WO2008014684A1 - Procédé permettant la mise en oeuvre de l'équilibrage des charges - Google Patents
Procédé permettant la mise en oeuvre de l'équilibrage des charges Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008014684A1 WO2008014684A1 PCT/CN2007/002249 CN2007002249W WO2008014684A1 WO 2008014684 A1 WO2008014684 A1 WO 2008014684A1 CN 2007002249 W CN2007002249 W CN 2007002249W WO 2008014684 A1 WO2008014684 A1 WO 2008014684A1
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- upe
- user equipment
- mme
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
- H04L12/4641—Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of mobile communication technologies, and in particular, to a method, system and apparatus for implementing load balancing. Background technique
- the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System is a technical standard for third-generation mobile communication systems developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
- 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
- IP Internet Protocol
- the evolved network has many new features, such as: only packet-type services are provided, and real-time services such as voice and video telephony are provided in groups; an Internet Protocol (IP) network is implemented, and each node device in the network is interconnected through an IP network. After each user equipment completes the network attachment, the network assigns an IP address to it.
- IP Internet Protocol
- a better network topology can improve the reliability of the network.
- Many-to-many relationships can be established between devices. Multiple devices share the network load to achieve load balancing.
- FIG. 1 depicts the structure of an evolved network.
- the evolved network consists of three parts, including Evolved Radio Access Network (E-RAN), Evolved Packet Core (EPC), and User Equipment (UE).
- E-RAN refers to an evolved radio access network consisting of several evolved base stations (eNodeBs).
- eNodeBs evolved base stations
- MME Mobility Management Entity
- UPE User Plane Entity
- 3GPP Anchor 3GPP Anchor
- SAEAnchor SAE Anchor
- the MME implements the mobility management and control plane functions of the SI interface.
- the UPE implements user data encryption, header compression, and data frame processing functions.
- the 3GPP Anchor acts as a user plane anchor when moving between the 2G/3G and the evolved network
- SAE Anchor acts as the user plane anchor.
- User plane anchor when moving between 3GPP system and non-3GPP system.
- figure 1 Describes that the MME and the UPE are deployed on different devices, and the 3GPP Anchor and the SAE Anchor are deployed on the same device.
- the interface between the E-RA and the MME is the S1 interface
- the interface between the E-RAN and the MME is the control plane interface Sl.
- -c the interface between the E-RA and the UPE is the user plane interface Sl-u.
- MME and UPE devices In the actual construction of the evolved network, more than one MME and UPE device will be deployed, and the MME and UPE will jointly bear the load of the network. In an evolved network, how to implement several MME and UPE devices to share the network load is a subject to be studied.
- the CN includes a mobile switching center (MSC) and a serving GPRS support node (SGSN), and the following is an SGSN. This example illustrates the method.
- the Access Network Controller (RNC) and the SGSN are interconnected through an IP network to form a many-to-many relationship.
- a number of SGSNs form an SGSN pool.
- Each SGSN is assigned one or several Network Resource Identity (NRI).
- the range covered by all access RCs interconnected with these SGSNs is called a Pool Area. .
- the RNC selects an SGSN to serve the UE in the SGSN pool, and the UE attaches to the SGSN, which is the serving SGSN of the UE.
- the serving SGSN After the UE is successfully attached, the serving SGSN allocates a temporary identifier (P-TMSI) to the UE, and indicates the NRI of the serving SGSN in the P-TMSI.
- the serving SGSN also provides the UE with a cycle time for controlling the periodic routing area update (Period Time). ).
- Period Time Period Time
- the NRI of the serving SGSN is indicated in the message sent to the RC, and the RNC selects the serving SGSN of the UE according to the NI, so the UE is in the pool area.
- the UE is served by the same SGSN.
- the SGSN decides to transfer part of the UE or all UEs to other SGSNs in the SGSN pool.
- the method of transfer is as follows:
- the serving SGSN determines whether the UE needs to be transferred. If the handover is required, the serving SGSN allocates a P-TMSI to the UE, the P-TMSI carries a special Null NRL, and the serving SGSN is the UE. Provide a very short cycle time (Period Time), about 4 seconds. The serving SGSN accepts the attach request of the UE, and indicates that the bearer is carried in the message sent to the UE. Null NRI's P-TMSI and very short cycle times.
