WO2008019137A1 - Managing associations in ad hoc networks - Google Patents

Managing associations in ad hoc networks Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008019137A1
WO2008019137A1 PCT/US2007/017507 US2007017507W WO2008019137A1 WO 2008019137 A1 WO2008019137 A1 WO 2008019137A1 US 2007017507 W US2007017507 W US 2007017507W WO 2008019137 A1 WO2008019137 A1 WO 2008019137A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless device
packet
connection
connection request
request packet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2007/017507
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Abhishek Abhishek
Hui Shen
Jiandong Ruan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Microsoft Corp
Original Assignee
Microsoft Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microsoft Corp filed Critical Microsoft Corp
Priority to JP2009523815A priority Critical patent/JP5237947B2/ja
Priority to CA2656445A priority patent/CA2656445C/en
Priority to MX2009000587A priority patent/MX2009000587A/es
Priority to CN2007800286651A priority patent/CN101496351B/zh
Priority to EP07836559.0A priority patent/EP2047639B1/en
Priority to AU2007281909A priority patent/AU2007281909B2/en
Priority to BRPI0714118-1A priority patent/BRPI0714118A2/pt
Publication of WO2008019137A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008019137A1/en
Priority to NO20090015A priority patent/NO341060B1/no
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/005—Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

  • This invention relates to wireless networks and, more particularly, to ad hoc networks of wireless devices that are in proximity to each other.
  • one or more wireless devices are associated with a common wireless access point, which may be connected to a wired network. Communication between wireless devices is through the access point. Such operation is known as the infrastructure operating mode.
  • the IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless local area networks provides for an ad hoc operating mode in which wireless devices communicate directly with each other without the use of a wireless access point or a wired network.
  • LANs wireless local area networks
  • the wireless devices require a mechanism to associate with, or connect to, other wireless network devices in proximity. Such a mechanism should have low power consumption, should create limited radio interference and should have high throughput.
  • the present invention provides methods and apparatus to establish an association between wireless devices in an ad hoc network.
  • a first wireless device establishes an association with a second wireless device by sending a connection request packet to a previously-discovered second wireless device.
  • the second wireless device identifies the received packet as a connection request and responds with a connection response packet, thereby establishing an association between the first and second wireless devices.
  • the wireless devices can then, for example, send and receive data.
  • the invention also provides methods to terminate an association between wireless devices and methods to disconnect from an ad hoc network.
  • the invention further provides methods to handle a case where two wireless devices send connection requests to each other concurrently. In this case, the connection request of the wireless device having a larger network address is processed, and the connection request of the wireless device having a smaller network address is canceled. It will be understood that the criteria can be reversed so that the connection request of the wireless device with the smaller network address is processed and the connection request of the wireless device with the larger network address is canceled.
  • a method to operate a wireless device in an ad hoc network.
  • the method comprises: turning on a radio of a first wireless device in response to a connect call; sending a connection request packet from the first wireless device to a second wireless device; if a connection response packet is received by the first wireless device from the second wireless device within a timeout period, establishing a connection to the second wireless device; and if a connection response packet is not received by the first wireless device from the second wireless device within the timeout period, indicating a connection failure.
  • a method to operate a wireless device in an ad hoc network.
  • the method comprises: a first wireless device receiving a connection request packet from a second wireless device; if the connection request packet is identified by the first wireless device as a valid connection request, sending a connection response packet to the second wireless device and recording an established connection; and if the connection request packet is not identified by the first wireless device as a valid connection request, remaining in an existing state.
  • a wireless device comprises: a computing device; a radio; and a wireless module logically connected to the computing device and to the radio, the wireless module comprising a processor programmed with instructions for: turning on the radio in response to a connect call; sending a connection request packet to a second wireless device; if a connection response packet is received from the second wireless device within a timeout period, establishing a connection to the second wireless device; and if a connection response packet is not received from the second wireless device within the timeout period, indicating a connection failure.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an ad hoc wireless network
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a wireless device suitable for forming an ad hoc wireless network
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of operations performed by a first wireless device to establish a connection to a second wireless device
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of operations performed by the second wireless device to establish a connection to the first wireless device
