WO2008025294A1 - Système, dispositif et procédé par connexion pair à pair de flux multimedia - Google Patents

Système, dispositif et procédé par connexion pair à pair de flux multimedia Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008025294A1
WO2008025294A1 PCT/CN2007/070535 CN2007070535W WO2008025294A1 WO 2008025294 A1 WO2008025294 A1 WO 2008025294A1 CN 2007070535 W CN2007070535 W CN 2007070535W WO 2008025294 A1 WO2008025294 A1 WO 2008025294A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
peer
streaming media
client
program
super seed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/070535
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Bin Fang
Bo Wu
Shili Lin
Haibo Wang
Yang Song
Original Assignee
Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited filed Critical Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited
Publication of WO2008025294A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008025294A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1061—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using node-based peer discovery mechanisms
    • H04L67/1063—Discovery through centralising entities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1074—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks for supporting data block transmission mechanisms
    • H04L67/1076—Resource dissemination mechanisms or network resource keeping policies for optimal resource availability in the overlay network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1074—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks for supporting data block transmission mechanisms
    • H04L67/1078—Resource delivery mechanisms
    • H04L67/108—Resource delivery mechanisms characterised by resources being split in blocks or fragments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1087—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using cross-functional networking aspects
    • H04L67/1091—Interfacing with client-server systems or between P2P systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1087—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using cross-functional networking aspects
    • H04L67/1093—Some peer nodes performing special functions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to streaming media technologies, and in particular, to a peer-to-peer connected streaming media live broadcast system, apparatus and method. Background of the invention
  • each client terminal is both a client and a server. Taking a shared download file as an example, each user terminal downloading the same file only needs to download a fragment of the file, and then each user exchanges clips with each other, and finally each user can get the complete file.
  • the P2P streaming media live broadcast service is a live broadcast service based on the Internet using P2P mode. It is generally used to implement streaming video programs on the network, such as watching TV and listening to music.
  • the P2P streaming media live tool has been widely used and recognized on the Internet.
  • the P2P streaming media broadcasts the data sharing between users, which reduces the load on the service provider and saves the cost of providing services.
  • the P2P streaming media live broadcast service has good user participation and becomes a direction for future development.
  • a collecting device generally generates streaming media data; and an index server (P2P Server) is configured to store information of each collecting device, and a client that requests viewing at a recent time. information.
  • P2P Server index server
  • the collecting device distributes the streaming media data to some users in the system, and then the users in the P2P streaming media live broadcast system interact with each other to download streaming media data required for viewing the program from other users.
  • the specific process is: the collecting device collects streaming media data from various input devices, and segments the streaming media data, and then publishes the information that owns the streaming media data to the index server; the client requests the viewing server to watch the program, from the index server Obtaining the collection device information of the provided program and other client information for watching the same program; the client connects to the collection device or other client, requests them to download the fragmented streaming media data; and the collection device according to a certain strategy, the fragmented stream
  • the media data is sent to the client; the client can also download the streaming media data fragments that are needed by other clients that serve the same program, so that the client also performs streaming data interaction.
  • the current P2P streaming media live broadcast system has many drawbacks. First, since the client downloads the required streaming media data from the collection device and other clients, and the above device is not dedicated to downloading the service device, the download service capability is not strong, which limits the download speed of the information.
  • the geographic location of the client is different.
  • the collection device and the client may not belong to the same network operator, so the network connection between them may be poor, and the network bandwidth is limited.
  • Distributing streaming media data directly from the collection device to some clients may result in inefficient distribution and affect the use of streaming media programs by the client. For example, when watching TV programs using streaming media, there may be pauses in the picture, only sound or It is impossible to watch at all. This situation also makes streaming media data unable to use high-speed network transmission, and long-term occupation of low-speed network bandwidth, resulting in low network transmission efficiency, wasting high-speed network resources, and degrading network performance.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a peer-to-peer connection streaming media live broadcast system, which can speed up the distribution process of streaming media data on the network, so that the streaming media live program can obtain a smoother viewing effect.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a peer-to-peer connected streaming media live broadcast device, which can speed up the distribution process of the streaming media data on the network, so that the streaming media live broadcast program can obtain a smoother enjoyment effect.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also proposes a peer-to-peer connection streaming media live broadcast method, which can speed up the distribution process of streaming media data on the network, so that the streaming media live program can obtain a smoother viewing effect.
