WO2008016714A2 - Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use - Google Patents
Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008016714A2 WO2008016714A2 PCT/US2007/017536 US2007017536W WO2008016714A2 WO 2008016714 A2 WO2008016714 A2 WO 2008016714A2 US 2007017536 W US2007017536 W US 2007017536W WO 2008016714 A2 WO2008016714 A2 WO 2008016714A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- electro
- optical device
- resonator
- mirror
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
- A61B18/203—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser applying laser energy to the outside of the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
- A61N5/0616—Skin treatment other than tanning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/107—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1103—Cavity dumping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1109—Active mode locking
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00743—Type of operation; Specification of treatment sites
- A61B2017/00747—Dermatology
- A61B2017/00769—Tattoo removal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00452—Skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00452—Skin
- A61B2018/0047—Upper parts of the skin, e.g. skin peeling or treatment of wrinkles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N5/067—Radiation therapy using light using laser light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/0327—Operation of the cell; Circuit arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1123—Q-switching
- H01S3/115—Q-switching using intracavity electro-optic devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to apparatuses and methods for delivering laser energy having a short pulse duration ⁇ e.g., less than about 1 nanosecond) and high energy output per pulse (e.g., greater than about 250 millijoules).
- the desired operating parameters are achieved through the application of a bias voltage, having a time- dependent value as described herein, to an electro-optical device such as a Pockels cell.
- the Pockels cell may be disposed in a single laser having a resonator that can be operated in two modes, depending on the bias voltage applied to the electro-optical device.
- laser energy suitable for a number of applications including treating and removing pigment particles such as those introduced to the human body as tattoos, may be generated using a relatively simple apparatus.
- Lasers are recognized as controllable sources of radiation that is relatively monochromatic and coherent (i.e., has little divergence). Laser energy is applied in an ever-increasing number of areas in diverse fields such as telecommunications, data storage and retrieval, entertainment, research, and many others. In the area of medicine, lasers have proven useful in surgical and cosmetic procedures where a precise beam of high energy radiation causes localized heating and ultimately the destruction of unwanted tissues. Such tissues include, for example, subretinal scar tissue that forms in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or the constituents of ectatic blood vessels that constitute vascular lesions.
- AMD age-related macular degeneration
- the principle of selective photothermolysis underlies many conventional medical laser therapies to treat diverse dermatological problems such as leg veins, portwine stain birthmarks, and other ectatic vascular and pigmented lesions.
- the dermal and epidermal layers containing the targeted structures are exposed to laser energy having a wavelength that is preferentially or selectively absorbed in these structures. This leads to localized heating to a temperature (e.g., to about 70 0 C) that denatures constituent proteins or disperses pigment particles.
- the fluence, or energy per unit area, used to accomplish this denaturation or dispersion is generally based on the amount required to achieve the desired targeted tissue temperature, before a significant portion of the absorbed laser energy is lost to diffusion. The fluence must, however, be limited to avoid denaturing tissues surrounding the targeted area.
- Fluence is not the only consideration governing the suitability of laser energy for particular applications.
- the pulse duration and pulse intensity can impact the degree to which laser energy diffuses into surrounding tissues during the pulse and/or causes undesired, localized vaporization.
- conventional approaches have focused on maintaining this value below the thermal relaxation time of the targeted structures, in order to achieve optimum heating.
- thermal relaxation times and hence the corresponding pulse durations of the treating radiation are often on the order of hundreds of microseconds to several milliseconds.
- the gain or lasing medium, two polarizers, a Pockels cell, an acousto-optical device, and two mirrors are included along the optical pathway of the first resonator.
- the lasing medium, polarizers, electro-optical device, and an additional mirror are included along the optical pathway of the second resonator.
- this apparatus is less complex than multiple laser systems, it nevertheless requires a large number of optical components (e.g., seven or more).
- the voltages applied and switched at the Pockels cell are equal to the halfwave bias voltage of the Pockels cell, typically in excess of 5,000 volts. These voltages must be switched in less than a few nanoseconds, placing a significant demand on the switching electronics.
- the present invention is associated with the discovery of methods and apparatuses described herein for delivering pulsed laser energy with pulse characteristics suitable for a number of practical applications.
- pulse characteristics include a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally-occurring ⁇ e.g., birthmarks), as well as artificial (e.g., tattoos).
- pulsed laser energy having the desired characteristics may be generated, according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, with an apparatus having a single resonator and lasing (or gain) medium, together with an electro-optical device to effect switching between two different operating modes of the single resonator.
- apparatuses may be further simplified in that, in a first operating mode, a modelocked pulse is established in the resonator, without the use of an additional modelocking device such as an acousto-optic modulator. Moreover, the need to adjust resonator length, associated with the use of some acousto-optical devices, is eliminated.
- the overall component and operating requirements of apparatuses according to embodiments of the present invention are therefore considerably simplified. For example, in some cases only four optical components may be required, as is common in many Q-Switched laser systems.
- an electro-optical device e.g., a Pockels cell
- a time-dependent bias voltage having a periodic waveform with an amplitude to effect a first operating mode.
- the periodic waveform has a period substantially equal to the round trip time of laser energy oscillating in the resonator, which results in the generation of a modelocked pulse.
- aspects of the present invention include the electronics necessary to generate the time-dependent bias voltage described above, as well as optionally a baseline operating voltage and voltages for (A) implementing a second operating mode of the resonator which amplifies laser energy oscillating in the resonator and (B) thereafter extracting the amplified laser pulse, having the desired pulse duration and pulse energy characteristics.
- the present invention is a method for generating pulsed laser energy.
- the method comprises reflecting laser energy between two substantially totally reflective mirrors disposed at opposite ends of a resonator and through a polarizer and an electro-optical device within the resonator and positioned along the optical path (or longitudinal axis) of the resonator.
- a lasing (or gain) medium for example a flashlamp pumped laser rod, is also positioned along the optical axis.
- the method further comprises applying to the electro-optical device a time-dependent bias voltage, V(t), equal to the sum of a baseline voltage, V 0 , and a time-dependent differential voltage, ⁇ V(t).
- This time-dependent differential voltage varies periodically with a period substantially equal to twice the time required (i.e., the round trip time) for the laser energy to traverse the length of the resonator, allowing for operation in some cases without the need to make adjustments to the resonator length.
- the method may also involve setting or adjusting the amplitude of the time dependent differential voltage and/or pumping the lasing medium (e.g., using optical pumping means such as a flashlamp) under conditions sufficient to establish a modelocked pulse in the resonator. This provides a first mode of operation in the resonator.
- the modelocked pulse is amplified.
- a first (constant) bias voltage may be applied to the electro-optical device such that a pulse reflected at this second mirror traverses the polarizer substantially without loss of intensity or amplitude.
- a second (constant) bias voltage may thereafter be applied to the electro-optical device such that the polarizer substantially expels a pulse reflected at the second mirror from the resonator. This releases the pulsed laser energy having the desired characteristics described herein.
- the first bias voltage may be substantially 0 and the second bias voltage may be substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device.
- the baseline voltage, V 0 is generally from about 30% to about 70%, and often from about 40% to about 60%, of the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device.
- the time-dependent differential voltage, ⁇ V(t) has an amplitude generally from about 5% to about 35%, and often from about 10% to about 30%, of the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device (e.g., Pockels cell).
- these voltages are one half or less than the halfwave voltage (required in known methods) and therefore result in a significant reduction in the switching electronics requirements.
- the pulsed laser energy generated according to methods of the present invention may have at least about 100 mj/pulse, and often will have from about 200 to about 800 mj/pulse, as required for applications described herein, such as the removal or dispersion of pigment particles as often used to form tattoos.
- the pulsed laser energy generally has a pulse duration of at most about 500 picoseconds (ps), typically at most about 300 ps, and often at most about 150 ps.
- ps picoseconds
- any of the methods described above may be performed without the need to adjust resonator length.
- a representative apparatus comprises a resonator having first and second mirrors, each of which is substantially totally reflective, disposed at opposite ends of the resonator.
- the apparatus also includes a lasing material (e.g., a solid state lasing medium), an electro-optical device (e.g., a Pockels cell), and a polarizer, all of which are positioned along the optical axis of the resonator.
- the electro-optical device is positioned on this axis between the polarizer and the (arbitrarily denoted) "second" mirror.
- the bias voltage of the electro-optical device may be modified such that two operating modes, pulse modelocking and pulse amplification, are carried out sequentially, as described above, in a single resonator. Therefore, apparatuses according to some embodiments of the invention do not include a modelocking device such as an acousto-optic modulator. In other embodiments, the apparatuses may include a resonator, and often include a single resonator only, which is configured to generate laser radiation with the desirable pulse duration and energy characteristics as discussed herein. The resonator may be included in the apparatus, for example, in the absence of any other components that would materially affect its basic and novel characteristics.
- An additional aspect of the present invention involves the use of voltage waveform generating electronics for applying the necessary voltage during operation to the electro-optical device, in order to invoke the separate and normally sequential operating modes of the apparatus, as described above.
- these waveform generating electronics apply a time-dependent bias voltage, V(t), equal to the sum of a baseline voltage, V 0 , and a time-dependent differential voltage, ⁇ V(t).
- the time-dependent differential voltage varies periodically with a period substantially equal to the round trip time required for the laser energy in the resonator.
- the voltage waveform electronics may be used for initially applying the baseline voltage, V 0 , to the electro-optical device, prior to applying the time-dependent differential voltage, ⁇ V(t), which establishes a first, modelocked operating mode, as discussed above. Subsequently, the voltage waveform electronics can apply a first (constant) bias voltage ⁇ e.g., zero voltage or complete discharge of the electro-optical device), such that a reflected pulse at the second mirror traverses the polarizer substantially without loss of intensity.
- a first bias voltage ⁇ e.g., zero voltage or complete discharge of the electro-optical device
- the lasing or gain medium amplifies the laser energy within the resonator, in a second, amplification operating mode, prior to its extraction or release from the apparatus as laser energy having the desirable pulse characteristics, including the short pulse duration and high pulse energy discussed above.
- This generation of such laser energy is ultimately effected by applying a second bias voltage ⁇ e.g., the quarter wave voltage) to the electro-optical device, such that a pulse reflected at the second mirror is substantially expelled from the resonator at the polarizer.
- a second bias voltage ⁇ e.g., the quarter wave voltage
- suitable voltage waveform generating electronics may include a plurality of switches (e.g., MOSFET switching transistors) that are capable of modulating the voltage applied to the electro-optical device in a time frame on the order of 10 nanoseconds.
- switches e.g., MOSFET switching transistors
- charging resistors, coupling circuits, energy storage capacitors, and voltage sources are included in the electronic circuit along with the switches.
- the switches can be operated in a manner to establish a baseline baseline voltage, V 0 (e.g., from approximately 30% to approximately 70% of the quarter wave voltage),to the electro-optical device.
- One switch can then be alternately closed and opened resulting in a periodic time-dependent differential voltage ⁇ V(t) across the electro-optical device (e.g., having a magnitude from approximately 5% to approximately 35% of the quarter wave voltage), such that the total bias voltage, V(t), applied to the electro- optical device is V 0 + ⁇ V(t).
- the switches can then be opened such that V 0 is applied across the electro-optical device.
- One switch can then be closed to apply V 0 + ⁇ V(t) across the electro-optical device (400).
- the switch is periodically opened and closed with a period substantially equal to the round trip time of the laser energy, in order to establish the first modelocked pulse operating mode.
- the electro-optical device may be discharged by closing switches, thereby changing the value of the effective reflectivity, R ⁇ ff , of the second mirror to substantially 100%.
- This applied voltage in turn changes the value of R ef rto substantially 0%.
- the present invention is a method for treating a skin pigmentation, such as a tattoo, a portwine stain, or a birthmark.
- the method comprises exposing pigmented skin of a patient to pulsed laser energy with pulses having a duration of at most about 500 ps and an energy of at least about 100 mj.
- the pulsed laser energy is generated according to any of the methods, or using any of the apparatuses, discussed above.
- the present invention is a method for removing a tattoo comprising tattoo pigment particles, which may, for example, have a diameter from about 1 to about 10 microns.
- the method comprises exposing the tattoo pigment particles to pulsed laser energy with pulses having a duration below about twice the acoustic transit time across the tattoo pigment particles.
- This pulsed laser energy may have pulses with a duration and energy as described above, and/or may be generated according to any of the methods, or using any of the apparatuses, discussed above.
- FIG. 1 is a graphical representation showing the relationship between the relative peak pressure within a particle targeted for photomechanical disruption, as a function of pulse duration, measured as a multiple of the acoustic transit time across the particle.
- FIG. 2 depicts a representation of a laser emitting apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a graphical representation of the effective reflectivity over time of the combined mirror, electro-optical device, and polarizer in FIG. 2, with the time- dependent voltage applied to the electro-optical device as shown in FIG. 3 A.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3 A.
- This figure depicts an alternate method for developing the time-dependent voltage wherein parallel switches (Sw_Bl and Sw_B2) are interleaved such that each switch alternately fires to increase maximum frequency capability.
- This figure also includes an alternate method of applying a differential quarter wave voltage to the electro- optical device for pulse extraction.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A.
- the differential quarter wave voltage is applied to the electro- optical device by switch 360 and voltage source 300, via coupling circuits (310-340) for pulse extraction.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3 A.
- the differential quarter wave voltage is applied to the electro- optical device by 2 independent voltage sources, the differential voltage between which should be substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optic device.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A.
- the time-dependent voltage is developed by interleaved operation of 2 parallel switches (Sw_Bl and Sw_JB2) such that each switch operates at 1 A of the desired modulation frequency.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A.
- This circuit uses a transformer to provide voltage level shifting such that lower voltage rated but faster switching MOSFET's can be used. Additionally, this circuit also applies a quarter wave voltage to the electro-optic device by means of voltage source V3, and switch M4.
- FIG. 2 The features of the apparatus referred to in the above FIG. 2 are not necessarily drawn to scale and should be understood to present an illustration of the invention and/or principles involved. Some features depicted in the figures have been enlarged or distorted relative to others, in order to facilitate explanation and understanding. The same reference numbers are used in the figures for similar or identical components or features shown in the various embodiments. Laser devices, as disclosed herein, will have configurations, components, and operating parameters determined, in part, by the intended application and also the environment in which they are used.
- aspects of the present invention are associated with the ability of laser pulses having a duration of several hundred picoseconds to cause the photomechanical disruption, through the use of sound (or pressure) waves, of tattoo pigment particles and other components of pigmented lesions.
- Mechanical disruption of the pigment particles facilitates removal of the pigment particles by the body's natural removal processes such as those associated with the immune system.
- These pulse durations are of the same order as the acoustic transit time across particles having a diameter from about 1 to about 10 microns, which are otherwise sufficiently large to remain stable in skin tissue (e.g., without being cleared by normal immune system responses).
- FIG. I 5 shows the non-linear response of peak pressure in a target, as laser pulse duration is reduced.
- the units of pulse duration, along the x- axis, are normalized to a multiple of the acoustic transit time across a targeted particle, such as a tattoo pigment particle.
- the acoustic transit time refers to the time required for a sound wave to traverse this target particle.
- the photomechanical stress on the target rapidly increases when the irradiating pulse duration decreases to less than about two transit times.
- FIG. 1 therefore illustrates the importance of the ability to operate in the picosecond pulse duration range, in designing a photomechanical treatment or removal protocol for tattoos and other pigmented skin lesions.
- laser pulses having durations of greater than about five times the acoustic transit time induce relatively insignificant peak pressure on the target particle and are therefore relatively ineffective in disrupting small pigmentation particles via the photomechanical mechanism.
- Effective apparatuses and methods according to embodiments of the present invention are therefore advantageously capable of delivering laser energy having a pulse duration generally less than about 1 nanosecond, typically less than about 500 picoseconds (ps), and often less than about 250 ps.
- Common pulse duration values according to some embodiments are in the range from about 100 to about 300 ps. The above values generally represent less than several (e.g., from about one to about three) acoustic transit times for pigmentation particles having a diameter in the range from about 1 to about 10 microns.
- fluences required to achieve significant disruption of pigment particles are generally in the range from about 1 to about 10 j/cm 2 .
- the required laser output is preferably at least about 100 mj per pulse, and often in the range from about 200 to about 800 mj per pulse.
- FIG. 2 depicts a representative embodiment of an apparatus 10 according to the present invention, which is capable of achieving the above pulse duration and energy output parameters, suitable for the effective treatment of pigmented lesions through photomechanical means.
- the apparatus includes a resonator (or laser cavity) capable of generating laser energy having the desirable pulse duration and energy per pulse, as described herein.
- the resonator has a characteristic longitudinal or optical axis 22 (i.e., the longitudinal flow path for radiation in the resonator), as indicated by the dashed line.
- an electro-optical device in this case a Pockels cell 20, and a polarizer 18 (e.g., a thin- film polarizer).
- the laser pulse output will be obtained along output path 23.
- a first mirror 12 and a second mirror 14 having substantially complete reflectivity. This term, and equivalent terms such as “substantially totally reflective” are used to indicate that the mirrors 12 and 14 completely reflect incident laser radiation of the type normally present during operation of the resonator, or reflect at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, and more preferably at least 99% of incident radiation.
- the mirror reflectivity is to be distinguished from the term "effective reflectivity,” which is not a property of the mirror itself but instead refers to the effective behavior of the combination of second mirror 14, Pockels cell 20, and polarizer 18 that is induced by the particular operation of the Pockels cell 20, as discussed in detail below.
- a laser pulse traveling from lasing or gain medium 16 towards second mirror 14 will first pass through polarizer 18, then Pockels cell 20, reflect at second mirror 14, traverse Pockels cell 20 a second time, and finally pass through polarizer 18 a second time before returning to gain medium 16.
- some portion (or rejected fraction) of the energy in the pulse will be rejected at polarizer 18 and exit the resonator along output path 23.
- the remaining portion (or non-rejected fraction) of the energy (from 0% to 100% of the energy in the initial laser pulse) that returns to the medium 16 is the "effective reflectivity" of second mirror 14.
- an "effective reflectivity of substantially 100%” refers to a mirror that acts as a substantially totally reflective mirror as defined above.
- a lasing or gain medium 16 which may be pumped by any conventional pumping device (not shown) such as an optical pumping device (e.g., a flashlamp) or possibly an electrical or injection pumping device.
- a solid state lasing medium and optical pumping device are preferred for use in the present invention.
- Representative solid state lasers operate with an alexandrite or a titanium doped sapphire (TIS) crystal.
- Alternative solid lasing media include a yttrium-aluminum garnet crystal, doped with neodymium (Nd:YAG laser).
- neodymium may be used as a dopant of pervoskite crystal (NdrYAP or Nd:YAl ⁇ 3 laser) or a yttrium-lithium-fluoride crystal (Nd:YAF laser).
- Other rare earth and transition metal ion dopants e.g., erbium, chromium, and titanium
- other crystal and glass media hosts e.g., vanadite crystals such as YVO4, fluoride glasses such as ZBLN, silica glasses, and other minerals such as ruby
- lasing media e.g., vanadite crystals such as YVO4, fluoride glasses such as ZBLN, silica glasses, and other minerals such as ruby
- the above mentioned types of lasers generally emit radiation, in predominant operating modes, having wavelengths in the visible to infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- Nd Nd: YAG laser
- population inversion of Nd +3 ions in the YAG crystal causes the emission of a radiation beam at 1064 nm as well as a number of other near infrared wavelengths.
- a low power beam of visible laser light it is also possible to use, in addition to the treating radiation, a low power beam of visible laser light as a guide or alignment tool.
- Alternative types of lasers include those containing gas, dye, or other lasing media.
- Semiconductor or diode lasers also represent possible sources of laser energy, available in varying wavelengths. In cases where a particular type of laser emits radiation at both desired and undesired wavelengths, the use of filters, reflectors, and/or other optical components can aid in targeting a pigmented lesion component with only the desired type of radiation.
- aspects of the invention also relate to the manner in which the relatively simple apparatus 10, depicted in FIG. 2, is operated to generate laser energy with the desirable pulse duration and energy output requirements discussed above.
- laser energy from the lasing medium 16 is reflected between the first mirror 12 and second mirror 14 at opposite ends of the optical axis 22 of the resonator.
- Laser energy emanating from the lasing medium 16 therefore traverses the thin film polarizer 18 and Pockels cell 20 before being reflected by the substantially totally reflective second mirror 14, back through the Pockels cell 20 and polarizer 18.
- TIS materials, alexandrite, and other crystals such as Nd: YVO 4 exhibit a large stimulated emission cross-section selectively for radiation having an electric field vector that is aligned with a crystal axis. Radiation emitted from such lasing materials is therefore initially linearly polarized, requiring that the polarizer 18 be configured for transmission of essentially all incident radiation by proper alignment with respect to the electric field vector.
- the application of a bias voltage to the Pockels cell 20 can cause elliptical polarization of the exiting radiation, such that the radiation field of the pulse reflected in the second mirror 14 and arriving again at the polarizer 18 will in this case consist of two components with orthogonal electric field vectors being out of phase by some angle.
- the net effect of the combined components is that of a variable reflectivity mirror.
- the effective reflectivity, R ⁇ ,of the second mirror 14 (Le., the Pockels cell 20 being positioned between that mirror 14 and the polarizer 18), is given by equation (1):
- V ⁇ / 4 is the quarter wave voltage of the Pockels cell 20.
- the quarter wave voltage refers to the voltage required across the Pockels cell to split the incident radiation into two components having equal intensities and retard the polarization electrical field vector of one component by one-quarter of a wavelength relative to the other component.
- the quarter wave voltage can actually induce a number of possible changes in incident radiation polarization, depending on the particular optical configuration of the apparatus.
- the use of quarter wave retardation plate positioned between Pockels cell 20 and the second mirror 14 would introduce a double pass polarization axis rotation of 90°, without any applied voltage to the Pockels cell.
- the effective reflectivity, R 4 - ⁇ , of the second mirror 14 in this case would be governed by the expression
- Rcff COS 2 [ y (V+V X, 4 )/V W4 ], where a Pockels cell voltage of 0 would achieve an effective reflectivity of 0%. Application of the quarter wave voltage to the Pockels cell would then introduce an additional 90° of rotation, such that the overall effect would be that of no change in polarization.
- the effective reflectivity, Refr in this case would be substantially 100%, meaning that the second mirror 14 would act as a substantially totally reflective mirror.
- Nd: YAG media are non-polarizing.
- polarizer 18 may establish a given polarization of radiation incident to Pockels cell 20.
- the time-dependent voltage is equal to the sum of a baseline voltage, V 0 , and a time-dependent differential or offsetting voltage, ⁇ V(t), that varies periodically with a period substantially equal to the round trip time, or twice the time required for the oscillating laser energy to traverse the length of the resonator.
- the term "substantially equal” in this case refers to deviations between the period of the applied voltage waveform and the round trip time of generally less than about 100 parts per million (ppm), often less than 10 ppm, and preferably less than about 1 ppm.
- modelocked oscillation may be obtained without the requirement for an additional modelocking device (or modelocker), such as an acousto-optic modulator, and consequently without the need to adjust resonator length to match a particular resonance frequency.
- the combination of components, together with the applied voltage waveform discussed • above, can function essentially identically to a modelocker.
- the effective reflectivity, R cff of the second mirror 14, is modulated, by modulating the voltage applied to the Pockels cell 20, with a desired frequency (corresponding to a period substantially equal to the round trip time of the oscillating laser energy).
- the modulated reflectivity over time R(t) is obtained by substituting V 0 + ⁇ V(t) from equation (2) into the expression for Re f f in equation (1) and expanding to obtain
- R(t) R 0 - 2cos( ⁇ Vo ⁇ ⁇ /4)sin( ⁇ Vo ⁇ ⁇ /4)( ⁇ V(t)/V ⁇ y 4 ) +
- ⁇ V(t) the time-dependent differential voltage
- ⁇ V(t) has an amplitude generally from about 5% to about 35%, and typically from about 10% to about 30%, of the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device (e.g., the Pockels cell 20).
- Operation under these parameters, in a first modelocked pulse mode of operation can therefore mimic the operation of a resonator having an 80% reflecting mirror at one end and also containing a modelocking device such as an acousto-optic device. Modelocking in either case requires a pumping system or device such as a flashlamp (not shown) operating with a sufficient pump rate to the lasing medium 16 to establish the modelocked pulse in the resonator.
- a second (amplification) mode of operation subsequent to modelocking, the modelocked pulse generated as described above is amplified.
- Amplification is achieved by applying a constant (first) bias voltage to the Pockels cell 20 such that the second mirror 14 has an effective reflectivity of substantially 100%.
- the modelocked pulse oscillates between two substantially totally reflective mirrors 12 and 14.
- a first bias voltage of substantially 0 volts or substantially complete discharge of the Pockels cell
- the laser energy can rapidly increase in amplitude by extracting energy that was previously pumped and stored in the lasing medium 16 during modelocking.
- FIG. 3A provides a representation of voltage applied, as a function of time, to an electro-optical device such as a Pockels cell in a laser apparatus, to achieve the operating modes described above.
- the pump rate to the gain or lasing medium may be set or adjusted to exceed the threshold for laser oscillation, when R ef r (the effective reflectivity of the second mirror) is at or near its highest value.
- R ef r the effective reflectivity of the second mirror
- the laser energy When the laser energy has reached a desired amplitude, it may then be released as pulsed energy having the pulse duration and energy output as described herein. This release is effected by applying a bias voltage at a later time t 2 such that IW is reduced to substantially 0%. According to the embodiment of FIG. 3A 3 the applied bias voltage at this time is substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device.
- Amplification and release (or extraction) of laser energy through the application of first and second (constant) bias voltages, as described above, may also be carried out by applying bias voltages such that IW beginning at tj is less than 100%. In the amplification mode of operation, however, FW is generally greater than 80%, typically greater than about 90%, and often greater than about 95%. Likewise, laser energy may also be released at . 2 using an IW of greater than 0%. For example, a second bias voltage may be applied at t 2 such that IW is generally less than 20%, typically less than 10%, and often less than 5%.
- the important consideration is that the device is operated such that IW is at a relatively high value at ti and then decreased to a relatively low value at t 2 , thereby allowing the device to amplify an oscillating laser pulse and thereafter release the amplified laser energy.
- the voltage required to obtain an R cff value of substantially 100% at ti is substantially 0 volts.
- the term "substantially 0 volts" indicates that the electro-optical device may be completely discharged to 0 volts or that the applied voltage will generally be less than 10%, typically less than 5%, and often less than 1%, of the quarter wave voltage of the device.
- the voltage required to obtain an IW value of substantially 0% is substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage.
- the term "substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage” indicates an applied bias voltage to the electro-optical device of its quarter wave voltage or preferably at least 80%, typically at least 90%, and often at least 95% of its quarter wave voltage.
- the full range of effective reflectivity values, from 0% to 100% may be obtained with the application of relatively modest bias voltages in the range from 0 volts to the quarter wave voltage, according to the methods described herein.
- FIG. 3B shows, according to one embodiment of the invention, the effective reflectivity over time corresponding to the time-dependent bias voltage waveform applied to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A.
- the effective reflectivity is periodically and positively offset, from a 50% operating value, to a peak value of 80%.
- the period of the applied voltage waveform matches that of the effective reflectivity waveform, which is the round trip time, or twice the time required for the laser energy to traverse the length of the resonator.
- time ti at the beginning of the amplification operating mode
- R eff is 100%.
- R cf r changes to 0% to release the amplified energy.
- the system or electronics for generating these waveforms represents another aspect of the present invention, as the electronics require not only a peak voltage of V ⁇ /4 , but also must be capable of a modulation frequency of generally at least about 50 MHz, typically at least about 100 MHz (based on a pulse oscillation time on the order of about 10 nanoseconds), and often at least about 200 MHz. Values of the modulation frequency may therefore be within the representative ranges of from about 50 to about 200 MHz or from about 75 to about 150 MHz. In addition, the switching rise time of the modulation may be approximately 1 nanosecond.
- FIG. 5 depicts one possible type of waveform generating electronics for producing the bias voltage and R ⁇ R - waveforms shown in FIG. 3 A and FIG.
- the configuration comprises three switches 130, 230, 360, meeting the requirements set forth above.
- insulated-gate, field-effect transistor switches are employed, such as co-planar metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switches.
- Switch 360 consists of a number of MOSFET' s arranged in series to increase voltage withstand.
- Two charging resistors 120, 220, two coupling circuits 310, 320, 325 and 330, 340, 345, and three voltage sources 100, 200, 300, are also included, as shown in FIG. 5.
- the circuit including switch 360 and voltage source 300 can be configured with or without coupling circuits 310 or 330.
- a Pockels cell 400 is also included in the embodiment of FIG. 5 , to which the electronic components apply a time-dependent voltage waveform, such as that depicted in FIG. 3A.
- the Pockels cell 400 acts as a capacitor, with a typical capacitance of about 10 picofarads (pF).
- the waveform generating electronics in the embodiment of FIG. 5 are used for a first mode of operation at a baseline voltage V 0 of 0.5Vy 4 .
- the baseline voltage is modulated or offset periodically by the time-dependent differential voltage ⁇ V(t) discussed above and having a magnitude of 0.2V ⁇ /4 in the particular waveform shown in FIG. 3 A.
- the waveform generating electronics can be used to discharge the Pockels cell (i.e., apply a constant voltage of 0 volts). Thereafter, a voltage equal to the quarter wave voltage, V ⁇ /4 , of the Pockels cell 20 can be applied.
- the resulting differential voltage across the electro-optical device 400 establishes the baseline voltage, V 0 (e.g. , from approximately 30% to approximately 70% of the quarter wave voltage), to the electro-optical device.
- Switch 130 is then alternately closed and opened resulting in a periodic time-dependent differential voltage ⁇ V(t) across the electro-optical device 400 (e.g., having a magnitude from approximately 5% to approximately 35% of the quarter wave voltage), such that the total bias voltage, V(t), applied to the electro-optical device is V 0 + ⁇ V(t).
- the initial bias voltage V 0 may be applied from adjustable voltage sources 100 and 200, via charging resistors 120, 220 to the Pockels cell 400 by opening switches 130,230,360.
- Switches 230 and 360 are maintained open while switch 130 is periodically closed and opened at the frequency required to modulate the bias voltage (e.g., with a period substantially equal to the round trip time of laser energy in the resonator).
- closing switch 130 while switch 230 is open modulates the baseline voltage with the time-dependent differential voltage, ⁇ V(t), having a magnitude of offset determined by the voltage from source 100, as shown in FIG. 5.
- This arrangement discharges the Pockels cell (400) from V 0 to V 0 + ⁇ V(t) through switches 130, capacitor 210 and charging resistor 220.
- the total bias voltage, V(t), applied to the Pockels cell 400 is therefore V 0 + ⁇ V(t) during the first mode of operation.
- a second, amplification mode of operation is established upon closing switches 130 and 230 thereby changing the value of the effective reflectivity, R ⁇ ff , of the second mirror to substantially 100%.
- Extraction or release of the desired laser energy from the apparatus may be achieved upon opening switches 130 and 230 and then momentarily closing switch 360 thereby applying voltage source 300 to the electro-optical device 400, via coupling circuits 310 and 320, the resulting voltage differential across the electro-optical device 400, being substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of the device.
- This applied voltage in turn changes the value of Ren" to substantially 0%.
- This arrangement discharges the Pockels cell 400 through switches 130 and 230.
- switches 130 and 230 are opened and charging resistors 120 and 220 begin to drive the Pockels cell voltage towards V 0 .
- switch 360 is closed thereby applying voltage source 300 to the Pockels cell 400 via coupling circuits 310, 320, 325 and 330, 340, 345.
- Voltage source 300 is adjusted to approximately +2300V, Vy 4 or quarter wave voltage, such that when switch 360 is closed a short duration voltage pulse is applied, via coupling circuits 310 and 330, differentially to the Pockels cell 40 as needed to extract the amplified pulse.
- the Pockels cell capacitance is small, the switching currents reach several amperes as a result of the very fast switching times required. Stray inductance and/or capacitance may impact circuit performance, such that small, tight packaging is desirable.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A.
- the differential quarter wave voltage is applied to the electro- optical device by 2 independent voltage sources, the differential voltage between which should be substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optic device.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A.
- the time-dependent voltage is developed by interleaved operation of 2 parallel switches (Sw_Bl and Sw_B2) such that each switch operates at 1 A of the desired modulation frequency.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A.
- This circuit uses a transformer to provide voltage level shifting such that lower voltage rated but faster switching MOSFET' s can be used. Additionally, this circuit also applies a quarter wave voltage to the electro-optic device by means of voltage source V3, and switch M4.
- a method of driving the Pockels cell is provided using a plurality of switches and a high frequency transformer with switching frequency capabilities in the 100 MHz range with a step up ratio of about 1 :10 with an isolation voltage of about 3000V.
- a method is provided of closing switches Ml, M2, and M4 to generate 30% of the quarter wave voltage to the electro-optical device, while periodically opening and closing switch M2 to change the voltage on said electro-optical device to 50% of the quarter wave voltage.
- the operating frequency will be substantially equal to twice the time required for the laser energy to traverse the length of the resonator.
- the switching pattern of switches Ml, M2, M3 and M4 applies a time dependant differential voltage as depicted in figure 3A, such that the bias voltage, V(t), applied to said electro-optical device is equal to Vo + sigma V(t). Opening switches Ml, M2 and M4 discharges the electro-optical device to ⁇ 5% of the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device and closing switches Ml, M3 and M4 applies the quarter wave voltage to the electro-optical device.
- a method for driving the Pockels cell is provided with reference to Figure 4 using a plurality of switches A, Bl, B2, C and D.
- switches A, C and D are opened to generate 50% of the quarter wave voltage to the electro-optical device, while periodically alternating the opening and closing of switch Bl to change the voltage on the electro-optical device to 50% of the quarter wave voltage.
- the operating frequency will be substantially equal to twice the time required for the laser energy to traverse the length of the resonator.
