Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
  • A61M25/1002—Balloon catheters characterised by balloon shape
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
  • A61F2/954—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts for placing stents or stent-grafts in a bifurcation
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
  • A61F2/958—Inflatable balloons for placing stents or stent-grafts
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
  • A61M25/1011—Multiple balloon catheters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/856—Single tubular stent with a side portal passage
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
  • A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
  • A61M2025/1045—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications for treating bifurcations, e.g. balloons in y-configuration, separate balloons or special features of the catheter for treating bifurcations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
  • A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
  • A61M2025/1059—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having different inflatable sections mainly depending on the response to the inflation pressure, e.g. due to different material properties
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
  • A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
  • A61M2025/1068—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having means for varying the length or diameter of the deployed balloon, this variations could be caused by excess pressure

Definitions

• this invention relates to implantable medical devices, their manufacture, and methods of use. Some embodiments are directed to delivery systems, such as catheter systems of all types, which are utilized in the delivery of such devices. Some embodiments are directed to the manufacture and preparation of said delivery systems.
• a bifurcation is an area of the vasculature or other portion of the body where a first (or parent) vessel is bifurcated into two or more branch vessels. Where a stenotic lesion or lesions form at such a bifurcation, the lesion(s) can affect only one of the vessels (i.e., either of the branch vessels or the parent vessel) two of the vessels, or all three vessels.
• Stents intended for deployment at a vessel bifurcation often require specialized delivery systems that include more parts than a traditional delivery catheter. While auxiliary portions of a delivery system have been successful in expanding portions of stents into a side branch vessel, there remains a need for devices that are particularly suitable for expanding stents at a bifurcation to achieve an ideal expanded configuration.
• the invention is directed to a balloon catheter comprising a catheter shaft having an internal catheter lumen, a primary balloon, a side branch shaft having an internal branch lumen and a secondary balloon.
• the secondary balloon comprises an inflatable body portion having an internal volume in fluid communication with the branch lumen/
• the inflatable body portion comprises a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being located closer to the primary balloon than the second portion.
• the first portion comprises a substantially tubular shape.
• the second portion has a larger cross-sectional area than the first portion.
• the invention is directed to a balloon catheter comprising a catheter shaft having an internal catheter lumen, a primary balloon, a side branch shaft having an internal branch lumen and a secondary balloon.
• the secondary balloon comprises an inflatable body portion having an internal volume in fluid communication with the branch lumen.
• the inflatable body portion comprises a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being located closer to the primary balloon than the second portion.
• a first maximum distance measured across the first portion is less than a second maximum distance measured across the second portion. The first maximum distance is measured at a location in the lower half of the height of the secondary balloon and the second maximum distance is measured at a location in the upper half of the height of the secondary balloon.
• the invention is directed to a balloon catheter comprising a catheter shaft having an internal catheter lumen, a primary balloon, a side branch shaft having an internal branch lumen and a secondary balloon.
• the secondary balloon comprises an inflatable body portion having an internal volume in fluid communication with the branch lumen.
• the inflatable body portion comprises a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being located closer to the primary balloon than the second portion.
• the second portion has a larger cross-sectional area than the first portion, and the secondary balloon comprises a non-spherical shape.
• the invention is directed to a method comprising providing a balloon catheter having a primary balloon, a secondary balloon and a stent.
• the secondary balloon is located beside the primary balloon.
• the secondary balloon comprises a first portion and a second portion, the second portion in an inflated state having a larger cross-sectional area than the first portion.
• the first portion is located closer to the primary balloon than the second portion.
• the stent comprises an outwardly expandable side branch petal structure.
• the stent is oriented about the balloon catheter with the secondary balloon positioned beneath the petal structure.
• the method further comprises delivering the stent to a deployment site at a vessel bifurcation having a side branch vessel, inflating the primary balloon to expand the stent, and inflating the secondary balloon to unfold the petal structure into the side branch vessel.
• Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a catheter having a shaped secondary balloon.
• Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a catheter expanding a stent.
• Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a secondary balloon, as well as stent elements being unfolded by the secondary balloon.
• Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a secondary balloon that assumes one inflated configuration at a first inflation pressure and a second inflated configuration at a second inflation pressure.
• Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a secondary balloon.
• Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a secondary balloon.
• Figure 7 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a secondary balloon.
• Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a balloon catheter 10 having a shaped secondary balloon 30.
• the catheter 10 comprises an elongate shaft 16 having an internal lumen 18 extending therethrough.
• the shaft 16 has a proximal portion 12 and a distal portion 14 that includes a tip 15.
• a tip 15 may be softer and/or more flexible than other portions of the shaft 16.
• a primary inflation balloon 30 is located in proximity to the distal portion 14 of the shaft 16.
