， 用以将从倒换装置 2中倒出的水及时排空， 以 准备下一次抽排水。 排水装置 3上也设有气孔（未示出） 。
本实施例的发电装置和前述实施例的不同在于，在水室 1外侧增设了一条无水管道 8。 无水管道 8包括上引送管道 81、 由高到低倾斜的下行管道 82、 以及下引送管道 83。 上引 送管道 81—端连接着水室 1上端开口，其上设有引送滑动装置，另一端连接着设于水室 1 侧面地下的下行管道 82的始端， 下行管道 82的终端连接着下引送管道 83的一端； 下引 送管道 83的另一端连接着倒换装置 2的侧板门 26。所有管道内设有光滑的管轨 (未显示)， 运动体 41在管轨上运动。 引送滑动装置包括设置于上引送管道 81和水室 1相通的一侧， 包括可伸缩的引送滑板 811， 以及引送滑板 811存储腔室 812， 和驱动装置 813， 相应的， 在水室 1中相应位置设有支撑件 11。 无水管道 8还可以是两条或多条， 可以设置成如图 7e和 7f所示的形状。
本实施例的发电分为两个过程， 即运动体 41在无水管道 8 中下行发电的过程以及运 动体 41 在水室 1中上浮发电的过程。 因此， 发电组件 4包括下行发电组件和上浮发电组 件。 下行发电组件和上浮发电组件均包括运动体 41。 其中， 下行发电组件中， 运动体 41 是中空扁圆球体， 具有转轮 417， 浮力大于重力。如图 17a所示， 下行管道 82的内壁中设 置用于发电的磁铁， 运动体 41中设置用于发电的线圈， 此时， 电能输送装置 5是和运动 体 41中的线圈相连接的电缆， 以及以电刷的方式连接着该电缆的输送装置。 如图 17b所 示， 也可以在下行管道 82的内壁中设置线圈， 运动体 41中设置磁铁， 此时， 电能输出装 置 5是和下行管道 82内壁中的线圈相连接的电缆。 如图 17c和 17d所示， 还可以在转轮 417中设置线圈和磁铁， 其中， 在轮子的内圈上设置磁铁或线圈， 相应的在转轴上设置线 圈或磁铁， 此时， 电能输送装置 5包括设置在下行管道 82中靠近管壁处的电缆 51、 连接 着转轮 417中的线圈的导线 52， 以及连接着导线 52， 可滑动地扣抓在电缆 51上的无轨电 车式弹杆电缆扣抓滑滚轮 418。上浮发电组件包括设置在水室 1上方的固定装置 43以及固 定在固定装置 43上的发电机组 44、 以及缓冲传动装置 47。 缓冲传动装置 47处于水室 1 的设定位置， 包括缓冲板 471、 设置在缓冲板上的平衡架 472、 设置在平衡架 472 中间的 链齿立柱 472， 链齿立柱 473 和发电机组 44 的发电机转齿磨轮啮合。
如图 18a至 18f所示， 本实施例中的运动体 41可以是多种形状。
本实施例的发电装置的工作过程如下：
将倒换装置 2中的水抽至排水装置 3 中，进而排至地势低于排水装置的下游江河或排 水管道。 同时将运动体 41设置于下行管道 82的上端， 由于重力作用， 运动体 41沿着管 轨下滑， 相对于下行管道 82的内壁作下行运动， 即， 线圈相对于磁铁运动， 产生电能。 产生的电能通过电能输送装置 5输送至公共电网。
运动体 41运动到下行管道 82底端时， 驱动其转入下引送管道 82继续运行； 当运动 到倒换装置 2的侧板门 26处时，控制打开倒换装置 2的侧板门 26，运动体 41继续运行进 入倒换装置 2; 此时， 控制关闭侧板门 26， 打开上板门 21， 水涌入倒换装置 2; 由于运动 体 41的重力小于浮力，开始上浮，运动体 41上浮速度不断加快，直至接触缓传动装置 47。 接触缓传动装置 47后， 运动体 41对缓传动装置 47产生巨大的冲击力， 驱动缓冲传动装 置 47向上运动。链齿立柱 473随之向上运动， 带动发电机磨轮， 进而带动发电机组 44发 电。 产生的电能通过和发电机组 44中的线圈相连接的电能输送装置 5输送到公共电网。
当运动体 41上升至水面时， 驱动引送滑板 811伸至运动体 41下方， 伸出端支撑于支 撑件 11上， 此时， 驱动运动体 41， 可以将运动体 41沿引送滑板 811进入上引送通道 81， 进而引送至下行管道 82的上端。 之后控制引送滑板 811缩回， 往复循环， 连续发电。