- the switching pattern of A, Bl, B2, C and D applies a time dependant differential voltage as depicted in figure 3A, such that the bias voltage, V(t), applied to said electro-optical device is equal to Vo + sigma V(t). Opening switches A and D and closing switches Bl, B2 and C discharges the electro-optical device to ⁇ 5% of the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device and opening switches Bl, B2 and C and closing switches A and D applies the full quarter wave voltage to said electro-optical device. [76] According to an alternate embodiment, switches A and D can be eliminated and resistors Rl and R2 can drive the Pockels cell to ⁇ 70% of the quarter wave voltage as depicted in Figures 6 and 7, with the on/off switching pattern described above.
- the method can employ one or more independently controlled, adjustable high voltage sources and low inductance single or multilayer printed circuit boards for interconnection of circuits.
- a high voltage pulse capacitor used as a DC energy source device can be used for adjustable high voltage sources.
- Certain embodiments include charging resistors, depicted in Figures 4, 6, or 7, to limit current through switches A 3 Bl, B2, C and D.
- the embodiments of the invention can utilize high speed, high side MOSFET gate drivers including a fiber optic link to accommodate the high switching speeds and the high voltage isolation.
- a photodiode can be used to observe the pulse energy during the time period tl to t2 as shown in Figure 3 A.
- a closed loop control method can receive the photodiode output to determine the level of energy to gate out of the system.
- a variable switching frequency closed loop control technique can be used to manipulate the fundamental switching frequency of A, Bl, B2, C, D, Ml, M2, M3, M4, Sl, S2, S3, S4 and/or S5 to tune the system to the resonator cavity length to account for tolerances in the mechanical layout and to account for variation in resonator cavity length due to temperature effects.
- the duty cycle of the said time-dependent differential voltage, 6V(t) can be programmed or adjusted to fine tune the period or "window" in the total time of flight where reflectivity allows gain to build up, thereby avoiding reliance on fixed periods or fixed voltages.
- the electronics switching patterns and setting of voltage sources described herein can be inverted, allowing the Pockels cell to be driven in either polarity when the electronic circuits are symmetrical.
- Apparatuses and methods disclosed herein can therefore achieve a desired quality of pulsed laser energy by alternating between two modes of operation in a single resonator, rather than through the use of two separate resonators.
- a single Pockels cell operating in the modes discussed above, can eliminate the need for an additional modelocking device to establish a modelocked pulse within the resonator. Because the Pockels cell does not require operation at a resonant frequency, synchronization with the pulse round trip time is carried out through setting the period of the bias voltage modulation, thereby eliminating the need to adjust resonator length.
- the apparatuses and methods disclosed herein are in many cases significantly simplified due to the reduced number of components and/or reduced demands in terms of bias voltage and other operating parameters.
- Devices may be operated using a modulated waveform according to the requirements and parameters set forth herein, and using the electronic configuration discussed above or various equivalent configurations as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill, having the benefit of the present disclosure.
- Other embodiments of the invention may involve the introduction of conventional optical components for use in conjunction with the apparatuses disclosed herein, such as shutters or beam attenuators, reflecting prisms or other reflecting components, filters, light focusing components such as concentrators or condensers, collimating lenses, additional polarizers, electro-optical devices, and/or mirrors, etc.
- a laser apparatus as described herein is used to generate pulsed laser energy having a pulse duration of about 100-200 ps with about 500-750 mj/pulse.
- the laser apparatus includes a resonator with two substantially totally reflective mirrors at opposite ends of its optical axis.
- An alexandrite crystal lasing medium, a polarizer, and a Pockels cell are positioned along this optical axis.
- An optical flashlamp is also included for pumping the alexandrite lasing medium, which generates laser energy having a wavelength in the range of 700-950 nm.
- the pulsed laser energy described above is generated by pumping the lasing medium and first establishing a modelocked pulse oscillating in the resonator.
- a time-dependent voltage waveform as described herein, is applied to the Pockels cell. This waveform results from the sum of a constant baseline voltage and a time-dependent differential voltage.
- the baseline voltage is in the range of 1000-1500 volts (representing 40%-60% of the Pockels cell quarter wave voltage, or 2500 volts) and is negatively offset or modulated by the time-dependent differential voltage, having an amplitude in the range of 250-750 volts (representing 10%-30% of the Pockels cell quarter wave voltage).
- the period of the resulting voltage waveform is in the range from 5-10 ns and is equal to the round trip time of the oscillating laser energy in the resonator.
- the voltage applied to the Pockels cell is thus modulated at a frequency in the range from 100-200 MHz.
- the modelocked pulse established as described above is amplified by discharging the Pockels cell to essentially 0 volts. Oscillating laser energy is reflected between the mirrors at each end of the resonator, with essentially no losses. This laser energy therefore rapidly increases in amplitude by extracting energy previously pumped and stored in the alexandrite crystal during modelocking. When the laser energy has reached the desired energy level as indicated above, it is extracted from the resonator by applying the quarter wave voltage of 2500 volts to the Pockels cell.
- the switching electronics used to operate the laser in modelocked pulse and amplification modes, and finally to extract the amplified pulse as discussed above, comprise 3 MOFSET switches, two charging resistors, two coupling circuits, and three voltage sources having voltages VlOO in the range of +200 to +750 volts, V200 in the range of -900 to -1000 volts, and V300 in the range of +2000 to +2500 volts.
- the switches, resistors, coupling circuits, and voltage sources are configured as shown in FIG. 4.
- Laser energy having the pulse duration and energy as described above is applied to a patient undergoing treatment for the removal of a tattoo.
- This laser energy is applied over the course of a 30-minute treatment session to all areas of the skin having undesired tattoo pigment particles.
- Photomechanical disruption of these particles is effected using the short pulse duration (below the transit time of a sound wave through the targeted tattoo pigment particles), together with a fluence in the range of 2-4 j/cm 2 . This fluence is achieved with a laser energy spot diameter of about 5 mm.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying laser energy having desired pulse characteristics, including a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally- occurring (e g, birthmarks), as well as artificial (e g, tattoos). The laser energy may be generated with an apparatus havin resonator (fig 2) with the capability of switching between a modelocked pulse operating mode and an amplification operating mode. The operating modes are carried out through the application of a time-dependent bias voltage, having waveforms as described herein an electro-optical device (e g, a Pockels cell) positioned along the optical axis of the resonator.
Description
PICOSECOND LASER APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR ITS OPERATION AND USE
RELATED APPLICATION
[01] This application claims priority from U.S. patent application number 11/461,812, filed August 2, 2006, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[02] The present invention relates to apparatuses and methods for delivering laser energy having a short pulse duration {e.g., less than about 1 nanosecond) and high energy output per pulse (e.g., greater than about 250 millijoules). The desired operating parameters are achieved through the application of a bias voltage, having a time- dependent value as described herein, to an electro-optical device such as a Pockels cell. The Pockels cell may be disposed in a single laser having a resonator that can be operated in two modes, depending on the bias voltage applied to the electro-optical device. As a result, laser energy suitable for a number of applications, including treating and removing pigment particles such as those introduced to the human body as tattoos, may be generated using a relatively simple apparatus.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[03] Lasers are recognized as controllable sources of radiation that is relatively monochromatic and coherent (i.e., has little divergence). Laser energy is applied in an ever-increasing number of areas in diverse fields such as telecommunications, data storage and retrieval, entertainment, research, and many others. In the area of medicine, lasers have proven useful in surgical and cosmetic procedures where a precise beam of high energy radiation causes localized heating and ultimately the destruction of unwanted tissues. Such tissues include, for example, subretinal scar tissue that forms in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or the constituents of ectatic blood vessels that constitute vascular lesions.
[04] The principle of selective photothermolysis underlies many conventional medical laser therapies to treat diverse dermatological problems such as leg veins, portwine
stain birthmarks, and other ectatic vascular and pigmented lesions. The dermal and epidermal layers containing the targeted structures are exposed to laser energy having a wavelength that is preferentially or selectively absorbed in these structures. This leads to localized heating to a temperature (e.g., to about 700C) that denatures constituent proteins or disperses pigment particles. The fluence, or energy per unit area, used to accomplish this denaturation or dispersion is generally based on the amount required to achieve the desired targeted tissue temperature, before a significant portion of the absorbed laser energy is lost to diffusion. The fluence must, however, be limited to avoid denaturing tissues surrounding the targeted area.
[05] Fluence, however, is not the only consideration governing the suitability of laser energy for particular applications. The pulse duration and pulse intensity, for example, can impact the degree to which laser energy diffuses into surrounding tissues during the pulse and/or causes undesired, localized vaporization. In terms of the pulse duration of the laser energy used, conventional approaches have focused on maintaining this value below the thermal relaxation time of the targeted structures, in order to achieve optimum heating. For the small vessels contained in portwine stain birthmarks, for example, thermal relaxation times and hence the corresponding pulse durations of the treating radiation are often on the order of hundreds of microseconds to several milliseconds.
[06] The use of even shorter pulses, however, results in a change from photothermal to photomechanical processes. The latter mechanism is invoked by applying laser pulses having a duration that is below the acoustic transit time of a sound wave through targeted particles. This causes pressure to build up in the particles, in a manner analogous to the accumulation of heat within a target irradiated by laser pulses having a duration that is below the thermal relaxation time.
[07] Photomechanical processes described above can provide commercially significant opportunities, particularly in the area of treating skin pigmentations including tattoos, portwine stains, and other birthmarks. The incidence of tattoos in the U.S. and other populations, for example, continues at a significant pace. Because tattoo pigment
particles of about 1 micron in diameter or less may be cleared from the body via ordinary immune system processes, stable tattoos are likely composed of pigment particles having diameters on the order of 1-10 microns or more. As the speed of sound in many solid media is approximately 3000 meters/second, the acoustic transit time across such particles, and consequently the laser pulse duration required to achieve their photomechanical destruction, is as low as hundreds of picoseconds. The acoustic transit time of a sound wave in a particle is calculated by dividing the radius of the particle by the speed of sound in the particle.
[08] In addition to such short pulse durations, high energy laser pulses are needed for significant disruption of tattoo pigment particles and other pigmentations. Required fluences of several joules per square centimeter and treatment spot sizes of a few millimeters in diameter translate to a desired laser output with several hundred millijoules (mJ) per pulse or more. Unfortunately, current systems capable of such short pulse duration and high energy output are too complex and/or expensive for practical use in the treatment or removal of tattoos and other pigmentations. These devices generally require two or more lasers and amplifier stages, together with multiple electro-optical and/or acousto-optic devices.
[09] Sierra and Russell (SBIR Proposal to the NIH, submitted December 1993) disclose a device of reduced complexity, which demonstrated 100 millijoules of output. The device uses a single laser gain medium that is common to two resonators. A Pockels cell is used to sequentially select one or the other of the two resonators. Operation requires applying a bias voltage to the Pockels cell to establish a modelocked pulse along the first resonator, switching the Pockels cell bias voltage to amplify the pulse along a second, separate resonator, and then switching the Pockels cell bias again to extract the amplified pulse. The gain or lasing medium, two polarizers, a Pockels cell, an acousto-optical device, and two mirrors are included along the optical pathway of the first resonator. The lasing medium, polarizers, electro-optical device, and an additional mirror are included along the optical pathway of the second resonator.
[10] While this apparatus is less complex than multiple laser systems, it nevertheless requires a large number of optical components (e.g., seven or more). In addition, the voltages applied and switched at the Pockels cell are equal to the halfwave bias voltage of the Pockels cell, typically in excess of 5,000 volts. These voltages must be switched in less than a few nanoseconds, placing a significant demand on the switching electronics. Also, because the system utilizes the separate operation of two resonators, it is possible due to component limitations for radiation from one resonator to leak or "spill over" into another. A consequence of this is the generation of undesirable or "parasitic" pulses, particularly in the resonator used for amplification, which supports a significantly lower threshold for laser oscillation. Finally, the use of an acousto-optic modulator to achieve modelocking may require the constant adjustment of resonator length, as such devices operate only at discrete resonant frequencies.
[11] The simpler alexandrite and other Q-s witched lasers currently employed in the treatment of dermatological pigmentations cannot reliably achieve tattoo pigment particle clearance in a matter of only a few treatments, despite claims to the contrary. Consequently, there is a need in the art for laser apparatuses of relatively low complexity, such that they are practical for tattoo pigment particle removal and the treatment of other pigmented lesions. Such apparatuses, however, must also be capable of emitting laser radiation with the short pulse duration required to invoke photomechanical processes. As discussed above, this requires pulse durations on the order of several hundred picoseconds, or the acoustic transit time across targeted pigment particles. Also characteristic of such a device is the capability of achieving an output energy of several hundred millijoules or more.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[12] The present invention is associated with the discovery of methods and apparatuses described herein for delivering pulsed laser energy with pulse characteristics suitable for a number of practical applications. Such pulse characteristics include a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally-occurring {e.g.,
birthmarks), as well as artificial (e.g., tattoos). Advantageously, rather than requiring at least two resonators (or laser cavities), pulsed laser energy having the desired characteristics may be generated, according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, with an apparatus having a single resonator and lasing (or gain) medium, together with an electro-optical device to effect switching between two different operating modes of the single resonator.
[13] In addition to requiring only a single resonator and lasing (or gain) medium, apparatuses may be further simplified in that, in a first operating mode, a modelocked pulse is established in the resonator, without the use of an additional modelocking device such as an acousto-optic modulator. Moreover, the need to adjust resonator length, associated with the use of some acousto-optical devices, is eliminated. The overall component and operating requirements of apparatuses according to embodiments of the present invention are therefore considerably simplified. For example, in some cases only four optical components may be required, as is common in many Q-Switched laser systems.
[14] These and other advantages are associated with the application, to an electro-optical device (e.g., a Pockels cell) positioned along the optical axis of the resonator, a time- dependent bias voltage having a periodic waveform with an amplitude to effect a first operating mode. In particular, the periodic waveform has a period substantially equal to the round trip time of laser energy oscillating in the resonator, which results in the generation of a modelocked pulse. Other aspects of the present invention include the electronics necessary to generate the time-dependent bias voltage described above, as well as optionally a baseline operating voltage and voltages for (A) implementing a second operating mode of the resonator which amplifies laser energy oscillating in the resonator and (B) thereafter extracting the amplified laser pulse, having the desired pulse duration and pulse energy characteristics.
[15] In one embodiment, therefore, the present invention is a method for generating pulsed laser energy. The method comprises reflecting laser energy between two substantially totally reflective mirrors disposed at opposite ends of a resonator and through a
polarizer and an electro-optical device within the resonator and positioned along the optical path (or longitudinal axis) of the resonator. A lasing (or gain) medium, for example a flashlamp pumped laser rod, is also positioned along the optical axis. The method further comprises applying to the electro-optical device a time-dependent bias voltage, V(t), equal to the sum of a baseline voltage, V0, and a time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t). This time-dependent differential voltage varies periodically with a period substantially equal to twice the time required (i.e., the round trip time) for the laser energy to traverse the length of the resonator, allowing for operation in some cases without the need to make adjustments to the resonator length. The method may also involve setting or adjusting the amplitude of the time dependent differential voltage and/or pumping the lasing medium (e.g., using optical pumping means such as a flashlamp) under conditions sufficient to establish a modelocked pulse in the resonator. This provides a first mode of operation in the resonator.
[16] In a subsequent, second mode of operation, the modelocked pulse is amplified. In the case where the electro-optical device is positioned between the polarizer and one of the mirrors (arbitrarily denoted the "second" mirror) a first (constant) bias voltage may be applied to the electro-optical device such that a pulse reflected at this second mirror traverses the polarizer substantially without loss of intensity or amplitude. To extract the energy from the amplified pulse, a second (constant) bias voltage may thereafter be applied to the electro-optical device such that the polarizer substantially expels a pulse reflected at the second mirror from the resonator. This releases the pulsed laser energy having the desired characteristics described herein.
[17] The first bias voltage, for example, may be substantially 0 and the second bias voltage may be substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device. The baseline voltage, V0, is generally from about 30% to about 70%, and often from about 40% to about 60%, of the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device. The time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t), has an amplitude generally from about 5% to about 35%, and often from about 10% to about 30%, of the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device (e.g., Pockels cell). Advantageously, these
voltages are one half or less than the halfwave voltage (required in known methods) and therefore result in a significant reduction in the switching electronics requirements.
[18] The pulsed laser energy generated according to methods of the present invention may have at least about 100 mj/pulse, and often will have from about 200 to about 800 mj/pulse, as required for applications described herein, such as the removal or dispersion of pigment particles as often used to form tattoos. As is also desired in these applications, the pulsed laser energy generally has a pulse duration of at most about 500 picoseconds (ps), typically at most about 300 ps, and often at most about 150 ps. As stated previously, any of the methods described above may be performed without the need to adjust resonator length.
[19] Other embodiments of the invention include laser apparatuses for performing any of the methods described above, and in particular for generating pulsed laser energy with pulses having a duration of at most about 500 ps and an energy or intensity of at least about 100 mj. A representative apparatus comprises a resonator having first and second mirrors, each of which is substantially totally reflective, disposed at opposite ends of the resonator. The apparatus also includes a lasing material (e.g., a solid state lasing medium), an electro-optical device (e.g., a Pockels cell), and a polarizer, all of which are positioned along the optical axis of the resonator. The electro-optical device is positioned on this axis between the polarizer and the (arbitrarily denoted) "second" mirror.
[20] The bias voltage of the electro-optical device may be modified such that two operating modes, pulse modelocking and pulse amplification, are carried out sequentially, as described above, in a single resonator. Therefore, apparatuses according to some embodiments of the invention do not include a modelocking device such as an acousto-optic modulator. In other embodiments, the apparatuses may include a resonator, and often include a single resonator only, which is configured to generate laser radiation with the desirable pulse duration and energy characteristics as discussed herein. The resonator may be included in the apparatus, for example, in the
absence of any other components that would materially affect its basic and novel characteristics.
[21] An additional aspect of the present invention involves the use of voltage waveform generating electronics for applying the necessary voltage during operation to the electro-optical device, in order to invoke the separate and normally sequential operating modes of the apparatus, as described above. In particular embodiments, these waveform generating electronics apply a time-dependent bias voltage, V(t), equal to the sum of a baseline voltage, V0, and a time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t). The time-dependent differential voltage varies periodically with a period substantially equal to the round trip time required for the laser energy in the resonator.
[22] The voltage waveform electronics may be used for initially applying the baseline voltage, V0, to the electro-optical device, prior to applying the time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t), which establishes a first, modelocked operating mode, as discussed above. Subsequently, the voltage waveform electronics can apply a first (constant) bias voltage {e.g., zero voltage or complete discharge of the electro-optical device), such that a reflected pulse at the second mirror traverses the polarizer substantially without loss of intensity. Under these conditions the lasing or gain medium amplifies the laser energy within the resonator, in a second, amplification operating mode, prior to its extraction or release from the apparatus as laser energy having the desirable pulse characteristics, including the short pulse duration and high pulse energy discussed above. This generation of such laser energy, for applications discussed herein, is ultimately effected by applying a second bias voltage {e.g., the quarter wave voltage) to the electro-optical device, such that a pulse reflected at the second mirror is substantially expelled from the resonator at the polarizer.
[23] In certain embodiments of the present invention, suitable voltage waveform generating electronics may include a plurality of switches (e.g., MOSFET switching transistors) that are capable of modulating the voltage applied to the electro-optical device in a time frame on the order of 10 nanoseconds. According to one embodiment, charging resistors, coupling circuits, energy storage capacitors, and
voltage sources are included in the electronic circuit along with the switches. The switches can be operated in a manner to establish a baseline baseline voltage, V0 (e.g., from approximately 30% to approximately 70% of the quarter wave voltage),to the electro-optical device. One switch can then be alternately closed and opened resulting in a periodic time-dependent differential voltage δV(t) across the electro-optical device (e.g., having a magnitude from approximately 5% to approximately 35% of the quarter wave voltage), such that the total bias voltage, V(t), applied to the electro- optical device is V0 + δV(t). The switches can then be opened such that V0 is applied across the electro-optical device. One switch can then be closed to apply V0 + δV(t) across the electro-optical device (400). The switch is periodically opened and closed with a period substantially equal to the round trip time of the laser energy, in order to establish the first modelocked pulse operating mode.
[24] Thereafter, the electro-optical device may be discharged by closing switches, thereby changing the value of the effective reflectivity, R^ff, of the second mirror to substantially 100%. This amplifies the laser energy within the resonator, in a second amplification mode. Extraction or release of the desired laser energy from the apparatus may be achieved upon opening the switches and then momentarily closing a switch thereby applying the voltage source to the electro-optical device, via coupling circuits, with the resulting voltage differential across the electro-optical device, being substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of the device. This applied voltage in turn changes the value of Refrto substantially 0%.
[25] In another embodiment, the present invention is a method for treating a skin pigmentation, such as a tattoo, a portwine stain, or a birthmark. The method comprises exposing pigmented skin of a patient to pulsed laser energy with pulses having a duration of at most about 500 ps and an energy of at least about 100 mj. The pulsed laser energy is generated according to any of the methods, or using any of the apparatuses, discussed above.
[26] In another embodiment, the present invention is a method for removing a tattoo comprising tattoo pigment particles, which may, for example, have a diameter from
about 1 to about 10 microns. The method comprises exposing the tattoo pigment particles to pulsed laser energy with pulses having a duration below about twice the acoustic transit time across the tattoo pigment particles. This pulsed laser energy may have pulses with a duration and energy as described above, and/or may be generated according to any of the methods, or using any of the apparatuses, discussed above.
[27] These and other embodiments are apparent from the following Detailed Description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[28] FIG. 1 is a graphical representation showing the relationship between the relative peak pressure within a particle targeted for photomechanical disruption, as a function of pulse duration, measured as a multiple of the acoustic transit time across the particle.
[29] FIG. 2 depicts a representation of a laser emitting apparatus according to the present invention.
[30] FIG. 3A is a graphical representation of voltage applied over time to an electro-optical device in a laser apparatus, corresponding to a value V(t) = V0 + δV(t) between to and ti, a value V(t) = 0 between ti and .2, and a value V(t) of the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device, after t2.
[31] FIG. 3B is a graphical representation of the effective reflectivity over time of the combined mirror, electro-optical device, and polarizer in FIG. 2, with the time- dependent voltage applied to the electro-optical device as shown in FIG. 3 A.
[32] FIG. 4 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3 A. This figure depicts an alternate method for developing the time-dependent voltage wherein parallel switches (Sw_Bl and Sw_B2) are interleaved such that each switch alternately fires to increase maximum frequency capability. This figure also includes
an alternate method of applying a differential quarter wave voltage to the electro- optical device for pulse extraction.
[33J FIG. 5 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A. In this circuit, the differential quarter wave voltage is applied to the electro- optical device by switch 360 and voltage source 300, via coupling circuits (310-340) for pulse extraction.
[34] FIG. 6 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3 A. In this circuit, the differential quarter wave voltage is applied to the electro- optical device by 2 independent voltage sources, the differential voltage between which should be substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optic device.
[35] FIG. 7 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A. In this circuit, the time-dependent voltage is developed by interleaved operation of 2 parallel switches (Sw_Bl and Sw_JB2) such that each switch operates at 1A of the desired modulation frequency.
[36] FIG. 8 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A. This circuit uses a transformer to provide voltage level shifting such that lower voltage rated but faster switching MOSFET's can be used. Additionally, this circuit also applies a quarter wave voltage to the electro-optic device by means of voltage source V3, and switch M4.
[37] The features of the apparatus referred to in the above FIG. 2 are not necessarily drawn to scale and should be understood to present an illustration of the invention and/or principles involved. Some features depicted in the figures have been enlarged or
distorted relative to others, in order to facilitate explanation and understanding. The same reference numbers are used in the figures for similar or identical components or features shown in the various embodiments. Laser devices, as disclosed herein, will have configurations, components, and operating parameters determined, in part, by the intended application and also the environment in which they are used.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[38J Aspects of the present invention are associated with the ability of laser pulses having a duration of several hundred picoseconds to cause the photomechanical disruption, through the use of sound (or pressure) waves, of tattoo pigment particles and other components of pigmented lesions. Mechanical disruption of the pigment particles facilitates removal of the pigment particles by the body's natural removal processes such as those associated with the immune system. These pulse durations are of the same order as the acoustic transit time across particles having a diameter from about 1 to about 10 microns, which are otherwise sufficiently large to remain stable in skin tissue (e.g., without being cleared by normal immune system responses).
[39] The significance of short pulse duration in photomechanical processes is illustrated graphically in FIG. I5 which shows the non-linear response of peak pressure in a target, as laser pulse duration is reduced. The units of pulse duration, along the x- axis, are normalized to a multiple of the acoustic transit time across a targeted particle, such as a tattoo pigment particle. The acoustic transit time refers to the time required for a sound wave to traverse this target particle. As is apparent from FIG. 1, the photomechanical stress on the target rapidly increases when the irradiating pulse duration decreases to less than about two transit times.
[40] The effect becomes dramatically more pronounced below about one transit time. FIG. 1 therefore illustrates the importance of the ability to operate in the picosecond pulse duration range, in designing a photomechanical treatment or removal protocol for tattoos and other pigmented skin lesions. In fact, as is also clear from FIG. 1, laser pulses having durations of greater than about five times the acoustic transit time induce relatively insignificant peak pressure on the target particle and are therefore
relatively ineffective in disrupting small pigmentation particles via the photomechanical mechanism.
[41] Effective apparatuses and methods according to embodiments of the present invention are therefore advantageously capable of delivering laser energy having a pulse duration generally less than about 1 nanosecond, typically less than about 500 picoseconds (ps), and often less than about 250 ps. Common pulse duration values according to some embodiments are in the range from about 100 to about 300 ps. The above values generally represent less than several (e.g., from about one to about three) acoustic transit times for pigmentation particles having a diameter in the range from about 1 to about 10 microns.
[42] Also characteristic of laser energy that is effective for treating or removing skin pigmentations is a relatively high level of energy output. For example, fluences required to achieve significant disruption of pigment particles are generally in the range from about 1 to about 10 j/cm2. For viable treatment methods having a treatment area or spot size of a few millimeters in diameter, the required laser output is preferably at least about 100 mj per pulse, and often in the range from about 200 to about 800 mj per pulse.
[43] FIG. 2 depicts a representative embodiment of an apparatus 10 according to the present invention, which is capable of achieving the above pulse duration and energy output parameters, suitable for the effective treatment of pigmented lesions through photomechanical means. Advantageously, the apparatus includes a resonator (or laser cavity) capable of generating laser energy having the desirable pulse duration and energy per pulse, as described herein. The resonator has a characteristic longitudinal or optical axis 22 (i.e., the longitudinal flow path for radiation in the resonator), as indicated by the dashed line. Also included in the representative apparatus shown are an electro-optical device, in this case a Pockels cell 20, and a polarizer 18 (e.g., a thin- film polarizer). During operation, the laser pulse output will be obtained along output path 23.
[44] At opposite ends of the optical axis 22 of the resonator are a first mirror 12 and a second mirror 14 having substantially complete reflectivity. This term, and equivalent terms such as "substantially totally reflective" are used to indicate that the mirrors 12 and 14 completely reflect incident laser radiation of the type normally present during operation of the resonator, or reflect at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, and more preferably at least 99% of incident radiation. The mirror reflectivity is to be distinguished from the term "effective reflectivity," which is not a property of the mirror itself but instead refers to the effective behavior of the combination of second mirror 14, Pockels cell 20, and polarizer 18 that is induced by the particular operation of the Pockels cell 20, as discussed in detail below.
[45] In particular, a laser pulse traveling from lasing or gain medium 16 towards second mirror 14 will first pass through polarizer 18, then Pockels cell 20, reflect at second mirror 14, traverse Pockels cell 20 a second time, and finally pass through polarizer 18 a second time before returning to gain medium 16. Depending upon the bias voltage applied to Pockels cell 20, some portion (or rejected fraction) of the energy in the pulse will be rejected at polarizer 18 and exit the resonator along output path 23. The remaining portion (or non-rejected fraction) of the energy (from 0% to 100% of the energy in the initial laser pulse) that returns to the medium 16 is the "effective reflectivity" of second mirror 14. As explained above, for any given applied voltage to Pockels cell 20, the effective behavior of the combination of second mirror 14, Pockels cell 20, and polarizer 18 is indistinguishable, in terms of laser dynamics, from that of a single partially reflective mirror, reflecting the same non-rejected fraction described above. An "effective reflectivity of substantially 100%" refers to a mirror that acts as a substantially totally reflective mirror as defined above.
[46] Also positioned along the optical axis 22 of the resonator is a lasing or gain medium 16, which may be pumped by any conventional pumping device (not shown) such as an optical pumping device (e.g., a flashlamp) or possibly an electrical or injection pumping device. A solid state lasing medium and optical pumping device are preferred for use in the present invention. Representative solid state lasers operate with an alexandrite or a titanium doped sapphire (TIS) crystal. Alternative solid
lasing media include a yttrium-aluminum garnet crystal, doped with neodymium (Nd:YAG laser). Similarly, neodymium may be used as a dopant of pervoskite crystal (NdrYAP or Nd:YAlθ3 laser) or a yttrium-lithium-fluoride crystal (Nd:YAF laser). Other rare earth and transition metal ion dopants (e.g., erbium, chromium, and titanium) and other crystal and glass media hosts (e.g., vanadite crystals such as YVO4, fluoride glasses such as ZBLN, silica glasses, and other minerals such as ruby) of these dopants may be used as lasing media.
[47] The above mentioned types of lasers generally emit radiation, in predominant operating modes, having wavelengths in the visible to infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In an Nd: YAG laser, for example, population inversion of Nd+3 ions in the YAG crystal causes the emission of a radiation beam at 1064 nm as well as a number of other near infrared wavelengths. It is also possible to use, in addition to the treating radiation, a low power beam of visible laser light as a guide or alignment tool. Alternative types of lasers include those containing gas, dye, or other lasing media. Semiconductor or diode lasers also represent possible sources of laser energy, available in varying wavelengths. In cases where a particular type of laser emits radiation at both desired and undesired wavelengths, the use of filters, reflectors, and/or other optical components can aid in targeting a pigmented lesion component with only the desired type of radiation.
[48] Aspects of the invention also relate to the manner in which the relatively simple apparatus 10, depicted in FIG. 2, is operated to generate laser energy with the desirable pulse duration and energy output requirements discussed above. For example, laser energy from the lasing medium 16 is reflected between the first mirror 12 and second mirror 14 at opposite ends of the optical axis 22 of the resonator. Laser energy emanating from the lasing medium 16 therefore traverses the thin film polarizer 18 and Pockels cell 20 before being reflected by the substantially totally reflective second mirror 14, back through the Pockels cell 20 and polarizer 18.
[49] TIS materials, alexandrite, and other crystals such as Nd: YVO4 exhibit a large stimulated emission cross-section selectively for radiation having an electric field
vector that is aligned with a crystal axis. Radiation emitted from such lasing materials is therefore initially linearly polarized, requiring that the polarizer 18 be configured for transmission of essentially all incident radiation by proper alignment with respect to the electric field vector. However, the application of a bias voltage to the Pockels cell 20 can cause elliptical polarization of the exiting radiation, such that the radiation field of the pulse reflected in the second mirror 14 and arriving again at the polarizer 18 will in this case consist of two components with orthogonal electric field vectors being out of phase by some angle.
[50] If the polarizer 18 rejects radiation having an electric field vector that is orthogonal (or perpendicular) to the orientation of the initial electric field vector of radiation from the lasing material 16, the net effect of the combined components (second mirror 14, Pockels cell 20, and polarizer 18) is that of a variable reflectivity mirror. The effective reflectivity, R^ ,of the second mirror 14 (Le., the Pockels cell 20 being positioned between that mirror 14 and the polarizer 18), is given by equation (1):
R^ COS^V/V^), (1) where the quantity Vχ/4 is the quarter wave voltage of the Pockels cell 20. The quarter wave voltage refers to the voltage required across the Pockels cell to split the incident radiation into two components having equal intensities and retard the polarization electrical field vector of one component by one-quarter of a wavelength relative to the other component.
[51] Thus radiation, having been reflected at the second mirror 14 and therefore passing twice through the Pockels cell 20 with an applied voltage of Vχ/4, will have its polarization axis rotated 90° and will be completely rejected by polarizer 18. An applied voltage V = Vχ/4 therefore provides an effective reflectivity, Refr, of "substantially 0%," meaning that the radiation is either completely rejected by the polarizer 18, or possibly all but a small amount of radiation is rejected (e.g., an amount having an intensity or amplitude generally of less than about 10%, typically of less than about 5%, and often less than about 1%, of its initial intensity or amplitude, I0, prior to the first pass of the radiation through the polarizer 18 and Pockels cell 20).
Overall, radiation arriving at the lasing medium 16 after two passes through Pockels cell 20 (and after having been reflected in the second mirror 14) will have an intensity or amplitude, I, given by
I=I0 • Reff
[52] It is recognized that, in various embodiments of the invention, the quarter wave voltage can actually induce a number of possible changes in incident radiation polarization, depending on the particular optical configuration of the apparatus. For example, the use of quarter wave retardation plate positioned between Pockels cell 20 and the second mirror 14 would introduce a double pass polarization axis rotation of 90°, without any applied voltage to the Pockels cell. The effective reflectivity, R4-^, of the second mirror 14 in this case would be governed by the expression
Rcff= COS2[ y (V+V X,4)/VW4], where a Pockels cell voltage of 0 would achieve an effective reflectivity of 0%. Application of the quarter wave voltage to the Pockels cell would then introduce an additional 90° of rotation, such that the overall effect would be that of no change in polarization. The effective reflectivity, Refr, in this case would be substantially 100%, meaning that the second mirror 14 would act as a substantially totally reflective mirror. It is also recognized that not all lasing media emit linearly polarized radiation or radiation having an electric field vector that is aligned with a crystal axis. For example, Nd: YAG media are non-polarizing. In the case where non-polarizing media are employed, polarizer 18 may establish a given polarization of radiation incident to Pockels cell 20.
[53] Various aspects of the present invention are associated with the advantages obtained when a time-dependent bias voltage, V(t), is applied to an electro-optical device such as the Pockels cell 20. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the time-dependent voltage is equal to the sum of a baseline voltage, V0, and a time-dependent differential or offsetting voltage, δV(t), that varies periodically with a period substantially equal to the round trip time, or twice the time required for the oscillating laser energy to traverse the length of the resonator. The term "substantially equal" in this case refers
to deviations between the period of the applied voltage waveform and the round trip time of generally less than about 100 parts per million (ppm), often less than 10 ppm, and preferably less than about 1 ppm.