  • a peer-to-peer connection streaming media live broadcast system comprising an acquisition server, an index server, and at least one client, wherein the system further comprises at least one super seed node, the super seed node having a stronger download than the client Service capability for obtaining streaming media data from an acquisition server and/or other super seed nodes;
  • An indexing server configured to return, to the client, a super seed node that serves the program and/or another client that downloads the same program according to the network information of the client that initiates the download of the program request;
  • the client is configured to request the index server to download the program, and download the streaming media data corresponding to the program from the super seed node and/or other client returned by the index server.
  • a peer-to-peer connection streaming media live broadcast method comprising:
  • a super seed node having a stronger download service capability than the client obtains streaming media data from the collection server and/or other super seed nodes;
  • the client requests the index server to download the program, and the index server returns the super seed node serving the program and/or other clients downloading the same program to the client according to the network information of the client that initiated the request;
  • the client downloads streaming media data corresponding to the program from the super seed node and/or other client returned from the index server.
  • a peer-to-peer connected streaming media live broadcast device which has a stronger download service capability than a client, the device comprising:
  • a download request initiating unit configured to initiate a download program request to the index server, and receive an acquisition server related to the program returned by the index server and other peer-to-peer connected streaming media live devices that are downloading the program;
  • a streaming media data obtaining unit configured to acquire streaming media data corresponding to the downloading program from the collection server associated with the program and other peer-to-peer connected streaming media live broadcast devices that are downloading the program;
  • a streaming media data providing unit configured to provide streaming media data corresponding to the program to a client and/or other peer-to-peer connected streaming media live broadcast device that initiates a download request for the program.
  • the central distribution network formed by the super seed node distributes the streaming media data to the user, which solves the problem caused by the collection device and the client in different network operators and different regions under the existing network conditions. The problem of low efficiency in distributing streaming media data.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art peer-to-peer connected streaming media live broadcast system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a peer-to-peer connected streaming media live broadcast system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of obtaining streaming media data by a distribution network composed of super seed nodes in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system for obtaining streaming media data in a distribution network composed of super seed nodes in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart showing the distribution of streaming media data by the system of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of a super seed node device in the first embodiment of the present invention. Mode for carrying out the invention
  • FIG. 1 it is a peer-to-peer connection streaming media live broadcast system of the prior art.
  • the system includes an acquisition server 101, an index server 102, and a plurality of clients 103.
  • the solid line in the figure indicates the transmission path of the streaming media data and related state information.
  • the dotted line indicates the transmission path of the status information.
  • the working principle of the system has been explained in the background section and will not be mentioned here.
  • a node with a more powerful download service capability that is, a super seed node as described in the present invention, is added to speed up the propagation of streaming media data in the network. speed. Since the super seed node is a device dedicated to the download service, the download service capability may be hundreds of times higher than that of the general client, and distributing the streaming media data through the node naturally enhances the propagation speed of the streaming media data.
  • the optimization system proposed by the present invention adds a number of super seed nodes to each geographical location and each operator network in the entire network, and these super seed nodes form a central distribution network.
  • the client selects the appropriate super seed node and client according to the state of the network in which it is located, and performs the required streaming media data download.
  • This kind of system will enable the distribution of streaming media data to select faster and more reasonable data channels, and data transmission will be carried out more on high-speed networks, thereby greatly improving the utilization efficiency of the entire network, speeding up the transmission of data, and enabling users to obtain smooth programs. Experience.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a peer-to-peer connected streaming media direct broadcast system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system includes an acquisition server 201, an index server 202, a super seed node 203, and a client 204.
  • a plurality of the above devices may exist in the network.
  • the figure shows the super seed node 203A of the operator A, the super seed node 203B of the operator B, and a plurality of clients 204C-204E located in different operator networks and geographic locations.
  • the solid line in the figure indicates the distributed streaming media data or status information.
  • the dotted line in the figure indicates the index server and the super Status information of the level seed node interaction.
  • the index server 202 is a P2P server (P2P Server).