整个过程中，运动体 41首先在重力的作用下下行，达到无水管道 8底部时，如图 19d 至 19e所示，控制侧板门 26打开， 由于倒换装置 2处于无水状态，运动体 41很容易进至 倒换装置 2; 如图 19a至 19e所示， 当运动体 41进入后关闭侧板门 26， 然后控制开启上 板门 21， 在上板门 21刚刚开启时， 水室 1中的水立即涌入， 不断涌入的水推动上板门 21 快速打开； 当上板门 21敞开后， 倒换装置 1处于有水状态， 运动体 41开始上浮； 当运动 体 41浮出倒换装置 2后， 控制关闭上板门 21 , 利用排水装置 3将倒换装置 2中的水排至 地势低于排水装置 3的下游江河或排水管道。
. 还可以将运动体的刹车机构设置为刹车发电装置 （未示出） ， 用于当运动体 41运行 到侧板门 26附近时， 控制刹车减速， 同时将减速获得的能量用于发电， 使运动体 41完全 进入倒换装置 2后速度正好为零。
本实施例中， 同样由于倒换装置 2的倒换， 运动体 41由下行状态转换为上浮状态， 然后在浮力的作用下上浮。通过排水装置 3保证倒换装置 2具有充足的容量空间， 即可确 保运动体 41能在上浮状态和下行状态中及时转换， 不停地重复进行上下垂直运动， 运动 体 41在上下运动过程中均能发电， 因此该装置可以不间断地大量发电。
请参见图 21a至 21c，运动体 41还可以做成可伸缩的部件， 回缩时是重力大于浮力的 实心体， 可以在重力的作用下下行， 伸展后即可转换成浮力大于重力的空心体， 能够在水 中上浮。 相应的， 倒换装置 2做成能够容纳伸展后的运动体 41的形状， 以保证运动体 41 能够在其中很容易地伸展开， 即使运动体 41从下行状态转换至上浮状态。 这种结构的运 动体 41可以减小无水管道 8的建设用料。
, 请参见图 8a和 8b， 图 8a和 8b示出了根据本发明第八实施例的发电装置。
根据本发明第八实施例的发电装置设置于水量适宜的江河岸边，包括并联设置于江河 两岸的第一发电装置 A和第二发电装置 B。 第一发电装置 A和第二发电装置 B都包括水 室 1、 倒换装置 2、 排水装置 3、 发电组件 4、 电能输送装置 5和无水管道 8， 各部件的结 构和第七实施例相同。其中，第一发电装置 A的第一无水管道 8A的底端通向第二发电装 置的第二倒换装置 2B， 第二发电装置 B的第二无水通道 8B通向第一发电装置的倒换装 置 1B。 第一无水管道 2A和第二无水管道 2B各自设置， 不相交叉。 这样， 沿第一发电装 置 A的下行管道 82A运动到底端的运动体 41可以直接运行到第二发电装置 B的倒换装置 2B中，进而通过第二发电装置 B的水室 2B上浮回到上引送管道 81B; 相应的， 沿第二发 电装置 B的下行管道 82B运动到底端的运动体 41可以运行到第一发电装置 A的倒换装置 2A中， 在第一发电装置 A的水室 1A中上浮回到上引送无水管道 83A， 循环发电。 本实 施例的装置简化了装置的安装， 提高了发电量。
请参见图 9a至 9e， 图 9a至 9e示出了根据本发明第九实施例的发电装置。
根据本发明第九实施例的发电装置设置在海水中， 包括水室 1、 倒换装置 2、 排水装 置 3、 发电组件 4、 电能输送装置 5和无水管道 8。 由于本实施例的发电装置设置在海水 中， 海水可以构成用于运动体 41 上浮下沉的天然水室 1， 为了节约材料的目的， 可以不 再设置水室 1的四壁。但是， 为了控制运动体 41沿设定路线运动， 要设置导引滑轨 41并 在运动体 41一侧设置环形滑扣 416。倒换装置 2、电能输送装置 5的结构和第实施例相同。 排水装置 3还包括海水正渗透装置 （未示出） 。