[54] The application of a time-dependent voltage waveform described above and characterized by equation (2)
V(t) = V0 + δV(t), (2) where the time-dependent component δV(t) has a period substantially equal to the round trip time of the resonator, allows the resonator to function in a first operating mode, where a modelocked pulse is established in the resonator. Importantly, modelocked oscillation may be obtained without the requirement for an additional modelocking device (or modelocker), such as an acousto-optic modulator, and consequently without the need to adjust resonator length to match a particular resonance frequency.
[55] Thus, the combination of components, together with the applied voltage waveform discussed • above, can function essentially identically to a modelocker. In the first modelocked pulse operating mode, the effective reflectivity, Rcff, of the second mirror 14, is modulated, by modulating the voltage applied to the Pockels cell 20, with a desired frequency (corresponding to a period substantially equal to the round trip time of the oscillating laser energy). The modulated reflectivity over time R(t) is obtained by substituting V0 + δV(t) from equation (2) into the expression for Reff in equation (1) and expanding to obtain
[56] where R0 is the initial effective reflectivity of the second mirror 14. From the above expression, it is evident that when operating at V0 = V^4 or V0 = 0, the linear term vanishes and modulation of the reflectivity is consequently very small. In contrast, the maximum extent or degree of modulation occurs when the baseline voltage V0 is
50% of the quarter wave voltage (V0 = 0.5VW4). In preferred embodiments, the baseline voltage V0 is from about 30% to about 70%, and typically from about 40% to about 60%, of the quarter wave voltage of the Pockels cell.
[57] Also, from the above equation for R(t), approximately 30% modulation of the reflectivity can be achieved when the magnitude of δV(t), representing either a positive or a negative deviation from V0, is 20% of the quarter wave voltage. In other embodiments, the time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t), has an amplitude generally from about 5% to about 35%, and typically from about 10% to about 30%, of the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device (e.g., the Pockels cell 20). Operation under these parameters, in a first modelocked pulse mode of operation, can therefore mimic the operation of a resonator having an 80% reflecting mirror at one end and also containing a modelocking device such as an acousto-optic device. Modelocking in either case requires a pumping system or device such as a flashlamp (not shown) operating with a sufficient pump rate to the lasing medium 16 to establish the modelocked pulse in the resonator.
[58] In a second (amplification) mode of operation, subsequent to modelocking, the modelocked pulse generated as described above is amplified. Amplification is achieved by applying a constant (first) bias voltage to the Pockels cell 20 such that the second mirror 14 has an effective reflectivity of substantially 100%. In this condition, the modelocked pulse oscillates between two substantially totally reflective mirrors 12 and 14. In embodiments where the effective reflectivity Reff of the second mirror 14 is governed by equation (1) above, a first bias voltage of substantially 0 volts (or substantially complete discharge of the Pockels cell), will provide the desired reflectivity of substantially 100%. In this amplification mode, the laser energy can rapidly increase in amplitude by extracting energy that was previously pumped and stored in the lasing medium 16 during modelocking.
[59] Once the laser energy, oscillating in the resonator under amplification conditions, has reached a desired or maximum amplitude, it can thereafter be extracted. This is achieved by applying a second bias voltage to the Pockels cell 20 such that the second
mirror has an effective reflectivity Rcff of substantially 0%, to generate pulsed laser energy. In embodiments where the effective reflectivity, Refr, of the second mirror 14 is governed by equation (1) above, a second bias voltage equal to the quarter wave voltage of the Pockels cell will achieve the desired reflectivity of substantially 100%. At this point, laser radiation having the desirable pulse duration and energy output described herein, is generated from the apparatus 10 and exits the resonator along output path 23.
[60] FIG. 3A provides a representation of voltage applied, as a function of time, to an electro-optical device such as a Pockels cell in a laser apparatus, to achieve the operating modes described above. In the time period between to and tt, the voltage applied is according to the equation V(t) = V0 + δV(t), with the time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t), periodically offsetting an applied baseline voltage, V0. In the particular embodiment of the invention using the voltage waveform shown in FIG. 3A5 the baseline voltage is 50% of the Pockels cell quarter wave voltage (V0 = 0.5Vχ/4) and the magnitude of the offset is 20% of the Pockels cell quarter wave voltage. This offset occurs periodically with a period equal to the round trip time of laser energy in the resonator.
[61] During operation from time to to t\, the pump rate to the gain or lasing medium may be set or adjusted to exceed the threshold for laser oscillation, when Refr (the effective reflectivity of the second mirror) is at or near its highest value. Under these operating conditions, together with the condition that the period of the applied voltage waveform is substantially the round trip time for energy to traverse the resonator as described above, a modelocked pulse can be established within the resonator. The time period between to and tj, where a periodic voltage is applied to the electro-optical device, therefore represents the time that the ' resonator is operating in a first, modelocked pulse mode of operation.
[62] At a time tj, after a steady state modelocked pulse has developed in the resonator, periodic modulation of the applied bias voltage is discontinued and a constant (first) bias voltage is then applied to the electro-optical device, such that Rcff is substantially
100%. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 A, the first voltage, applied at time U, is 0 volts, meaning that the Pockels cell or other electro-optical device is completely discharged. Under this second, amplification mode of operation, the amplitude of the laser energy within the resonator is allowed to grow rapidly, drawing upon energy previously input into the lasing medium during pumping in the modelocked pulse operating mode, as described above. When the laser energy has reached a desired amplitude, it may then be released as pulsed energy having the pulse duration and energy output as described herein. This release is effected by applying a bias voltage at a later time t2 such that IW is reduced to substantially 0%. According to the embodiment of FIG. 3A3 the applied bias voltage at this time is substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device.
[63] Amplification and release (or extraction) of laser energy through the application of first and second (constant) bias voltages, as described above, may also be carried out by applying bias voltages such that IW beginning at tj is less than 100%. In the amplification mode of operation, however, FW is generally greater than 80%, typically greater than about 90%, and often greater than about 95%. Likewise, laser energy may also be released at .2 using an IW of greater than 0%. For example, a second bias voltage may be applied at t2 such that IW is generally less than 20%, typically less than 10%, and often less than 5%. In any event, the important consideration is that the device is operated such that IW is at a relatively high value at ti and then decreased to a relatively low value at t2, thereby allowing the device to amplify an oscillating laser pulse and thereafter release the amplified laser energy.
[64] In the particular embodiment of the invention characterized by the applied bias voltage waveform shown in FIG. 3 A, the voltage required to obtain an Rcff value of substantially 100% at ti is substantially 0 volts. The term "substantially 0 volts" indicates that the electro-optical device may be completely discharged to 0 volts or that the applied voltage will generally be less than 10%, typically less than 5%, and often less than 1%, of the quarter wave voltage of the device. Likewise, in this embodiment of the invention, the voltage required to obtain an IW value of substantially 0% is substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage. The term
"substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage" indicates an applied bias voltage to the electro-optical device of its quarter wave voltage or preferably at least 80%, typically at least 90%, and often at least 95% of its quarter wave voltage.
[65] Also, as explained previously, the Pockels cell or electro-optical device, depending on other components (e.g., a retardation plate) in the apparatus, may require voltages other than 0 and the quarter wave voltage to achieve R^ values of 100% and 0%, respectively. It is also apparent from the cyclical nature of the dependency of Reff on the applied bias voltage, as given by equation (1) above, that higher voltages may be applied to achieve a given effective reflectivity. For example, either 0 volts or the half wave voltage may be applied to obtain Reff = 100% in equation (1). In general, however, it is preferred that the smallest bias voltage be applied to achieve a given Refr. Advantageously, the full range of effective reflectivity values, from 0% to 100%, may be obtained with the application of relatively modest bias voltages in the range from 0 volts to the quarter wave voltage, according to the methods described herein.
[66] FIG. 3B shows, according to one embodiment of the invention, the effective reflectivity over time corresponding to the time-dependent bias voltage waveform applied to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A. During the modelocked operating mode from to to ti, the effective reflectivity is periodically and positively offset, from a 50% operating value, to a peak value of 80%. The period of the applied voltage waveform matches that of the effective reflectivity waveform, which is the round trip time, or twice the time required for the laser energy to traverse the length of the resonator. At time ti (at the beginning of the amplification operating mode), when the electro-optical device is discharged, the corresponding value of Reff is 100%. At time t2, when the applied bias voltage is Vy4, Rcfr changes to 0% to release the amplified energy.
[67] The system or electronics for generating these waveforms represents another aspect of the present invention, as the electronics require not only a peak voltage of Vχ/4, but also must be capable of a modulation frequency of generally at least about 50 MHz,
typically at least about 100 MHz (based on a pulse oscillation time on the order of about 10 nanoseconds), and often at least about 200 MHz. Values of the modulation frequency may therefore be within the representative ranges of from about 50 to about 200 MHz or from about 75 to about 150 MHz. In addition, the switching rise time of the modulation may be approximately 1 nanosecond. FIG. 5 depicts one possible type of waveform generating electronics for producing the bias voltage and R^R- waveforms shown in FIG. 3 A and FIG. 3B, respectively and which is capable of modulating the voltage applied to the electro-optical device in a time frame on the order of 10 nanoseconds. The configuration comprises three switches 130, 230, 360, meeting the requirements set forth above. Preferably, insulated-gate, field-effect transistor switches are employed, such as co-planar metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switches. Switch 360 consists of a number of MOSFET' s arranged in series to increase voltage withstand. Two charging resistors 120, 220, two coupling circuits 310, 320, 325 and 330, 340, 345, and three voltage sources 100, 200, 300, are also included, as shown in FIG. 5. The circuit including switch 360 and voltage source 300 can be configured with or without coupling circuits 310 or 330.
[68] Also included in the embodiment of FIG. 5 is a Pockels cell (electro-optical device) 400, to which the electronic components apply a time-dependent voltage waveform, such as that depicted in FIG. 3A. Electrically, the Pockels cell 400 acts as a capacitor, with a typical capacitance of about 10 picofarads (pF). As described above with respect to FIG. 3 A, the waveform generating electronics in the embodiment of FIG. 5 are used for a first mode of operation at a baseline voltage V0 of 0.5Vy4. (or the "eighth-wave" voltage, Vyβ)- The baseline voltage is modulated or offset periodically by the time-dependent differential voltage δV(t) discussed above and having a magnitude of 0.2Vχ/4 in the particular waveform shown in FIG. 3 A. In a subsequent second mode of operation, the waveform generating electronics can be used to discharge the Pockels cell (i.e., apply a constant voltage of 0 volts). Thereafter, a voltage equal to the quarter wave voltage, Vλ/4, of the Pockels cell 20 can be applied.
[69] With all three switches off and, for example, the first voltage source 100 is set to approximately +250V, and a second voltage source 20 is set to approximately -
1000V, the resulting differential voltage across the electro-optical device 400 establishes the baseline voltage, V0 (e.g. , from approximately 30% to approximately 70% of the quarter wave voltage), to the electro-optical device. Switch 130 is then alternately closed and opened resulting in a periodic time-dependent differential voltage δV(t) across the electro-optical device 400 (e.g., having a magnitude from approximately 5% to approximately 35% of the quarter wave voltage), such that the total bias voltage, V(t), applied to the electro-optical device is V0 + δV(t). In view of FIG 3A and FIG 5, at time to, the initial bias voltage V0 may be applied from adjustable voltage sources 100 and 200, via charging resistors 120, 220 to the Pockels cell 400 by opening switches 130,230,360. Under this condition, the electronic configuration shown in FIG. 5 will charge the Pockels cell to the initial bias voltage V0 = 0.5V^4. In a first, modelocked pulse mode of operation between times to and t|, Switches 230 and 360 are maintained open while switch 130 is periodically closed and opened at the frequency required to modulate the bias voltage (e.g., with a period substantially equal to the round trip time of laser energy in the resonator). In particular, closing switch 130 while switch 230 is open modulates the baseline voltage with the time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t), having a magnitude of offset determined by the voltage from source 100, as shown in FIG. 5. This arrangement discharges the Pockels cell (400) from V0 to V0 + δV(t) through switches 130, capacitor 210 and charging resistor 220. Opening switch 130 restores the baseline voltage (V0 = 0.5VM4) from voltage sources 100 & 200 via charging resistors 120 and 220. The total bias voltage, V(t), applied to the Pockels cell 400 is therefore V0 + δV(t) during the first mode of operation.
[70] At time ti, a second, amplification mode of operation is established upon closing switches 130 and 230 thereby changing the value of the effective reflectivity, R^ff, of the second mirror to substantially 100%. This amplifies the laser energy within the resonator, in a second amplification mode. Extraction or release of the desired laser energy from the apparatus may be achieved upon opening switches 130 and 230 and then momentarily closing switch 360 thereby applying voltage source 300 to the electro-optical device 400, via coupling circuits 310 and 320, the resulting voltage differential across the electro-optical device 400, being substantially equal to the
quarter wave voltage of the device. This applied voltage in turn changes the value of Ren" to substantially 0%. This arrangement discharges the Pockels cell 400 through switches 130 and 230. Finally, at time t2, switches 130 and 230 are opened and charging resistors 120 and 220 begin to drive the Pockels cell voltage towards V0. Simultaneously, switch 360 is closed thereby applying voltage source 300 to the Pockels cell 400 via coupling circuits 310, 320, 325 and 330, 340, 345. Voltage source 300 is adjusted to approximately +2300V, Vy4 or quarter wave voltage, such that when switch 360 is closed a short duration voltage pulse is applied, via coupling circuits 310 and 330, differentially to the Pockels cell 40 as needed to extract the amplified pulse. Although the Pockels cell capacitance is small, the switching currents reach several amperes as a result of the very fast switching times required. Stray inductance and/or capacitance may impact circuit performance, such that small, tight packaging is desirable.
[71] FIG. 6 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A. In this circuit, the differential quarter wave voltage is applied to the electro- optical device by 2 independent voltage sources, the differential voltage between which should be substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optic device.
[72] FIG. 7 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A. In this circuit, the time-dependent voltage is developed by interleaved operation of 2 parallel switches (Sw_Bl and Sw_B2) such that each switch operates at 1A of the desired modulation frequency.
[73] FIG. 8 is a schematic of representative waveform generating electronics, capable of delivering the time-dependent voltage to the electro-optical device, as shown in FIG. 3A. This circuit uses a transformer to provide voltage level shifting such that lower voltage rated but faster switching MOSFET' s can be used. Additionally, this circuit
also applies a quarter wave voltage to the electro-optic device by means of voltage source V3, and switch M4.
[74] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method of driving the Pockels cell is provided using a plurality of switches and a high frequency transformer with switching frequency capabilities in the 100 MHz range with a step up ratio of about 1 :10 with an isolation voltage of about 3000V. As can be seen in Figure 8, a method is provided of closing switches Ml, M2, and M4 to generate 30% of the quarter wave voltage to the electro-optical device, while periodically opening and closing switch M2 to change the voltage on said electro-optical device to 50% of the quarter wave voltage. The operating frequency will be substantially equal to twice the time required for the laser energy to traverse the length of the resonator. The switching pattern of switches Ml, M2, M3 and M4 applies a time dependant differential voltage as depicted in figure 3A, such that the bias voltage, V(t), applied to said electro-optical device is equal to Vo + sigma V(t). Opening switches Ml, M2 and M4 discharges the electro-optical device to ~5% of the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device and closing switches Ml, M3 and M4 applies the quarter wave voltage to the electro-optical device.
[75] According to an alternate embodiment of the present invention, a method for driving the Pockels cell is provided with reference to Figure 4 using a plurality of switches A, Bl, B2, C and D. According to the method, switches A, C and D are opened to generate 50% of the quarter wave voltage to the electro-optical device, while periodically alternating the opening and closing of switch Bl to change the voltage on the electro-optical device to 50% of the quarter wave voltage. The operating frequency will be substantially equal to twice the time required for the laser energy to traverse the length of the resonator. The switching pattern of A, Bl, B2, C and D applies a time dependant differential voltage as depicted in figure 3A, such that the bias voltage, V(t), applied to said electro-optical device is equal to Vo + sigma V(t). Opening switches A and D and closing switches Bl, B2 and C discharges the electro-optical device to ~5% of the quarter wave voltage of the electro-optical device and opening switches Bl, B2 and C and closing switches A and D applies the full quarter wave voltage to said electro-optical device.
[76] According to an alternate embodiment, switches A and D can be eliminated and resistors Rl and R2 can drive the Pockels cell to ~70% of the quarter wave voltage as depicted in Figures 6 and 7, with the on/off switching pattern described above. According to certain embodiments, the method can employ one or more independently controlled, adjustable high voltage sources and low inductance single or multilayer printed circuit boards for interconnection of circuits. A high voltage pulse capacitor used as a DC energy source device can be used for adjustable high voltage sources. Certain embodiments include charging resistors, depicted in Figures 4, 6, or 7, to limit current through switches A3 Bl, B2, C and D. The embodiments of the invention can utilize high speed, high side MOSFET gate drivers including a fiber optic link to accommodate the high switching speeds and the high voltage isolation. According to additional embodiments, a photodiode can be used to observe the pulse energy during the time period tl to t2 as shown in Figure 3 A. A closed loop control method can receive the photodiode output to determine the level of energy to gate out of the system. With reference to the Figures, a variable switching frequency closed loop control technique can be used to manipulate the fundamental switching frequency of A, Bl, B2, C, D, Ml, M2, M3, M4, Sl, S2, S3, S4 and/or S5 to tune the system to the resonator cavity length to account for tolerances in the mechanical layout and to account for variation in resonator cavity length due to temperature effects.
[77] According to additional embodiments, the duty cycle of the said time-dependent differential voltage, 6V(t) can be programmed or adjusted to fine tune the period or "window" in the total time of flight where reflectivity allows gain to build up, thereby avoiding reliance on fixed periods or fixed voltages. In addition, the electronics switching patterns and setting of voltage sources described herein can be inverted, allowing the Pockels cell to be driven in either polarity when the electronic circuits are symmetrical.
[78] Apparatuses and methods disclosed herein can therefore achieve a desired quality of pulsed laser energy by alternating between two modes of operation in a single resonator, rather than through the use of two separate resonators. Also, a single Pockels cell, operating in the modes discussed above, can eliminate the need for an
additional modelocking device to establish a modelocked pulse within the resonator. Because the Pockels cell does not require operation at a resonant frequency, synchronization with the pulse round trip time is carried out through setting the period of the bias voltage modulation, thereby eliminating the need to adjust resonator length.
[79] The apparatuses and methods disclosed herein are in many cases significantly simplified due to the reduced number of components and/or reduced demands in terms of bias voltage and other operating parameters. Devices may be operated using a modulated waveform according to the requirements and parameters set forth herein, and using the electronic configuration discussed above or various equivalent configurations as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill, having the benefit of the present disclosure. Other embodiments of the invention may involve the introduction of conventional optical components for use in conjunction with the apparatuses disclosed herein, such as shutters or beam attenuators, reflecting prisms or other reflecting components, filters, light focusing components such as concentrators or condensers, collimating lenses, additional polarizers, electro-optical devices, and/or mirrors, etc. These variations are readily contemplated, and the above modifications are therefore well within the purview of one or ordinary skill, having regard for the present disclosure.
[80] In view of the above, it will be seen that several advantages may be achieved and other advantageous results may be obtained. Various changes could be made in the above apparatuses and methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. It is intended that all matter contained in this application, including all theoretical mechanisms and/or modes of interaction described above, shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not limiting in any way the scope of the appended claims.
[81] Throughout this disclosure, various aspects are presented in a range format. The description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For
example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 5, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual whole and fractional numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 2.6, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.
[82] The following example is set forth as representative of the present invention. This example is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as other embodiments and aspects of the invention are apparent in view of the present disclosure.
EXAMPLE 1
[83] A laser apparatus as described herein is used to generate pulsed laser energy having a pulse duration of about 100-200 ps with about 500-750 mj/pulse. The laser apparatus includes a resonator with two substantially totally reflective mirrors at opposite ends of its optical axis. An alexandrite crystal lasing medium, a polarizer, and a Pockels cell are positioned along this optical axis. An optical flashlamp is also included for pumping the alexandrite lasing medium, which generates laser energy having a wavelength in the range of 700-950 nm.
[84] The pulsed laser energy described above is generated by pumping the lasing medium and first establishing a modelocked pulse oscillating in the resonator. In the modelocked pulse operating mode, a time-dependent voltage waveform, as described herein, is applied to the Pockels cell. This waveform results from the sum of a constant baseline voltage and a time-dependent differential voltage. The baseline voltage is in the range of 1000-1500 volts (representing 40%-60% of the Pockels cell quarter wave voltage, or 2500 volts) and is negatively offset or modulated by the time-dependent differential voltage, having an amplitude in the range of 250-750 volts (representing 10%-30% of the Pockels cell quarter wave voltage). The period of the resulting voltage waveform is in the range from 5-10 ns and is equal to the round trip time of the oscillating laser energy in the resonator. The voltage applied to the Pockels cell is thus modulated at a frequency in the range from 100-200 MHz.
[85] Subsequently, the modelocked pulse established as described above is amplified by discharging the Pockels cell to essentially 0 volts. Oscillating laser energy is reflected between the mirrors at each end of the resonator, with essentially no losses. This laser energy therefore rapidly increases in amplitude by extracting energy previously pumped and stored in the alexandrite crystal during modelocking. When the laser energy has reached the desired energy level as indicated above, it is extracted from the resonator by applying the quarter wave voltage of 2500 volts to the Pockels cell.
[86] The switching electronics used to operate the laser in modelocked pulse and amplification modes, and finally to extract the amplified pulse as discussed above, comprise 3 MOFSET switches, two charging resistors, two coupling circuits, and three voltage sources having voltages VlOO in the range of +200 to +750 volts, V200 in the range of -900 to -1000 volts, and V300 in the range of +2000 to +2500 volts. The switches, resistors, coupling circuits, and voltage sources are configured as shown in FIG. 4.
[87] Laser energy having the pulse duration and energy as described above is applied to a patient undergoing treatment for the removal of a tattoo. This laser energy is applied over the course of a 30-minute treatment session to all areas of the skin having undesired tattoo pigment particles. Photomechanical disruption of these particles is effected using the short pulse duration (below the transit time of a sound wave through the targeted tattoo pigment particles), together with a fluence in the range of 2-4 j/cm2. This fluence is achieved with a laser energy spot diameter of about 5 mm.
[88] Most if not all of the undesired tattoo pigment particles are effectively photomechanically disrupted, destabilized, and/or broken apart using one or two treatments. As a result, the disrupted particles are cleared from the body via normal physiological processes, such as the immune response. The tattoo is thus eventually cleared from the skin with no remaining visible signs. In this manner, various methods described herein are considered methods for treating or removing pigmented particles such as tattoo particles.
Claims
1. A method for generating pulsed laser energy, the method comprising:
(a) reflecting laser energy between a first mirror at one end of a resonator and a second mirror at the opposite end of said resonator and through a polarizer and an electro- optical device within said resonator; and
(b) applying to said electro-optical device a time-dependent bias voltage, V(t), equal to the sum of a baseline voltage, V0, and a time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t), that varies periodically with a period substantially equal to the twice the time required for said laser energy to traverse the length of said resonator.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising pumping said lasing medium under pumping conditions sufficient to establish a modelocked pulse in said resonator.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said electro-optical device is positioned between said polarizer and said second mirror, said method further comprising applying to said electro- optical device a first bias voltage such that said second mirror has an effective reflectivity Retr of substantially 100%, and thereafter applying to said electro-optical device a second bias voltage such that said second mirror has an effective reflectivity Rc<r of substantially 0%, to generate said pulsed laser energy.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said baseline voltage V0 is from about 30% to about 70% of the quarter wave voltage of said electro-optical device.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said baseline voltage V0 from about 40% to about 60% of the quarter wave voltage of said electro-optical device.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t), has an amplitude from about 5% to about 35% of the quarter wave voltage of said electro-optical device.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t), has an amplitude from about 10% to about 30% of the quarter wave voltage of said electro- optical device.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said electro-optical device is a Pockels cell.
9. The method of claim 3, wherein said first bias voltage is substantially 0 and said second bias voltage is substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of said electro-optical device.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein said pulsed laser energy has at least about 100 mj/pulse.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said pulsed laser energy has from about 200 to about 800 mj/pulse.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said pulsed laser energy has a pulse duration of at most about 500 ps.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said pulsed laser energy has a pulse duration of at most about 150 ps.
14. A laser apparatus for performing the method of claim 1.
15. A laser apparatus comprising:
(a) a resonator having a first mirror at one end of said resonator and a second mirror at the opposite end of said resonator, wherein both said first mirror and said second mirror are substantially totally reflective; and
(b) a lasing medium, an electro-optical device, and a polarizer along the optical axis of said resonator; wherein said apparatus is capable of generating pulsed laser energy with pulses having a duration of at most about 500 ps and an energy of at least about 100 mj.
16: The laser apparatus of claim 15, wherein said electro-optical device is a Pockels cell.
17. A laser apparatus comprising a resonator having a first mirror at one end of said resonator and a second mirror at the opposite end of said resonator, wherein both said first mirror and said second mirror are substantially totally reflective, said resonator comprising:
(a) a lasing medium;
(b) a polarizer; and,
(c) an electro-optical device between said polarizer and said second mirror; wherein said lasing medium, said polarizer, and said electro-optical device are positioned along the optical axis of said resonator, and wherein said apparatus is capable of generating pulsed laser energy with pulses having a duration of at most about 500 ps and an energy of at least about 100 mj.
18. The laser apparatus of claim 17, wherein said electro-optical device is a Pockels cell.
19. A laser apparatus comprising:
(a) a resonator having a first mirror at one end of said resonator and a second mirror at the opposite end of said resonator, wherein both of said mirrors are substantially totally reflective;
(b) an electro-optical device and a polarizer along the optical axis of said resonator, wherein said electro-optical device is between said polarizer and said second mirror; and
(c) voltage waveform generating electronics for applying to said electro-optical device a time-dependent bias voltage, V(t), equal to the sum of a baseline voltage, Vo, and a time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t), that varies periodically with a period substantially equal to the twice the time required for said laser energy to traverse the length of said resonator.
20. The laser apparatus of claim 19, wherein said electro-optical device is a Pockels cell.
21. The laser apparatus of claim 19, wherein said voltage waveform electronics are capable of (1) initially applying said baseline voltage, V0, to said electro-optical device, prior to applying said time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t), and (2) after applying said time- dependent differential voltage, δV(t), applying to said electro-optical device a first bias voltage such that said second mirror has an effective reflectivity Refr of substantially 100%, and thereafter applying to said electro-optical device a second bias voltage such that said second mirror has an effective reflectivity Reir of substantially 0%.
22. The laser apparatus of claim 19, wherein said voltage waveform generating electronics comprise operatively connected:
(a) MOSFET switching transistors,
(b) voltage sources,
(c) charging resistors,
(d) energy storage capacitors; and
(e) coupling circuits.
23. The laser apparatus of claim 23, wherein a first voltage source has a voltage from about 30% to about 70% of the quarter wave voltage of said electro-optical device; a second voltage source has a voltage from about from about 5% to about 35% of the quarter wave voltage of said electro-optical device; and the voltage differential between the first and second voltage sources is substantially equal to the quarter wave voltage of said electro- optical device.
24. A method for treating a skin pigmentation, the method comprising exposing pigmented skin of a patient to pulsed laser energy with pulses having a duration of at most about 500 ps and an energy of at least about 100 mj, wherein said pulsed laser energy is generated according to the method of claim 1.
25. The method of claim 25, wherein said skin pigmentation is a tattoo or a birthmark.
26. A method for treating a skin pigmentation, the method comprising exposing pigmented skin of a patient to pulsed laser energy with pulses having a duration of at most about 500 ps and an energy of at least about 100 mj, wherein said pulsed laser energy is generated using the apparatus of claim 17.
27. The method of claim 27, wherein said skin pigmentation is a tattoo or a birthmark.
28. A method for removing a tattoo comprising tattoo pigment particles, the method comprising exposing said tattoo pigment particles to pulsed laser energy with pulses having a duration below about twice the acoustic transit time across said tattoo pigment particles.
29. The method of claim 29, wherein said tattoo particles have a diameter from about 1 to about 10 microns.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein said pulses have an energy of at least about 100 mj.
31. The method of claim 29, wherein said duration is at most about 500 ps.
32. The method of claim 29, wherein said pulsed laser energy is generated according to the method of claim 1.
33. The method of claim 33, wherein said pulsed laser energy is generated using the apparatus of claim 17.
34. A electronic system for applying a time-dependent bias voltage to an electro-optical device, said system comprising in operative combination:
(a) MOSFET switching transistors,
(b) voltage sources,
(c) charging resistors,
(d) energy storage capacitors, and
(e) coupling circuits, wherein opening all switches causes a baseline voltage, V0, to be applied to said electro- optical device via charging resistors, and when maintaining a first switch open, and with a second switch periodically closed and opened with a period substantially equal to the twice the time required for said laser energy to traverse the length of said resonator, a time- dependent differential voltage, 5V(t) is applied, such that the total bias voltage, V(t), applied to said electro-optical device is V0 + δV(t), and when closing a first switch and a second switch discharges said electro-optical device and when opening first and second switches and while closing a third switch applies to said electro-optical device substantially its quarter wave voltage.
35. The system of claim 35, wherein a first voltage source has a voltage from about 30% to about 70% of the quarter wave voltage of said electro-optical device; and a second voltage source 100 has a voltage from about from about 5% to about 35% of the quarter wave voltage of said electro-optical device; and a third voltage source has a voltage from about 70% to 100% of the quarter wave voltage of said electro-optical device; and the voltage differential applied to said electro-optical device is substantially equal to it's quarter wave voltage.
36. The system of claim 35, wherein said system is capable of opening and closing the first switch such that said time-dependent differential voltage, δV(t) is applied to said electro- optical device with a frequency of at least about 50 MHz.