- the UE initiates a periodic route update timer according to the new cycle time. When the timer expires, the UE initiates a routing area update using the new P-TMSI.
- the RNC finds that the NRI provided by the UE is a special Null NRL.
- the RNC re-selects the serving SGSN for the UE and routes the routing area update request message to the new SGSN.
- the UE performs a normal routing area update procedure and attaches to the new SGSN. So far, the UE moves from one SGSN to another SGSN and will always serve the UE by the new SGSN, which is the new serving SGSN.
- the new service SGSN reassigns the P-TMSI to the UE and specifies the normal cycle time.
- the P-TMSI indicates the normal NRI of the SGSN.
- the time for transferring the UE is relatively long, and it takes at least one cycle time, for example, 4 seconds, to transfer the UE from the serving SGSN to the UE and transfer to the new SGSN.
- the MME implements the control plane function
- the UPE implements the user plane function.
- the MME device and the UPE device can be configured. The many-to-many control and controlled relationship are established, so the above method cannot be applied in the evolved network where the MME and the UPE are separated.
- the UPE implements the user plane function.
- the above method cannot be applied to the UPE separated evolution network. Summary of the invention
- the main purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method, system, and apparatus for implementing load balancing to solve the problem of load imbalance in an evolved network.
- a method for implementing load balancing according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a system including an E-RAN, one or more MMEs, and one or more UPEs, and the method is implemented as follows:
- the service MME selects the target UPE and attaches the user equipment to the target UPE.
- a system for implementing load balancing according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: an E-RAN connected to a user equipment, a serving MME, and one or more UPEs, where
- the E-RAN is configured to receive an initial message from the user equipment, and access the user equipment to the serving MME;
- the service MME is configured to determine whether the service UPE of the user equipment needs to be transferred, and if the transfer is required, the user equipment selects the target UPE from the one or more UPEs;
- the target UPE is used to provide user plane functions for the user equipment.
- a selection unit configured to select a service UPE for the user equipment
- An attach requesting unit configured to send a UPE attach request to the selected serving UPE.
- a second resource allocation unit configured to allocate a temporary identifier and an IP address to the user equipment after receiving the UPE attach request
- a route update unit configured to perform route update after assigning a temporary identifier and an IP address to the user equipment
- a link establishing unit configured to be a user plane link with the user equipment
- a negotiating unit configured to negotiate encryption algorithms and parameters with the user equipment.
- the embodiment of the present invention uses a plurality of UPEs to jointly bear the load of the network.
- the serving MME of the UE determines that the service UPE of the UE needs to be transferred
- the target UPE is selected for the UE, and the UE is attached to the target UPE.
- the other load is lower in the UPE, so that the evolved network is load balanced and the system is effectively guaranteed to operate normally.
- DRAWINGS 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an evolved network
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a networking structure of a system for implementing an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for implementing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a process of a UE performing a tracking area update according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a UE transfer process initiated by a network
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a serving MME in a system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a target UPE in a system according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
- the system of the embodiment of the present invention includes an E-RAN, an MME resource pool, and a UPE resource pool.
- the MME resource pool includes more than one MME
- the UPE resource pool includes more than one UPE.
- the mobile users in each pool area are served by one MME resource pool and one UPE resource pool.
- the pool area is shown in Figure 2 as consisting of k E-RAN coverage areas, namely E-RAN E-RAN k .
- the MME resource pool is composed of m MMEs, namely MME1 ⁇ MMEm; the UPE resource pool is composed of n UPEs, namely UPE1 ⁇ UPEn.
- the E-RAN is interconnected with the MME and the UPE to form a many-to-many relationship, that is, any E-RAN is interconnected with any MME and UPE, and the UPE is connected to the anchor point.
- the anchor point includes a 3GPP anchor point and a SAE anchor point, and the E-RAN can be connected to the MME and the UPE through an IP network.
- the 3GPP anchor point and the SAE anchor point may be separately set as an independent physical entity, or may be set in the same physical entity.
- the MME and the UPE may be separately configured as an independent physical entity, or may be set in the same physical entity.
- the process between the MME and the UPE described in the present invention As the internal process of the device.
- the MME and the UPE can be interconnected in various manners. The specific method is not limited in the present invention, and the two can communicate with each other.