和第七实施例相同， 本实施例的发电分为两个过程， 即运动体 41在无水管道 8中下 行发电过程以及运动体 41在水室 1中的上浮发电过程。 相应的。 发电组件 4包括下行发 电组件和上浮发电组件。其中，下行发电组件以及上浮发电组件的结构与第七实施例相同。 由于各部件设置在海水中， 因此需要设置专门的水中固定装置 7对各个部件进行固 定。本实施例的水中固定装置 7包括设置在海底地下的锚桩 71， 固定在锚桩 71上的钢索 72、通过钢索 72 固定的浮子 73， 浮子 73上设置浮板顶柱 74， 浮板 75 25 固定在浮板顶 柱 74顶端。 浮板 75在水面上围出与第七实施例中的水室 1上端面相同的形状。 水中固 定装置 7还包括支撑柱 76， 支撑柱 76是底端建造在海底地下， 顶端突出于海面的柱体。
固定装置 43和发电组件 44固定于浮板 75上； 上引送管道 82和引送滑动板 84固定 在浮板 75上， 支撑柱 76顶端支撑着上引送管道 81。 倒换装置 2、 排水装置 3、 下引送管 道 83设置在海底， 其地基进行加固处理。 导引滑轨 45—端固定在锚桩 71上， 另一端固 定在浮板 75上。运动体 41上设置环形滑扣 416， 环形滑扣 416扣抓着导引滑轨 45， 可以 沿其上下滑动。
如图 9e所示， 本实施例的无水管道 8可以设置为两条， 其中下行管道 82可以设置为 直管。
本实施例的发电装置的工作过程和第七实施例相同。
请参见图 10， 图 10是根据本发明第十实施例的发电装置。
根据本发明第十实施例的发电装置设置于水量适宜的江河岸边，包括并联设置于海水 中的第一发电装置 A和第二发电装置 B。 第一发电装置 A和第二发电装置 B均和第九实 施例相同。
根据本实施例的发电装置的结构以及工作过程均和第八实施例基本相同。区别在于本 实施例的发电装置的结构包括水中固定装置 7。
请参见图 11a至 lie, 图 11a至 11c示出了根据本发明第十一实施例的发电装置。 根据本发明的第十一实施例的发电装置，包括多套并联设置的第八实施例中的发电装 置。其中， 第一发电装置和最后一个发电装置具有一个无水管道， 其他中间发电装置分别 各自具有第一无水管道和第二无水管道；第一发电装置的无水管道的底端和第二发电装置 倒换装置连接， 第二发电装置的第一无水管道的底端和第一发电装置的倒换装置连接； 第 二发电装置的第二无水管道的底端和第三发电装置的倒换装置连接，第三发电装置的第一 无水管道和第二发电装置的无水管道连接； 依次连接， 倒数第二个发电装置的第二无水管 道和最后一个发电装置的倒换装置连接；最后一个发电装置的无水管道的底端和倒数第二 个发电装置的倒换装置连接。
请参见图 12a和图 12b， 图 12a和 12b是根据本发明第十二实施例的发电装置。 如图 12a所示， 根据本发明的第十二实施例的发电装置， 包括多套沿地势高低串联设 置的与第七实施例结构相同的发电装置。如图 12b所示， 根据本发明的第 +二实施例的发 电装置， 包括多套沿地势高低串联设置的与第七实施例结构相同的发电装置。其中， 第一 发电装置的排水管通向第二发电装置的水室上端，第二发电装置的排水管通向第三发电装 置的水室的上端， 依次排列， 最后一个发电装置的排水管通向下游江河或排水管道。
请参见图 13a至 13g， 图 13a至 13g示出了根据本发明第十三实施例的发电装置。 根据本发明第十三实施例的发电装置是第一实施例中的发电装置和第七实施例中发 电装置的组合， 其中， 水室 1、 倒换装置 2、 排水装置 3均与第一实施例中的结构相同。 无水管道 8和第七实施例中的结构相同。
区别在于： 运动体包括运动体 41和填充运动体 41' ; 运动体 41上具有可以开关的侧 门板 419; 上引送管道 81的始端以及下引送管道 83终端突出深入水室 1中并具有可以开 关的端口 84和 85; 端口 84、 85均可以和运动体 41的侧板门 419相连接。 所有管道内设 有光滑的管轨（未显示） ， 填充运动体 41 '是实心扁圆球体， 在管轨上运动， 运行到端口 84时， 可以进入排水完毕的运动体 41内部， 与其一起上浮。
本实施例的发电分为三个过程， 即填充运动体 41 '在无水管道 8 中下沉发电的过程、 运动体 41 在水室 1中下沉发电的过程、 以及填充运动体 4Γ进入运动体 41中， 和运动体 41一起上浮的上浮发电过程。