37. The system of claim 35, wherein said electro-optical device is a Pockels cell.
38. A method for driving the Pockels cell using a plurality of switches, a high frequency transformer with switching frequency capabilities in the 100MHz range with a step up ratio of 1 :10 with and isolation voltage of about 3000V.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16163998.4A EP3086421B1 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2007-08-02 | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its use in removing skin tattoos |
EP21214044.6A EP3985810A1 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2007-08-02 | Method for the use of a picosecond laser apparatus for removing skin tattoos |
EP20155408.6A EP3667840B1 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2007-08-02 | Method for the use of a picosecond laser apparatus for removing skin pigmentation |
EP07811128.3A EP2054979B1 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2007-08-02 | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/461,812 US7586957B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2006-08-02 | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use |
US11/461,812 | 2006-08-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008016714A2 true WO2008016714A2 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
WO2008016714A3 WO2008016714A3 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
Family
ID=38997734
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2007/017536 WO2008016714A2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2007-08-02 | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US7586957B2 (en) |
EP (4) | EP3086421B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3667840T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2908330T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008016714A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010026491A2 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-11 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Procedure to remove pigmentary stains and tatoos on the skin by a solid-state dye laser system |
WO2011009467A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-27 | Bergmann Messgeräte Entwicklung Kg | Activation circuit for a pockels cell |
RU2625623C1 (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-07-17 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Альбедо" (ООО "Альбедо") | Multi-channel electro-optical modulator (versions) |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1329008C (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2007-08-01 | 帕洛玛医疗技术公司 | Method and apparatus for treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous conditions |
IL156374A0 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-01-04 | Danenberg Holdings 2000 Ltd N | Method for removing a pigmented section of skin |
US7856985B2 (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2010-12-28 | Cynosure, Inc. | Method of treatment body tissue using a non-uniform laser beam |
AU2006274530B2 (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2009-03-12 | Hawk Medical Technologies Ltd. | Eradication of pigmentation and scar tissue |
US7586957B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2009-09-08 | Cynosure, Inc | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use |
US20080086700A1 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-10 | Rodriguez Robert A | Systems and Methods for Isolating On-Screen Textual Data |
DE102008006661B3 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2009-10-22 | Deutsch Französisches Forschungsinstitut Saint Louis | Laser arrangement with phase-conjugate mirror |
EP2839552A4 (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2015-12-30 | Cynosure Inc | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for treating target tissues with same |
EP2969369B1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2022-03-09 | Cynosure, LLC | Controlled photomechanical and photothermal tissue treatment in the picosecond regime |
EP2973894A2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-01-20 | Cynosure, Inc. | Picosecond optical radiation systems and methods of use |
US9913688B1 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2018-03-13 | Cutera, Inc. | Split pulse picosecond laser for tattoo removal |
KR101651659B1 (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2016-08-30 | 한국광기술원 | System and method for quantification of pigmented skin lesion using oct |
US10737109B2 (en) | 2015-04-23 | 2020-08-11 | Cynosure, Llc | Systems and methods of unattended treatment of a subject's head or neck |
US10518104B2 (en) | 2015-04-23 | 2019-12-31 | Cynosure, Llc | Systems and methods of unattended treatment |
FI20155784A (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-03 | Cryotech Nordic Oü | Automated system for laser-assisted dermatological treatment and control procedure |
CN106237544B (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2019-04-16 | 深圳半岛医疗有限公司 | The equipment of pigment and vascular treatment is realized by low peak power laser |
US12035957B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 | 2024-07-16 | Dominion Aesthetic Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for impingement cooling |
EP3981349A3 (en) | 2016-11-22 | 2022-08-10 | Dominion Aesthetic Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for aesthetic treatment |
EP3510960A1 (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-17 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Wrinkle treatment system, and methods associated with wrinkle treatment |
WO2019165426A1 (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | Cynosure, Inc. | Q-switched cavity dumped sub-nanosecond laser |
US10855047B1 (en) | 2018-11-06 | 2020-12-01 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Passively cavity-dumped laser apparatus, system and methods |
CN110299666B (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2020-11-10 | 上海交通大学 | Anthropomorphic method for automatic mode locking under various pulse states |
US20230124345A1 (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2023-04-20 | Jeisys Medical Inc. | Laser device for skin treatment capable of adjusting wavelength of diode laser and/or duration of pulse |
KR102252412B1 (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-05-17 | (주)제이시스메디칼 | Laser apparatus for treatment of skin which can adjust the duration of pulse and change the wavelength easily |
US20210052292A1 (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-02-25 | Zlasers Ltd. | Laser shockwave system and method |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4375684A (en) | 1980-07-28 | 1983-03-01 | Jersey Nuclear-Avco Isotopes, Inc. | Laser mode locking, Q-switching and dumping system |
Family Cites Families (1302)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US853033A (en) | 1906-07-11 | 1907-05-07 | Harvey H Roberts | Portable electric-light cabinet. |
US1000000A (en) * | 1910-04-25 | 1911-08-08 | Francis H Holton | Vehicle-tire. |
AT100305B (en) | 1923-01-16 | 1925-06-25 | Rombacher Huettenwerke | Process and electric arc furnace for continuous sintering and melting of highly refractory metal oxides, rocks and the like. like |
US1590283A (en) | 1924-10-20 | 1926-06-29 | De Forest B Catlin | Therapeutic device |
BE346723A (en) | 1926-11-13 | |||
US1676183A (en) | 1927-05-03 | 1928-07-03 | Jacob N Garfunkle | Attachment for razors |
US2068721A (en) | 1932-11-18 | 1937-01-26 | Wappler Frederick Charles | Method for electrosurgical severance of adhesions |
US2472385A (en) | 1946-07-18 | 1949-06-07 | Michael A Rollman | Massage device |
US2669771A (en) | 1949-11-17 | 1954-02-23 | Gen Motors Corp | Armature coil lead staker |
FR1251424A (en) | 1959-12-10 | 1961-01-20 | D Outil De Prec Soc Et | Improvements to grinding machines |
US3327712A (en) | 1961-09-15 | 1967-06-27 | Ira H Kaufman | Photocoagulation type fiber optical surgical device |
US3261978A (en) | 1963-05-27 | 1966-07-19 | Henry S Brenman | Dental cleaning apparatus |
US3243650A (en) | 1964-01-15 | 1966-03-29 | Ralph W Hawkins | Continuous ionization of flash lamps |
US3284665A (en) | 1964-01-29 | 1966-11-08 | Edgerton Germeshausen & Grier | Multiple electrode flashlamp circuit with a gas holdoff tube in circuit with a trigger electrode adjacent the anode |
US3651425A (en) | 1964-12-22 | 1972-03-21 | Us Army | Multiple unit laser system |
US3524144A (en) | 1965-07-13 | 1970-08-11 | Us Army | Laser generator having a shock-induced narrow band illuminator |
US3465203A (en) | 1966-06-02 | 1969-09-02 | Xerox Corp | Flashlamp for electroscopic toner |
US3538919A (en) | 1967-04-07 | 1970-11-10 | Gregory System Inc | Depilation by means of laser energy |
US3527932A (en) | 1967-11-16 | 1970-09-08 | James J Thomas | Transilluminating flashlight |
US3486070A (en) | 1968-04-29 | 1969-12-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Solid-state constant power ballast for electric discharge device |
ZA6903590B (en) | 1968-05-22 | |||
US3597652A (en) | 1969-01-14 | 1971-08-03 | Eg & G Inc | Apparatus for maintaining the temperature and operating a calibrated lamp in a constant resistance mode |
GB1251424A (en) * | 1969-03-21 | 1971-10-27 | ||
US3622743A (en) | 1969-04-28 | 1971-11-23 | Hrand M Muncheryan | Laser eraser and microwelder |
US4456872A (en) | 1969-10-27 | 1984-06-26 | Bose Corporation | Current controlled two-state modulation |
US4038984A (en) | 1970-02-04 | 1977-08-02 | Electro Medical Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for high frequency electric surgery |
US3653778A (en) | 1970-04-16 | 1972-04-04 | John Robert Freiling | Applicator device for toothpaste dispensers or the like |
US3667454A (en) | 1970-06-12 | 1972-06-06 | Larry W Prince | Toothbrush with ultraviolet emitter |
US3693623A (en) | 1970-12-25 | 1972-09-26 | Gregory System Inc | Photocoagulation means and method for depilation |
US3725733A (en) | 1971-04-19 | 1973-04-03 | Us Navy | Ultrafast multiple flashlamp |
US3699967A (en) | 1971-04-30 | 1972-10-24 | Valleylab Inc | Electrosurgical generator |
US3766488A (en) | 1971-06-17 | 1973-10-16 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Dye laser with pump cavity mode matched to laser resonator |
DE2145921C2 (en) | 1971-09-14 | 1982-05-06 | Günther Dr. 8022 Grünwald Nath | Device for material processing by means of a laser beam with a flexible light guide |
US3766393A (en) * | 1971-11-22 | 1973-10-16 | Rca Corp | Optical data transmission system employing polarization-shift, multiple-cavity laser |
US3793723A (en) | 1971-12-03 | 1974-02-26 | Ultrasonic Systems | Ultrasonic replaceable shaving head and razor |
US3846811A (en) | 1972-03-29 | 1974-11-05 | Canon Kk | Flash unit for use with camera |
US3769963A (en) | 1972-03-31 | 1973-11-06 | L Goldman | Instrument for performing laser micro-surgery and diagnostic transillumination of living human tissue |
US3818914A (en) | 1972-04-17 | 1974-06-25 | Spectroderm Inc | Apparatus and method for treatment of skin disorders |
FR2199453B1 (en) | 1972-05-12 | 1974-10-25 | Busser Francis | |
US3857015A (en) | 1972-11-08 | 1974-12-24 | O Richardson | Electrically heated heat sealing implement |
US3885569A (en) | 1972-11-21 | 1975-05-27 | Birtcher Corp | Electrosurgical unit |
US3818373A (en) * | 1973-01-08 | 1974-06-18 | Gen Electric | Single pockels cell double pulsing scheme |
US3861921A (en) | 1973-01-12 | 1975-01-21 | Horst Hoffmann | Subbing layers comprising polyamide and phenolic resin for metal bases of photopolymerizable elements |
US3834391A (en) | 1973-01-19 | 1974-09-10 | Block Carol Ltd | Method and apparatus for photoepilation |
GB1458356A (en) | 1973-01-31 | 1976-12-15 | Wilkinson Sword Ltd | Shaving equipment |
US3815046A (en) * | 1973-02-07 | 1974-06-04 | Atomic Energy Commission | Synchronously driven q-switched or q-switched-mode-locked laser oscillator |
US3821510A (en) | 1973-02-22 | 1974-06-28 | H Muncheryan | Hand held laser instrumentation device |
US3794028A (en) | 1973-02-27 | 1974-02-26 | A Griffin | Method for injecting chemicals into the papilla for depilation |
US3980861A (en) | 1973-03-26 | 1976-09-14 | Akio Fukunaga | Electrically heated miniature thermal implement |
US3909649A (en) | 1973-04-05 | 1975-09-30 | Gen Electric | Electric lamp with light-diffusing coating |
US3914709A (en) | 1973-05-14 | 1975-10-21 | Jersey Nuclear Avco Isotopes | Apparatus for lengthening laser output pulse duration |
US3890537A (en) | 1974-01-02 | 1975-06-17 | Gen Electric | Solid state chopper ballast for gaseous discharge lamps |
US3977083A (en) | 1974-02-05 | 1976-08-31 | Norman Leslie | Dental instrument |
US3858577A (en) | 1974-04-05 | 1975-01-07 | Univ Southern California | Fiber optic laser light delivery system |
US3900034A (en) | 1974-04-10 | 1975-08-19 | Us Energy | Photochemical stimulation of nerves |
GB1485908A (en) | 1974-05-21 | 1977-09-14 | Nath G | Apparatus for applying light radiation |
DE2444893B2 (en) | 1974-09-19 | 1976-07-22 | Heimann Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden-Dotzheim | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR IGNITING AT LEAST ONE GAS DISCHARGE FLASHING LAMP |
CA1086172A (en) | 1975-03-14 | 1980-09-23 | Robert F. Shaw | Surgical instrument having self-regulating radiant heating of its cutting edge and method of using the same |
US4133503A (en) | 1975-08-29 | 1979-01-09 | Bliss John H | Entry, display and use of data employed to overcome aircraft control problems due to wind shear |
US4065370A (en) | 1975-11-18 | 1977-12-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of ion plating a thin metallic strip for flashlamp starting |
US4019156A (en) * | 1975-12-02 | 1977-04-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Active/passive mode-locked laser oscillator |
DE2609273A1 (en) | 1976-03-05 | 1977-09-08 | Mutzhas Maximilian F | IRRADIATION DEVICE WITH ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION SOURCE |
US4047106A (en) | 1976-06-01 | 1977-09-06 | Charles Elbert Robinson | Motor speed sensor |
US4273109A (en) | 1976-07-06 | 1981-06-16 | Cavitron Corporation | Fiber optic light delivery apparatus and medical instrument utilizing same |
US4176324A (en) | 1976-09-20 | 1979-11-27 | Jersey Nuclear-Avco Isotopes, Inc. | High performance dye laser and flow channel therefor |
JPS5389293A (en) | 1977-01-14 | 1978-08-05 | Olympus Optical Co | High frequency cauterization power supply |
US4122853A (en) | 1977-03-14 | 1978-10-31 | Spectra-Med | Infrared laser photocautery device |
US4259123A (en) | 1977-04-04 | 1981-03-31 | John Tymkewicz | Thermocouple probe-construction and mounting |
US4327729A (en) | 1977-06-27 | 1982-05-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Low-density disposable absorbent bandage having low stretch, wet strength center ply to provide improved pad integrity in use |
US4292601A (en) | 1977-06-29 | 1981-09-29 | Jersey Nuclear-Avco Isotopes, Inc. | Flashlamp excited fluid laser amplifier |
US6603988B2 (en) | 2001-04-13 | 2003-08-05 | Kelsey, Inc. | Apparatus and method for delivering ablative laser energy and determining the volume of tumor mass destroyed |
US4139342A (en) | 1977-07-18 | 1979-02-13 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Dye impregnated plastics for laser applications |
JPS6043134B2 (en) | 1977-08-25 | 1985-09-26 | 信紘 佐藤 | Device for measuring reflection characteristics of biological organs and tissues |
FR2402320A1 (en) | 1977-09-02 | 1979-03-30 | Anvar | LASER MODE SELECTOR |
US4294263A (en) | 1977-12-07 | 1981-10-13 | Air Shields, Inc. | System for detecting probe dislodgement |
US4188927A (en) | 1978-01-12 | 1980-02-19 | Valleylab, Inc. | Multiple source electrosurgical generator |
US4176327A (en) | 1978-01-25 | 1979-11-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for cavity dumping a Q-switched laser |
JPS54129791A (en) | 1978-03-31 | 1979-10-08 | Muneaki Okuyama | Strong dimming rays generator |
US4228800A (en) | 1978-04-04 | 1980-10-21 | Concept, Inc. | Bipolar electrosurgical knife |
US4254333A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1981-03-03 | Bergstroem Arne | Optoelectronic circuit element |
DE2826383A1 (en) | 1978-06-16 | 1979-12-20 | Eichler Juergen | Probe for laser surgery - is tubular and placed against or inserted in tissue, with or without heated end |
JPS6058982B2 (en) | 1978-10-13 | 1985-12-23 | 富士写真光機株式会社 | Photostimulation therapy device |
JPS5577187A (en) * | 1978-12-05 | 1980-06-10 | Toshiba Corp | Laser oscillating device |
US4313431A (en) | 1978-12-06 | 1982-02-02 | Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung | Endoscopic apparatus with a laser light conductor |
DE7906381U1 (en) | 1979-03-08 | 1979-07-12 | Richard Wolf Gmbh, 7134 Knittlingen | LIGHTING FOR OPERATIONAL AND EXAMINATION AREAS |
JPS55129327A (en) | 1979-03-28 | 1980-10-07 | Minolta Camera Co Ltd | Constant intensity light emitting strobe device |
US4269067A (en) | 1979-05-18 | 1981-05-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for focusing elastic waves converted from thermal energy |
US4302730A (en) | 1979-06-04 | 1981-11-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Cavity dumper |
DE2923583A1 (en) | 1979-06-11 | 1980-12-18 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | METHOD FOR THE IMMUNOLOGICAL DETERMINATION OF BASAL MEMBRANE MATERIAL AND NEW BASAL MEMBRANE FRAGMENTS SUITABLE FOR THIS |
JPS5625739A (en) | 1979-08-07 | 1981-03-12 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Preparation of printing plate |
FR2465213A1 (en) | 1979-09-13 | 1981-03-20 | Oreal | APPARATUS FOR DIGITAL COLORING OR COLOR MODIFICATION OF AN OBJECT |
US4293827A (en) | 1979-09-14 | 1981-10-06 | Jersey Nuclear-Avco Isotopes, Inc. | Multiwavelength dye laser |
GB2071500B (en) | 1980-02-27 | 1984-03-21 | Nath G | Coagulator |
US4336809A (en) | 1980-03-17 | 1982-06-29 | Burleigh Instruments, Inc. | Human and animal tissue photoradiation system and method |
US4333197A (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1982-06-08 | Arthur Kuris | Ultrasonic toothbrush |
JPS574007A (en) | 1980-06-07 | 1982-01-09 | Takumi Tomijima | Multiple wavelength light communication system |
US4316467A (en) | 1980-06-23 | 1982-02-23 | Lorenzo P. Maun | Control for laser hemangioma treatment system |
US4335726A (en) | 1980-07-11 | 1982-06-22 | The Kendall Company | Therapeutic device with temperature and pressure control |
US4428368A (en) | 1980-09-29 | 1984-01-31 | Masakatsu Torii | Massage device |
US4435808A (en) | 1981-01-22 | 1984-03-06 | Ali Javan | Production of radiation at frequencies of preselected absorbing resonances and methods using same |
FR2498927A1 (en) | 1981-02-05 | 1982-08-06 | Javelle Edmond | APPARATUS FOR HANDLING THE ENERGY CIRCULATING IN THE MERIDIENS OF THE HUMAN BODY |
US4364015A (en) | 1981-03-12 | 1982-12-14 | Jersey Nuclear-Avco Isotopes, Inc. | Compact reservoir system for dye lasers |
US4388924A (en) | 1981-05-21 | 1983-06-21 | Weissman Howard R | Method for laser depilation |
HU186081B (en) | 1981-09-02 | 1985-05-28 | Fenyo Marta | Process and apparatus for stimulating healing of pathologic points on the surface of the body first of all of wounds, ulcera and other epithelial lesions |
US4559943A (en) | 1981-09-03 | 1985-12-24 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Electrosurgical generator |
US4445217A (en) | 1981-11-09 | 1984-04-24 | International Laser Systems, Inc. | Laser apparatus and method |
JPS5884482A (en) | 1981-11-13 | 1983-05-20 | Toshiba Corp | Pulse laser device |
JPS5886178A (en) | 1981-11-18 | 1983-05-23 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Laser medical apparatus |
US4409479A (en) | 1981-12-03 | 1983-10-11 | Xerox Corporation | Optical cursor control device |
US4461294A (en) | 1982-01-20 | 1984-07-24 | Baron Neville A | Apparatus and process for recurving the cornea of an eye |
US4555786A (en) | 1982-06-24 | 1985-11-26 | Board Of Trustees Of Leland Stanford, Jr. University | High power solid state laser |
GB2123287B (en) | 1982-07-09 | 1986-03-05 | Anna Gunilla Sutton | Depilaton device |
US4489415A (en) | 1982-07-12 | 1984-12-18 | General Electric Company | Pulse pumping an optically pumped laser |
US5363463A (en) | 1982-08-06 | 1994-11-08 | Kleinerman Marcos Y | Remote sensing of physical variables with fiber optic systems |
US5928222A (en) | 1982-08-06 | 1999-07-27 | Kleinerman; Marcos Y. | Fiber optic sensing techniques in laser medicine |
US4889525A (en) | 1982-08-17 | 1989-12-26 | Adamantech, Inc. | Sensitization of hypoxic tumor cells and control of growth thereof |
AU553836B2 (en) | 1982-08-27 | 1986-07-31 | Alistair Joseph Blake | Lamp for irradiating tumours |
US4452081A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1984-06-05 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Measurement of velocity and tissue temperature by ultrasound |
AU555410B2 (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1986-09-25 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Removing salt impurities from sugar syrup or molasses |
US4556979A (en) | 1982-11-08 | 1985-12-03 | University Of California | Piezoelectrically tuned short cavity dye laser |
US4566271A (en) | 1982-12-01 | 1986-01-28 | Lucas Industries Public Limited Company | Engine systems |
US4784135A (en) | 1982-12-09 | 1988-11-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Far ultraviolet surgical and dental procedures |
US4813412A (en) | 1982-12-28 | 1989-03-21 | Ya-Man Ltd. | Automatic system for an epilator device |
US4504727A (en) | 1982-12-30 | 1985-03-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Laser drilling system utilizing photoacoustic feedback |
GB8302997D0 (en) | 1983-02-03 | 1983-03-09 | Bergstrom A | Electromagnetic radiation circuit element |
DE3304230A1 (en) | 1983-02-08 | 1984-08-16 | ams Automatische Meß- und Steuerungstechnik GmbH, 8572 Auerbach | RADIATION DEVICE |
US4576177A (en) | 1983-02-18 | 1986-03-18 | Webster Wilton W Jr | Catheter for removing arteriosclerotic plaque |
US5527368C1 (en) | 1983-03-11 | 2001-05-08 | Norton Co | Coated abrasives with rapidly curable adhesives |
US4524289A (en) | 1983-04-11 | 1985-06-18 | Xerox Corporation | Flash lamp power supply with reduced capacitance requirements |
US4601753A (en) | 1983-05-05 | 1986-07-22 | General Electric Company | Powdered iron core magnetic devices |
US4591762A (en) | 1983-05-31 | 1986-05-27 | Olympus Optical, Co. | Electronic flash |
US4662368A (en) | 1983-06-13 | 1987-05-05 | Trimedyne Laser Systems, Inc. | Localized heat applying medical device |
US4773413A (en) | 1983-06-13 | 1988-09-27 | Trimedyne Laser Systems, Inc. | Localized heat applying medical device |
US4503854A (en) | 1983-06-16 | 1985-03-12 | Jako Geza J | Laser surgery |
GB8320639D0 (en) | 1983-07-30 | 1983-09-01 | Emi Plc Thorn | Incandescent lamps |
JPS60123818A (en) | 1983-12-08 | 1985-07-02 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Optical transmitter |
US4512197A (en) | 1983-09-01 | 1985-04-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Apparatus for generating a focusable and scannable ultrasonic beam for non-destructive examination |
US4608978A (en) | 1983-09-26 | 1986-09-02 | Carol Block Limited | Method and apparatus for photoepiltion |
US5140984A (en) | 1983-10-06 | 1992-08-25 | Proclosure, Inc. | Laser healing method and apparatus |
US5409479A (en) | 1983-10-06 | 1995-04-25 | Premier Laser Systems, Inc. | Method for closing tissue wounds using radiative energy beams |
US4862888A (en) | 1983-10-28 | 1989-09-05 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Laser system |
US5108388B1 (en) | 1983-12-15 | 2000-09-19 | Visx Inc | Laser surgery method |
JPS60148566A (en) | 1984-01-13 | 1985-08-05 | 株式会社東芝 | Laser treatment apparatus |
JPS60148567A (en) | 1984-01-13 | 1985-08-05 | 株式会社東芝 | Laser treatment apparatus |
US4608979A (en) | 1984-02-22 | 1986-09-02 | Washington Research Foundation | Apparatus for the noninvasive shock fragmentation of renal calculi |
US4569345A (en) | 1984-02-29 | 1986-02-11 | Aspen Laboratories, Inc. | High output electrosurgical unit |
US4724835A (en) | 1984-03-06 | 1988-02-16 | Pain Suppression Labs, Inc. | Laser therapeutic device |
US4587968A (en) | 1984-03-19 | 1986-05-13 | Price David R | Electric emasculator and method for castrating |
US4592353A (en) | 1984-05-22 | 1986-06-03 | Surgical Laser Technologies Ohio, Inc. | Medical and surgical laser probe |
US4693244A (en) | 1984-05-22 | 1987-09-15 | Surgical Laser Technologies, Inc. | Medical and surgical laser probe I |
US4601037A (en) | 1984-06-13 | 1986-07-15 | Britt Corporation | Pulsed laser system |
IL75998A0 (en) | 1984-08-07 | 1985-12-31 | Medical Laser Research & Dev C | Laser system for providing target tissue specific energy deposition |
US4848339A (en) | 1984-09-17 | 1989-07-18 | Xintec Corporation | Laser heated intravascular cautery cap assembly |
US4994060A (en) | 1984-09-17 | 1991-02-19 | Xintec Corporation | Laser heated cautery cap with transparent substrate |
US4566438A (en) | 1984-10-05 | 1986-01-28 | Liese Grover J | Fiber-optic stylet for needle tip localization |
US4799479A (en) | 1984-10-24 | 1989-01-24 | The Beth Israel Hospital Association | Method and apparatus for angioplasty |
WO1986002783A1 (en) | 1984-10-25 | 1986-05-09 | Candela Corporation | Long pulse tunable dye laser |
US4677347A (en) | 1984-10-26 | 1987-06-30 | Olympus Optical, Co., Ltd. | Electronic flash |
US4656641A (en) | 1985-02-04 | 1987-04-07 | Xerox Corporation | Laser cavity optical system for stabilizing the beam from a phase locked multi-emitter broad emitter laser |
US4638800A (en) | 1985-02-08 | 1987-01-27 | Research Physics, Inc | Laser beam surgical system |
US5104392A (en) | 1985-03-22 | 1992-04-14 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Laser spectro-optic imaging for diagnosis and treatment of diseased tissue |
US4913142A (en) | 1985-03-22 | 1990-04-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Catheter for laser angiosurgery |
US5192278A (en) | 1985-03-22 | 1993-03-09 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Multi-fiber plug for a laser catheter |
US5318024A (en) | 1985-03-22 | 1994-06-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Laser endoscope for spectroscopic imaging |
JP2615006B2 (en) | 1985-03-26 | 1997-05-28 | 富士写真光機 株式会社 | Laser beam side fiber |
US4819669A (en) | 1985-03-29 | 1989-04-11 | Politzer Eugene J | Method and apparatus for shaving the beard |
US5346488A (en) | 1985-04-08 | 1994-09-13 | The General Hospital Corporation | Laser-induced ablation of atherosclerotic plaque |
US4887600A (en) | 1986-04-22 | 1989-12-19 | The General Hospital Corporation | Use of lasers to break down objects |
US4623929A (en) | 1985-05-03 | 1986-11-18 | Eastman Kodak Company | Flash tube simmer circuitry for a film video player electronic strobe light |
US4862886A (en) | 1985-05-08 | 1989-09-05 | Summit Technology Inc. | Laser angioplasty |
US4693556A (en) | 1985-06-04 | 1987-09-15 | Laser Therapeutics, Inc. | Apparatus for producing a spherical pattern of light and method of manufacture |
US4917084A (en) | 1985-07-31 | 1990-04-17 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Infrared laser catheter system |
US5196004A (en) | 1985-07-31 | 1993-03-23 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Infrared laser catheter system |
EP0214712B1 (en) | 1985-07-31 | 1992-09-02 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Infrared laser catheter apparatus |
US4976709A (en) | 1988-12-15 | 1990-12-11 | Sand Bruce J | Method for collagen treatment |
US5484432A (en) | 1985-09-27 | 1996-01-16 | Laser Biotech, Inc. | Collagen treatment apparatus |
US5137530A (en) | 1985-09-27 | 1992-08-11 | Sand Bruce J | Collagen treatment apparatus |
GB2184021A (en) | 1985-12-13 | 1987-06-17 | Micra Ltd | Laser treatment apparatus for port wine stains |
US4695697A (en) | 1985-12-13 | 1987-09-22 | Gv Medical, Inc. | Fiber tip monitoring and protection assembly |
US4910438A (en) | 1985-12-17 | 1990-03-20 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Wide band, high efficiency simmer power supply for a laser flashlamp |
FR2591902B1 (en) | 1985-12-23 | 1989-06-30 | Collin Yvon | EXTERNAL LASER THERAPY APPARATUS HAVING ONE OR MORE LASER DIODES IN SUCTION CUPS |
US4791927A (en) | 1985-12-26 | 1988-12-20 | Allied Corporation | Dual-wavelength laser scalpel background of the invention |
JPS62165985A (en) | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-22 | Nec Corp | Laser oscillator stabilized at diverging angle of laser beam |
US4735201A (en) | 1986-01-30 | 1988-04-05 | The Beth Israel Hospital Association | Optical fiber with detachable metallic tip for intravascular laser coagulation of arteries, veins, aneurysms, vascular malformations and arteriovenous fistulas |
US4759349A (en) | 1986-02-24 | 1988-07-26 | Vitalmetrics, Inc. | Surgical instrument having a heat sink for irrigation, aspiration, and illumination |
US4871479A (en) | 1986-03-25 | 1989-10-03 | Comurhex Societe Pour La Conversion De L'uranium En Metal Et Hexafluorure | Process for producing sintered mixed oxides which are soluble in nitric acid from solutions of nitrates |
US4775361A (en) | 1986-04-10 | 1988-10-04 | The General Hospital Corporation | Controlled removal of human stratum corneum by pulsed laser to enhance percutaneous transport |
US5336217A (en) | 1986-04-24 | 1994-08-09 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Insepm) | Process for treatment by irradiating an area of a body, and treatment apparatus usable in dermatology for the treatment of cutaneous angio dysplasias |
CS258312B1 (en) | 1986-04-28 | 1988-08-16 | Karel Hamal | Laser's resonator with radiation frequency change |
FR2597744A1 (en) | 1986-04-29 | 1987-10-30 | Boussignac Georges | CARDIO-VASCULAR CATHETER FOR LASER SHOOTING |
US4736743A (en) | 1986-05-12 | 1988-04-12 | Surgical Laser Technology, Inc. | Vaporization contact laser probe |
JPS6397175A (en) | 1986-10-15 | 1988-04-27 | 森 敬 | Light irradiation apparatus for emitting tooth germ treating light |
DE3719561C2 (en) | 1986-06-12 | 1998-12-10 | Morita Mfg | Medical light irradiation handpiece |
US4736745A (en) | 1986-06-27 | 1988-04-12 | University Of Cincinnati | Laser treatment of cancerization of the oral cavity and apparatus for use therewith |
KR900005856B1 (en) | 1986-06-30 | 1990-08-13 | 가부시끼가이샤 니혼 이요 레이저 겡뀨쇼 | Semiconductor laser therapeutic apparatus |
JPS6323648A (en) | 1986-07-17 | 1988-01-30 | 工業技術院長 | Light source device for cancer diagnostic or remedy apparatus |
US4926227A (en) | 1986-08-01 | 1990-05-15 | Nanometrics Inc. | Sensor devices with internal packaged coolers |
JPH0744141B2 (en) | 1987-09-22 | 1995-05-15 | 株式会社ニコン | Lighting optics |
US4741338A (en) | 1986-10-06 | 1988-05-03 | Toshiaki Miyamae | Thermoelectric physical remedy apparatus |
US5041109A (en) | 1986-10-27 | 1991-08-20 | University Of Florida | Laser apparatus for the recanalization of vessels and the treatment of other cardiac conditions |
US4860743A (en) | 1986-10-27 | 1989-08-29 | University Of Florida | Laser method and apparatus for the recanalization of vessels and the treatment of other cardiac conditions |
EP0268019A1 (en) | 1986-11-13 | 1988-05-25 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Apparatus for disintegrating a fluid-suspended solid body |
US4952771A (en) | 1986-12-18 | 1990-08-28 | Aesculap Ag | Process for cutting a material by means of a laser beam |
US4779173A (en) | 1986-12-24 | 1988-10-18 | Carr Charlie O | Illuminated brush device |
US4840563A (en) | 1987-02-26 | 1989-06-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Dental equipment having means for delivering RF and LF energy to a dental handpiece |
US5057099A (en) | 1987-02-27 | 1991-10-15 | Xintec Corporation | Method for laser surgery |
US5092865A (en) | 1987-02-27 | 1992-03-03 | Xintec Corporation | Optical fiber fault detector |
JPS63216579A (en) | 1987-03-05 | 1988-09-08 | 大工園 則雄 | Laser beam irradiation apparatus for hyperthermia |
JPS63249577A (en) | 1987-04-06 | 1988-10-17 | 浜理薬品工業株式会社 | Permanent hair removing method, preparation and device |
DE8705296U1 (en) | 1987-04-09 | 1988-08-04 | Heimann Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden | Infrared detector |
US4749913A (en) | 1987-04-17 | 1988-06-07 | General Electric Company | Operating circuit for a direct current discharge lamp |
US4901323A (en) | 1987-05-01 | 1990-02-13 | Universities Research Association, Inc. | Laser pulse stretcher method and apparatus |
US4745909A (en) | 1987-05-15 | 1988-05-24 | Pelton Robert J | Cold massage tool and method of use thereof |
JPS6427554A (en) | 1987-07-22 | 1989-01-30 | Morita Mfg | Medical laser irradiation apparatus |
JPH01178256A (en) | 1988-01-05 | 1989-07-14 | Hideo Suyama | Electronic toothbrush |
EP0311295A3 (en) | 1987-10-07 | 1990-02-28 | University College London | Improvements in surgical apparatus |
US4862903A (en) | 1987-10-09 | 1989-09-05 | U.S. Divers Company, Inc. | Breathing mouthpiece for contacting upper palate and lower jaw of user's mouth |
JPH0199574A (en) | 1987-10-13 | 1989-04-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Medical equipment with semiconductor laser |
US4860744A (en) | 1987-11-02 | 1989-08-29 | Raj K. Anand | Thermoelectrically controlled heat medical catheter |
IL84367A (en) | 1987-11-04 | 1994-02-27 | Amcor Ltd | Apparatus for use in radiation therapy |
US4930504A (en) | 1987-11-13 | 1990-06-05 | Diamantopoulos Costas A | Device for biostimulation of tissue and method for treatment of tissue |
US4845608A (en) | 1987-12-21 | 1989-07-04 | General Electric Company | Digital speed controller using a single-chip microcontroller |
JPH01181877A (en) | 1988-01-14 | 1989-07-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Laser medical treatment device |
US4860172A (en) | 1988-01-19 | 1989-08-22 | Biotronics Associates, Inc. | Lamp-based laser simulator |
US5112328A (en) | 1988-01-25 | 1992-05-12 | Refractive Laser Research & Development Program, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for laser surgery |
US4931053A (en) | 1988-01-27 | 1990-06-05 | L'esperance Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhanced vascular or other growth |
US4898439A (en) | 1988-02-10 | 1990-02-06 | Kei Mori | Light radiation device for use in medical treatment |
US4813762A (en) | 1988-02-11 | 1989-03-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Coherent beam combining of lasers using microlenses and diffractive coupling |
US4977571A (en) | 1988-03-29 | 1990-12-11 | Candela Laser Corporation | Dye laser solution circulation system |
US4955882A (en) | 1988-03-30 | 1990-09-11 | Hakky Said I | Laser resectoscope with mechanical and laser cutting means |
US5061266A (en) | 1988-03-30 | 1991-10-29 | Hakky Said I | Laser resectoscope and method |
US5201731A (en) | 1988-03-30 | 1993-04-13 | Hakky Said I | Laser resectoscope with ultransonic imaging means |
EP0413025A4 (en) | 1988-06-04 | 1991-05-22 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd | Laser-aided intravascular operation equipment |
US5242437A (en) | 1988-06-10 | 1993-09-07 | Trimedyne Laser Systems, Inc. | Medical device applying localized high intensity light and heat, particularly for destruction of the endometrium |
US4891817A (en) | 1988-06-13 | 1990-01-02 | Eastman Kodak Company | Pulsed dye laser apparatus for high PRF operation |
JPH022199A (en) | 1988-06-14 | 1990-01-08 | Toshiba Corp | Dye circulator of dye laser |
DE8807746U1 (en) | 1988-06-15 | 1988-09-29 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn | Device for generating a laser light beam |
JPH0213479A (en) | 1988-07-01 | 1990-01-17 | Takashi Mori | Light radiation device for medical therapy |
JPH0213014U (en) | 1988-07-11 | 1990-01-26 | ||
US4884560A (en) | 1988-07-11 | 1989-12-05 | Kuracina Thomas C | Thermal massage device |
GB8816648D0 (en) | 1988-07-13 | 1988-08-17 | Rowland A C | Light delivery system |
US4890898A (en) | 1988-08-18 | 1990-01-02 | Hgm Medical Laser Systems, Inc. | Composite microsize optical fiber-electric lead cable |
US5037421A (en) | 1989-10-06 | 1991-08-06 | Coherent, Inc., Medical Group | Mid-infrared laser arthroscopic procedure |
US4878224A (en) | 1988-09-16 | 1989-10-31 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Dye lasers |
JPH0285694A (en) | 1988-09-20 | 1990-03-27 | Nippon Sanso Kk | Plate-fin type heat exchanger |
JPH0288080A (en) | 1988-09-26 | 1990-03-28 | Takashi Mori | Light irradiation medical curing tool |
US4928038A (en) | 1988-09-26 | 1990-05-22 | General Electric Company | Power control circuit for discharge lamp and method of operating same |
US5191883A (en) | 1988-10-28 | 1993-03-09 | Prutech Research And Development Partnership Ii | Device for heating tissue in a patient's body |
DE3837248A1 (en) | 1988-10-28 | 1990-05-03 | Teichmann Heinrich Otto Dr Phy | Device for treating skin lesions |
EP0368512A3 (en) | 1988-11-10 | 1990-08-08 | Premier Laser Systems, Inc. | Multiwavelength medical laser system |
DE3841503A1 (en) | 1988-12-09 | 1990-06-28 | Wrobel Walter G Dr | Method and device for removing dental tissue |
JP2683565B2 (en) | 1988-12-12 | 1997-12-03 | 則雄 大工園 | Laser light transmitting body and method of manufacturing the same |
JPH02174804A (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1990-07-06 | Hiroshi Fukuba | Toothbrush device of mouth lightening type |
US4860303A (en) | 1989-01-17 | 1989-08-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Double-sided co-axial laser |
JP2592791B2 (en) | 1989-01-31 | 1997-03-19 | 株式会社サンギ | Electronic toothbrush |
US5006293A (en) | 1989-02-02 | 1991-04-09 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Process for forming flat plate ballistic resistant materials |
JP2779825B2 (en) | 1989-02-15 | 1998-07-23 | 則雄 大工園 | Laser light emitting device |
US5425735A (en) | 1989-02-22 | 1995-06-20 | Psi Medical Products, Inc. | Shielded tip catheter for lithotripsy |
EP0387753A1 (en) | 1989-03-17 | 1990-09-19 | Schott Glaswerke | Method and apparatus to protect the proximal coupling side of laser catheters |
US4945239A (en) | 1989-03-29 | 1990-07-31 | Center For Innovative Technology | Early detection of breast cancer using transillumination |
US5207576A (en) | 1989-04-07 | 1993-05-04 | American Dental Laser, Inc. | Dental laser assembly with dual lasers |