• An internal volume of the primary balloon 20 is in fluid communication with the internal lumen 18 of the shaft 16, thus allowing the primary balloon 30 to be inflated and deflated.
• the secondary balloon 30 is attached to a secondary shaft 26 having an internal lumen 28.
• An internal volume of the secondary balloon 30 is in fluid communication with the internal lumen 28.
• a proximal end of the secondary shaft 26 connects to the catheter shaft 16 at a proximal connection location 22, and a distal end of the secondary shaft 26 connects to the catheter shaft 16 at a distal connection location 24.
• the proximal connection location 22 is located proximal to the primary balloon 20, and the distal connection location 24 is located distal to the primary balloon 20.
• the internal lumen 28 of the secondary shaft 26 is in fluid communication with the internal lumen 18 of the catheter shaft 16.
• the secondary balloon 30 is arranged to inflate and/or deflate simultaneously with the primary balloon 30.
• the connection between the two lumens 18, 28 is made at the proximal connection location 22, while the secondary shaft 26 is sealed at the distal connection location 24 or anywhere along the length of the secondary shaft 26 distal to the secondary balloon 30.
• the secondary balloon 30 is arranged to be inflatable and deflatable independently from the primary balloon 20.
• the catheter shaft 16 is provided with a second internal lumen that is in fluid communication with the secondary shaft lumen 28.
• a second internal lumen of the catheter shaft 16 can extend from the proximal connection location 22 to the proximal end 12 of the shaft 16.
• the secondary balloon 30 includes a first portion 32 and a second portion 34.
• the second portion 34 is stacked above the first portion 32 such that the second portion 34 is located farther away from the catheter shaft 16 and the primary balloon 20 than the first portion 32, for example as measured in a direction radial to the catheter shaft 16.
• the second portion 34 is generally larger than the first portion 32 across at least one dimension, and in some embodiments, across at least two dimensions.
• an internal volume of the second portion 34 is greater than an internal volume of the first portion 32.
• the secondary balloon 30 comprises a three-dimensional "mushroom" shape.
• Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a balloon catheter 10 expanding a stent 48.
• the stent 48 comprises a main cylindrical framework portion 21 and a plurality of outwardly deployable side branch petal structures 23.
• the main cylindrical framework portion 21 is expanded in diameter as the primary balloon 20 is inflated.
• the side branch petals 23 are further outwardly deployed as the secondary balloon 30 is inflated.
• Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a secondary balloon 30.
• a first side 40 and a second side 42 of the balloon 30 are symmetrical across a secondary balloon central axis 11.
• the first side 40 and the second side 42 comprise diametrically opposed regions.
• a diameter of the second portion 34 taken about the central axis 11 is larger than a diameter of the first portion 32.
• a distance across the second portion 34 as measured between opposing first 40 and second 42 sides is greater than a similar distance across the first portion 32.
• the second portion 34 includes an outwardly extending portion 44 that extends outwardly in a radial direction with respect to the central axis.11.
• the outwardly extending portion 44 forms an outward inclination that overhangs the first portion 32.
• the first portion 32 includes sidewall portions 33 that extend substantially parallel to the central axis 11.
• the first portion 32 is substantially tubular in shape.
• the first portion 32 is substantially cylindrical in shape.
• a first maximum distance dj measured across the first portion 32 is less than a second maximum distance d. 2 measured across the second portion 34.
• the first maximum distance and the second maximum distance efe can be measured parallel to one another.
• the first maximum distance dj and the second maximum distance c ⁇ can also be measured orthogonal to the central axis 11.
• the secondary balloon 30 defines a height h that can be measured in the radial direction of the catheter shaft 16. In some embodiments, the height h can be measured from a central axis of the secondary shaft 26 to the top of the secondary balloon 30. In some embodiments, the height h can be measured from the bottom of the first portion 32 to the top of the second portion 34. In some embodiments, the first portion 32 can define approximately a lower half of the height h and the second portion 34 can define approximately an upper half of the height h.
• the first maximum distance di is located in a lower half of the height h
• the second maximum distance c?2 is located in an upper half of the height h.
• the second maximum distance dj can be located in an upper 1/4 of the height h or even an upper 1/8 of the height h.
• the second maximum distance d 2 is generally located farther away from the primary balloon 20 than the first maximum distance du
• the secondary balloon 30 can be used to extend or unfold portions of a stent into a side branch vessel at a bifurcation.
• Some stents include a dedicated side branch structure, wherein a plurality of "petals” may be outwardly deployed by a secondary balloon 30.
• Some examples of stents with side branch petal structures are disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. US 2003/0163082 and US 2005/0060027, and U.S. Patent Application Nos. 11/138202, 11/138196 and 11/138022, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
• Figure 3 shows portions of a stent including a main cylindrical framework portion 21 and an outwardly expandable side branch petal portion 23.