  • the collection server 201 is configured to be responsible for collecting the streaming media data, and the collection server 201 collects the streaming media data from various input devices, fragments the collected streaming media data, and numbers the streaming media data that is being provided by itself. Information is published to the index server 202.
  • the streaming media data number is strictly increased with the time of collecting the streaming media data, and the collecting server 201 buffers the data for a period of time (for example, 2 minutes), and displays the streaming media data information of the program owned by the user, including the program name and the streaming media data number. Published to the index server 202.
  • the index server 202 is configured to save, for each program, information of all the collection servers 201 that provide the program streaming media data, and the super seed node 203 that is downloading the program and the client 204 information that is downloading the program.
  • a client 204 or a super seed node 203 needs to download a program, it sends a download request to the index server 202, which includes the network information of the client 204 or the super seed node 203 and the request service. The name of the program.
  • the index server 202 will return all or a portion of its associated information about the other super seed nodes 203 and other clients 204 that are downloading the program.
  • the client 204 or super seed node 203 may be from other super seed nodes 203 and Other clients 204 download the programs they need.
  • the index server 202 is responsible for managing the information about the client 204 that downloaded the program and the super seed node 203 that serves the program. It does not provide content download for the client 204 or the super seed node 203, nor does it itself download the program.
  • the related information includes network information and status information, and the network information refers to the network location where the super seed node 203 is located, including the network of the operator and the geographic location; the status information refers to the downloaded program name and the streaming media data fragment of the downloaded program. The number. This information can be used as a basis for selection when the client 204 selects where to download the fragmented streaming media data.
  • the first strategy returns information, the first is to return the client with the same carrier and similar geographical location.
  • the client 204 or related information of the super seed node 203 are randomly returned.
  • the super seed node 203 is a device dedicated to the streaming media download service, and the difference from the general client node is mainly that it has a powerful downloading streaming media service for the other client 204 than the client 204. Capabilities, in addition to this, the status of the super seed node 203 in the network is not substantially different from the client 204. Having a super seed node 203 in the system can improve the ability to distribute streaming media data to a certain extent, but this is far from the best technical solution. In the present system, the super seed node 203 is arranged in each operator network.
  • each super seed node 203 can also be arranged in different geographical locations of the same carrier network to speed up the distribution speed in the same network operator network.
  • Each operator can directly place the Super Seed Node 203 in the Operator's Computer Room (IDC) to take full advantage of the carrier's network.
  • Each of the super seed nodes 203 should be interconnected by a high speed network to enable rapid distribution of program data in the network.
  • the client 204 can obtain the required information from the super seed node 203 closer to itself, and the client The streaming media data obtained by the terminal 204 can in turn be utilized by other nearby clients 204, so that the distribution efficiency of the entire system is increased exponentially. Therefore, the super seed node 203 can greatly increase the speed at which the system distributes streaming media data.
  • the client 204 is configured to download and play streaming media data.
  • the download request is first sent to the index server 202, and the index service is provided.
  • the provider 202 provides the client 204 with information regarding its request to download the program, including other clients 204 that have recently downloaded the program, and the super seed node 203.
  • the client 204 downloads the fragmented streaming media data to other suitable clients 204 and super seed nodes 203 based on the information.
  • the client 204 records the segmented streaming media data number of the downloaded program, and continuously exchanges related information with the other related super seed nodes 203 and the client 204 to select an appropriate path for downloading at any time. Fragment streaming media data.
  • the index server 202 does not return the information of the collection server 201 that provides the desired download program to the client 204, when the client 204 downloads the program, only the desired program can be downloaded from the other client 204 including the super seed node 203. It is not possible to download the program directly to the collection server 201.
  • the workflow for distributing streaming media data is mainly divided into two parts: obtaining streaming media data and streaming media data distribution.
  • the process of obtaining streaming media data refers to the process of obtaining streaming media data by a distribution network composed of super seed nodes 203 in the system.
  • Figure 3 shows a flow chart of the process.
  • Figure 4 shows a related system diagram for this part. As can be seen from Figure 4, the process is independent of the client 204.
  • Step S301 the index server 202 records the network information corresponding to the collection server 201 of each program and the super seed node 203.
  • the collection server 201 collects streaming media data of the program from various input devices.