US5421337A (en) | 1989-04-14 | 1995-06-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Spectral diagnosis of diseased tissue |
US5009658A (en) | 1989-04-14 | 1991-04-23 | Karl Storz Endoscopy-America, Inc. | Dual frequency laser lithotripter |
US5263951A (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1993-11-23 | Kerus Medical Systems | Correction of the optical focusing system of the eye using laser thermal keratoplasty |
US5180378A (en) | 1989-04-24 | 1993-01-19 | Abiomed, Inc. | Laser surgery system |
JPH02285694A (en) | 1989-04-26 | 1990-11-22 | Toshiba Corp | Dye laser |
ATE139902T1 (en) | 1989-05-03 | 1996-07-15 | Medical Technologies Inc Enter | INSTRUMENT FOR THE INTRALUMINAL RELIEF OF STENOSES |
CN2053926U (en) | 1989-05-06 | 1990-03-07 | 李杰生 | Radiation treatment apparatus |
US5486172A (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1996-01-23 | Chess; Cyrus | Apparatus for treating cutaneous vascular lesions |
US5057104A (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1991-10-15 | Cyrus Chess | Method and apparatus for treating cutaneous vascular lesions |
US4896329A (en) | 1989-06-01 | 1990-01-23 | Exciton Incorporated | Laser dye liquids, laser dye instruments and methods |
US5152759A (en) | 1989-06-07 | 1992-10-06 | University Of Miami, School Of Medicine, Dept. Of Ophthalmology | Noncontact laser microsurgical apparatus |
US5207673A (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1993-05-04 | Premier Laser Systems, Inc. | Fiber optic apparatus for use with medical lasers |
JPH0316956A (en) | 1989-06-14 | 1991-01-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Production of oxide superconductor |
JPH0319385A (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1991-01-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Dye laser device |
JP2752439B2 (en) | 1989-06-20 | 1998-05-18 | 株式会社リコー | Image output method |
US5011483A (en) | 1989-06-26 | 1991-04-30 | Dennis Sleister | Combined electrosurgery and laser beam delivery device |
JPH0627172Y2 (en) | 1989-07-04 | 1994-07-27 | 東京医研株式会社 | Infrared treatment device for physical examination |
FR2650196B1 (en) | 1989-07-06 | 1991-12-06 | Technomed Internat | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REGENERATING A DYE SOLUTION IN A DILUENT, IN PARTICULAR A DYE SOLUTION FOR A DYE LASER |
US4973848A (en) | 1989-07-28 | 1990-11-27 | J. Mccaughan | Laser apparatus for concurrent analysis and treatment |
US5955490A (en) | 1989-07-28 | 1999-09-21 | Queen's University At Kingston | Photochemotherapeutic method using 5-aminolevulinic acid and other precursors of endogenous porphyrins |
JP2854027B2 (en) | 1989-08-03 | 1999-02-03 | ヤーマン株式会社 | Light hair removal device |
JPH0373106A (en) | 1989-08-14 | 1991-03-28 | Omron Corp | Optical medical toothbrush |
EP0487633A4 (en) | 1989-08-17 | 1993-10-20 | Surgical Laser Products, Inc. | Integral end structure for medical laser waveguide |
JP2882814B2 (en) | 1989-08-24 | 1999-04-12 | 株式会社エス・エル・ティ・ジャパン | Laser irradiation equipment |
JP3069108B2 (en) | 1989-09-01 | 2000-07-24 | 株式会社エス・エル・ティ・ジャパン | Laser light emitting device |
JP3046315B2 (en) | 1989-09-05 | 2000-05-29 | 株式会社エス・エル・ティ・ジャパン | Laser irradiation equipment |
US4972427A (en) | 1989-09-14 | 1990-11-20 | Spectra Diode Laboratories, Inc. | Talbot cavity diode laser with uniform single-mode output |
US5182557A (en) | 1989-09-20 | 1993-01-26 | Semborg Recrob, Corp. | Motorized joystick |
US4992256A (en) | 1989-09-27 | 1991-02-12 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Plaque disclosing compositions |
US5027359A (en) | 1989-10-30 | 1991-06-25 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Miniature Talbot cavity for lateral mode control of laser array |
US5404001A (en) | 1992-10-08 | 1995-04-04 | Bard; Simon | Fiber optic barcode reader |
DE3936367A1 (en) | 1989-11-02 | 1991-05-08 | Simon Pal | SHAVER |
US5129896A (en) | 1989-11-13 | 1992-07-14 | Hasson Harrith M | Holder to facilitate use of a laser in surgical procedures |
US5369496A (en) | 1989-11-13 | 1994-11-29 | Research Foundation Of City College Of New York | Noninvasive method and apparatus for characterizing biological materials |
US4979180A (en) | 1989-11-24 | 1990-12-18 | Muncheryan Arthur M | Modular interchangeable laser system |
GB2239675A (en) | 1989-12-05 | 1991-07-10 | Man Fai Shiu | Pump for pumping liquid |
JPH03183184A (en) | 1989-12-13 | 1991-08-09 | Toshiba Corp | Monitor for dye deterioration of ring dye laser oscillator |
FR2655849B1 (en) | 1989-12-19 | 1997-10-31 | Raymond Bontemps | LOCAL CRYOGENIC DEVICE FOR MASSAGE OF THE SKIN. |
JP3148216B2 (en) | 1990-01-22 | 2001-03-19 | 株式会社エス・エル・ティ・ジャパン | Treatment equipment by laser beam irradiation |
US5261904A (en) | 1990-01-30 | 1993-11-16 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Laser catheter having diffraction grating for beam shaping |
US5032178A (en) | 1990-02-02 | 1991-07-16 | Demetron Research Corporation | Dental composition system and method for bleaching teeth |
GB2242307B (en) | 1990-02-09 | 1994-09-07 | Omega Universal Tech Ltd | Laser probe for biomodulation of tissue nerve and immune systems |
US4976308A (en) | 1990-02-21 | 1990-12-11 | Wright State University | Thermal energy storage heat exchanger |
US5102410A (en) | 1990-02-26 | 1992-04-07 | Dressel Thomas D | Soft tissue cutting aspiration device and method |
AU7463991A (en) | 1990-03-14 | 1991-10-10 | Candela Laser Corporation | Apparatus and method of treating pigmented lesions using pulsed irradiation |
US5147353A (en) | 1990-03-23 | 1992-09-15 | Myriadlase, Inc. | Medical method for applying high energy light and heat for gynecological sterilization procedures |
JPH03281390A (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-12 | Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd | Plate material for planographic printing |
SE465953B (en) | 1990-04-09 | 1991-11-25 | Morgan Gustafsson | DEVICE FOR TREATMENT OF UNDESECTED EXTERNAL ACCOMMODATIONS |
US5059192A (en) | 1990-04-24 | 1991-10-22 | Nardo Zaias | Method of hair depilation |
US5071416A (en) | 1990-05-02 | 1991-12-10 | Metalaser Technologies, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for laser-assisted therapy |
US5080660A (en) | 1990-05-11 | 1992-01-14 | Applied Urology, Inc. | Electrosurgical electrode |
JP2917413B2 (en) | 1990-05-23 | 1999-07-12 | ソニー株式会社 | Solid state laser oscillator |
US5060243A (en) | 1990-05-29 | 1991-10-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Ripple counter with reverse-propagated zero detection |
GB9011998D0 (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1990-07-18 | Omega Universal Tech Ltd | A device and method for laser photothermotherapy |
US5725522A (en) | 1990-06-15 | 1998-03-10 | Rare Earth Medical, Inc. | Laser suturing of biological materials |
US5071417A (en) | 1990-06-15 | 1991-12-10 | Rare Earth Medical Lasers, Inc. | Laser fusion of biological materials |
AU642266B2 (en) | 1990-06-25 | 1993-10-14 | Kevin John Bourke | Method and apparatus for dental treatment |
US5197470A (en) | 1990-07-16 | 1993-03-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Near infrared diagnostic method and instrument |
US5046494A (en) | 1990-08-27 | 1991-09-10 | John Searfoss | Phototherapy method |
US5312396A (en) | 1990-09-06 | 1994-05-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Pulsed laser system for the surgical removal of tissue |
DE4032860A1 (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1992-04-16 | Zeiss Carl Fa | POWER-CONTROLLED CONTACT APPLICATOR FOR LASER RADIATION |
DE4032471C2 (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1997-02-06 | Delma Elektro Med App | Electrosurgical device |
US5472748A (en) | 1990-10-15 | 1995-12-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Permanent laser conditioning of thin film optical materials |
US5190541A (en) | 1990-10-17 | 1993-03-02 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Surgical instrument and method |
US5354324A (en) | 1990-10-18 | 1994-10-11 | The General Hospital Corporation | Laser induced platelet inhibition |
US5269777A (en) | 1990-11-01 | 1993-12-14 | Pdt Systems, Inc. | Diffusion tip for optical fibers |
US5257991A (en) | 1990-11-15 | 1993-11-02 | Laserscope | Instrumentation for directing light at an angle |
US5549660A (en) | 1990-11-15 | 1996-08-27 | Amron, Ltd. | Method of treating acne |
US5109387A (en) | 1990-12-26 | 1992-04-28 | Garden Jerome M | Dye laser system and method |
US5056515A (en) | 1991-01-04 | 1991-10-15 | Abel Elaine R | Tracheostomy tube assembly |
DE4100442C2 (en) | 1991-01-09 | 1994-02-10 | Texas Instruments Deutschland | Arrangement for monitoring operating parameters of pneumatic tires of a vehicle mounted on wheel rims |
US5090019A (en) | 1991-01-10 | 1992-02-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Laser diode-pumped tunable solid state laser |
US5488626A (en) | 1991-01-14 | 1996-01-30 | Light Age, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for pumping of transition metal ion containing solid state lasers using diode laser sources |
US5065515A (en) | 1991-01-24 | 1991-11-19 | Warner-Lambert Company | Thermally assisted shaving system |
US6405072B1 (en) | 1991-01-28 | 2002-06-11 | Sherwood Services Ag | Apparatus and method for determining a location of an anatomical target with reference to a medical apparatus |
US5300097A (en) | 1991-02-13 | 1994-04-05 | Lerner Ethan A | Fiber optic psoriasis treatment device |
US5132980A (en) | 1991-02-13 | 1992-07-21 | Coherent, Inc. | Method and device for preconditioning a laser having a solid state gain medium |
US5163935A (en) | 1991-02-20 | 1992-11-17 | Reliant Laser Corporation | Surgical laser endoscopic focusing guide with an optical fiber link |
DE9102407U1 (en) | 1991-02-28 | 1991-07-11 | Mink, Mathias, 7570 Baden-Baden | Hairbrush with handle and head |
IL97531A (en) | 1991-03-12 | 1995-12-31 | Kelman Elliot | Hair cutting apparatus |
US5492894A (en) | 1991-03-21 | 1996-02-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions for treating wrinkles comprising a peptide |
US5369831A (en) | 1991-03-25 | 1994-12-06 | Sonex International Corporation | Therapeutic ultrasonic toothbrush |
US5207671A (en) | 1991-04-02 | 1993-05-04 | Franken Peter A | Laser debridement of wounds |
US5147356A (en) | 1991-04-16 | 1992-09-15 | Microsurge, Inc. | Surgical instrument |
US5242438A (en) | 1991-04-22 | 1993-09-07 | Trimedyne, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treating a body site with laterally directed laser radiation |
GB9108777D0 (en) | 1991-04-24 | 1991-06-12 | Vuman Ltd | A dermatological laser |
US6485413B1 (en) | 1991-04-29 | 2002-11-26 | The General Hospital Corporation | Methods and apparatus for forward-directed optical scanning instruments |
US5300063A (en) | 1991-05-11 | 1994-04-05 | Nidek Co., Ltd. | Ophthalmic laser apparatus |
US5140608A (en) | 1991-05-29 | 1992-08-18 | Optrotech Ltd, Israel Company | Optical system for focusing a light beam on to an image plane |
DE4118610A1 (en) | 1991-06-06 | 1992-12-10 | Siemens Ag | Coupling device for introducing acoustic waves into the body of a living being |
US5484436A (en) | 1991-06-07 | 1996-01-16 | Hemostatic Surgery Corporation | Bi-polar electrosurgical instruments and methods of making |
JP3274691B2 (en) | 1991-06-14 | 2002-04-15 | 並木精密宝石株式会社 | Manufacturing method of optical fiber terminal with micro lens |
RU2122848C1 (en) | 1991-06-24 | 1998-12-10 | Учебно-научно-производственный лазерный центр Санкт-Петербургского института точной механики и оптики | Reflexotherapy device |
US5249192A (en) | 1991-06-27 | 1993-09-28 | Laserscope | Multiple frequency medical laser |
US5320620A (en) | 1991-07-01 | 1994-06-14 | Laser Centers Of America | Laser surgical device with blunt flat-sided energy-delivery element |
DE4122219A1 (en) | 1991-07-04 | 1993-01-07 | Delma Elektro Med App | ELECTRO-SURGICAL TREATMENT INSTRUMENT |
US5474549A (en) | 1991-07-09 | 1995-12-12 | Laserscope | Method and system for scanning a laser beam for controlled distribution of laser dosage |
US5178617A (en) | 1991-07-09 | 1993-01-12 | Laserscope | System for controlled distribution of laser dosage |
US5331649A (en) | 1991-07-10 | 1994-07-19 | Alson Surgical, Inc. | Multiple wavelength laser system |
US5159601A (en) | 1991-07-17 | 1992-10-27 | General Instrument Corporation | Method for producing a tunable erbium fiber laser |
US5217455A (en) | 1991-08-12 | 1993-06-08 | Tan Oon T | Laser treatment method for removing pigmentations, lesions, and abnormalities from the skin of a living human |
JP2754964B2 (en) | 1991-08-13 | 1998-05-20 | 日本電気株式会社 | Multi-pole connector mating structure |
US5254114A (en) | 1991-08-14 | 1993-10-19 | Coherent, Inc. | Medical laser delivery system with internally reflecting probe and method |
US5370649A (en) | 1991-08-16 | 1994-12-06 | Myriadlase, Inc. | Laterally reflecting tip for laser transmitting fiber |
US5225926A (en) | 1991-09-04 | 1993-07-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Durable optical elements fabricated from free standing polycrystalline diamond and non-hydrogenated amorphous diamond like carbon (dlc) thin films |
US5267399A (en) | 1991-09-09 | 1993-12-07 | Johnston William A | Implement for simultaneous skin chilling and chilled gel application |
US5171564A (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1992-12-15 | Colgate-Palmolive | Aqueous tooth whitening dentifrice |
US5370642A (en) | 1991-09-25 | 1994-12-06 | Keller; Gregory S. | Method of laser cosmetic surgery |
AU2414392A (en) | 1991-09-26 | 1993-04-27 | Warner-Lambert Company | Hair ablation system by optical irradiation |
US5255277A (en) | 1991-09-30 | 1993-10-19 | Whittaker Ordnance, Inc. | Electronic pulse width controller for flashlamp pumped lasers |
US5293880A (en) | 1991-10-02 | 1994-03-15 | Levitt Steven J | Athletic mouthguard |
US5222953A (en) | 1991-10-02 | 1993-06-29 | Kambiz Dowlatshahi | Apparatus for interstitial laser therapy having an improved temperature sensor for tissue being treated |
US5439954A (en) | 1991-10-11 | 1995-08-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Substituted phenyl-1,3-diketones as protectants against skin damage |
US6461296B1 (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2002-10-08 | 2000 Injectx, Inc. | Method and apparatus for delivery of genes, enzymes and biological agents to tissue cells |
US5226907A (en) | 1991-10-29 | 1993-07-13 | Tankovich Nikolai I | Hair removal device and method |
US5423803A (en) | 1991-10-29 | 1995-06-13 | Thermotrex Corporation | Skin surface peeling process using laser |
US5871480A (en) | 1991-10-29 | 1999-02-16 | Thermolase Corporation | Hair removal using photosensitizer and laser |
US5817089A (en) | 1991-10-29 | 1998-10-06 | Thermolase Corporation | Skin treatment process using laser |
US5425728A (en) | 1991-10-29 | 1995-06-20 | Tankovich; Nicolai I. | Hair removal device and method |
US5213092A (en) | 1991-10-31 | 1993-05-25 | Martin Uram | Aspirating endoscope |
US5303585A (en) | 1991-10-31 | 1994-04-19 | Jtl Medical Corporation | Fluid volume sensor |
JP3530528B2 (en) | 1991-11-08 | 2004-05-24 | ボストン サイエンティフィック リミテッド | Ablation electrode with insulated temperature sensing element |
US7198046B1 (en) | 1991-11-14 | 2007-04-03 | Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Wound treatment employing reduced pressure |
DE4138116A1 (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1993-06-03 | Delma Elektro Med App | MEDICAL HIGH-FREQUENCY COAGULATION CUTTER |
US5344418A (en) | 1991-12-12 | 1994-09-06 | Shahriar Ghaffari | Optical system for treatment of vascular lesions |
US5246436A (en) | 1991-12-18 | 1993-09-21 | Alcon Surgical, Inc. | Midinfrared laser tissue ablater |
US5275596A (en) | 1991-12-23 | 1994-01-04 | Laser Centers Of America | Laser energy delivery tip element with throughflow of vaporized materials |
US5219347A (en) | 1991-12-24 | 1993-06-15 | Laser Engineering, Inc. | Decoupled dual-beam control system |
CN1073607A (en) | 1991-12-28 | 1993-06-30 | 王文辉 | Electrotherapeutic toothbrush |
IL100545A (en) | 1991-12-29 | 1995-03-15 | Dimotech Ltd | Apparatus for photodynamic therapy treatment |
US5501680A (en) | 1992-01-15 | 1996-03-26 | The University Of Pittsburgh | Boundary and proximity sensor apparatus for a laser |
US5353790A (en) | 1992-01-17 | 1994-10-11 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for optical measurement of bilirubin in tissue |
WO1993015676A1 (en) | 1992-02-05 | 1993-08-19 | Angelase, Inc. | Laser catheter with movable integral fixation wire |
US5830209A (en) | 1992-02-05 | 1998-11-03 | Angeion Corporation | Multi-fiber laser catheter |
US5160194A (en) | 1992-02-27 | 1992-11-03 | Feldman Melvin D | Toothbrush with externally illuminated bristles |
DE4207463C2 (en) | 1992-03-10 | 1996-03-28 | Siemens Ag | Arrangement for the therapy of tissue with ultrasound |
GB2270159A (en) | 1992-03-13 | 1994-03-02 | Scient Generics Ltd | Optically controlled ultrasound array |
AU3927993A (en) | 1992-03-20 | 1993-10-21 | General Hospital Corporation, The | Laser illuminator |
JP2887023B2 (en) | 1992-03-30 | 1999-04-26 | ワイケイケイ株式会社 | Fine plate-like boehmite particles and method for producing the same |
US5281216A (en) | 1992-03-31 | 1994-01-25 | Valleylab, Inc. | Electrosurgical bipolar treating apparatus |
DE9204621U1 (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1992-07-30 | Oralia Dentalprodukte Gmbh, 7750 Konstanz | Device for applying with light |
US5405368A (en) | 1992-10-20 | 1995-04-11 | Esc Inc. | Method and apparatus for therapeutic electromagnetic treatment |
CA2093055C (en) | 1992-04-09 | 2002-02-19 | Shimon Eckhouse | Method and apparatus for therapeutic electromagnetic treatment |
US5257970A (en) | 1992-04-09 | 1993-11-02 | Health Research, Inc. | In situ photodynamic therapy |
US5540681A (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1996-07-30 | Medtronic Cardiorhythm | Method and system for radiofrequency ablation of tissue |
US5349590A (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1994-09-20 | Premier Laser Systems, Inc. | Medical laser apparatus for delivering high power infrared light |
US5284153A (en) | 1992-04-14 | 1994-02-08 | Brigham And Women's Hospital | Method for locating a nerve and for protecting nerves from injury during surgery |
US5287372A (en) | 1992-04-24 | 1994-02-15 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Quasi-resonant diode drive current source |
US5755752A (en) | 1992-04-24 | 1998-05-26 | Segal; Kim Robin | Diode laser irradiation system for biological tissue stimulation |
US5611793A (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1997-03-18 | Institute Of Dental Surgery | Laser treatment |
US5308311A (en) | 1992-05-01 | 1994-05-03 | Robert F. Shaw | Electrically heated surgical blade and methods of making |
WO1993021843A1 (en) | 1992-05-05 | 1993-11-11 | Coherent, Inc. | Device and method for variably blending multiple laser beams for medical purposes |
EP0568727B1 (en) | 1992-05-06 | 1997-07-23 | Electrox Ltd. | Laser beam combination system |
US5334191A (en) | 1992-05-21 | 1994-08-02 | Dix Phillip Poppas | Laser tissue welding control system |
US5507739A (en) | 1992-06-15 | 1996-04-16 | American Dental Technologies, Inc. | Dental laser |
US5290274A (en) | 1992-06-16 | 1994-03-01 | Laser Medical Technology, Inc. | Laser apparatus for medical and dental treatments |
JPH0622871A (en) | 1992-07-03 | 1994-02-01 | Hideyo Niida | Toothbrush case with sterilamp |
US5292320A (en) | 1992-07-06 | 1994-03-08 | Ceramoptec, Inc. | Radial medical laser delivery device |
JP2907643B2 (en) | 1992-07-16 | 1999-06-21 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Photosensitive lithographic printing plate and processing method thereof |
EP0581226A3 (en) | 1992-07-31 | 1995-05-24 | Molten Corp | Photopolymerization reactor and small-sized light irradiator for dental use. |
US5596619A (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1997-01-21 | Nomos Corporation | Method and apparatus for conformal radiation therapy |
US5267995A (en) | 1992-09-01 | 1993-12-07 | Pdt Systems | Optical waveguide with flexible tip |
DE69321963T2 (en) | 1992-09-01 | 1999-04-01 | Edwin L. Castle Pines Village Col. Adair | STERILIZABLE ENDOSCOPE WITH A DETACHABLE DISPOSABLE PIPE ARRANGEMENT |
DE69311478T2 (en) | 1992-09-07 | 1998-01-02 | Philips Electronics Nv | Method for producing a block-shaped carrier body for a semiconductor component |
DE4232915A1 (en) | 1992-10-01 | 1994-04-07 | Hohla Kristian | Device for shaping the cornea by removing tissue |
US5336221A (en) | 1992-10-14 | 1994-08-09 | Premier Laser Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for applying thermal energy to tissue using a clamp |
US5306143A (en) | 1992-10-15 | 1994-04-26 | Laser Medical Technology, Inc. | Dental hygiene appliance |
US5423800A (en) | 1992-10-19 | 1995-06-13 | The University Of Miami | Laser scleral buckling method and instruments therefor |
US5620478A (en) | 1992-10-20 | 1997-04-15 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Method and apparatus for therapeutic electromagnetic treatment |
US5626631A (en) | 1992-10-20 | 1997-05-06 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Method and apparatus for therapeutic electromagnetic treatment |
US6280438B1 (en) | 1992-10-20 | 2001-08-28 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Method and apparatus for electromagnetic treatment of the skin, including hair depilation |
US5720772A (en) | 1992-10-20 | 1998-02-24 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Method and apparatus for therapeutic electromagnetic treatment |
US5683380A (en) | 1995-03-29 | 1997-11-04 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Method and apparatus for depilation using pulsed electromagnetic radiation |
GB2272278B (en) | 1992-10-23 | 1997-04-09 | Cancer Res Campaign Tech | Light source |
WO1995022283A1 (en) | 1992-10-26 | 1995-08-24 | Ultrasonic Sensing & Monitoring Systems, Inc. | Catheter using optical fibers to transmit laser and ultrasonic energy |
WO1994009694A1 (en) | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-11 | Arsenault, Dennis, J. | Electronic endoscope |
US5300065A (en) | 1992-11-06 | 1994-04-05 | Proclosure Inc. | Method and apparatus for simultaneously holding and sealing tissue |
EP0719113A1 (en) | 1992-11-13 | 1996-07-03 | American Cardiac Ablation Co., Inc. | Fluid cooled electrosurgical probe |
US5334193A (en) | 1992-11-13 | 1994-08-02 | American Cardiac Ablation Co., Inc. | Fluid cooled ablation catheter |
US5540678A (en) | 1992-12-31 | 1996-07-30 | Laser Centers Of America | Apparatus and method for efficiently transmitting optic energy from a reuseable optic element to a disposable optic element |
US5342358A (en) | 1993-01-12 | 1994-08-30 | S.L.T. Japan Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for operation by laser energy |
US5354294A (en) | 1993-05-26 | 1994-10-11 | Xintec Corporation | Combination reflectance fiber optic laser beam angle delivery |
US5366456A (en) | 1993-02-08 | 1994-11-22 | Xintec Corporation | Angle firing fiber optic laser scalpel and method of use |
US5287380A (en) | 1993-02-19 | 1994-02-15 | Candela Laser Corporation | Method and apparatus for generating long output pulses from flashlamp-excited lasers |
US5356081A (en) | 1993-02-24 | 1994-10-18 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Apparatus and process for employing synergistic destructive powers of a water stream and a laser beam |
US5707403A (en) | 1993-02-24 | 1998-01-13 | Star Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method for the laser treatment of subsurface blood vessels |
US5527350A (en) | 1993-02-24 | 1996-06-18 | Star Medical Technologies, Inc. | Pulsed infrared laser treatment of psoriasis |
US5368038A (en) | 1993-03-08 | 1994-11-29 | Thermoscan Inc. | Optical system for an infrared thermometer |
DE9303352U1 (en) | 1993-03-08 | 1993-07-22 | Elfo Ag Sachseln, Sachseln | Infrared irradiation lamp with a cuvette in the radiation path |
US5387211B1 (en) | 1993-03-10 | 1996-12-31 | Trimedyne Inc | Multi-head laser assembly |
US5304170A (en) | 1993-03-12 | 1994-04-19 | Green Howard A | Method of laser-induced tissue necrosis in carotenoid-containing skin structures |
US5350376A (en) | 1993-04-16 | 1994-09-27 | Ceramoptec, Inc. | Optical controller device |
GB9309397D0 (en) | 1993-05-07 | 1993-06-23 | Patel Bipin C M | Laser treatment |
US5628771A (en) | 1993-05-12 | 1997-05-13 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Electromagnetic-wave thermatological device |
US5421339A (en) | 1993-05-12 | 1995-06-06 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Diagnosis of dysplasia using laser induced fluoroescence |
US5454807A (en) | 1993-05-14 | 1995-10-03 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Medical treatment of deeply seated tissue using optical radiation |
US5395356A (en) | 1993-06-04 | 1995-03-07 | Summit Technology, Inc. | Correction of presbyopia by photorefractive keratectomy |
US5403306A (en) | 1993-06-22 | 1995-04-04 | Vanderbilt University | Laser surgery method |
DE4323585A1 (en) | 1993-07-14 | 1995-01-19 | Delma Elektro Med App | Bipolar high-frequency surgical instrument |
US5860967A (en) | 1993-07-21 | 1999-01-19 | Lucid, Inc. | Dermatological laser treatment system with electronic visualization of the area being treated |
US5668824A (en) | 1993-07-28 | 1997-09-16 | Cynosure, Inc. | Method and apparatus for replenishing dye solution in a dye laser |
US5445608A (en) | 1993-08-16 | 1995-08-29 | James C. Chen | Method and apparatus for providing light-activated therapy |
US5368031A (en) | 1993-08-29 | 1994-11-29 | General Electric Company | Magnetic resonance surgery using heat waves produced with a laser fiber |
JP2616668B2 (en) | 1993-08-30 | 1997-06-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | Hermetically sealed structure of optical fiber introduction section |
FR2709763B1 (en) | 1993-09-08 | 1995-10-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Device for processing a material, with miniaturized photo-ion head. |
US5496307A (en) | 1993-09-10 | 1996-03-05 | S.L.T. Japan Co., Ltd. | Laser light irradiation apparatus for medical treatment |
US5420768A (en) | 1993-09-13 | 1995-05-30 | Kennedy; John | Portable led photocuring device |
US6251100B1 (en) | 1993-09-24 | 2001-06-26 | Transmedica International, Inc. | Laser assisted topical anesthetic permeation |
US6245093B1 (en) | 1993-10-04 | 2001-06-12 | Huan-Chen Li | Method and apparatus for treatment of skin itch and disease |
US6635075B2 (en) | 1993-10-04 | 2003-10-21 | Huan-Chen Li | Method and apparatus for treatment of skin itch and disease |
US5415654A (en) | 1993-10-05 | 1995-05-16 | S.L.T. Japan Co., Ltd. | Laser balloon catheter apparatus |
IL107248A0 (en) | 1993-10-11 | 1994-01-25 | Amcor Ltd | Apparatus for treatment of the oral cavity |
US5425725A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-06-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article which includes superabsorbent material and hydrophilic fibers located in discrete pockets |
US5647866A (en) | 1993-11-09 | 1997-07-15 | Zaias; Nardo | Method of hair depilation |
US5498935A (en) | 1993-11-12 | 1996-03-12 | William H. McMahan | Laser flash lamp control system |
US5885211A (en) | 1993-11-15 | 1999-03-23 | Spectrix, Inc. | Microporation of human skin for monitoring the concentration of an analyte |
US5445611A (en) | 1993-12-08 | 1995-08-29 | Non-Invasive Monitoring Company (Nimco) | Enhancement of transdermal delivery with ultrasound and chemical enhancers |
US5458140A (en) | 1993-11-15 | 1995-10-17 | Non-Invasive Monitoring Company (Nimco) | Enhancement of transdermal monitoring applications with ultrasound and chemical enhancers |
US5394492A (en) | 1993-11-19 | 1995-02-28 | Applied Optronics Corporation | High power semiconductor laser system |
US5413587A (en) | 1993-11-22 | 1995-05-09 | Hochstein; Peter A. | Infrared heating apparatus and methods |
GB9325109D0 (en) | 1993-12-08 | 1994-02-09 | Sls Wales Ltd | Depilation |
US20020019624A1 (en) | 1993-12-08 | 2002-02-14 | Clement Robert Marc | Depilation |
US5628744A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1997-05-13 | Laserscope | Treatment beam handpiece |
WO1995017924A1 (en) | 1993-12-30 | 1995-07-06 | The General Hospital Corporation | Apparatus and methods for laser-induced superficial alteration of a substrate |
US5558666A (en) | 1994-01-14 | 1996-09-24 | Coherent, Inc. | Handpiece for producing highly collimated laser beam for dermatological procedures |
US5358503A (en) | 1994-01-25 | 1994-10-25 | Bertwell Dale E | Photo-thermal therapeutic device and method |
US5386427A (en) | 1994-02-10 | 1995-01-31 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Thermally controlled lenses for lasers |
AT400305B (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-12-27 | Divida Ges M B H Methoden Und | Instrument for the treatment of skin zones |
JPH07249798A (en) | 1994-03-09 | 1995-09-26 | Fujitsu Ltd | Optical device securing apparatus and its manufacture |
IL108918A (en) | 1994-03-10 | 1997-04-15 | Medic Lightech Ltd | Apparatus for efficient photodynamic treatment |
US5616140A (en) | 1994-03-21 | 1997-04-01 | Prescott; Marvin | Method and apparatus for therapeutic laser treatment |
US5505726A (en) | 1994-03-21 | 1996-04-09 | Dusa Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Article of manufacture for the photodynamic therapy of dermal lesion |
US5561881A (en) | 1994-03-22 | 1996-10-08 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Electric toothbrush |
JP3530954B2 (en) | 1994-03-24 | 2004-05-24 | 清之 竹迫 | Far-infrared sterilizer |
US6248103B1 (en) | 1994-04-05 | 2001-06-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Apparatus and method for dynamic cooling of biological tissues for thermal mediated surgery using long laser pulses |
US5979454A (en) | 1995-05-15 | 1999-11-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method and apparatus for causing rapid and deep spatially selective coagulation during thermally mediated therapeutic procedures |
JP3263275B2 (en) | 1994-04-05 | 2002-03-04 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティ オブ カリフォルニア | Apparatus for laser treatment of living tissue and laser treatment apparatus for flame-like nevus |
RU2089126C1 (en) | 1994-04-11 | 1997-09-10 | Учебно-научно-производственный "Лазерный центр" Института точной механики и оптики | Method of treatment of tooth hard tissues by laser radiation and device for its realization |
US5464436A (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-07 | Lasermedics, Inc. | Method of performing laser therapy |
AU2373695A (en) | 1994-05-03 | 1995-11-29 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Apparatus and method for noninvasive doppler ultrasound-guided real-time control of tissue damage in thermal therapy |
FR2719470B1 (en) | 1994-05-04 | 1996-06-28 | Oreal | Method for bleaching hair by laser irradiation with cooling, and device for implementing it. |
US5519534A (en) | 1994-05-25 | 1996-05-21 | The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services | Irradiance attachment for an optical fiber to provide a uniform level of illumination across a plane |
JP3596029B2 (en) | 1994-06-06 | 2004-12-02 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Semiconductor laser module |
US5422112A (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-06 | Chesebrough-Pond's Usa Co., Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Thickened cosmetic compositions |
US5652481A (en) | 1994-06-10 | 1997-07-29 | Beacon Light Products, Inc. | Automatic state tranition controller for a fluorescent lamp |
JPH07328025A (en) | 1994-06-14 | 1995-12-19 | Toshiba Corp | Medical laser device |
US6405732B1 (en) | 1994-06-24 | 2002-06-18 | Curon Medical, Inc. | Method to treat gastric reflux via the detection and ablation of gastro-esophageal nerves and receptors |
JPH0815539A (en) | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-19 | Hoya Corp | Optical coupler |
US5586132A (en) | 1994-07-27 | 1996-12-17 | Laser Industries Ltd. | Method and apparatus for generating bright light sources |
US5810802A (en) | 1994-08-08 | 1998-09-22 | E.P. Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling tissue ablation using multiple temperature sensing elements |
US6016324A (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 2000-01-18 | Jmar Research, Inc. | Short pulse laser system |
JPH0866781A (en) | 1994-08-30 | 1996-03-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Excimer laser beam irradiating device |
US5530711A (en) | 1994-09-01 | 1996-06-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Low threshold diode-pumped tunable dye laser |
US5502582A (en) | 1994-09-02 | 1996-03-26 | Aavid Laboratories, Inc. | Light source cooler for LCD monitor |
US5531740A (en) | 1994-09-06 | 1996-07-02 | Rapistan Demag Corporation | Automatic color-activated scanning treatment of dermatological conditions by laser |
US5698866A (en) | 1994-09-19 | 1997-12-16 | Pdt Systems, Inc. | Uniform illuminator for phototherapy |
US5522813A (en) | 1994-09-23 | 1996-06-04 | Coherent, Inc. | Method of treating veins |
US5531739A (en) | 1994-09-23 | 1996-07-02 | Coherent, Inc. | Method of treating veins |
US5662643A (en) | 1994-09-28 | 1997-09-02 | Abiomed R & D, Inc. | Laser welding system |
US5669916A (en) | 1994-09-28 | 1997-09-23 | The General Hospital Corporation | Method of hair removal |
US5608210A (en) | 1994-09-29 | 1997-03-04 | Esparza; Joel | Infrared aided method and apparatus for venous examination |
US5595178A (en) | 1994-10-02 | 1997-01-21 | Hmt High Medical Technologies Gmbh | System, method and apparatus for treatment of degenerative bone |
US5735884A (en) | 1994-10-04 | 1998-04-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Filtered feedthrough assembly for implantable medical device |
US5746735A (en) | 1994-10-26 | 1998-05-05 | Cynosure, Inc. | Ultra long pulsed dye laser device for treatment of ectatic vessels and method therefor |
US5571098A (en) | 1994-11-01 | 1996-11-05 | The General Hospital Corporation | Laser surgical devices |
RU2089127C1 (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1997-09-10 | Григорий Борисович Альтшулер | Method of treatment of tooth hard tissues by laser radiation and device for its realization |
US5541948A (en) | 1994-11-28 | 1996-07-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Transition-metal doped sulfide, selenide, and telluride laser crystal and lasers |
AT403654B (en) | 1994-12-01 | 1998-04-27 | Binder Michael Dr | DEVICE FOR THE OPTICAL EXAMINATION OF HUMAN SKIN AND THE SAME ASSIGNMENT EVALUATION DEVICE |
WO1996017656A1 (en) | 1994-12-09 | 1996-06-13 | Cynosure, Inc. | Near-infrared selective photothermolysis for vascular targets |
US5558667A (en) | 1994-12-14 | 1996-09-24 | Coherent, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treating vascular lesions |
GB9514872D0 (en) | 1994-12-14 | 1995-09-20 | Brine Lee | Optical fibre laser delivery probe and use thereof |
US5557625A (en) | 1995-01-05 | 1996-09-17 | Cynosure, Inc. | Coupled-cavity resonator to improve the intensity profile of a laser beam |
AT401342B (en) | 1995-01-17 | 1996-08-26 | Myles Handels Gmbh | SOFTLASER WITH INTEGRATED POINT DETECTOR FOR ACUPUNCTURE POINTS |
US5632741A (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1997-05-27 | Lucid Technologies, Inc. | Epilation system |
US5743902A (en) | 1995-01-23 | 1998-04-28 | Coherent, Inc. | Hand-held laser scanner |
US5599342A (en) | 1995-01-27 | 1997-02-04 | Candela Laser Corporation | Method for treating pigmentation abnormalities using pulsed laser radiation with an elongated cross-section and apparatus for providing same |
US5595568A (en) | 1995-02-01 | 1997-01-21 | The General Hospital Corporation | Permanent hair removal using optical pulses |
US5735844A (en) | 1995-02-01 | 1998-04-07 | The General Hospital Corporation | Hair removal using optical pulses |
US5611795A (en) | 1995-02-03 | 1997-03-18 | Laser Industries, Ltd. | Laser facial rejuvenation |
US5598426A (en) | 1995-02-03 | 1997-01-28 | Candela Laser Corporation | Method and dye laser apparatus for producing long pulses of laser radiation |
US5643334A (en) | 1995-02-07 | 1997-07-01 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Method and apparatus for the diagnostic and composite pulsed heating and photodynamic therapy treatment |
US5728090A (en) | 1995-02-09 | 1998-03-17 | Quantum Devices, Inc. | Apparatus for irradiating living cells |
US6409722B1 (en) | 1998-07-07 | 2002-06-25 | Medtronic, Inc. | Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue |
RU2096051C1 (en) | 1995-02-24 | 1997-11-20 | Григорий Борисович Альтшулер | Apparatus for laser treatment of biological tissues (alternative embodiments) |
US5868731A (en) | 1996-03-04 | 1999-02-09 | Innotech Usa, Inc. | Laser surgical device and method of its use |
WO1996028212A1 (en) | 1995-03-09 | 1996-09-19 | Innotech Usa, Inc. | Laser surgical device and method of its use |
US5885273A (en) | 1995-03-29 | 1999-03-23 | Esc Medical Systems, Ltd. | Method for depilation using pulsed electromagnetic radiation |
WO1996031237A2 (en) | 1995-04-04 | 1996-10-10 | Wound Healing Of Oklahoma | Cancer treatment by photodynamic therapy, in combination with an immunoadjuvant |
RU2082337C1 (en) | 1995-04-10 | 1997-06-27 | Григорий Борисович Альтшулер | Tip piece of laser system for treating biological tissue |
US5707369A (en) | 1995-04-24 | 1998-01-13 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Temperature feedback monitor for hemostatic surgical instrument |
US5658148A (en) | 1995-04-26 | 1997-08-19 | Ceramoptec Industries, Inc. | Dental laser brushing or cleaning device |
US6056548A (en) | 1995-04-26 | 2000-05-02 | Ceramoptec Industries, Inc. | Hygienic dental laser photo treatment method |
JPH11504435A (en) | 1995-04-27 | 1999-04-20 | ミネソタ・マイニング・アンド・マニュファクチャリング・カンパニー | Negative processing unnecessary printing plate |
US5688267A (en) | 1995-05-01 | 1997-11-18 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for sensing multiple temperature conditions during tissue ablation |
JPH08299310A (en) | 1995-05-02 | 1996-11-19 | Toa Medical Electronics Co Ltd | Non-invasive blood analysis device and method therefor |