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of operations performed by a wireless device when concurrent connection requests are sent by two wireless devices
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of operations performed by a first wireless device to terminate a connection to a second wireless device.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of operations performed by the second wireless device to terminate the connection to the first wireless device.
  • Embodiments of the invention provide mechanisms for a wireless device to establish an association, or connection, with another wireless device in an ad hoc network. Further embodiments of the invention provide mechanisms to terminate an association between wireless devices and methods for a wireless device to disconnect from an ad hoc network.
  • the mechanisms involve software in the wireless devices.
  • the mechanisms can also be implemented in hardware and/or firmware of a wireless device. This allows wireless devices having these mechanisms to communicate and to form ad hoc wireless networks.
  • the communication between wireless devices in the ad hoc network has no effect on other wireless devices that do not support these mechanisms.
  • An example of a wireless ad hoc network 10 is shown in Fig. 1.
  • Wireless devices 12, 14 and 16 communicate with each other by a wireless links.
  • the wireless devices communicate using the mechanisms described below. It is assumed that each wireless device is within radio range of at least one other wireless device in the ad hoc network. It will be understood that all wireless devices in the ad hoc network do not need to be within radio range.
  • wireless devices 14 and 16 may be able to communicate directly with wireless device 12 but may not be able to communicate directly with each other.
  • wireless devices 12, 14 and 16 may be laptop computers, mobile phones, mobile data devices, portable media player devices, home stereos, wireless speakers, or combinations of such devices which utilize a compatible protocol as described below.
  • FIG. 2 A simplified block diagram of a wireless device 200 including components involved in communication in an ad hoc network is shown in Fig. 2.
  • Wireless device 200 may correspond to wireless devices 12, 14 and 16 shown in Fig. 1.
  • An upper layer device CPU 210 interfaces with peripheral components present in the wireless device, such as a display, a keypad or a keyboard, a pointing device, a storage unit such as a disk unit or a flash memory and any other peripheral components of the device.
  • Device CPU 210 includes a device operating system 212 and a wireless driver 214.
  • the wireless driver 214 communicates with a second layer wireless module CPU 220 containing wireless module software 222.
  • the wireless module software 222 interfaces with a lower layer wireless RF interface 230 which communicates with a radio that transmits and receives RF signals via an antenna.
  • the wireless device 200 may represent a variety of different devices that may be hand-held and mobile or stationary. Examples of wireless devices include, but are not limited to, laptop computers, desktop computers, mobile data devices, mobile phones, stereo systems, and wireless speakers.
  • each wireless device in establishing associations with other wireless devices is described below. Operation is described in connection with the IEEE 802.11 standard. However, the present invention is not limited to the 802.11 standard and can be utilized in connection with other wireless protocols, such as Ultra Wide Band and WiNet. It will be understood that the operations described below are embodiments only and are not limiting as to the scope of the invention.
  • each wireless device Prior to establishing associations as described below, each wireless device discovers other wireless devices in the ad hoc network. Preferred techniques for discovering wireless devices are described in the related applications referenced above. However, other discovery techniques may be utilized. After an association is established, data can be sent and received by the associated wireless devices.
  • FIG. 3 A flow chart of operations performed by a first wireless device to establish an association with a second wireless device in an ad hoc network is shown in FIG. 3.
  • a wireless device decides to establish an association with another device in an ad hoc network, it becomes an association requestor and does the following-'
  • Desired SSID (of the target ad hoc network to associate with),
  • Desired BSSID (of the target ad hoc network to associate with),
  • Mac address (of the target device to associate with).
  • the wireless module Upon receiving a connect call from the upper layer, the wireless module does the following:
  • step 304 which may contain the following information:
  • Receiver address target device's MAC address
  • BSSID BSSID of the ad hoc network
  • BSS type ad hoc
  • the wireless device can use, but is not limited to, a unicast probe request packet or an authentication packet to convey connection request information, provided that the packet format and content are agreed and understood by the wireless devices.
  • the wireless module After sending a connection request packet, the wireless module waits for a connection response packet, step 306.
  • the wireless device needs to identify that a connection response packet is used to establish an association in the ad hoc network. It can do so in different ways, provided the way is mutually agreed by the devices involved in the association process.
  • a connection response packet is used to establish an association in the ad hoc network. It can do so in different ways, provided the way is mutually agreed by the devices involved in the association process.
  • a Match a direct probe response packet with a special IE (information element) that specifies the intention of the connection response.