  • the collection server 201 fragments the collected streaming media data, and numbers the fragmented streaming media data, and the numbering time of the streaming media data collection is strictly increased.
  • the collection server 201 buffers data for a period of time (for example, 2 minutes), and then displays the stream data of the program itself.
  • the status information including the program name and the number, is posted to the index server 202.
  • Step S303 the index server 202 records the status information issued by the collection server 201 in step S302.
  • step S304 the super seed node 203 proposes to the index server 202 to download a certain program.
  • Step S305 the index server 202 returns the network information of the collection server 201 related to the program to the super seed node 203, and other information of the super seed node 203 that is downloading the program.
  • Step S306 the index server 202 responds to the network information of the super seed node 203 of the program request service.
  • Step S307 the super seed node 203 maintains status information of each program that is being downloaded, including: media data fragments that are cached by itself, and related information of other super seed nodes 203 that serve the same program.
  • the super seed node 203, and the super seed node 203 and the collection server 201 exchange their own cached stream data fragment number, and save other super seed nodes 203 or collection servers obtained by the interaction.
  • 201 cached streaming media data slice number.
  • the purpose of the above information is to download and obtain the relevant fragmented streaming media data providing information for the super seed node 203, so that the super seed node 203 can always obtain the required fragmented streaming media data through the most reasonable path.
  • Step S308 the super seed node 203 determines the super seed node 203 for downloading the required fragmented streaming media data according to the number of the cached fragment obtained above, and the other super seed node 203 that downloads the same program or the buffering fragment number of the collecting server 201. Or the collection server 201.
  • Step S309 the super seed node 203 proposes a download request to the other super seed node 203 or the collection server 201 determined by the super seed node 203 according to the result of step S308.
  • Step S310 the requested super seed node 203 or the collection server 201 allows or The user refused to download.
  • Each collection server 201 has a maximum value of the super seed node 203 that is allowed to be connected. If the connected super seed node 203 does not exceed the maximum allowed download value, the download is provided for the new download request, otherwise the download is rejected.
  • each super seed node 203 also has a value of the maximum allowable connection super seed node 203. If the connected super seed node 203 does not exceed the maximum allowed download value, the download is provided for the new download request, otherwise the download is rejected. The information rejecting the download request is sent to the super seed node 203 that made the download request, and the super seed node 203 will reselect the other collection server 201 or the super seed node 203 for download.
  • the super seed node 203 acquires the required streaming media data from the collection server 201 or other super seed nodes 203.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a flow diagram for distributing streaming media data in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • step S501 the client 204 requests the index server 202 to download a certain program.
  • Step S502 the index server 202 records the network information of the client 204 corresponding to the program.
  • Step S503 the index server 202 determines the operator and the geographical location of the client according to the network information of the client 204, and then returns the network information of the super seed node 203 serving the program and the other client 204 downloading the same program according to a certain policy.
  • the policy is: the operator has the same and the geographical position is similar; if the above situation does not exist, the operator has the same priority; if the above situation does not exist, the geographical location is similar to the priority If the above situation still does not exist, choose randomly.
  • Step S504 according to the obtained information, between the clients 204 that are downloading the same program, and the number of the streaming media data fragments that are cached by the client 204 and the super seed node 203, and save other clients obtained by the interaction.
  • Client 204 maintains each of the downloads that it is downloading
  • the status information of the program includes: the number of the media data fragment cached by itself, and the status information and network information of some other super seed nodes 203 and some other clients 204 that are downloading the program.
  • Step S505 the client 204 determines, according to the number of the cached fragment, and the other super seed node 203 that downloads the same program or the number of the cached fragment of the client 204, to determine the super seed node 203 or the client 204 that downloads the fragmented streaming media data.
  • Step S506 the client 204 submits a download request to the other super seed node 203 or the client 204 according to the result of the above determination.
  • Step S507 the super seed node 203 or the client 204 receiving the download request accepts or rejects the download request.
  • the super seed node 203 has the maximum number of clients 204 connections allowed, and if the connected client 204 does not exceed the maximum allowed download value, the download is provided for the new download request, otherwise the download is rejected.
  • the super seed node 203 checks the download rate of each client 204 of the service in real time. If the real-time download rate of a certain client 204 is found to be relatively low for a certain period of time, the service of the client 204 is stopped, so that the user is vacant. The number of connections can serve other clients 204 that download faster.