• Each petal 23 is connected to the main framework 21 at a connection 27.
• Prior to outward deployment of the petals 23, each unexpanded petal 23 a may be aligned with the framework portion 21 and may be oriented substantially parallel to the catheter shaft 16.
• the secondary balloon 30 would be in a deflated and folded state beneath the unexpanded petal 23 a.
• each petal 23 During inflation of the secondary balloon 30 and the resulting unfolding deployment of the petals 23, each petal 23 generally pivots about at least one pivot point 31 , or in some embodiments, a rotation axis.
• the pivot point 31 comprises a connection 27 as the connection 27 yields.
• a rotation angle 25 comprises an angle measured about the pivot point/axis 31 between the unexpanded petal 23 a configuration and the deployed petal 23 configuration.
• the shape of the secondary balloon 30 allows the rotation angle to be greater than 90 degrees.
• Various embodiments of a secondary balloon 30 are configured to provide any suitable rotation angle 26, for example ranging from 90 degrees to 150 degrees or more.
• a secondary balloon 30 may be shaped to provide rotation angles of 100 degrees, 110 degrees, 120 degrees, 130 degrees, 140 degrees, etc.
• a stent may include a first petal 23 and a second petal 29 that are located opposite one another across the side branch structure. A distance may be measured between the rotation point/axis 31 of the first petal 23 and the rotation point/axis 31a of the second petal 29.
• a distance across the first portion 32 between opposing first 40 and second 42 sides is less than the distance between the rotation points 31, 31a of opposing petals 23, 29.
• a distance across the second portion 34 as measured between opposing first 40 and second 42 sides is greater than the distance between the rotation points 31 , 31 a of opposing petals 23 , 29.
• a secondary balloon 30 may be made using any suitable method.
• a balloon 30 is injection molded.
• a balloon 30 is blow molded from a preform.
• the preform comprises a tube that forms both the secondary shaft 26 and the secondary balloon 30.
• a balloon 30 is formed using a layer-by-layer deposit process that uses electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged particle layers, for example as described in US Patent Application Nos. 11/085780, 10/849742 and 11/085780, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
• further operations are performed on a secondary balloon 30 to achieve desired wall configurations.
• material may be removed from certain portions of the balloon 30 wall to achieve desired strength or flexibility characteristics.
• score lines may be formed in the balloon 30 wall to encourage predetermined folding patterns.
• Such operations include drilling, notching, punching, abrasive machining, water-jet machining, computer- numeric-control (CNC) machining, laser ablation, chemically dissolution, etc
• the balloons according to the invention may be formed from any suitable balloon material which can be molded as described.
• suitable classes of materials include, but are not limited to, polyolefins, polyamides (e.g. nylons or aramids), polyesters and copolyesters, polyurethanes, polyethers, polyimides, polycarbonates, etc. Copolymers are suitable for use as well.
• polyesters include, but are not limited to, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), etc.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PBT polybutylene terephthalate
• PEN polyethylene naphthalate
• HYTREL® polyester-ester elastomers available from DuPont
• PEBA block copolymers such as poly(ether-block-amide) block copolymers available under the tradename of PEBAX® from Arkema in Paris, France, may be employed herein.
• PEBAX® is available in different grades, for example, 6333, 7033 and 7233 are all suitable depending on the balloon properties desired.
• Suitable polyamides include, but are not limited to, nylon 6, nylon 10, nylon 11 and nylon 12.
• Polyurethanes are available commercially under the tradenames of ISOPLAST® and PELLETHANE® from Dow Chemical Co. in Midland, MI. These and other suitable balloon materials are described in U.S. Patent
• Reinforcement materials such as liquid crystal polymers may also be employed herein.
• Liquid crystal polymers are described for use in balloons in U.S. Patent Nos. 6242063, 6284333 and 6596219, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
• the second portion 34 is made from a different material than the first portion 32.
• the second portion.34 of a secondary balloon 30 will assume a first inflated shape at a first pressure and a second inflated shape at a second, higher pressure, while the first portion assumes substantially the same shape at both the first and second pressures.
• the compliance of the second portion 34 is different from the compliance of the first portion 32, and thus the secondary balloon 30 comprises a stepped compliance balloon.
• Figure 4 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a secondary balloon 30 capable of assuming different shapes at different pressures.
• the second portion 34 assumes a first inflated configuration 50, wherein the sidewall 33 of the second portion 34 is generally parallel to the sidewall 33 of the second portion 32.
• the second portion 34 generally comprises an extension of the first portion 32, and a diameter of the second portion 34 is substantially equal to the diameter of the first portion 32.
• the shape of the first portion 32 remains substantially the same, while the shape of the second portion 34 changes.