  • the packet can have the following information:
  • Packet type direct (unicast) probe response packet
  • Receiver address matches association request's MAC address
  • BSSID matches BSSID of the ad hoc network
  • BSS type ad hoc
  • a matched packet pattern may be:
  • Packet type direct (unicast) authentication packet
  • Receiver address matches association request's MAC address
  • BSSID matches BSSID of the ad hoc network
  • BSS type ad hoc
  • SSID matches SSID of the ad hoc network
  • Configuration and capability information such as supported data rates
  • the wireless module waits for such connection response packet, step 308, until a timeout value expires, step 312. This timeout value can have a default value and is configurable. If the connection response packet is received and the connection is successful, step 310, then the wireless module updates its internal state to be associated to the target wireless device. If this is the first device that it associates with, then the wireless module indicates a media connected event to the network stack.
  • the wireless module can optionally indicate that a new association has been established with the peer device by sending a notification such- as a port up event to the network stack.
  • step 308 If a connection response packet is not received, step 308, and the timeout expires, step 312, the connection is not successful, step 314, and the wireless module remains in its original state.
  • FIG. 4 A flow chart of operations performed by the second wireless device in responding to the connection request by the first wireless device is shown in FIG. 4.
  • a wireless device in an ad hoc network receives a unicast connection request packet from another wireless device (the association requestor), step 400, it becomes an association responder and does the following:
  • the wireless device can do so in various ways, provided the way is mutually agreed by the devices involved in the association process.
  • the wireless device can do so in various ways, provided the way is mutually agreed by the devices involved in the association process.
  • two examples are two examples:
  • Packet type direct (unicast) probe request packet
  • Receiver address matches association request's MAC address
  • BSSID matches BSSID of the ad hoc network
  • BSS type ad hoc
  • a connection request packet with a packet pattern that is agreed and understood by the wireless devices. Receiving this packet means an association request from association requestor.
  • a matched packet pattern could be:
  • Packet type direct (unicast) authentication request
  • BSSID matches BSSID of the ad hoc network
  • BSS type ad hoc
  • SSID matches SSID of the ad hoc network
  • Configuration and capability information such as supported data rates
  • step 406 The wireless module decides whether to accept the association, step 402, and sends out a connection response packet, step 406, which may contain the following information:
  • Receiver address association initiator's MAC address
  • BSSID BSSID of the ad hoc network
  • BSS type ad hoc
  • the wireless device can use, but is not limited to, a unicast probe response packet or an authentication packet to convey connection response information, provided that the packet format and content are agreed and understood by the wireless devices.
  • association responder If the association is accepted, the association responder does the following:
  • the wireless module indicates a media connected event to the network stack, step 408.
  • the wireless module can optionally indicate that a new joiner has established an association by sending a notification such as a port up event to the network stack.
  • step 402 Otherwise, the association is not accepted, step 402, and the association responder stays in its original state, step 404.
  • both wireless device When both wireless device are in the same ad hoc network and indicate media connected and/or port up to the network stack, a wireless connection is established.
  • the wireless devices can transmit and receive data packets to and from the peer devices.
  • FIG. 1 A flow chart of operations performed by a first wireless device when two wireless devices send connection requests to each other concurrently is shown in FIG.
  • step 500 After a device (A) sends out a connection request to another device (B), step 500, and device A receives a connection request from device B before it receives a connection response from the same device B within the timeout, step 502, device A does the following:
  • step 504 If the value of device B's MAC address is less than device A's MAC address, step 504, then device A ignores B's connection request, step 506.
  • step 504 If the value of device B's MAC address is larger than device A's MAC address, step 504, then device A replies to device B's connection request by sending a connection response, step 508. Meanwhile, device A also cancels its own state and operation for the connection request that device A sent to device B.
  • connection request of the wireless device with the smaller network address is processed and the connection request of the wireless device with the larger network address is canceled.
  • the wireless device may maintain a list of associated wireless devices internally and may monitor packets from the associated peer devices. If the wireless device does not receive any in-IBSS packets from an associated wireless device in the ad hoc network for certain amount of time, it may disassociate from this device.
  • a packet is deemed as in-IBSS if and only if it has a BSSID that matches the one used by the ad hoc network.
  • FIG. 6 A flow chart of operations performed by a wireless device to terminate an association with another wireless device is shown in FIG. 6.
  • a wireless device decides to terminate an association with another device in an ad hoc network, it does the following:
  • Desired SSID (of the target ad hoc network to disassociate with),
  • Desired BSSID (of the target ad hoc network to disassociate with),