  • the determination criterion that the download rate is relatively low may have a system determining a fixed minimum download rate in advance, and once a download rate of a client 204 is lower than the value, it is timed, and is still in the same time when the specified time is reached. When the rate is too low, the download to the client 204 is stopped.
  • each client 204 has a maximum number of clients allowed to connect. If the connection requesting the downloaded client 204 does not exceed the value of the maximum allowed client 204, the download is provided for the new download request, otherwise the download is rejected.
  • the super seed node 203 is included. As described above, the super seed node 203 is a network node having a stronger download service capability than the client 204. In addition, the super seed node 203 is no different from the normal client 204. Step S508, the related information of the rejection download request is sent to the client 204 requesting the download, and the client 204 makes a download request to the other super seed node 203 or the client 204.
  • the super seed node 203 can access the streaming media data to the peer-to-peer connected streaming media network formed by the client 204 at a high speed to realize high-speed live broadcast.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a super seed node device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, including:
  • the receiving unit 601 is configured to receive the streaming media fragment downloaded from the other super seed node 203 or the client 204 or receive the download request information sent by the other super seed node 203 or the client 204;
  • the sending unit 602 is configured to send the fragmented streaming media data or send the information to the other super seed node 203 or the client 204 to download the request information;
  • a cache unit 603 configured to cache streaming media fragments and other information
  • the policy management unit 604 is configured to manage the connection usage of the device, and determine other super seed nodes 203, the collection server 201, and the client 204 that determine the download request.
  • the requesting unit 605 is configured to send a service request to the index server 202.
  • the above-mentioned super seed node device has powerful download service capability and is placed on a line with fast data transmission in the network, which can speed up the information publishing speed of the entire network.
  • the streaming data is distributed to the user by using the central distribution network composed of the super seed nodes, and the existing network conditions are solved, because the collecting device and the client are in different network operators. And the problem of low efficiency of distributing streaming media data caused by different regions.
  • the super seed nodes are placed in the network room of each network operator, and high-speed interconnected network lines can be used for each other, so that streaming media data can be distributed to different operators and geographical networks at high speed, and utilized in the distribution process.
  • High-speed network lines make full use of network resources, avoiding long-term occupation of low-speed network resources and preventing network performance from deteriorating.
  • the media streaming device is used to distribute the fragmented streaming media data to the super seed node at a high speed, and then the super seed node uses the high speed network to distribute each other, the network connection requirement of the media collection device is reduced, and the streaming media distribution is improved. speed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)

Abstract

Système actif de connexion pair à pair de flux multimédia comprenant un serveur de collecte, un serveur d'index, plusieurs clients ainsi que des noeuds multiples à supergerme. Le noeud à supergerme émet une demande de téléchargement à l'intention du serveur d'index, le serveur d'index se tourne vers le serveur de collecte pour la diffusion dudit programme ainsi que les informations client renfermant des éléments de données de flux multimédia dudit programme; le noeud à supergerme télécharge les éléments de données de flux mutimédia depuis le serveur de collecte et le client, et enregistre les éléments tamponnés des données de flux multimédia dans le serveur d'index; lorsque le client fait une demande de téléchargement, le serveur d'index fournit les informations des clients et des noeuds à supergerme qui ont téléchargé ledit programme en dernier, le client pouvant télécharger le programme par fragments en fonction des clients susmentionnés et des noeuds à supergerme. Le noeud à supergerme possède une capacité de téléchargement supérieure à celle des clients. Grâce à la répartition de noeuds à supergerme dans le réseau, cette invention permet d'établir un réseau rapide de distribution des données de flux multimédia et d'accélérer la diffusion de ces données.
PCT/CN2007/070535 2006-08-22 2007-08-21 Système, dispositif et procédé par connexion pair à pair de flux multimedia WO2008025294A1 (fr)

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CN200610111492.7 2006-08-22
CN 200610111492 CN100556129C (zh) 2006-08-22 2006-08-22 一种对等连接流媒体直播系统和装置

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WO2023050945A1 (fr) * 2021-09-30 2023-04-06 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Procédé et système de transmission de contenu multimédia, dispositif électronique, et support de stockage

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