US6241753B1 (en) | 1995-05-05 | 2001-06-05 | Thermage, Inc. | Method for scar collagen formation and contraction |
US6470216B1 (en) | 1995-05-05 | 2002-10-22 | Thermage, Inc. | Method for smoothing contour irregularities of skin surface |
US5660836A (en) | 1995-05-05 | 1997-08-26 | Knowlton; Edward W. | Method and apparatus for controlled contraction of collagen tissue |
US6425912B1 (en) | 1995-05-05 | 2002-07-30 | Thermage, Inc. | Method and apparatus for modifying skin surface and soft tissue structure |
DE29508077U1 (en) | 1995-05-16 | 1995-08-10 | Wilden Lutz Dr Med | Oral care device |
US5624435A (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1997-04-29 | Cynosure, Inc. | Ultra-long flashlamp-excited pulse dye laser for therapy and method therefor |
US6022346A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2000-02-08 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Tissue heating and ablation systems and methods using self-heated electrodes |
IL114137A (en) | 1995-06-13 | 1998-12-06 | Scitex Corp Ltd | Ir ablateable driographic printing plates and methods for making same |
US6143470A (en) | 1995-06-23 | 2000-11-07 | Nguyen; My T. | Digital laser imagable lithographic printing plates |
JP3507204B2 (en) | 1995-06-29 | 2004-03-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | Ophthalmic equipment |
US5673451A (en) | 1995-07-06 | 1997-10-07 | Moore; James R. | Instructional toothbrush |
JP3592406B2 (en) | 1995-07-10 | 2004-11-24 | 富士通株式会社 | Optical module and method for manufacturing optical module |
US5879376A (en) | 1995-07-12 | 1999-03-09 | Luxar Corporation | Method and apparatus for dermatology treatment |
US5658323A (en) | 1995-07-12 | 1997-08-19 | Miller; Iain D. | Method and apparatus for dermatology treatment |
US6263233B1 (en) | 1995-07-13 | 2001-07-17 | Lucid, Inc. | Handheld imaging microscope |
US6240306B1 (en) | 1995-08-09 | 2001-05-29 | Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for non-invasive blood analyte measurement with fluid compartment equilibration |
US7620290B2 (en) | 1995-08-31 | 2009-11-17 | Biolase Technology, Inc. | Modified-output fiber optic tips |
US6669685B1 (en) | 1997-11-06 | 2003-12-30 | Biolase Technology, Inc. | Tissue remover and method |
US5849029A (en) | 1995-12-26 | 1998-12-15 | Esc Medical Systems, Ltd. | Method for controlling the thermal profile of the skin |
US5546214A (en) | 1995-09-13 | 1996-08-13 | Reliant Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treating a surface with a scanning laser beam having an improved intensity cross-section |
US5964749A (en) | 1995-09-15 | 1999-10-12 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Method and apparatus for skin rejuvenation and wrinkle smoothing |
JPH0984803A (en) | 1995-09-27 | 1997-03-31 | Terumo Corp | Laser treatment apparatus |
US5836999A (en) | 1995-09-28 | 1998-11-17 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Method and apparatus for treating psoriasis using pulsed electromagnetic radiation |
US5776175A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1998-07-07 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Method and apparatus for treatment of cancer using pulsed electromagnetic radiation |
GB9520564D0 (en) | 1995-10-07 | 1995-12-13 | Philips Electronics Nv | Apparatus for treating a patient |
US5824023A (en) | 1995-10-12 | 1998-10-20 | The General Hospital Corporation | Radiation-delivery device |
US5916211A (en) | 1995-11-03 | 1999-06-29 | Quon; Hew W. | Permanent hair removal using visible red wavelength spectrum lasers |
US5921981A (en) | 1995-11-09 | 1999-07-13 | Alcon Laboratories, Inc. | Multi-spot laser surgery |
JPH09141869A (en) | 1995-11-24 | 1997-06-03 | Seiko Epson Corp | Ink-jet type recording apparatus |
US5897549A (en) | 1995-11-29 | 1999-04-27 | Lumedics, Ltd. | Transformation of unwanted tissue by deep laser heating of water |
US6083217A (en) | 1995-11-29 | 2000-07-04 | Lumedics, Ltd. | Destruction for unwanted tissue by deep laser heating of water |
US5837001A (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1998-11-17 | C. R. Bard | Radio frequency energy delivery system for multipolar electrode catheters |
US5713738A (en) | 1995-12-12 | 1998-02-03 | Britesmile, Inc. | Method for whitening teeth |
US5879346A (en) | 1995-12-18 | 1999-03-09 | Esc Medical Systems, Ltd. | Hair removal by selective photothermolysis with an alexandrite laser |
IL118229A0 (en) | 1996-05-12 | 1997-03-18 | Laser Ind Ltd | Apparatus and method for cutaneous treatment employing a laser |
US5651783A (en) | 1995-12-20 | 1997-07-29 | Reynard; Michael | Fiber optic sleeve for surgical instruments |
CA2166034A1 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1997-06-23 | Chia-Yu Cheng | Skin brush massage method |
KR0155936B1 (en) | 1995-12-26 | 1998-12-15 | 손욱 | Fluorescent lamp ballast circuit |
US6413255B1 (en) | 1999-03-09 | 2002-07-02 | Thermage, Inc. | Apparatus and method for treatment of tissue |
US6350276B1 (en) | 1996-01-05 | 2002-02-26 | Thermage, Inc. | Tissue remodeling apparatus containing cooling fluid |
US7006874B2 (en) | 1996-01-05 | 2006-02-28 | Thermage, Inc. | Treatment apparatus with electromagnetic energy delivery device and non-volatile memory |
US5720894A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 1998-02-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Ultrashort pulse high repetition rate laser system for biological tissue processing |
GB9602375D0 (en) | 1996-02-06 | 1996-04-03 | Jones Gary L | Laser depilation apparatus and method |
JPH09218325A (en) | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Semiconductor laser module |
US20070185552A1 (en) | 1996-02-13 | 2007-08-09 | Leonardo Masotti | Device and method for biological tissue stimulation by high intensity laser therapy |
IT1286551B1 (en) | 1996-02-13 | 1998-07-15 | El En S R L | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ADIPOSE LAYERS THROUGH LASER ENERGY |
US5971976A (en) | 1996-02-20 | 1999-10-26 | Computer Motion, Inc. | Motion minimization and compensation system for use in surgical procedures |
JPH09220292A (en) | 1996-02-20 | 1997-08-26 | Minolta Co Ltd | Phototherapy equipment |
US5835648A (en) | 1996-03-07 | 1998-11-10 | Miravant Systems, Inc. | Surface illuminator for photodynamic therapy |
US5818580A (en) | 1996-03-12 | 1998-10-06 | Rutgers, The State University | Simultaneous multisample analysis and apparatus therefor |
JP3662068B2 (en) | 1996-03-21 | 2005-06-22 | 飯村 惠次 | Photocatalyst device and cleaning device using photocatalyst |
US6239442B1 (en) | 1996-03-21 | 2001-05-29 | Keiji Iimura | Cleaning apparatus using ultraviolet rays |
US5630811A (en) | 1996-03-25 | 1997-05-20 | Miller; Iain D. | Method and apparatus for hair removal |
US5843072A (en) | 1996-11-07 | 1998-12-01 | Cynosure, Inc. | Method for treatment of unwanted veins and device therefor |
AU2607197A (en) | 1996-04-09 | 1997-10-29 | Cynosure Corporation | Alexandrite laser system for treatment of dermatological specimens |
US5871479A (en) | 1996-11-07 | 1999-02-16 | Cynosure, Inc. | Alexandrite laser system for hair removal and method therefor |
WO1997037723A1 (en) | 1996-04-10 | 1997-10-16 | New Star Lasers, Inc. | Improved method and device for laser induced shrinking of collagen |
US5742392A (en) | 1996-04-16 | 1998-04-21 | Seymour Light, Inc. | Polarized material inspection apparatus |
US5944687A (en) | 1996-04-24 | 1999-08-31 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Opto-acoustic transducer for medical applications |
US5893828A (en) | 1996-05-02 | 1999-04-13 | Uram; Martin | Contact laser surgical endoscope and associated myringotomy procedure |
US5662644A (en) | 1996-05-14 | 1997-09-02 | Mdlt, Inc. | Dermatological laser apparatus and method |
TW414035U (en) | 1996-05-14 | 2000-12-01 | Kao Corp | Toothbrush |
US5743901A (en) | 1996-05-15 | 1998-04-28 | Star Medical Technologies, Inc. | High fluence diode laser device and method for the fabrication and use thereof |
US5655547A (en) | 1996-05-15 | 1997-08-12 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Method for laser surgery |
US6013053A (en) | 1996-05-17 | 2000-01-11 | Qlt Photo Therapeutics Inc. | Balloon catheter for photodynamic therapy |
GB9611180D0 (en) | 1996-05-29 | 1996-07-31 | Sls Wales Ltd | Treatment of vascular lesions |
GB9611170D0 (en) | 1996-05-29 | 1996-07-31 | Sls Wales Ltd | Reduction of vascular blemishes by selective thermolysis |
US5776129A (en) | 1996-06-12 | 1998-07-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endometrial ablation apparatus and method |
DE69722414T2 (en) | 1996-07-03 | 2004-05-19 | Altea Therapeutics Corp. | MULTIPLE MECHANICAL MICROPERFORATION OF SKIN OR MUCOSA |
US5908731A (en) | 1996-07-04 | 1999-06-01 | Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. | Heat sensitive imaging element and a method for producing lithographic plates therewith |
JPH1014661A (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1998-01-20 | Kinue Mogami | Electric toothbrush set |
KR100205052B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 1999-06-15 | 정선종 | Mode locking optical fiber laser of wavelength tunable type |
WO1998004184A2 (en) | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-05 | Light Medicine, Inc. | Photodynamic therapy apparatus and methods |
US6443974B1 (en) | 1996-07-28 | 2002-09-03 | Biosense, Inc. | Electromagnetic cardiac biostimulation |
US5814008A (en) | 1996-07-29 | 1998-09-29 | Light Sciences Limited Partnership | Method and device for applying hyperthermia to enhance drug perfusion and efficacy of subsequent light therapy |
US5976123A (en) | 1996-07-30 | 1999-11-02 | Laser Aesthetics, Inc. | Heart stabilization |
US5820626A (en) | 1996-07-30 | 1998-10-13 | Laser Aesthetics, Inc. | Cooling laser handpiece with refillable coolant reservoir |
WO1998005380A1 (en) | 1996-08-06 | 1998-02-12 | Knowlton Edward W | Method for tightening skin |
US5913883A (en) | 1996-08-06 | 1999-06-22 | Alexander; Dane | Therapeutic facial mask |
WO1998006456A1 (en) | 1996-08-08 | 1998-02-19 | Light Sciences Limited Partnership | Method and apparatus to treat gingival and periodontal disease |
US6096029A (en) | 1997-02-24 | 2000-08-01 | Laser Skin Toner, Inc. | Laser method for subsurface cutaneous treatment |
NO963546D0 (en) | 1996-08-23 | 1996-08-23 | Eric Larsen | Method of permanent hair removal using light |
GB9618051D0 (en) | 1996-08-29 | 1996-10-09 | Sls Wales Ltd | Wrinkle removal |
US5851181A (en) | 1996-08-30 | 1998-12-22 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Apparatus for simultaneously viewing and spectrally analyzing a portion of skin |
US6214034B1 (en) | 1996-09-04 | 2001-04-10 | Radiancy, Inc. | Method of selective photothermolysis |
US5759200A (en) | 1996-09-04 | 1998-06-02 | Azar; Zion | Method of selective photothermolysis |
US6364888B1 (en) | 1996-09-09 | 2002-04-02 | Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | Alignment of master and slave in a minimally invasive surgical apparatus |
WO1998010711A1 (en) | 1996-09-10 | 1998-03-19 | Grigory Borisovich Altshuler | Toothbrush |
US5908418A (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1999-06-01 | Dority; Douglas B. | Hand held coagulating device |
JP3036232U (en) | 1996-09-26 | 1997-04-15 | ヤーマン株式会社 | Optical hair removal device |
US5782249A (en) | 1996-09-30 | 1998-07-21 | Weber; Paul J. | Laser manicure process |
US6424852B1 (en) | 1996-10-18 | 2002-07-23 | Lucid, Inc. | System for confocal imaging within dermal tissue |
US6338855B1 (en) | 1996-10-25 | 2002-01-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleansing articles for skin and/or hair which also deposit skin care actives |
JP3365227B2 (en) | 1996-10-25 | 2003-01-08 | 花王株式会社 | Method and apparatus for measuring optical properties of skin surface condition |
US7036516B1 (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2006-05-02 | Xantech Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Treatment of pigmented tissues using optical energy |
US5893885A (en) | 1996-11-01 | 1999-04-13 | Cordis Webster, Inc. | Multi-electrode ablation catheter |
US6228075B1 (en) | 1996-11-07 | 2001-05-08 | Cynosure, Inc. | Alexandrite laser system for hair removal |
US5919601A (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1999-07-06 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics, Llc | Radiation-sensitive compositions and printing plates |
GB9623627D0 (en) | 1996-11-13 | 1997-01-08 | Meditech International Inc | Method and apparatus for photon therapy |
US6517532B1 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2003-02-11 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Light energy delivery head |
US6508813B1 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 2003-01-21 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | System for electromagnetic radiation dermatology and head for use therewith |
US20060149343A1 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 2006-07-06 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Cooling system for a photocosmetic device |
US20080294152A1 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 2008-11-27 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Cooling System For A Photocosmetic Device |
US6015404A (en) | 1996-12-02 | 2000-01-18 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Laser dermatology with feedback control |
US7204832B2 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 2007-04-17 | Pálomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Cooling system for a photo cosmetic device |
US6653618B2 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2003-11-25 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Contact detecting method and apparatus for an optical radiation handpiece |
US8182473B2 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2012-05-22 | Palomar Medical Technologies | Cooling system for a photocosmetic device |
FR2756741B1 (en) | 1996-12-05 | 1999-01-08 | Cird Galderma | USE OF A CHROMOPHORE IN A COMPOSITION INTENDED TO BE APPLIED TO THE SKIN BEFORE LASER TREATMENT |
US6050990A (en) | 1996-12-05 | 2000-04-18 | Thermolase Corporation | Methods and devices for inhibiting hair growth and related skin treatments |
DE19654108C2 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 2001-10-04 | Massholder Karl F | Cleaning system and method for cleaning a surface |
US5879159A (en) | 1996-12-24 | 1999-03-09 | Ion Laser Technology, Inc. | Portable high power arc lamp system and applications therefor |
WO1998029134A2 (en) | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-09 | Altea Technologies, Inc. | Microporation of tissue for delivery of bioactive agents |
US6527716B1 (en) | 1997-12-30 | 2003-03-04 | Altea Technologies, Inc. | Microporation of tissue for delivery of bioactive agents |
US6063108A (en) | 1997-01-06 | 2000-05-16 | Salansky; Norman | Method and apparatus for localized low energy photon therapy (LEPT) |
US6391283B1 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 2002-05-21 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for activating dental compositions |
US6068963A (en) | 1997-01-20 | 2000-05-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Negative-type image recording materials |
DE69804876T2 (en) | 1997-01-24 | 2002-11-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Lithographic printing plate |
US5830208A (en) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-11-03 | Laserlite, Llc | Peltier cooled apparatus and methods for dermatological treatment |
US5810801A (en) | 1997-02-05 | 1998-09-22 | Candela Corporation | Method and apparatus for treating wrinkles in skin using radiation |
US5906609A (en) | 1997-02-05 | 1999-05-25 | Sahar Technologies | Method for delivering energy within continuous outline |
US6200309B1 (en) | 1997-02-13 | 2001-03-13 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Photodynamic therapy system and method using a phased array raman laser amplifier |
US5836877A (en) | 1997-02-24 | 1998-11-17 | Lucid Inc | System for facilitating pathological examination of a lesion in tissue |
US5974059A (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1999-10-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Frequency doubled fiber laser |
US6090524A (en) | 1997-03-13 | 2000-07-18 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics Llc | Lithographic printing plates comprising a photothermal conversion material |
DE19710676C2 (en) | 1997-03-16 | 1999-06-02 | Aesculap Meditec Gmbh | Arrangement for photoablation |
EP1003429B1 (en) | 1997-03-19 | 2008-09-24 | Lucid, Inc. | Cellular surgery utilizing confocal microscopy |
US6171302B1 (en) | 1997-03-19 | 2001-01-09 | Gerard Talpalriu | Apparatus and method including a handpiece for synchronizing the pulsing of a light source |
US6208458B1 (en) * | 1997-03-21 | 2001-03-27 | Imra America, Inc. | Quasi-phase-matched parametric chirped pulse amplification systems |
US5891063A (en) | 1997-04-03 | 1999-04-06 | Vigil; Arlene | Skin rejuvinating system |
DE29705934U1 (en) | 1997-04-03 | 1997-06-05 | Kaltenbach & Voigt Gmbh & Co, 88400 Biberach | Diagnostic and treatment device for teeth |
DE19714475C1 (en) | 1997-04-08 | 1998-12-17 | Wavelight Laser Technologie Gm | Unit for the removal of glass components from the eye |
FR2762504B1 (en) | 1997-04-29 | 1999-09-10 | Cird Galderma | HAIR REMOVAL PROCESS |
US6317624B1 (en) | 1997-05-05 | 2001-11-13 | The General Hospital Corporation | Apparatus and method for demarcating tumors |
US6235015B1 (en) | 1997-05-14 | 2001-05-22 | Applied Optronics Corporation | Method and apparatus for selective hair depilation using a scanned beam of light at 600 to 1000 nm |
WO1998051235A1 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 1998-11-19 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for dermatology treatment |
US6028694A (en) | 1997-05-22 | 2000-02-22 | Schmidt; Gregory W. | Illumination device using pulse width modulation of a LED |
GB9710562D0 (en) | 1997-05-23 | 1997-07-16 | Medical Laser Technologies Lim | Light delivery |
US5948596A (en) | 1997-05-27 | 1999-09-07 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics Llc | Digital printing plate comprising a thermal mask |
EP1138269B1 (en) | 1997-05-30 | 2003-03-26 | Nidek Co., Ltd. | Laser treatment apparatus |
US6117129A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 2000-09-12 | Nidek Co., Ltd. | Laser treatment apparatus |
US6030399A (en) | 1997-06-04 | 2000-02-29 | Spectrx, Inc. | Fluid jet blood sampling device and methods |
US6156030A (en) | 1997-06-04 | 2000-12-05 | Y-Beam Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for high precision variable rate material removal and modification |
US20020018754A1 (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2002-02-14 | Paul Albert Sagel | Shapes for tooth whitening strips |
DE19724299C2 (en) | 1997-06-09 | 2003-03-27 | Sli Lichtsysteme Gmbh | Method and device for the cosmetic treatment of acne vulgaris |
EP0885629A3 (en) | 1997-06-16 | 1999-07-21 | Danish Dermatologic Development A/S | Light pulse generating apparatus and cosmetic and therapeutic phototreatment |
AU8149198A (en) | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-04 | Cool Laser Optics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for temperature control of biologic tissue with simultaneous irradiation |
US5883471A (en) | 1997-06-20 | 1999-03-16 | Polycom, Inc. | Flashlamp pulse shaper and method |
AU8155098A (en) | 1997-06-20 | 1999-01-04 | Biolase Technology, Inc. | Electromagnetic radiation emitting toothbrush and dentifrice system |
EP1018955A4 (en) | 1997-06-24 | 2001-06-20 | Laser Aesthetics Inc | Pulsed filament lamp for dermatological treatment |
US5885274A (en) | 1997-06-24 | 1999-03-23 | New Star Lasers, Inc. | Filament lamp for dermatological treatment |
US5951543A (en) | 1997-06-30 | 1999-09-14 | Clinicon Corporation | Delivery system and method for surgical laser |
US6142650A (en) | 1997-07-10 | 2000-11-07 | Brown; David C. | Laser flashlight |
US6097741A (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2000-08-01 | Calmar Optcom, Inc. | Passively mode-locked fiber lasers |
US6058937A (en) | 1997-07-18 | 2000-05-09 | Miravant Systems, Inc. | Photodynamic Therapy of highly vascularized tissue |
US5921926A (en) | 1997-07-28 | 1999-07-13 | University Of Central Florida | Three dimensional optical imaging colposcopy |
JP4014255B2 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 2007-11-28 | 有限会社開発顧問室 | Laser irradiation device for skin treatment |
US6104959A (en) | 1997-07-31 | 2000-08-15 | Microwave Medical Corp. | Method and apparatus for treating subcutaneous histological features |
US6273885B1 (en) | 1997-08-16 | 2001-08-14 | Cooltouch Corporation | Handheld photoepilation device and method |
ATE313353T1 (en) | 1997-08-25 | 2006-01-15 | Advanced Photodynamic Technolo | DEVICE FOR TOPICAL PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY |
US6251127B1 (en) | 1997-08-25 | 2001-06-26 | Advanced Photodynamic Technologies, Inc. | Dye treatment solution and photodynamic therapy and method of using same |
US6459919B1 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2002-10-01 | Color Kinetics, Incorporated | Precision illumination methods and systems |
US6074382A (en) | 1997-08-29 | 2000-06-13 | Asah Medico A/S | Apparatus for tissue treatment |
US6261740B1 (en) | 1997-09-02 | 2001-07-17 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics, Llc | Processless, laser imageable lithographic printing plate |
US6171300B1 (en) | 1997-09-04 | 2001-01-09 | Linvatec Corporation | Tubing cassette and method for cooling a surgical handpiece |
US6233584B1 (en) | 1997-09-09 | 2001-05-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Technique for providing a universal query for multiple different databases |
EP0901902A3 (en) | 1997-09-12 | 1999-03-24 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Positive photosensitive composition for use with an infrared laser |
US5813855A (en) | 1997-09-23 | 1998-09-29 | Crisio, Jr.; Raymond A. | Illuminated toothbrush |
US5984915A (en) | 1997-10-08 | 1999-11-16 | Trimedyne, Inc. | Percutaneous laser treatment |
US6132929A (en) | 1997-10-08 | 2000-10-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Positive type photosensitive composition for infrared lasers |
ATE328642T1 (en) | 1997-10-08 | 2006-06-15 | Gen Hospital Corp | PHOTOTHERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS |
US6176854B1 (en) | 1997-10-08 | 2001-01-23 | Robert Roy Cone | Percutaneous laser treatment |
US20010048077A1 (en) | 1997-10-27 | 2001-12-06 | Afanassieva Natalia I. | Apparatus and method for spectroscopic analysis of human or animal tissue or body fluids |
DE19841217B4 (en) | 1997-10-27 | 2005-06-16 | Applied Photonics Worldwide, Inc., Reno | Apparatus and method for the spectroscopic analysis of human or animal tissue or body fluids |
US6071239A (en) | 1997-10-27 | 2000-06-06 | Cribbs; Robert W. | Method and apparatus for lipolytic therapy using ultrasound energy |
CA2308290A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 | 1999-05-14 | Sonique Surgical Systems, Inc. | Laser-assisted liposuction method and apparatus |
US5968033A (en) | 1997-11-03 | 1999-10-19 | Fuller Research Corporation | Optical delivery system and method for subsurface tissue irradiation |
US6248503B1 (en) | 1997-11-07 | 2001-06-19 | Agfa-Gevaert | Method for making positive working printing plates from a heat mode sensitive imaging element |
WO1999027997A1 (en) | 1997-12-01 | 1999-06-10 | Esc Medical Systems Ltd. | Improved depilatory method and device |
US5935124A (en) | 1997-12-02 | 1999-08-10 | Cordis Webster, Inc. | Tip electrode with multiple temperature sensors |
GB2335603B (en) | 1997-12-05 | 2002-12-04 | Thermolase Corp | Skin enhancement using laser light |
US6229831B1 (en) | 1997-12-08 | 2001-05-08 | Coherent, Inc. | Bright diode-laser light-source |
US5949222A (en) | 1997-12-08 | 1999-09-07 | Buono; Robert N. | Self-oscillating switch mode DC to DC conversion with current switching threshold hystersis |
US6153352A (en) | 1997-12-10 | 2000-11-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Planographic printing plate precursor and a method for producing a planographic printing plate |
FR2772274B1 (en) | 1997-12-16 | 2002-01-04 | Galderma Rech Dermatologique | DEVICE COMPRISING A CHROMOPHORE COMPOSITION FOR APPLICATION ON THE SKIN, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A DEVICE AND USES THEREOF |
US6007219A (en) | 1997-12-17 | 1999-12-28 | O'meara; James C. | Laser lighting system |
US6113559A (en) | 1997-12-29 | 2000-09-05 | Klopotek; Peter J. | Method and apparatus for therapeutic treatment of skin with ultrasound |
US6325769B1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2001-12-04 | Collapeutics, Llc | Method and apparatus for therapeutic treatment of skin |
IL122840A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2002-04-21 | Radiancy Inc | Apparatus and methods for removing hair |
AU1934699A (en) | 1998-01-07 | 1999-07-26 | Kim Robin Segal | Diode laser irradiation and electrotherapy system for biological tissue stimulation |
US6221068B1 (en) | 1998-01-15 | 2001-04-24 | Northwestern University | Method for welding tissue |
US6200134B1 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2001-03-13 | Kerr Corporation | Apparatus and method for curing materials with radiation |
US7048731B2 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2006-05-23 | Laser Abrasive Technologies, Llc | Methods and apparatus for light induced processing of biological tissues and of dental materials |
RU2175873C2 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2001-11-20 | Альтшулер Григорий Борисович | Method and device for carrying out light-induced treatment of materials, mainly biological tissues |
US6724958B1 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2004-04-20 | Science & Engineering Associates, Inc. | Handheld laser system emitting visible non-visible radiation |
CN1058905C (en) | 1998-01-25 | 2000-11-29 | 重庆海扶(Hifu)技术有限公司 | High-intensity focus supersonic tumor scanning therapy system |
US6165170A (en) | 1998-01-29 | 2000-12-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Laser dermablator and dermablation |
EP1051781B1 (en) | 1998-01-29 | 2005-03-23 | Visx Incorporated | Laser delivery system with diffractive optic beam integration |
DE19803564A1 (en) | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-05 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Polymers with units of N-substituted maleimide and their use in radiation-sensitive mixtures |
DE19803460C1 (en) | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-12 | Dornier Medizintechnik | Application device for the treatment of biological tissue with laser radiation |
US20010016732A1 (en) | 1998-02-03 | 2001-08-23 | James L. Hobart | Dual mode laser delivery system providing controllable depth of tissue ablation and corresponding controllable depth of coagulation |
US6074385A (en) | 1998-02-03 | 2000-06-13 | Kiefer Corp. | Hair follicle devitalization by induced heating of magnetically susceptible particles |
US6162055A (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2000-12-19 | Britesmile, Inc. | Light activated tooth whitening composition and method of using same |
JP2908407B1 (en) | 1998-02-13 | 1999-06-21 | 甲府日本電気株式会社 | Multiprocessor device |
US6416319B1 (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2002-07-09 | Britesmile, Inc. | Tooth whitening device and method of using same |
US6149644A (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2000-11-21 | Altralight, Inc. | Method and apparatus for epidermal treatment with computer controlled moving focused infrared light |
US6149895A (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2000-11-21 | Kreativ, Inc | Dental bleaching compositions, kits & methods |
US6080146A (en) | 1998-02-24 | 2000-06-27 | Altshuler; Gregory | Method and apparatus for hair removal |
IL123437A0 (en) | 1998-02-24 | 1998-09-24 | Shalev Pinchas | Apparatus and method for photothermal destruction of oral bacteria |
US6029303A (en) | 1998-03-04 | 2000-02-29 | Dewan; Raman N. | Electronic toothbrush |
US6022316A (en) | 1998-03-06 | 2000-02-08 | Spectrx, Inc. | Apparatus and method for electroporation of microporated tissue for enhancing flux rates for monitoring and delivery applications |
US6173202B1 (en) | 1998-03-06 | 2001-01-09 | Spectrx, Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhancing flux rates of a fluid in a microporated biological tissue |
US6530915B1 (en) | 1998-03-06 | 2003-03-11 | Spectrx, Inc. | Photothermal structure for biomedical applications, and method therefor |
EP1059883B1 (en) | 1998-03-06 | 2008-02-06 | SPECTRX, Inc. | Integrated poration, harvesting and analysis device, and method therefor |
US5920374A (en) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-07-06 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Computerized screening device utilizing the Pulfrich effect |
EP2263749B1 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2017-06-21 | The General Hospital Corporation | Method for the selective targeting of sebaceous glands |
EP0947173A1 (en) | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-06 | Gabriel Bernaz | Probe for high frequency treatment of the skin |
US6306130B1 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 2001-10-23 | The General Hospital Corporation | Apparatus and methods for removing blood vessels |
US6264649B1 (en) | 1998-04-09 | 2001-07-24 | Ian Andrew Whitcroft | Laser treatment cooling head |
US6024095A (en) | 1998-04-10 | 2000-02-15 | Proteus Therapeutics, Inc. | Corneal heat and stretch method and apparatus |
RU2145247C1 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 2000-02-10 | Жаров Владимир Павлович | Photomatrix therapeutic device for treatment of extended pathologies |
JP3853967B2 (en) | 1998-04-13 | 2006-12-06 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Thermosetting composition, lithographic printing plate precursor using the same, and sulfonate compound |
AU754594B2 (en) | 1998-04-24 | 2002-11-21 | Indigo Medical, Incorporated | Energy application system with ancillary information exchange capability, energy applicator, and methods associated therewith |
US6223071B1 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2001-04-24 | Dusa Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Illuminator for photodynamic therapy and diagnosis which produces substantially uniform intensity visible light |
US6511492B1 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2003-01-28 | Microvention, Inc. | Embolectomy catheters and methods for treating stroke and other small vessel thromboembolic disorders |
US6099521A (en) | 1998-05-26 | 2000-08-08 | Shadduck; John H. | Semiconductor contact lens cooling system and technique for light-mediated eye therapies |
US6030378A (en) | 1998-05-26 | 2000-02-29 | Stewart; Bob W. | Method of hair removal by transcutaneous application of laser light |
US5974616A (en) | 1998-05-26 | 1999-11-02 | Dreyfus; Edward | Sound producing toothbrush |
US6203540B1 (en) | 1998-05-28 | 2001-03-20 | Pearl I, Llc | Ultrasound and laser face-lift and bulbous lysing device |
US6110195A (en) | 1998-06-01 | 2000-08-29 | Altralight, Inc. | Method and apparatus for surgical and dermatological treatment by multi-wavelength laser light |
AU4545899A (en) | 1998-06-03 | 1999-12-20 | Robert O. Wolf | System for whitening teeth surfaces |
US7216055B1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2007-05-08 | Crossbow Technology, Inc. | Dynamic attitude measurement method and apparatus |
US6029304A (en) | 1998-06-09 | 2000-02-29 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Light interactive toothbrush |
US6080147A (en) | 1998-06-10 | 2000-06-27 | Tobinick; Edward L. | Method of employing a flashlamp for removal of hair, veins and capillaries |
US6077294A (en) | 1998-06-11 | 2000-06-20 | Cynosure, Inc. | Method for non-invasive wrinkle removal and skin treatment |
DE19827417B4 (en) | 1998-06-19 | 2004-10-28 | Hahn, Rainer, Dr.Med.Dent. | Material for different modification of the optical properties of different cells |
US6319274B1 (en) | 1998-06-22 | 2001-11-20 | John H. Shadduck | Devices and techniques for light-mediated stimulation of trabecular meshwork in glaucoma therapy |
US6352811B1 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 2002-03-05 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics Llc | Thermal digital lithographic printing plate |
US6358669B1 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 2002-03-19 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics Llc | Thermal digital lithographic printing plate |
US6416531B2 (en) | 1998-06-24 | 2002-07-09 | Light Sciences Corporation | Application of light at plural treatment sites within a tumor to increase the efficacy of light therapy |
US6447504B1 (en) | 1998-07-02 | 2002-09-10 | Biosense, Inc. | System for treatment of heart tissue using viability map |
EP1100366B1 (en) | 1998-07-09 | 2009-04-15 | Curelight Medical Ltd | Apparatus and method for efficient high energy photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris and seborrhea |
WO2000003257A1 (en) | 1998-07-13 | 2000-01-20 | Sigma Systems Corporation | Thermal platform and method |
US5941701A (en) | 1998-07-14 | 1999-08-24 | Ceramoptec Ind Inc | Device and method to treat oral disease in felines |
JP2000037400A (en) | 1998-07-23 | 2000-02-08 | Nippon Sekigaisen Kogyo Kk | Front surface cooling method at the time of laser irradiation |
US6112123A (en) | 1998-07-28 | 2000-08-29 | Endonetics, Inc. | Device and method for ablation of tissue |
US6322584B2 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2001-11-27 | Surx, Inc. | Temperature sensing devices and methods to shrink tissues |
US6236891B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2001-05-22 | Surx, Inc. | Limited heat transfer devices and methods to shrink tissues |
GB9816914D0 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 1998-09-30 | Smithkline Beecham Gmbh | Novel device |
US6126655A (en) | 1998-08-11 | 2000-10-03 | The General Hospital Corporation | Apparatus and method for selective laser-induced heating of biological tissue |
DE19836649C2 (en) | 1998-08-13 | 2002-12-19 | Zeiss Carl Meditec Ag | Medical handpiece |
US6440155B1 (en) | 1998-08-19 | 2002-08-27 | Tokai University Educational System | Device for heating a biotissue employing a strong light |
US6101207A (en) | 1998-08-25 | 2000-08-08 | Ilorinne; Toni | Dye laser |
US6157454A (en) | 1998-09-02 | 2000-12-05 | Colorimeter, Llc | Miniature colorimeter |
US6282442B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2001-08-28 | Surgical Laser Technologies, Inc. | Multi-fit suction irrigation hand piece |
US6190831B1 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 2001-02-20 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics Llc | Processless direct write printing plate having heat sensitive positively-charged polymers and methods of imaging and printing |
JP3390755B2 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 2003-03-31 | 科学技術振興事業団 | Wavelength tunable short pulse light generating apparatus and method |
US6394949B1 (en) | 1998-10-05 | 2002-05-28 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Large area thermal ablation |
JP3635203B2 (en) | 1998-10-06 | 2005-04-06 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Master for lithographic printing plate |
US6595986B2 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2003-07-22 | Stephen Almeida | Multiple pulse photo-dermatological device |
US6228074B1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2001-05-08 | Stephen Almeida | Multiple pulse photo-epilator |
US6059820A (en) | 1998-10-16 | 2000-05-09 | Paradigm Medical Corporation | Tissue cooling rod for laser surgery |
US6438396B1 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2002-08-20 | Cytometrics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing high contrast imaging |
DE19852948C2 (en) | 1998-11-12 | 2002-07-18 | Asclepion Meditec Ag | Dermatological handpiece |
KR100280821B1 (en) | 1998-11-18 | 2001-03-02 | 정선종 | Tunable Fiber Laser |
EP1131038A1 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 2001-09-12 | The General Hospital Corporation | Permanent, removable tissue markings |
JP2000153003A (en) | 1998-11-24 | 2000-06-06 | Ya Man Ltd | Cooling probe for laser beauty culture instrument |
CZ287832B6 (en) | 1998-11-24 | 2001-02-14 | I.B.C., A. S. | Device for light therapy |
US6096209A (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2000-08-01 | Aws Industries, L.L.C. | Three media silver recovery apparatus |
AU3691500A (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2000-07-03 | University Of New Mexico | Precisely wavelength-tunable and wavelength-switchable narrow linewidth lasers |
US6936044B2 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2005-08-30 | Light Bioscience, Llc | Method and apparatus for the stimulation of hair growth |
US6283956B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2001-09-04 | David H. McDaniels | Reduction, elimination, or stimulation of hair growth |
US6887260B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2005-05-03 | Light Bioscience, Llc | Method and apparatus for acne treatment |
US6676655B2 (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2004-01-13 | Light Bioscience L.L.C. | Low intensity light therapy for the manipulation of fibroblast, and fibroblast-derived mammalian cells and collagen |
US6663659B2 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2003-12-16 | Mcdaniel David H. | Method and apparatus for the photomodulation of living cells |
US6183500B1 (en) | 1998-12-03 | 2001-02-06 | Sli Lichtsysteme Gmbh | Process and apparatus for the cosmetic treatment of acne vulgaris |
US6514242B1 (en) | 1998-12-03 | 2003-02-04 | David Vasily | Method and apparatus for laser removal of hair |
US6106293A (en) | 1998-12-04 | 2000-08-22 | Wiesel; Peter E. | Methods for whitening teeth |
US6493608B1 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2002-12-10 | Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | Aspects of a control system of a minimally invasive surgical apparatus |
US6402739B1 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2002-06-11 | Y-Beam Technologies, Inc. | Energy application with cooling |