运动体 41下发电的工作过程和第一实施例相同。填充运动体 4Γ的下行发电过程和第 七实施例相同。
本实施例的发电装置的工作过程如下：
将运动体 41 置于水室 1中的水面位置， 控制打开其上方和下方进出水口， 水室 1中 的水自然涌入运动体 41 的中空部分； 当运动体 41和装盛其中的水的总重量大于运动体 41 的浮力并达到发电设定的重量时， 控制关闭上方和下方进出水口。 此时， 由于运动体 41的整体重力大于浮力， 即运动体 41的密度大于水的密度，运动体 41下沉，相对于水室 1内壁作向下运动， 即线圈相对于磁铁运动， 产生电能。 所产生的电能通过连接在线圈上 的电能输送装置 5输送到公共电网
充满水的运动体 41下沉至水室底部，和倒换装置 2接触时， 控制使运动体 41的侧板 门 419和端口 84严密对接，同时使运动体 41的下方进出水口和倒换装置 2的进水孔对接， 利用倒换装置 2和排水装置 3将其中的水排空。
与此同时将填充运动体 41 '设置于下行管道 82 的上端， 由于重力作用， 填充运动体 41 '沿着管轨下滑， 相对于下行管道 82的内壁作下行运动， 即， 线圈相对于磁铁运动， 产 生电能。 产生的电能通过电能输送装置 5输送至公共电网。
控制当填充运动体 41 '运行至端口 85时， 运动体 41中的水刚好排空， 此时控制开启 端口 84以及侧板门 419, 驱动填充运动体 41'进入运动体 41的中空部分， 通过设定运动 体 41的浮力， 使填充运动体 4Γ和能够运动体 41一起上浮， 即线圈相对于磁铁运动， 产 生电能， 所产生的电能以与第一实施例相同的方式输送到公共电网。
当运动体 41上升至水面时， 控制侧板门 419和端口 84严密对接并接通， 驱动填充运 动体 41'驶出运动体 41， 引送至下行管道 82的上端。 填充运动体 41 '驶出运动体 41后， 控制开启运动体 41的上下进出水口 413， 填充水。 往复循环， 连续发电。
整个过程中， 通过倒换装置 2的倒换，. 运动体 41从下沉状态转换为上浮状态， 同时， 运动体 41将填充运动体 4Γ从下行状态倒换为与其同步的上浮状态， 进行发电。
请参见图 14， 是根据本发明第十四实施例的发电装置。
根据本发明第十四实施例的发电装置是第五实施例和第七实施例的组合，设置于海水 中。 本实施例的发电装置具有水室 1、 倒换装置 2、 排水装置 3、 发电组件 4、 电能输出装 置 5以及无水通道 6。 其中， 水室 1、 倒换装置 2、 排水装置 3的结构和第四实施例相同。 无水管道 8和第七实施例中的一种结构相同。 区别在于， 运动体 41呈近似椭圆状， 上设 有侧板门 419， 侧板门 419处于水室 1底部时， 侧板门和无水通道 8的端口 84相对接。
其工作过程如下：
控制运动体 41进行和第五实施例完全相同的下沉发电。同时控制填充运动体 41'进行 与第八实施例完全相同的下行发电。
当运动体 41和填充运动体 41'运行到下行发电的终端时， 控制使填充运动体 41 '进入 运动体 41的中空部分， 进行和第十三实施例相同的上浮发电。 如此循环。
请参见图 15， 图 15是根据本发明的第十五实施例的运输系统。
根据本发明第十五实施例的运输系统包括:与前述第七实施例相同的发电装置 A和运 输管道 9， 管道 9上一定间隔设有通风孔 91 , 水平设置， 管道内设有水平光滑的管轨（未 显示）， 运输管道 9的始端 91和所述无水管道 8的底端相连接， 终端 92通向地势较低地 点的地面。 也可以将运输管道的终端 92连接至设置于地势较低地的发电装置的水室 （未 显示） 。 还可以将地下运输系统的终端 92连接至设置于地下人货中转站（未显示） ， 利 用其他原理的抬升装置运至地面。 该装置可以是专门为运输设置的上升水梯。
该运输系统的工作过程是： 利用发电装置 A发出的电能驱动运行到下行管道 82底端 的运动体 41在所述管轨上沿平管运动，可以利用运动体 41的中空部分进行人运输。当运 动体 41将人或货物运输到设定地点时，利用该上浮装置将运动体 41将其中运送的人或物 运上地面。