  • Mac address (of the target device to disassociate with).
  • Disconnect to disassociate with a device in an ad hoc network with Mac address and the BSSID/SSID as configured above
  • the wireless module Upon receiving a disconnect call, or the wireless module decides to disassociate from another wireless device due to its aging function as described above, the wireless module does the following:
  • step 602 which may contain the following information:
  • Receiver address target device's MAC address
  • BSSID BSSID of the ad hoc network
  • BSS type ad hoc
  • the wireless device can use, but is not limited to, a unicast probe request packet or a de-authentication packet to convey the disconnection request information, provided that the packet format and content are agreed and understood by the wireless devices.
  • the wireless module can immediately remove the device from its associated device list, step 604.
  • the wireless device stops sending any data packets to the disassociated wireless device and drops received data packets from that device.
  • the wireless device indicates a media disconnected event to the network stack and deems itself leaving the ad hoc network.
  • the wireless device can optionally indicate that an association with the peer device has been removed by sending a notification such as a port down event to the network stack.
  • FIG. 7 A flow chart of operations performed by a wireless device in response to receiving a disconnection request is shown in FIG. 7. If a wireless device in an ad hoc network receives a unicast disconnection request packet from another wireless device, step 700, it does the following:
  • the wireless device needs to identify a disconnection request packet that is used for terminating an association in ad hoc network, step 702. It can do so in various ways, provided the way is mutually agreed and understood by the devices involved in the association process.
  • a disconnection request packet that is used for terminating an association in ad hoc network
  • the format of the special IE is understood by the wireless devices and can have the following information:
  • Packet type direct (unicast) probe request packet
  • Receiver address matches association request's MAC address
  • BSSID matches BSSID of the ad hoc network
  • BSS type ad hoc
  • a matched packet pattern may be:
  • Packet type direct (unicast) de-authentication request
  • Receiver address matches association responder's MAC address
  • BSSID matches BSSID of the ad hoc network
  • BSS type ad hoc
  • the wireless device After receiving a disconnection request packet, the wireless device does the following:
  • the wireless device can immediately remove the device from its associated device list, step 706.
  • the wireless device stops sending any data packets to the disassociated wireless device and drops received data packets from that device.
  • the wireless device indicates a media disconnected event to the network stack and deems itself leaving the ad hoc network.
  • the wireless device can optionally indicate that an association has been removed with the peer device by sending a notification such as a port down event to the network stack.
  • a wireless device decides to leave an ad hoc network, it does the following:
  • the wireless module After receiving a disconnect call from upper layer, the wireless module does the following to leave the ad hoc network:
  • the information element is a type-length- value object that used to carry variable length information.
  • the wireless device can optionally rely on the special information element to carry information for managing associations.
  • the special IE can either use a unique IE ID, or a customer IE ID (e.g., value 221 defined by IEEE 802.11 standard) with a unique OUI and OUI type combination to identify itself.
  • the special information element can contain the following information for managing the association:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
PCT/US2007/017507 2006-08-04 2007-08-06 Managing associations in ad hoc networks Ceased WO2008019137A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009523815A JP5237947B2 (ja) 2006-08-04 2007-08-06 アドホックネットワークの関連付けの管理
CA2656445A CA2656445C (en) 2006-08-04 2007-08-06 Managing associations in ad hoc networks
MX2009000587A MX2009000587A (es) 2006-08-04 2007-08-06 Manejo de asociaciones en redes ad hoc.
CN2007800286651A CN101496351B (zh) 2006-08-04 2007-08-06 管理自组织网络中的关联
EP07836559.0A EP2047639B1 (en) 2006-08-04 2007-08-06 Managing associations in ad hoc networks
AU2007281909A AU2007281909B2 (en) 2006-08-04 2007-08-06 Managing associations in ad hoc networks
BRPI0714118-1A BRPI0714118A2 (pt) 2006-08-04 2007-08-06 gerenciamento de associação em redes ad hoc
NO20090015A NO341060B1 (no) 2006-08-04 2009-01-05 Forvaltning av tilknytninger i ad-hoc-nettverk

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US83561406P 2006-08-04 2006-08-04
US60/835,614 2006-08-04
US11/541,351 US9596585B2 (en) 2006-08-04 2006-09-29 Managing associations in ad hoc networks
US11/541,351 2006-09-29

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WO2008019137A1 true WO2008019137A1 (en) 2008-02-14

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PCT/US2007/017507 Ceased WO2008019137A1 (en) 2006-08-04 2007-08-06 Managing associations in ad hoc networks

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US (1) US9596585B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP2047639B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP5237947B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR101470657B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN101496351B (enExample)
AU (1) AU2007281909B2 (enExample)
BR (1) BRPI0714118A2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2656445C (enExample)
MX (1) MX2009000587A (enExample)
NO (1) NO341060B1 (enExample)
RU (1) RU2456755C2 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2008019137A1 (enExample)

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