US7649153B2 (en) | 1998-12-11 | 2010-01-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for minimizing sample damage during the ablation of material using a focused ultrashort pulsed laser beam |
US6162215A (en) | 1998-12-23 | 2000-12-19 | Feng; Yuan Feng | Cauterization treatment by infrared rays |
US6164837A (en) | 1998-12-30 | 2000-12-26 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Integrated microelectromechanical alignment and locking apparatus and method for fiber optic module manufacturing |
US6183773B1 (en) | 1999-01-04 | 2001-02-06 | The General Hospital Corporation | Targeting of sebaceous follicles as a treatment of sebaceous gland disorders |
US6370180B2 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2002-04-09 | Corning Incorporated | Semiconductor-solid state laser optical waveguide pump |
US6402410B1 (en) | 1999-01-13 | 2002-06-11 | Philips Oral Healthcare | Fluid-dispensing and refilling system for a power toothbrush |
US6220772B1 (en) | 1999-01-13 | 2001-04-24 | Optiva Corporation | Fluid-dispensing and refilling system for a power toothbrush |
SE522249C2 (en) | 1999-01-13 | 2004-01-27 | Biolight Patent Holding Ab | Control device for controlling external processing by light |
US6210426B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2001-04-03 | Cynosure Inc | Optical radiation treatment for prevention of surgical scars |
US6692517B2 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 2004-02-17 | Cynosure, Inc. | Optical radiation treatment for enhancement of wound healing |
SE515992C2 (en) | 1999-01-20 | 2001-11-05 | Biolight Patent Holding Ab | Light emitting organs for medical treatment are externalized by light |
WO2000043070A1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2000-07-27 | Jilin Zhu | The optical quantum medical technology and the instrument thereof |
US6159236A (en) | 1999-01-28 | 2000-12-12 | Advanced Photodynamic Technologies, Inc. | Expandable treatment device for photodynamic therapy and method of using same |
AU2741300A (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2000-08-18 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Apparatus and method of photo-specific tissue treatment |
US6202242B1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2001-03-20 | Zephyr Design, Inc. | Light emitting electric toothbrush |
USD424197S (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2000-05-02 | Thermolase Corporation | Laser handpiece housing |
US6332891B1 (en) | 1999-02-16 | 2001-12-25 | Stryker Corporation | System and method for performing image guided surgery |
JP4310049B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2009-08-05 | ボストン サイエンティフィック リミテッド | Laser lithotripsy device using suction |
JP3775634B2 (en) | 1999-02-22 | 2006-05-17 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Master for lithographic printing plate |
US20020090725A1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2002-07-11 | Simpson David G. | Electroprocessed collagen |
US6187029B1 (en) | 1999-03-02 | 2001-02-13 | Physician's Technology, Llc | Photo-thermal treatment device |
US6491685B2 (en) | 1999-03-04 | 2002-12-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser and acoustic lens for lithotripsy |
GB9905173D0 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 1999-04-28 | Sls Biophile Limited | Wrinkle reduction |
AU3147200A (en) | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-28 | Asah Medico A/S | An apparatus for tissue treatment and having a monitor for display of tissue features |
JP3188426B2 (en) | 1999-03-12 | 2001-07-16 | ヤーマン株式会社 | Laser irradiation probe |
US6569155B1 (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2003-05-27 | Altus Medical, Inc. | Radiation delivery module and dermal tissue treatment method |
US6106294A (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2000-08-22 | Daniel; Martin K. | Lighting toothbrush and method of use |
US6383176B1 (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2002-05-07 | Altus Medical, Inc. | Hair removal device and method |
US7041094B2 (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2006-05-09 | Cutera, Inc. | Tissue treatment device and method |
US6235016B1 (en) | 1999-03-16 | 2001-05-22 | Bob W. Stewart | Method of reducing sebum production by application of pulsed light |
RU2181571C2 (en) | 1999-03-18 | 2002-04-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "LC" | Device and method for performing therapeutic and cosmetic phototreatment of biological tissue |
US6312451B1 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2001-11-06 | Jackson Streeter | Low level laser therapy apparatus |
US6240925B1 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2001-06-05 | Cynosure, Inc. | Photothermal vascular targeting with bioreductive agents |
DE19914108A1 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2000-10-05 | Plasmaphotonics Gmbh | Irradiation arrangement, in particular for optical thermolysis |
US6267779B1 (en) | 1999-03-29 | 2001-07-31 | Medelaser, Llc | Method and apparatus for therapeutic laser treatment |
US6484052B1 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2002-11-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Optically generated ultrasound for enhanced drug delivery |
US6409723B1 (en) | 1999-04-02 | 2002-06-25 | Stuart D. Edwards | Treating body tissue by applying energy and substances |
JP4084903B2 (en) | 1999-04-14 | 2008-04-30 | 株式会社オプトン | Far infrared heating device |
ATE306861T1 (en) | 1999-04-14 | 2005-11-15 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | HAIR REMOVAL DEVICE USING A CONTROLLABLE LASER SOURCE |
US6709269B1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2004-03-23 | Gregory B. Altshuler | Apparatus and method for the processing of solid materials, including hard tissues |
US6162212A (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2000-12-19 | Esc Medical Systems, Ltd. | Optimal procedure for performing a hair removal |
JP2000300684A (en) | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-31 | Nidek Co Ltd | Laser therapeutic equipment |
CA2369792A1 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2000-11-02 | The General Hospital Corporation | Phototherapy method for treatment of acne |
US6497701B2 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2002-12-24 | Visx, Incorporated | Method and system for ablating surfaces with partially overlapping craters having consistent curvature |
US6439888B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2002-08-27 | Pls Liquidating Llc | Optical source and method |
RU2182025C2 (en) | 1999-05-05 | 2002-05-10 | Миржалил Хамитович Усманов | Fire-proofing device |
US20050279949A1 (en) | 1999-05-17 | 2005-12-22 | Applera Corporation | Temperature control for light-emitting diode stabilization |
DE19923427A1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2000-11-23 | Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts | Device for improved delivery of active agents to skin, useful e.g. for administering opiates, contains agent that increases local skin temperature or blood flow |
US6606755B1 (en) | 1999-05-24 | 2003-08-19 | American Applied Technology | Electronically timed toothbrush system |
IL141057A0 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 2002-02-10 | Internat Technologies Lasers L | Laser for skin treatment |
US7363071B2 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2008-04-22 | Endocare, Inc. | Computer guided ablation of tissue using integrated ablative/temperature sensing devices |
US6733492B2 (en) | 1999-05-31 | 2004-05-11 | Nidek Co., Ltd. | Laser treatment apparatus |
EP1057454A3 (en) | 1999-05-31 | 2003-11-12 | Nidek Co., Ltd. | Laser skin treatment apparatus |
GB9912998D0 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 1999-08-04 | Sls Biophile Limited | Depilation |
CA2310550A1 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-04 | Eclipse Surgical Technologies, Inc. | Enhanced surgical device tracking system |
US7371408B1 (en) | 1999-06-07 | 2008-05-13 | Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | Bone graft substitute composition |
US6692456B1 (en) | 1999-06-08 | 2004-02-17 | Altea Therapeutics Corporation | Apparatus for microporation of biological membranes using thin film tissue interface devices, and method therefor |
US6685699B1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2004-02-03 | Spectrx, Inc. | Self-removing energy absorbing structure for thermal tissue ablation |
EP1182982A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2002-03-06 | Spectrx, Inc. | Self-removing energy absorbing structure for thermal tissue ablation |
EP1187572A1 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2002-03-20 | Spectrx, Inc. | Light beam generation and focusing device |
JP2001000560A (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2001-01-09 | Ya Man Ltd | Laser beam radiation probe |
US7500956B1 (en) | 1999-06-29 | 2009-03-10 | Wilk Peter J | Apparatus and method for resonant destruction of tumors |
WO2001003257A1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-11 | Asah Medico A/S | A solid-state laser crystal assembly |
WO2001003050A1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-11 | Hypermed Imaging, Inc. | Imaging apparatus with means for fusing thermal and hyperspectral images |
US20020128695A1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2002-09-12 | Yoram Harth | Apparatus and method for high energy photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris and seborrhea |
US20040122492A1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2004-06-24 | Yoram Harth | Phototherapeutic treatment of skin conditions |
US20030216795A1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2003-11-20 | Yoram Harth | Apparatus and method for high energy photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris, seborrhea and other skin disorders |
US6210425B1 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 2001-04-03 | Light Sciences Corporation | Combined imaging and PDT delivery system |
JP3340090B2 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 2002-10-28 | ヤーマン株式会社 | Laser hair removal probe |
US20040111031A1 (en) | 1999-07-22 | 2004-06-10 | Alfano Robert R. | Spectral polarizing tomographic dermatoscope |
ATE278550T1 (en) | 1999-07-26 | 2004-10-15 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | HEAT SENSITIVE PRECURSOR FOR A PLATE PRINTING PLATE |
DE60026205T2 (en) | 1999-07-27 | 2006-11-16 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Minami-Ashigara | Image recording material |
US6451007B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2002-09-17 | Dale E. Koop | Thermal quenching of tissue |
US6413267B1 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2002-07-02 | Theralase, Inc. | Therapeutic laser device and method including noninvasive subsurface monitoring and controlling means |
US20030078499A1 (en) | 1999-08-12 | 2003-04-24 | Eppstein Jonathan A. | Microporation of tissue for delivery of bioactive agents |
US6290713B1 (en) | 1999-08-24 | 2001-09-18 | Thomas A. Russell | Flexible illuminators for phototherapy |
JP3748349B2 (en) | 1999-08-26 | 2006-02-22 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Master for lithographic printing plate |
DE19944401A1 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2001-03-22 | Laser & Med Tech Gmbh | Depth/structure-selective biological tissue treatment method and device e.g. for body hair removal, uses simultaneous application of pressure and irradiation with light |
DE19945416C1 (en) | 1999-09-22 | 2001-04-26 | Siemens Ag | Cooling arrangement for X-ray emitter for computer tomograph enables the X-ray source to be operated over longer periods |
US6529540B1 (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2003-03-04 | Photonics Research Ontario | Variable output coupling laser |
US6331111B1 (en) | 1999-09-24 | 2001-12-18 | Cao Group, Inc. | Curing light system useful for curing light activated composite materials |
GB2356570A (en) | 1999-09-30 | 2001-05-30 | Oe Lys Ltd | Acne treating apparatus based on the emission of light in three different ranges of wavelength |
US6406474B1 (en) | 1999-09-30 | 2002-06-18 | Ceramoptec Ind Inc | Device and method for application of radiation |
US7280866B1 (en) | 1999-10-06 | 2007-10-09 | National Research Council Of Canada | Non-invasive screening of skin diseases by visible/near-infrared spectroscopy |
US6758845B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2004-07-06 | Lumenis Inc. | Automatic firing apparatus and methods for laser skin treatment over large areas |
US6355054B1 (en) | 1999-11-05 | 2002-03-12 | Ceramoptec Industries, Inc. | Laser system for improved transbarrier therapeutic radiation delivery |
US6358242B1 (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2002-03-19 | Ceramoptec Industries, Inc. | Post laser treatment for permanent hair removal |
US6530916B1 (en) | 1999-11-15 | 2003-03-11 | Visx, Incorporated | Uniform large area ablation system and method |
CA2825425C (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2016-03-22 | Covidien Lp | System and method of treating abnormal tissue in the human esophagus |
DE19954710C1 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2001-03-15 | Pulsion Medical Sys Ag | Apparatus for treatment of blood vessels especially in eye, comprises laser to deliver structured beam and monitor system to measure concentration of chromophoric agents for system control |
JP2001145520A (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2001-05-29 | Sharion Kk | Far infrared rays mask |
US6527764B1 (en) | 1999-12-02 | 2003-03-04 | Ceramoptec Industries, Inc. | Device and method for laser biomodulation in PDT/surgery |
US6364872B1 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2002-04-02 | Candela Corporation | Multipulse dye laser |
JP3188437B2 (en) | 1999-12-08 | 2001-07-16 | ヤーマン株式会社 | Laser irradiation probe |
US6638238B1 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2003-10-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Liposuction cannula device and method |
DE19959508A1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-13 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg | Guide rail for a linear bearing |
US6743222B2 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2004-06-01 | Candela Corporation | Method of treating disorders associated with sebaceous follicles |
US6354370B1 (en) | 1999-12-16 | 2002-03-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Liquid spray phase-change cooling of laser devices |
US6294311B1 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2001-09-25 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics Llc | Lithographic printing plate having high chemical resistance |
ES2270896T3 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2007-04-16 | Pearl Technology Holdings, Llc | FACIAL STRETCHING DEVICE. |
AU2000226049A1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2001-07-24 | Transmedica International, Inc. | Improved laser assisted pharmaceutical delivery and fluid removal |
CO5271709A1 (en) | 2000-01-12 | 2003-04-30 | Pfizer Prod Inc | COMPOSITIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE AND TREATMENT OF AFFECTIONS RESPONDING TO STROGENS |
JP2001196665A (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2001-07-19 | Hamamatsu Kagaku Gijutsu Kenkyu Shinkokai | Two wavelength laser machining optical apparatus and laser machining method |
US6595934B1 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2003-07-22 | Medtronic Xomed, Inc. | Methods of skin rejuvenation using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area containing a plurality of lesions |
US6669688B2 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2003-12-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method and apparatus for measuring the heat transfer coefficient during cryogen spray cooling of tissue |
CA2398238A1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-08-02 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for medical treatment utilizing long duration electromagnetic radiation |
AU2001229916A1 (en) | 2000-01-27 | 2001-08-07 | National Research Council Of Canada | Visible-near infrared spectroscopy in burn injury assessment |
JP2001232966A (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-08-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Heat sensitive lithographic printing original plate |
EP1263465B9 (en) | 2000-02-26 | 2012-12-05 | Advanced Photodynamic Technologies, Inc. | Photodynamic cellular organism eradication using a photosensitive material and surfactant |
US6261595B1 (en) | 2000-02-29 | 2001-07-17 | Zars, Inc. | Transdermal drug patch with attached pocket for controlled heating device |
JP4132547B2 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2008-08-13 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Image forming material and planographic printing plate precursor using the same |
JP2001238968A (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2001-09-04 | Ya Man Ltd | Laser beam irradiation probe |
US6464693B1 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2002-10-15 | Plc Medical Systems, Inc. | Myocardial revascularization |
US7320593B2 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2008-01-22 | Tir Systems Ltd. | Light emitting diode light source for curing dental composites |
US6436094B1 (en) | 2000-03-16 | 2002-08-20 | Laserscope, Inc. | Electromagnetic and laser treatment and cooling device |
GB2370992B (en) | 2000-03-23 | 2002-11-20 | Photo Therapeutics Ltd | Therapeutic light source and method |
US6749623B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2004-06-15 | Richard A Hsi | Method and apparatus for catheter phototherapy with dose sensing |
CN100498523C (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2009-06-10 | 富士胶片株式会社 | Original plate of planographic printing plate |
GB2360946B (en) | 2000-04-08 | 2002-06-12 | Lynton Lasers Ltd | Dermatological treatment apparatus |
WO2001078830A2 (en) | 2000-04-17 | 2001-10-25 | Medelaser, Llc | Photostimulaton treatment apparatus and methods for use |
GB2361430A (en) | 2000-04-17 | 2001-10-24 | Photo Therapeutics Ltd | Therapeutic discharge lamps |
EP1278471B1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2005-06-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Vibration sensitive ablation apparatus |
US6554439B1 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2003-04-29 | The Mclean Hospital | Illumination apparatus for simulating dynamic light conditions |
US6551346B2 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2003-04-22 | Kent Crossley | Method and apparatus to prevent infections |
US9820883B2 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2017-11-21 | Michael S. Berlin | Method for treating glaucoma |
JP2001343560A (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-14 | Kyocera Corp | Optical module |
US6409665B1 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2002-06-25 | Corey D. Scott | Apparatus for applying impedence matching fluid for ultrasonic imaging |
JP4335416B2 (en) | 2000-06-06 | 2009-09-30 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Image forming material and infrared absorbing dye |
US6503269B2 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2003-01-07 | Scott A. Nield | Method of treating intervertebral discs using optical energy and optical temperature feedback |
US6652459B2 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2003-11-25 | Peter Alfred Payne | Ophthalmic uses of lasers |
JP2002011106A (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2002-01-15 | Nidek Co Ltd | Laser therapeutic apparatus |
US6245486B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2001-06-12 | Gary Ganghui Teng | Method for imaging a printing plate having a laser ablatable mask layer |
US6613040B2 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2003-09-02 | Nikolai Tankovich | Twin light laser |
US6544257B2 (en) | 2000-07-03 | 2003-04-08 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Thermal treatment apparatus |
GB2364376A (en) | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-23 | Astron Clinica Ltd | Skin illumination and examination apparatus |
DE10033256A1 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2002-01-24 | Coronet Werke Gmbh | Method and device for producing bristle goods and bristle goods |
US6471716B1 (en) | 2000-07-11 | 2002-10-29 | Joseph P. Pecukonis | Low level light therapy method and apparatus with improved wavelength, temperature and voltage control |
US6580732B1 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2003-06-17 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Multiple mode laser |
JP3868724B2 (en) | 2000-07-18 | 2007-01-17 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | Ultrasound angioscope system |
EP1341464A4 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2009-07-22 | Ceramoptec Gmbh | Treatment for epithelial diseases |
US6454790B1 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2002-09-24 | Ceramoptec Industries, Inc. | Treatment for Barrett's syndrome |
AU2000264703A1 (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2002-02-13 | El. En. S.P.A. | Method and device for epilation by ultrasound |
WO2002009571A2 (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2002-02-07 | Galil Medical Ltd. | Planning and facilitation systems and methods for cryosurgery |
IT1316597B1 (en) | 2000-08-02 | 2003-04-24 | Actis S R L | OPTOACOUSTIC ULTRASONIC GENERATOR FROM LASER ENERGY POWERED THROUGH OPTICAL FIBER. |
US8565860B2 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2013-10-22 | Biosensors International Group, Ltd. | Radioactive emission detector equipped with a position tracking system |
JP2002072462A (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2002-03-12 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Original plate of planographic printing plate and photomechanical process for the same |
DE20014735U1 (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2000-10-12 | "B & P" Ag, Roschacherberg | Light therapy device |
US6602275B1 (en) | 2000-09-18 | 2003-08-05 | Jana Sullivan | Device and method for therapeutic treatment of living organisms |
US6702808B1 (en) | 2000-09-28 | 2004-03-09 | Syneron Medical Ltd. | Device and method for treating skin |
US6471712B2 (en) | 2000-10-05 | 2002-10-29 | Steven A. Burres | Dermabrasion and skin care apparatus |
US6435873B1 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2002-08-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Medication delivery devices |
GB2368020A (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-24 | Icn Photonics Ltd | Treatment of acne vulgaris skin condition by irradiation with light of specific wavelengths to target specific chromophores & stimulate collagen production |
DE10052296C1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2002-04-04 | Braun Gmbh | Electrically-operated hair removal device has pulsed stroboscopic light signal provided by illumination device for illumination of relatively moving working elements |
JP2002200181A (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2002-07-16 | Shigehiro Kubota | Laser treatment instrument |
US6506053B2 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2003-01-14 | Peter E. Wiesel | Systems for treating teeth |
US6616447B1 (en) | 2000-11-15 | 2003-09-09 | Biolase Technology, Inc. | Device for dental care and whitening |
US20020071287A1 (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Laser pointer with multiple color beams |
US6808532B2 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2004-10-26 | Dan E. Andersen | Laser treatment for reducing wrinkles |
US6746444B2 (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2004-06-08 | Douglas J. Key | Method of amplifying a beneficial selective skin response to light energy |
WO2002053050A1 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-11 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for therapeutic emr treatment of the skin |
US20080172047A1 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2008-07-17 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Methods And Devices For Fractional Ablation Of Tissue |
US6506536B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2003-01-14 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics, Llc | Imageable element and composition comprising thermally reversible polymers |
WO2002089750A2 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2002-11-14 | Advanced Photodynamic Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method of photodynamic eradication of organisms utilizing pyrrolnitrin |
DK1359977T3 (en) | 2001-01-22 | 2006-03-20 | Mde Medizintechnik Gmbh | Apparatus and methods for photodynamic stimulation |
ITMO20010008A1 (en) | 2001-01-29 | 2002-07-29 | Laserwave Srl | DEVICE FOR SKIN TREATMENTS |
US6673095B2 (en) | 2001-02-12 | 2004-01-06 | Wound Healing Of Oklahoma, Inc. | Apparatus and method for delivery of laser light |
DE60226964D1 (en) | 2001-02-12 | 2008-07-17 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | SCHALLANTRIEBS TOOTHBRUSH WITH MULTIPLE CONTAINERS |
US20020110328A1 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-15 | Bischel William K. | Multi-channel laser pump source for optical amplifiers |
WO2002064163A2 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2002-08-22 | Qlt Inc. | Reduction or prevention of pdt related inflammation |
US20030023284A1 (en) | 2001-02-20 | 2003-01-30 | Vladimir Gartstein | Method and apparatus for the in-vivo treatment of pathogens |
US6682523B2 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2004-01-27 | John H. Shadduck | Devices and techniques for treating trabecular meshwork |
US6989007B2 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2006-01-24 | Solx, Inc. | Devices and techniques for treating glaucoma |
JP4034941B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2008-01-16 | 株式会社ニデック | Laser therapy device |
US20020149326A1 (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-10-17 | Mikhail Inochkin | Flashlamp drive circuit |
US6888319B2 (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2005-05-03 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Flashlamp drive circuit |
WO2002069825A2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for photocosmetic and photodermatological treatment |
US20020127224A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | James Chen | Use of photoluminescent nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy |
US6497719B2 (en) | 2001-03-06 | 2002-12-24 | Henry Pearl | Apparatus and method for stimulating hair growth |
DE10112289A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2002-09-26 | Optomed Optomedical Systems Gmbh | Irradiating device used for treating acne comprises a radiation source emitting a broad band spectrum in a specified region and operating in the pulse manner |
DE10123926A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2002-09-19 | Optomed Optomedical Systems Gmbh | irradiation device |
US6503486B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2003-01-07 | Colgate Palmolive Company | Strip for whitening tooth surfaces |
JP2002272861A (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-24 | Terabyt:Kk | Light energy athletes' foot medical treatment machine |
GB0107853D0 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2001-05-23 | Asclepion Meditec Ltd | Hand apparatus for light delivery |
US20020173777A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-11-21 | Sand Bruce J. | Treatment of collagen |
EP1377228B1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2019-05-08 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Skin treating device comprising a protected radiation exit opening |
WO2002082600A2 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-17 | Coherent Deos | Q-switched cavity dumped co2 laser for material processing |
US7107996B2 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2006-09-19 | Ganz Robert A | Apparatus and method for treating atherosclerotic vascular disease through light sterilization |
US7033348B2 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2006-04-25 | The Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York | Gelatin based on Power-gel™ as solders for Cr4+laser tissue welding and sealing of lung air leak and fistulas in organs |
US6635052B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2003-10-21 | Trimedyne, Inc. | Multi-fiber laser device for shrinking tissue |
ATE308363T1 (en) | 2001-04-18 | 2005-11-15 | Susann Edel | RADIATION DEVICE PARTICULARLY FOR PHOTODYNAMIC DIAGNOSIS OR THERAPY |
AU2002251428A1 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2002-11-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Skin treating device with protection against radiation pulse overdose |
DE10120787A1 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2003-01-09 | Foerderung Von Medizin Bio Und | Remission-controlled device with laser handpiece for sensor-controlled selective laser therapy of blood vessels and skin tissues has multiple-sensor system e.g. using near infrared or visible radiation |
US6755647B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2004-06-29 | New Photonics, Llc | Photocuring device with axial array of light emitting diodes and method of curing |
US7272433B2 (en) | 2001-04-30 | 2007-09-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Transcutaneous monitor and method of use, using therapeutic output from an implanted medical device |
US8840918B2 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2014-09-23 | A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences | Hydrogel compositions for tooth whitening |
US6801595B2 (en) | 2001-05-04 | 2004-10-05 | Niton Corporation | X-ray fluorescence combined with laser induced photon spectroscopy |
US6572634B2 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2003-06-03 | Myung H. Koo | Nose end adjusting device |
GB0111271D0 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2001-06-27 | Asclepion Meditec Ltd | A method of stimulating collagen formation |
EP2314246A1 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2011-04-27 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Cooling system for a photocosmetic device |
DE10125772C2 (en) | 2001-05-26 | 2003-06-18 | Duerr Dental Gmbh Co Kg | Dental or endoscopic camera |
US6679837B2 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2004-01-20 | Intlas Ltd. | Laser light irradiation apparatus |
CA2447881C (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2014-02-11 | Richard Eckhardt | Method and apparatus for sterilizing or disinfecting a region through a bandage |
US6770069B1 (en) | 2001-06-22 | 2004-08-03 | Sciton, Inc. | Laser applicator |
DE10130278B4 (en) | 2001-06-26 | 2005-11-03 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Method and device for representing an operating area during laser operations |
US7150710B2 (en) | 2001-06-26 | 2006-12-19 | Photomed Technologies, Inc. | Therapeutic methods using electromagnetic radiation |
WO2003003903A2 (en) | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-16 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Laser device for medical/cosmetic procedures |
US20030009158A1 (en) | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-09 | Perricone Nicholas V. | Skin treatments using blue and violet light |
CH695085A5 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2005-12-15 | Mibelle Ag Cosmetics | Formulations for care of the skin after laser treatment and / or chemical peels, and use of formulations. |
US7170034B2 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2007-01-30 | Radiancy Inc. | Pulsed electric shaver |
ITPD20010187A1 (en) | 2001-07-23 | 2003-01-23 | Cutech Srl | POLYPHERIC FOLLICLE TREATMENT, IN PARTICULAR AGAINST HAIR LOSS |
WO2003011159A1 (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2003-02-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Skin treating device comprising a processor for determination of the radiation pulse dose |
US6607525B2 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2003-08-19 | Nicolas Franco | Apparatus and method for treating urinary stress incontinence |
US6939344B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2005-09-06 | Syneron Medical Ltd. | Method for controlling skin temperature during thermal treatment |
US7018396B2 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2006-03-28 | New England Medical Center Hospitals, Inc. | Method of treating acne |
US20040260210A1 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2004-12-23 | Engii (2001) Ltd. | System and method for face and body treatment |
US20030032900A1 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2003-02-13 | Engii (2001) Ltd. | System and method for facial treatment |
JP2003052843A (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2003-02-25 | Terabyt:Kk | Wrinkle removing laser treatment device |
EP1425919A4 (en) | 2001-08-15 | 2005-08-24 | Reliant Technologies Inc | Method and apparatus for thermal ablation of biological tissue |
US7094252B2 (en) | 2001-08-21 | 2006-08-22 | Cooltouch Incorporated | Enhanced noninvasive collagen remodeling |
US7384419B2 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2008-06-10 | Biolase Technology, Inc. | Tapered fused waveguide for delivering treatment electromagnetic radiation toward a target surfaced |
US6942658B1 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2005-09-13 | Boilase Technology, Inc. | Radiation emitting apparatus with spatially controllable output energy distributions |
CA2461627A1 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-03 | Roni Zvuloni | Apparatus and method for cryosurgical treatment of tumors of the breast |
US6561808B2 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2003-05-13 | Ceramoptec Industries, Inc. | Method and tools for oral hygiene |
US7144248B2 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2006-12-05 | Irwin Dean S | Device for oral UV photo-therapy |
US6629989B2 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2003-10-07 | Shimadzu Corporation | Phototherapy device for pressure pain point therapy and trigger point therapy |
US6952856B2 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2005-10-11 | Create Co., Ltd. | Ionic toothbrush |
JP3931638B2 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2007-06-20 | 松下電工株式会社 | Biological component determination device |
US20040147984A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2004-07-29 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for delivering low power optical treatments |
US6648904B2 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2003-11-18 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling the temperature of a surface |
US20040199227A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2004-10-07 | Altshuler Gregory B. | Biostimulation of the oral cavity |
US6623272B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2003-09-23 | Kathleen Clemans | Light-emitting toothbrush and method of whitening teeth |
EP1627662B1 (en) | 2004-06-10 | 2011-03-02 | Candela Corporation | Apparatus for vacuum-assisted light-based treatments of the skin |
AU2002321806A1 (en) | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-23 | Inolase 2002 Ltd. | Method and apparatus for improving safety during exposure to a monochromatic light source |
US20040082940A1 (en) | 2002-10-22 | 2004-04-29 | Michael Black | Dermatological apparatus and method |
US20030109787A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2003-06-12 | Michael Black | Multiple laser diagnostics |
US20030109860A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2003-06-12 | Michael Black | Multiple laser treatment |
US20050049582A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2005-03-03 | Debenedictis Leonard C. | Method and apparatus for fractional photo therapy of skin |
US20030216719A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2003-11-20 | Len Debenedictis | Method and apparatus for treating skin using patterns of optical energy |
WO2003051217A2 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2003-06-26 | Monteris Medical Inc. | Hyperthermia treatment and probe therefor |
US6692252B2 (en) | 2001-12-17 | 2004-02-17 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Heat sink with geometric arrangement of LED surfaces |
US7540869B2 (en) | 2001-12-27 | 2009-06-02 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for improved vascular related treatment |
US6863781B2 (en) | 2002-02-26 | 2005-03-08 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Process for photocatalysis and two-electron mixed-valence complexes |
EP1340486A1 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-03 | Cognis France S.A. | Use of sugar esters |
US7086861B2 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2006-08-08 | Pitz Richard J | System for dispensing viscous materials |
US7081128B2 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2006-07-25 | Hart Barry M | Phototherapy device and method of use |
US6927857B2 (en) | 2002-03-09 | 2005-08-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for the detection of marked components of a composite article using infrared blockers |
US6942663B2 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2005-09-13 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Laser treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions |
WO2003077783A1 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2003-09-25 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for hair growth management |
US8840608B2 (en) | 2002-03-15 | 2014-09-23 | The General Hospital Corporation | Methods and devices for selective disruption of fatty tissue by controlled cooling |
US6955684B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2005-10-18 | Savage Jr Henry C | Portable light delivery apparatus and methods |
US20030187319A1 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-02 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Sentinel lymph node detecting apparatus, and method thereof |