请参见图 16， 图 16是根据本发明的第十六实施例的运输系统。
根据本发明的运输系统设置在海水中，包括与前述第八实施例相同的第一和第二发电 装置 A、 B和运输管道 9， 第一和第二发电装置 A、 B设置于近海的不同地点， 运输管道 9设置于海水中， 其上相隔一定间隔设有通风孔 （未显示） ， 管道内设有水平光滑的管轨 (未显示） 。 运输管道 9的始端 91和发电装置 A的无水管道 8A的底端相连接， 终端 92 通向设置于另一地点的第二发电装置 B的第二倒换装置 2B。 为了对设置在海水中的运输 管 9进行固定， 还需要设置海底地下锚桩 71和固定钢缆 72， 在钢缆 72上端设置稳定闸 77， 对运输管道 9进行固定。
该运输系统的工作过程是： 将人或物装在运动体 41的中空部分中， 利用发电装置 A 发出的电能驱动运行到下行管道 82A底端的运动体 41在所述管轨上沿平管运动， 运动体 41的中空部分进行人货运输。当运动体 41将人或货物运输到第一发电装置 B的倒换装置 2B中时， 利用该水室的浮力将将运动体 41以及其中运送的物运上地面。
水平运输管道是适用于海洋和陆地地下的的管道运输系统，由于运输平管阻力系数可 达到很低 （0.03 ) ， 稳定性好、 平直、 光滑、 优良， 且运输消耗极低， 是高速、 超高速运 载工具的有效设置， 能为高速、 超高速的平管运输提供有效的保障。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种发电装置， 包括：
自控电子机械系统， 用于控制该发电装置自动运行；
发电组件， 该发电组件包括至少一个用于发电的运动体；
电能输送装置，所述电能输送装置和上述发电组件连接，用以将所述发电组件产生的 电能输送到公共电网 ·，
其特征在于， 该装置还具有： 水室、倒换装置和排水装置， 其中， 所述运动体在所述 水室中作上浮下沉或上浮运动；所述倒换装置设置在所述水室下方，用于将所述运动体从 下沉状态倒换到上浮状态；所述排水装置设置在所述倒换装置一侧，一端和所述倒换装置 相连接，另一端通向容量充足的环境，用以将所述倒换装置中的水排出，使所述倒换装置 可以对所述运动体进行循环倒换。
2.如权利要求 1设所述发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述发电组件中， 水室内壁中设置 用于发电的线圈或磁铁，所述运动体中相应设置磁铁或线圈；该发电组件还包括置于所述 运动体上的滚轮;所述滚轮用于限定所述运动体和所述水室内壁之间的间隔并稳定运动体 的发电运动。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述发电组件还包括设置于水室上 方的发电机和发电机磨轮， 以及连接所述运动体和所述发电机磨轮的传动装置。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述传动装置是滑轮组， 包括滑轮 和齿带，所述滑轮设置在水室下方，所述齿带绕过所述发电机磨轮和所述滑轮，构成近似 矩形， 所述运动体固定在所述矩形的竖直边上。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述发电机和发电机磨轮设置于水 室下方， 所述滑轮固定于水室上方。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述排水装置设置在所述倒换装置 的下方； 所述倒换装置中的水能自然流入所述排水装置中。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的发电装置，其特征在于，所述容量充足的环境是利用自然力 将排出的水送回所述水室的运水装置。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述容量充足的环境是下游江河或 排水管道。