• the second portion 34 assumes a second inflated configuration 52, wherein the second portion 34 includes an outwardly extending portion 44 that overhangs the first portion 32.
• Such balloons 30 that are capable of assuming different shapes at different pressures may be manufactured according to any suitable method.
• the balloon 30 may be molded to the second inflated configuration 52 under heat and high pressure, allowed to shrink by reducing the internal pressure, and then molded to the first inflated configuration 50 at a moderate pressure.
• Some embodiments may further be manufactured according to the methods disclosed in US 6352551 to Wang, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• Some other embodiments may be made by selectively treating either the first portion 32 or the second portion 34, for example to selectively strengthen or weaken either portion 32, 34 as desired.
• operations are performed on the first portion 32 to cause cross-linking, resulting in a first portion 32 that is more resistant to yielding and strain elongation, hi some embodiments, the first portion 32 is reinforced, for example by placing an overcoating such as a tube about the first portion 32.
• a portion of a balloon 30 may further be reinforced according to methods disclosed in US Patent Application No. 11/265388 to Noddin, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• the primary balloon 20 and the secondary balloon 30 have cooperatively arranged compliance curves, wherein the balloons 20, 30 assume various predetermined shapes at various predetermined pressures.
• the primary balloon 20 reaches its full expanded configuration at a first pressure and the secondary balloon 30 reaches its full expanded configuration at a second, higher pressure.
• the primary balloon 20 reaches its full expanded configuration at a first pressure and the secondary balloon 30 reaches a first expanded shape 50 at a second, higher pressure.
• the secondary balloon 30 Upon further inflation, the secondary balloon 30 will expand to a second expanded shape 52 at a third, even higher pressure.
• Figure 5 shows a sectional view of another embodiment of a secondary balloon 30, wherein the central axis 11 is oriented at a non-perpendicular angle 35 to the secondary shaft 26.
• Various non-perpendicular embodiments have an angle 35 of any suitable amount, for example ranging from less than 20 degrees to just under 90 degrees.
• the length of a sidewall 33 of the first portion 32 is longer on a first side 40 than the length of an opposed sidewall of the first portion 32 on the second side 42.
• non-perpendicular embodiments can be oriented in any suitable direction, for example being slanted toward the distal end of the catheter, being slanted away from the distal end of the catheter, or being slanted in a non-axial direction of the catheter, such as being slanted in a direction that is circumferential with respect to the catheter.
• the non-perpendicular angle 35 is well suited for vessel bifurcations where an angle between a main branch vessel and a side branch vessel is less than 90 degrees. Desirably, the angle 35 may be selected to match an angle between the main branch vessel and the side branch vessel.
• the non-perpendicular angle 35 is also suitable for high stent petal 23 rotation angles 25 (see Figure 3). Some embodiments are suitable for deploying petals 23 at rotation angles 25 of 170 degrees or more.
• Figure 6 shows a sectional view of another embodiment of a secondary balloon 30, wherein the central axis 11 of the first portion 32 and the second portion 34 is oriented at a non-perpendicular angle 35 to the secondary shaft 26.
• the balloon 30 comprises a base portion 36 having a central axis 11 that extends at an angle 37 to the central axis 11 of the first portion 32.
• the central axis 11 of the base portion 36 extends perpendicular to the secondary shaft 26.
• Figure 7 shows a sectional view of another embodiment of a secondary balloon 30, wherein the second portion 34 comprises an asymmetrical shape.
• the first side 40 of the second portion 34 comprises an extension of the sidewall 33 of the first portion 32 that extends substantially parallel to the sidewall 33 of the first portion 32.
• the second side 42 of the second portion 34 comprises an outwardly extending portion 44 that overhangs the first portion 32.
• first and second portions 32, 34 assume a tubular, substantially symmetrical shape at a first inflation pressure, and the second portion 34 will further expand to the asymmetrical shape having the outwardly extending portion 44 at a second, higher pressure.
• any dependent claim which follows should be taken as alternatively written in a multiple dependent form from all prior claims which possess all antecedents referenced in such dependent claim if such multiple dependent format is an accepted format within the jurisdiction (e.g. each claim depending directly from claim 1 should be alternatively taken as depending from all previous claims).
• each claim depending directly from claim 1 should be alternatively taken as depending from all previous claims.
• the following dependent claims should each be also taken as alternatively written in each singly dependent claim format which creates a dependency from a prior antecedent-possessing claim other than the specific claim listed in such dependent claim below.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• 2006
  • 2006-08-23 US US11/508,692 patent/US8177829B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-08-14 CA CA002658428A patent/CA2658428A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-08-14 JP JP2009525559A patent/JP5220016B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-08-14 WO PCT/US2007/017889 patent/WO2008024220A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-08-14 EP EP07836754.7A patent/EP2056916B1/en not_active Not-in-force

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