AU2003260583A1 (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2003-10-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | System and method for quantitative or qualitative measurement of exogenous substances in tissue and other materials using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy |
US7647092B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2010-01-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Systems and methods for spectroscopy of biological tissue |
US7267672B2 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2007-09-11 | Gregory B. Altshuler | Method and apparatus for processing hard material |
US8348933B2 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2013-01-08 | Laser Abrasive Technologies, Llc | Method and apparatus for processing hard material |
US7322972B2 (en) | 2002-04-10 | 2008-01-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | In vivo port wine stain, burn and melanin depth determination using a photoacoustic probe |
US7255691B2 (en) | 2002-04-16 | 2007-08-14 | Lumerx Inc. | Chemiluminescent light source using visible light for biotherapy |
AU2003228903A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-11 | Jmar Research, Inc. | Method and system for providing a pulse laser |
US20060293727A1 (en) | 2002-05-09 | 2006-12-28 | Greg Spooner | System and method for treating exposed tissue with light emitting diodes |
GB2390021A (en) | 2002-05-17 | 2003-12-31 | Ian Charlesworth | Hand-held led apparatus for treating acne |
US20070239143A1 (en) | 2006-03-10 | 2007-10-11 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Photocosmetic device |
US7479137B2 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2009-01-20 | Ya-Man Ltd. | Laser depilator |
DE10225749C5 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2009-09-10 | Elexxion Gmbh | Medical equipment for treatments in the dental field by means of a laser |
US20030233138A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-18 | Altus Medical, Inc. | Concentration of divergent light from light emitting diodes into therapeutic light energy |
CN1329008C (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2007-08-01 | 帕洛玛医疗技术公司 | Method and apparatus for treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous conditions |
CA2487987C (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2010-04-13 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for photothermal treatment of tissue at depth |
US7001413B2 (en) | 2002-07-03 | 2006-02-21 | Life Support Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for light therapy |
US7201766B2 (en) | 2002-07-03 | 2007-04-10 | Life Support Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for light therapy |
US7282723B2 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2007-10-16 | Medispectra, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for processing spectral data for use in tissue characterization |
FR2842088B1 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2004-12-10 | Seb Sa | ELECTRIC KETTLE |
US20040015158A1 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-22 | To-Mu Chen | Transilluminator device |
WO2004011848A2 (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2004-02-05 | Dahm Jonathan S | Method and apparatus for using light emitting diodes for curing |
US6902397B2 (en) | 2002-08-01 | 2005-06-07 | Sunstar Americas, Inc. | Enhanced dental hygiene system with direct UVA photoexcitation |
US6780177B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2004-08-24 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Conductive interstitial thermal therapy device |
US6860896B2 (en) | 2002-09-03 | 2005-03-01 | Jeffrey T. Samson | Therapeutic method and apparatus |
EP1549211A2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2005-07-06 | Iridex Corporation | Apparatus for real time measure/control of intra-operative effects during laser thermal treatments using light scattering |
KR20050062597A (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2005-06-23 | 팔로마 메디칼 테크놀로지스, 인코포레이티드 | Apparatus for performing photobiostimulation |
US20070213792A1 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2007-09-13 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Treatment Of Tissue Volume With Radiant Energy |
US20070219604A1 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-20 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Treatment of tissue with radiant energy |
JP4790268B2 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2011-10-12 | パロマー・メディカル・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッド | Light processing equipment for use with coolants and topical materials |
US7524316B2 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2009-04-28 | Cooltouch, Inc. | Endovenous closure of varicose veins with mid infrared laser |
US7699058B1 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2010-04-20 | Jay Harvey H | Hair treatment method |
US6824542B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2004-11-30 | Harvey H. Jay | Temporary hair removal method |
US6916316B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2005-07-12 | Harvey H. Jay | Hair treatment method |
US7931028B2 (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2011-04-26 | Jay Harvey H | Skin injury or damage prevention method using optical radiation |
CN1738663A (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2006-02-22 | 帕洛玛医疗技术公司 | Apparatus for performing optical dermatology |
US7377917B2 (en) | 2002-12-09 | 2008-05-27 | The Trustees Of Dartmouth College | Feedback control of thermokeratoplasty treatments |
US6866678B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2005-03-15 | Interbational Technology Center | Phototherapeutic treatment methods and apparatus |
US6991644B2 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2006-01-31 | Cutera, Inc. | Method and system for controlled spatially-selective epidermal pigmentation phototherapy with UVA LEDs |
JP2006511275A (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2006-04-06 | パロマー・メディカル・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッド | Phototherapy device for acne and other hair follicle disorders |
IL154101A0 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2003-07-31 | Univ Ramot | Minimally invasive controlled surgical system with feedback |
US20040143920A1 (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2004-07-29 | Dr. Fresh, Inc. | Illuminated flashing toothbrush and method of use |
GB2397528B (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2005-07-13 | Enfis Ltd | Method and device for treatment of skin conditions |
DE602004027429D1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2010-07-15 | Coherent Gmbh | Set of elements for the surgical ablation of eye tissue |
US7704247B2 (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2010-04-27 | Barbara Ann Soltz | Dual fiber-optic surgical apparatus |
US20040161213A1 (en) | 2003-02-15 | 2004-08-19 | Tsung-Ting Lee | Fiber optic display device |
WO2005110260A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-24 | Arcusa Villacampa Francisco Ja | Handpiece for medical/surgical treatments |
US20040230258A1 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-11-18 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treating pseudofolliculitis barbae |
WO2004077020A2 (en) | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-10 | Spectragenics, Inc. | Skin sensing method and apparatus |
US7118563B2 (en) | 2003-02-25 | 2006-10-10 | Spectragenics, Inc. | Self-contained, diode-laser-based dermatologic treatment apparatus |
US20040176764A1 (en) | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-09 | Centerpulse Spine-Tech, Inc. | Apparatus and method for spinal distraction using a flip-up portal |
JP4435149B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2010-03-17 | トリア ビューティ インコーポレイテッド | Skin contact sensing device |
US7104985B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2006-09-12 | Martinelli Michael A | Apparatus and method for causing selective necrosis of abnormal cells |
US7006223B2 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2006-02-28 | 3Gen, Llc. | Dermoscopy epiluminescence device employing cross and parallel polarization |
EP1611814A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2006-01-04 | Radiancy Inc. | Electric shaver with vibrating head |
JP2006520245A (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2006-09-07 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | How to remove a tattoo |
US7972330B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2011-07-05 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Methods and apparatus for closing a layered tissue defect |
ES2546658T3 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2015-09-25 | The General Hospital Corporation | Method for cosmetic dermatological treatment and fractional skin renewal |
US7153298B1 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2006-12-26 | Vandolay, Inc. | Vascular occlusion systems and methods |
US20040199151A1 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2004-10-07 | Ceramoptec Industries, Inc. | Power regulated medical underskin irradiation treament system |
US20050116673A1 (en) | 2003-04-18 | 2005-06-02 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Methods and systems for controlling the operation of a tool |
US6989023B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2006-01-24 | Oralum, Llc | Hygienic treatments of body structures |
US7144247B2 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2006-12-05 | Oralum, Llc | Hygienic treatments of structures in body cavities |
US6953341B2 (en) | 2003-08-20 | 2005-10-11 | Oralum, Llc | Toothpick for light treatment of body structures |
US20040234460A1 (en) | 2003-05-21 | 2004-11-25 | Tarver Jeanna Gail | Tooth whitening compositions and methods for using the same |
JP3896097B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2007-03-22 | 日本オプネクスト株式会社 | Receptacle type optical module |
JP2005027702A (en) | 2003-07-07 | 2005-02-03 | Ya Man Ltd | Face treatment mask |
US20050015077A1 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-20 | Yevgeniy Kuklin | Method and apparatus for skin treatment using near infrared laser radiation |
US7291140B2 (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2007-11-06 | Cutera, Inc. | System and method for low average power dermatologic light treatment device |
US7145108B2 (en) | 2003-07-22 | 2006-12-05 | Kaz, Incorporated | Configurable heating pad controller |
CN100405988C (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2008-07-30 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Electromagnetic radiation delivery apparatus |
US7208007B2 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2007-04-24 | Cutera, Inc. | System and method utilizing guided fluorescence for high intensity applications |
US20050065502A1 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2005-03-24 | Richard Stoltz | Enabling or blocking the emission of an ablation beam based on color of target |
US8083784B2 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2011-12-27 | Photonx Health Corporation | Photon therapy method and apparatus |
US8870856B2 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2014-10-28 | Cutera, Inc. | Method for heating skin using light to provide tissue treatment |
US7722600B2 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2010-05-25 | Cutera, Inc. | System and method for heating skin using light to provide tissue treatment |
US20050049467A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-03 | Georgios Stamatas | Method for assessing pigmented skin |
US7356053B2 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2008-04-08 | Continuum Electro-Optics, Inc. | Mode-locked laser with variable pulse duration |
US20050102213A1 (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2005-05-12 | Serkan Savasoglu | Systems and methods for accreting remarketable convertible securities |
US20050113890A1 (en) | 2003-11-25 | 2005-05-26 | Ritchie Paul G. | Energy delivery device with self-heat calibration |
US7118564B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2006-10-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Medical treatment system with energy delivery device for limiting reuse |
ITBO20030717A1 (en) | 2003-11-27 | 2005-05-28 | Espansione Marketing S P A | LIGHT IRRADIATION UNIT. |
US7282060B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2007-10-16 | Reliant Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling laser-induced tissue treatment |
US7766903B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2010-08-03 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Patterned laser treatment of the retina |
WO2005065565A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2005-07-21 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Dermatological treatment with vusualization |
US7090670B2 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2006-08-15 | Reliant Technologies, Inc. | Multi-spot laser surgical apparatus and method |
US7041100B2 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2006-05-09 | Syneron Medical Ltd. | Method and system for selective electro-thermolysis of skin targets |
US20050165315A1 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2005-07-28 | Infraredx, Inc. | Side firing fiber optic array probe |
EP1718366A4 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2007-11-21 | Daniel Barolet | Method and device for the treatment of mammalian tissues |
US7344494B2 (en) | 2004-02-09 | 2008-03-18 | Karl Storz Development Corp. | Endoscope with variable direction of view module |
DE102004008681A1 (en) | 2004-02-21 | 2005-09-08 | Eads Space Transportation Gmbh | Method for energy transmission by means of coherent electromagnetic radiation |
US6893259B1 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2005-05-17 | Igor Reizenson | Oral hygiene device and method of use therefor |
US20050203497A1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-15 | Trevor Speeg | Medical apparatus and method useful for positioning energy delivery device |
US20050203496A1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-15 | Ritchie Paul G. | Medical apparatus and method useful for thermal treatment of a lumen |
WO2005092438A1 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Ya-Man Ltd. | Treatment device |
JP4504718B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2010-07-14 | テルモ株式会社 | Heat treatment device |
JP4971133B2 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2012-07-11 | ザ ジェネラル ホスピタル コーポレイション | Equipment for dermatological treatment |
US20090069741A1 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2009-03-12 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Methods And Devices For Fractional Ablation Of Tissue For Substance Delivery |
JP2008500846A (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2008-01-17 | パロマー メディカル テクノロジーズ,インク. | Method and product for making a grid of EMR-treated isolated points in tissue and use thereof |
US20080132886A1 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2008-06-05 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Use of fractional emr technology on incisions and internal tissues |
US20070208252A1 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2007-09-06 | Acclarent, Inc. | Systems and methods for performing image guided procedures within the ear, nose, throat and paranasal sinuses |
AT500141B1 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2008-03-15 | W & H Dentalwerk Buermoos Gmbh | DENTAL LASER TREATMENT DEVICE |
US20050251116A1 (en) | 2004-05-05 | 2005-11-10 | Minnow Medical, Llc | Imaging and eccentric atherosclerotic material laser remodeling and/or ablation catheter |
US20050251117A1 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-10 | Anderson Robert S | Apparatus and method for treating biological external tissue |
US7842029B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2010-11-30 | Aesthera | Apparatus and method having a cooling material and reduced pressure to treat biological external tissue |
US7537735B2 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2009-05-26 | Biomerieux, Inc. | Aspirator systems having an aspirator tip optical level detector and methods for using the same |
JP2008506149A (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2008-02-28 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Light modulator |
US20060007965A1 (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2006-01-12 | Nikolai Tankovich | Passive Q-switch modulated fiber laser |
US8932278B2 (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2015-01-13 | Nikolai Tankovich | Skin treatment system with time modulated laser pulses |
RU2007105751A (en) | 2004-07-16 | 2008-08-27 | Джонсон Энд Джонсон Конзьюмер Компаниз, Инк. (Us) | PROCESSING SKIN WITH LIGHT AND HEALING PRODUCT |
US7333698B2 (en) | 2004-08-05 | 2008-02-19 | Polyoptics Ltd | Optical scanning device |
US20060056589A1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-16 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Radiation-induced cellular adaptive response |
US20060047281A1 (en) | 2004-09-01 | 2006-03-02 | Syneron Medical Ltd. | Method and system for invasive skin treatment |
US7519210B2 (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2009-04-14 | Raphael Hirsch | Method of assessing localized shape and temperature of the human body |
US20060116671A1 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2006-06-01 | Guided Therapy Systems, L.L.C. | Method and system for controlled thermal injury of human superficial tissue |
WO2006036968A2 (en) | 2004-09-28 | 2006-04-06 | Reliant Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for modulation of the immune response using light-based fractional treatment |
WO2006038168A1 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Skin treatment device with radiation emission protection |
US20060122584A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2006-06-08 | Bommannan D B | Apparatus and method to treat heart disease using lasers to form microchannels |
US20060094988A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-04 | Tosaya Carol A | Ultrasonic apparatus and method for treating obesity or fat-deposits or for delivering cosmetic or other bodily therapy |
US20060118127A1 (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-08 | Chinn Douglas O | Tissue protective system and method for thermoablative therapies |
AU2005314712A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2006-06-15 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Oral appliance with heat transfer mechanism |
JP2006192073A (en) | 2005-01-13 | 2006-07-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Phototherapy apparatus |
US8027710B1 (en) | 2005-01-28 | 2011-09-27 | Patrick Dannan | Imaging system for endoscopic surgery |
US20060173480A1 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-03 | Yi Zhang | Safety penetrating method and apparatus into body cavities, organs, or potential spaces |
US7291141B2 (en) | 2005-02-02 | 2007-11-06 | Jay Harvey H | Method and apparatus for enhancing hair removal |
US7258695B2 (en) | 2005-02-08 | 2007-08-21 | Sonetics International | Hair restoration device and methods of using and manufacturing the same |
US20080183250A1 (en) | 2005-02-11 | 2008-07-31 | Hanafi Tanojo | Compositions and methods for treating or preventing skin inflammation via restoration of skin barrier function |
US20060253176A1 (en) | 2005-02-18 | 2006-11-09 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Dermatological treatment device with deflector optic |
CN101132831A (en) | 2005-02-18 | 2008-02-27 | 帕洛玛医疗技术公司 | Dermatological treatment device |
US20060217787A1 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-09-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Light therapy device |
US20080294150A1 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2008-11-27 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Photoselective Islets In Skin And Other Tissues |
US7975702B2 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2011-07-12 | El.En. S.P.A. | System and method for laser lipolysis |
US7856985B2 (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2010-12-28 | Cynosure, Inc. | Method of treatment body tissue using a non-uniform laser beam |
WO2006119431A2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | The Regents Of The University Of Colorado, A Body Corporate | Electromagnetic characterization of tissue |
US7217265B2 (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2007-05-15 | Cooltouch Incorporated | Treatment of cellulite with mid-infrared radiation |
US8127771B2 (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2012-03-06 | Cooltouch Incorporated | Treatment of cellulite and adipose tissue with mid-infrared radiation |
US7624640B2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2009-12-01 | Brown University | Opto-acoustic methods and apparatus for performing high resolution acoustic imaging and other sample probing and modification operations |
US20060293728A1 (en) | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | Roersma Michiel E | Device and method for low intensity optical hair growth control |
WO2007014104A2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2007-02-01 | Tomotherapy Incorporated | System and method of evaluating dose delivered by a radiation therapy system |
US9283038B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2016-03-15 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Hair removing system |
BRPI0614556A2 (en) | 2005-08-08 | 2009-08-04 | Palomar Medical Tech Inc | eye safe photocosmetic device |
US8323273B2 (en) | 2005-08-12 | 2012-12-04 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Systems, devices, and methods for optically clearing tissue |
WO2007027962A2 (en) | 2005-08-29 | 2007-03-08 | Reliant Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling thermally induced tissue treatment |
ATE452610T1 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2010-01-15 | Azienda Usl 4 Prato | PREPARATION OF EYE FLAPS FOR LASER WELDING PROCESS |
WO2007030415A2 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-15 | The Foundry, Inc. | Apparatus and method for disrupting subcutaneous structures |
US7967763B2 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2011-06-28 | Cabochon Aesthetics, Inc. | Method for treating subcutaneous tissues |
AU2006292526A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-29 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Skin optical characterization device |
US20070088206A1 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-19 | Peyman Gholam A | Photoacoustic measurement of analyte concentration in the eye |
US20070121069A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 | 2007-05-31 | Andersen Dan E | Multiple spot photomedical treatment using a laser indirect ophthalmoscope |
US9248317B2 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2016-02-02 | Ulthera, Inc. | Devices and methods for selectively lysing cells |
EP1974422A4 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2011-12-07 | Laser Abrasive Technologies Llc | Method and apparatus for treatment of solid material including hard tissue |
DE102006001849A1 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-19 | Siemens Ag | Mapping catheter for determining image data from the heart comprises a thermal sensor for determining temperature data on the tip of the catheter in the distal region of the catheter |
WO2007099460A2 (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2007-09-07 | Endymion Medical Ltd. | Electrosurgical methods and devices employing phase-controlled radiofrequency energy |
JP2007190566A (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2007-08-02 | Miyachi Technos Corp | Fiber laser beam machining apparatus |
EP1973510B1 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2010-09-22 | Eleme Medical Inc. | Mechanical massage device |
US20070179470A1 (en) | 2006-02-01 | 2007-08-02 | Toombs Ella L | Disposable transparent liposuction cannula/handle |
US20070194717A1 (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Lamp for use in a tissue treatment device |
US7727516B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2010-06-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Reduction of hair growth |
EP2270039B1 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2013-05-29 | Caregen Co., Ltd. | Peptides having activities of insulin like growth factor-1 and their uses |
US7441224B2 (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2008-10-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Streaming kernel selection for reconfigurable processor |
US9675821B2 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2017-06-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Device for thermal treatment of tissue and for temperature measurement of tissue providing feedback |
EP1839705A1 (en) | 2006-03-27 | 2007-10-03 | Universidad de Alcala | Transcutaneous laser therapy patch |
WO2007117580A2 (en) | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-18 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for skin treatment with compression and decompression |
WO2007129424A1 (en) | 2006-04-14 | 2007-11-15 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Treatment device and treatment method |
WO2007122611A2 (en) | 2006-04-20 | 2007-11-01 | Nano Pass Technologies Ltd. | Device and methods combining vibrating micro-protrusions with phototherapy |
US20070260230A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2007-11-08 | Reliant Technologies, Inc. | Opto-mechanical Apparatus and Method for Dermatological Treatment |
US8136531B2 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2012-03-20 | Chariff Mark D | Device and method for treating musculo-skeletal injury and pain by application of laser light therapy |
US20070264625A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-15 | Reliant Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and Method for Ablation-Related Dermatological Treatment of Selected Targets |
US20070280305A1 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2007-12-06 | Oved Zucker | Q-switched cavity dumped laser array |
US8585707B2 (en) | 2006-06-07 | 2013-11-19 | Gary S. Rogers | Continuous low irradiance photodynamic therapy method |
JP2009542330A (en) | 2006-06-27 | 2009-12-03 | パロマー・メデイカル・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレーテツド | Handheld light beauty equipment |
US20080004608A1 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-03 | Alcon, Inc. | Multifunction surgical probe |
US8786554B2 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2014-07-22 | Atmel Corporation | Priority and combination suppression techniques (PST/CST) for a capacitive keyboard |
EP2043544A4 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2010-12-15 | Reliant Technologies Llc | Apparatus and method for adjustable fractional optical dermatological treatment |
US7929579B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2011-04-19 | Cynosure, Inc. | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use |
US7586957B2 (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2009-09-08 | Cynosure, Inc | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use |
US20080058782A1 (en) | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-06 | Reliant Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling density of fractional tissue treatments |
WO2008067334A2 (en) | 2006-11-27 | 2008-06-05 | Rejuvedent Llc | A method and apparatus for hard tissue treatment and modification |
WO2008070747A2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-12 | Clrs Technology Corporation | Light emitting therapeutic devices and methods |
CN101600400A (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2009-12-09 | B·D.·泽利克松 | Be used to remove the laser energy device of soft tissue |
US20080154157A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-26 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Cosmetic and biomedical applications of ultrasonic energy and methods of generation thereof |
US20080154247A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Reliant Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for hair removal and follicle devitalization |
EP2107891A4 (en) | 2007-01-16 | 2012-07-18 | Rejuvedent Llc | Method and apparatus for diagnostic and treatment using hard tissue or material microperforation |
EP2106823A4 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2010-10-27 | Panasonic Elec Works Co Ltd | Optical body hair growth regulating device |
US20080186591A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-07 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Dermatological device having a zoom lens system |
EP2158508A1 (en) | 2007-06-08 | 2010-03-03 | Cynosure, Inc. | Surgical waveguide |
US8187256B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2012-05-29 | Alexander J Smits | Tattoo removal and other dermatological treatments using multi-photon processing |
WO2008157782A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-24 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Eye-safe device for treatment of skin tissue |
US20090018624A1 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-15 | Juniper Medical, Inc. | Limiting use of disposable system patient protection devices |
US8103355B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2012-01-24 | Invasix Ltd | Method and device for minimally invasive skin and fat treatment |
EP2194899A4 (en) | 2007-08-08 | 2012-11-28 | Tria Beauty Inc | Capacitive sensing method and device for detecting skin |
US9039697B2 (en) | 2007-08-17 | 2015-05-26 | Endymed Medical Ltd. | Electrosurgical methods and devices employing inductive energy |
US8439940B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2013-05-14 | Cabochon Aesthetics, Inc. | Dissection handpiece with aspiration means for reducing the appearance of cellulite |
WO2009088550A2 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2009-07-16 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | System and method for conditioning animal tissue using laser light |
US8357145B2 (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2013-01-22 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Implanting medical devices |
ES2395454T3 (en) | 2008-01-17 | 2013-02-12 | Syneron Medical Ltd. | A device for hair removal for personal use and the method of use thereof |
WO2009108933A2 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-03 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for treatment of soft tissue |
US20090222068A1 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | Clrs Technology Corporation | Rapid flash optical therapy |
US20100286673A1 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2010-11-11 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treatment of tissue |
WO2009117437A1 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2009-09-24 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for fractional deformation and treatment of tissue |
US20100036295A1 (en) | 2008-08-08 | 2010-02-11 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for fractional deformation and treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue |
WO2010027829A2 (en) | 2008-08-25 | 2010-03-11 | Laser Abrasive Technologies, Llc | Method and apparatus for regeneration of oral cavity tissues |
US20100109041A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2010-05-06 | Chun-Chiang Yin | High efficiency led structure |
US8410705B2 (en) | 2008-11-18 | 2013-04-02 | Ringdale, Inc. | LED lighting system with bypass circuit for failed LED |
KR20130086245A (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2013-07-31 | 싸이노슈어, 인코포레이티드 | Thermal surgery safety apparatus and method |
WO2010102255A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-10 | Cynosure, Inc. | Non-uniform beam optical treatment methods and systems |
US20100298744A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-25 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | System and method of treating tissue with ultrasound energy |
US20120116271A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2012-05-10 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Cellulite treatment |
US9919168B2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2018-03-20 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method for improvement of cellulite appearance |
US9014799B2 (en) | 2009-10-08 | 2015-04-21 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Transmucosal drug delivery device and method including electrically-actuated permeation enhancement |
KR20120120273A (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2012-11-01 | 레이저 어브레이시브 테크놀로지스, 엘엘씨 | Dental surgical laser with feedback mechanisms |
CN102906497B (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2016-08-17 | 熔合Uv系统公司 | The high heat load light-emitting device of microchannel cooling |
US20110257584A1 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-20 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Methods and devices for injection of a substance into tissue |
US8478717B2 (en) | 2010-07-26 | 2013-07-02 | Oracle International Corporation | Enterprise collaboration with reusable content |
WO2012023129A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2012-02-23 | Syneron Medical Ltd. | Electromagnetic energy applicator for personal aesthetic skin treatment |
US20120099816A1 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2012-04-26 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Photonics module and method of manufacturing |
US20120277659A1 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2012-11-01 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Sensor-lotion system for use with body treatment devices |
-
2006
- 2006-08-02 US US11/461,812 patent/US7586957B2/en active Active
-
2007
- 2007-08-02 WO PCT/US2007/017536 patent/WO2008016714A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2007-08-02 EP EP16163998.4A patent/EP3086421B1/en active Active
- 2007-08-02 EP EP20155408.6A patent/EP3667840B1/en active Active
- 2007-08-02 EP EP21214044.6A patent/EP3985810A1/en active Pending
- 2007-08-02 DK DK20155408.6T patent/DK3667840T3/en active
- 2007-08-02 EP EP07811128.3A patent/EP2054979B1/en active Active
- 2007-08-02 ES ES20155408T patent/ES2908330T3/en active Active
-
2009
- 2009-08-03 US US12/534,357 patent/US20100195680A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-08-03 US US12/534,379 patent/US9028536B2/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-05-11 US US14/708,828 patent/US10849687B2/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-10-14 US US17/070,119 patent/US10966785B2/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-04-05 US US17/221,869 patent/US11712299B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4375684A (en) | 1980-07-28 | 1983-03-01 | Jersey Nuclear-Avco Isotopes, Inc. | Laser mode locking, Q-switching and dumping system |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010026491A2 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-11 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Procedure to remove pigmentary stains and tatoos on the skin by a solid-state dye laser system |
WO2010026491A3 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-06-17 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Procedure to remove pigmentary stains and tatoos on the skin by a solid-state dye laser system |
WO2011009467A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-27 | Bergmann Messgeräte Entwicklung Kg | Activation circuit for a pockels cell |
RU2625623C1 (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-07-17 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Альбедо" (ООО "Альбедо") | Multi-channel electro-optical modulator (versions) |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK3667840T3 (en) | 2022-03-21 |
EP3086421B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
US7586957B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 |
ES2908330T3 (en) | 2022-04-28 |
US20080031288A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
US9028536B2 (en) | 2015-05-12 |
US20090292277A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
US11712299B2 (en) | 2023-08-01 |
EP3667840A1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
WO2008016714A3 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
EP3086421A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
EP3985810A1 (en) | 2022-04-20 |
EP2054979A4 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
US20150245870A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
US20210022804A1 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
EP2054979A2 (en) | 2009-05-06 |
EP3667840B1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
US10849687B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 |
US10966785B2 (en) | 2021-04-06 |
US20100195680A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
EP2054979B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
US20210244470A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11712299B2 (en) | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use | |
US7929579B2 (en) | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use | |
KR102627248B1 (en) | Q-switched cavity dumping subnanosecond laser | |
JP6238468B2 (en) | Laser apparatus using cavity damping and forced mode locking | |
JP2001505103A (en) | Variable pulse width lasing device | |
KR101797118B1 (en) | Single pulse laser apparatus | |
KR101487271B1 (en) | Pulse laser apparatus | |
US7172588B2 (en) | Laser device | |
Jelínková et al. | Er: YAG laser giant-pulse generation | |
RU98928U1 (en) | MULTI-WAVE LASER INSTALLATION OF BACTERICIDAL AND THERAPEUTIC ACTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES | |
WO2009042134A2 (en) | Pulsed diode-pumped feedback- controlled mode-locked laser with frequency conversion |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 07811128 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: RU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2007811128 Country of ref document: EP |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) |