9. 如权利要求 1所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述运动体是圆形球体、 椭圆形球 体、 正方体或长方体。
10. 如权利要求 1所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述运动体一侧设有环形滑扣， 该 水室中设有用于控制所述运动体的导引滑索，所述环形滑扣扣抓在所述导引滑索上，用于 控制所述运动体稳定运行。
11. 如权利要求 1所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述发电装置设置在海洋中， 所述 容量充足的环境是设置在海洋中的装置。
12. 如权利要求 11所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述发电装置还包括水中固定装 置。
13.如权利要求 12所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述水中固定装置包括设置于海 底地下的锚桩、固定于所述锚桩上的钢缆、连接在所述钢缆上端的浮子、固定在所述浮子 上的浮板和浮板支柱， 所述水上部分固定在所述浮板上。
14.如权利要求 13所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述水中固定装置还包括设置于 海底地下并伸出海面的支撑柱。
15.如权利要求 14所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述水中固定装置中的部分钢缆 设置于水下； 所述钢缆上端固定有稳定闸。
16.如权利要求 1所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述运动体是中空箱体， 重力小于 浮力，其上方和下方设有进出水口；所述倒换装置的上板门对应所述下方进出水口的位置 上设有进水孔；通过打开所述进出水口向所述中空运动体中填充水，或控制所述进出水口 和所述进水孔打开并严密对接，可以将填充水排至所述倒换装置，进而调配运动体与水的 密度大小， 从而改变所述运动体的运动状态。
17.如权利要求 16所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述运动体和所述上板门接触部 位设有稳定停留装置，用于暂时将运动体和倒换装置固定在一起， 以控制所述运动体在上 浮准备阶段暂时处于稳定状态。
18.如权利要求 16所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述稳定停留装置包括固定在所 述上板门上的固定件，通过滚珠和固定件连接的滑动卡接件，以及固定在所述运动体下方 的稳定件。
19.如权利要求 16所述的发电装置，其特征在于，所述发电装置设置在江河入海口， 水室深度在 200米内，该发电装置还包括将江河中的水引入所述水室的引水道；所述容量 充足的环境是设置在海底的正渗透装置。
20.如权利要求 1所述的发电装置，其特征在于，所述发电装置还包括至少一条由高 到低的无水管道和填充运动体；所述无水管道设置于所述水室外侧，所述无水管道的上端 和下端突出深入所述水室中并具有可以开关的端口；所述运动体还具有至少一个可以打幵 的侧板门，所述运动体的侧板门可以和所述端口严密对接并接通， 以使得所述填充运动体 能从所述无水管道进出所述运动体中， 和所述运动体一起在水室中上浮。
21.如权利要求 1所述的发电装置，其特征在于，所述发电装置还包括至少一条由高 到低的无水管道；所述倒换装置具有可以打开的上板门以及至少一个侧板门，所述上板门 将所述水室和所述倒换装置连通或隔开，所述侧板门将所述倒换装置和所述无水管道连通 或隔开；所述无水管道设置于所述水室外侧，上端和所述水室的上端开口相通，下端和所 述侧板门相通， 所述运动体在无水通道、 倒换装置以及水室构成的路线内运动。 .
22. 如权利要求 21所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述无水管道包括上引送管道、 由髙到低的下行管道、 以及下引送管道；上引送管道一端连接着水室上端开口，另一端连 接着下行管道的始端， 并设有引送滑动装置； 下行管道的终端连接着下引送管道的一端； 下引送管道的另一端连接着倒换装置的侧板门。
23. 如权利要求 22所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述下行管道是直管、 竖直管或 弯管。
24.如权利要求 21 所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述无水管道内壁中设置线圈或 磁铁， 所述运动体中对应设置磁铁或线圈。
25. 如权利要求 21 所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述无水管道内设有光滑管轨， 所述运动体具有转轮， 所述运动体通过所述转轮在所述管轨上运行。
26.如权利要求 25所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述转轮的轮子内圈设置磁铁或 线圈， 所述转轮的轮轴上对应设置线圈或磁铁。
27. 如权利要求 21所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述发电组件还包括设置于水室 上方的发电机组以及悬浮于水室设定位置的传动装置。
28. 如权利要求 27所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 该传动装置包括缓冲板和设置于 所述缓冲板上的平衡架，所述平衡架中间设有链齿立柱，所述链齿立柱上端和所述发电机 磨轮啮合。
29.如权利要求 21所述的发电装置，其特征在于，所述运动体中设有刹车发电装置， 用于控制所述运动体在进入所述倒换装置全过程中， 运动速度逐渐归零并产生电能。
30. 如权利要求 21所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述运动体是中空运动体。
31.如权利要求 21所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述运动体是实心和空心交替的 可伸缩部件， 伸展状态的浮力大于重力。 .
32.如权利要求 21所述的发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述电能输出装置包括设置在下 行管道中靠近管壁处的电缆、连接着转轮中的线圈的导线， 以及连接着导线并可滑动地扣 抓在电缆上的无轨电车式弹杆电缆扣抓滑滚轮。
33.一种发电装置，其特征在于，该发电装置包括沿地势走向从高到底串联设置的如 权利要求 1所述的发电装置， 其中， 上一发电装置的排水装置通向下一发电装置的水室， 设置于最低地点的发电装置的排水装置通向下游江河。
34.一种发电装置， 其特征在于， 该发电装置包括并联设置的如权利要求 21所述的 发电装置，其中，并联设置的第一个发电装置和最后一个发电装置具有一个所述无水管道， 中间发电装置具有两个所述无水管道;第一发电装置的无水管道的底端和第二发电装置倒 换装置连接，第二发电装置的第一无水管道的底端和第一发电装置的倒换装置连接；第二 发电装置的第二无水管道的底端和第三发电装置的倒换装置连接，第三发电装置的第一无 水管道和第二 ^电装置的倒换装置连接；依次连接；倒数第二个发电装置的第二无水管道 和最后一个发电装置的倒换装置连接;最后一个发电装置的无水管道的底端和倒数第二个 发电装置的倒换装置连接。
35.一种管道运输系统， 其特征在于， 该系统包括如权利要求 21所述的发电装置和 地下运输平管，所述地下运输平管的始端和所述发电装置的无水管道的底端连接，终端通 向地势较低地的地面，以使所述运动体沿所述地下运输平管运动，将装于其中空部分的人 货运至设定地点。
36.如权利要求 35所述的运输系统， 其特征在于， 所述地下运输平管的终端通向上 升装置。
37.如权利要求 35所述的运输系统， 其特征在于， 所述上升装置是设置在所述运输 平管终端的下一发电装置的水室。
38.如权利要求 35所述的运输系统， 其特征在于， 所述上升装置是上浮水梯。
PCT/CN2006/002239 2006-08-31 2006-08-31 Dispositif de production d'énergie et système de transport de cette énergie WO2008028331A1 (fr)

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US20090236856A1 (en) 2009-09-24
CN101238286A (zh) 2008-08-06
JP5048067B2 (ja) 2012-10-17
EP2063104A4 (en) 2011-03-16
AU2007299414A1 (en) 2008-03-27
US8146361B2 (en) 2012-04-03
BRPI0715937A2 (pt) 2014-10-29
EP2063104A1 (en) 2009-05-27
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EA200900372A1 (ru) 2009-08-28
KR20090063225A (ko) 2009-06-17

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