- MME and the UPE are in a many-to-many relationship, one MME can control several UPE, and one UPE can be controlled by several MMEs.
- the actual control and control relationship between the MME and the UPE depends on the actual configuration of the network.
- the E-RAN is configured to receive an initial message from the user equipment, and access the user equipment to the serving MME, where the serving MME is configured to determine whether the service UPE of the user equipment needs to be transferred, and if the transfer is required,
- the user equipment selects a target UPE from the one or more UPEs; and the target UPE is configured to provide a user plane function for the user equipment.
- the method in the embodiment of the present invention uses the UPE resource pool to provide services for UEs in the pool area, and jointly bears the network load. Normally, the UE is served by the same UPE in the pool area. In order to achieve load balancing between different UPEs in the UPE pool, the UE adjusts the UE to transfer between UPE devices according to its own resource status.
- the MME resource pool may be used to provide services for the UE in the pool area, that is, before the UPE is transferred, the network side performs MME transfer according to its own resource status.
- the serving MME may include: a selecting unit 71 and an attach request unit 72.
- the selecting unit 71 is configured to select a service UPE for the user equipment
- the attach request unit 72 is configured to send a UPE attach request to the selected serving UPE.
- the MME may further include: a first resource allocation unit 73 and a location updating unit 74.
- the first resource allocation unit 73 is configured to allocate a temporary identifier to the user equipment
- the location updating unit 74 is configured to perform an update operation on the current location information of the user equipment.
- the serving MME further includes: a detaching processing unit 75, configured to initiate a UPE detach request after the UPE attach accepts, to release the original UPE default IP bearer.
- the serving MME may further include an attaching and determining module, configured to determine, when receiving the connection request message of the E-RAN, the current connection request, and determine whether the user equipment that needs to be connected is attached for the first time or not for the first time.
- an attaching and determining module configured to determine, when receiving the connection request message of the E-RAN, the current connection request, and determine whether the user equipment that needs to be connected is attached for the first time or not for the first time.
- the communication context of the user equipment may be transferred from the original MME to which the user equipment is attached.
- the serving MME may further include an authentication module, configured to authenticate the UE when the UE is not first attached.
- the serving MME may further include an attach response module, configured to: after the UE attaches the UPE successfully,
- the UE returns an attach accept response.
- the target MME may include: a second resource allocation unit 81, configured to allocate a temporary identifier and an IP address to the user equipment after receiving the UPE attach request;
- the routing update unit 82 is configured to perform routing update after the temporary identifier and the IP address are allocated to the user equipment.
- a link establishing unit 83 configured to be a user plane link with the user equipment
- the negotiating unit 84 is configured to negotiate an encrypted algorithm and parameters with the user equipment.
- the serving UPE may further include an attach response module, configured to feed back the UPE attach accept response to the serving MME after the UE attaches successfully.
- a method for implementing an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
- Step 301 When the user equipment performs network attach or location update, access to the serving MME.
- Step 302 The service MME determines whether the UE has been attached, and if not, performs the step.
- step 304 If yes, go to step 304.
- the serving MME may determine the presence or absence of the communication context of the UE.
- the UE Whether the UE has been attached or not. If the serving MME contains the communication context of the UE, the UE is considered to have been attached. Otherwise, the UE is considered to have not been attached.
- Step 303 The service MME selects a service UPE for the UE, and attaches to the service UPE, and ends the process.
- Step 304 The service MME determines whether the user equipment needs to be transferred to other UPEs. If necessary, select the target UPE and attach the UE to the target UPE. Otherwise, the process ends.
- the step of the user equipment accessing the MME includes: the user equipment establishes a wireless connection with the E-RAN; after the E-RAN receives the initial message from the user equipment that includes the network attachment or location update message, the E-RAN selects the serving MME for the UE. And sending a connection request message to the serving MME; the serving MME determines whether the MME needs to be transferred, and if necessary, determines the target MME, and uses the target MME as the serving MME to establish a signaling connection with the E-RAN; otherwise, the serving MME and the E- Between RAN Establish a signaling connection.
- the target MME needs to authenticate the user equipment to ensure the security of the service. If the authentication is passed, the location update is performed in the HSS. , and then proceed with the subsequent processing steps.
- the UE When the UE is powered on, network attachment is first performed. At this time, the UE sends an initial message containing an attach request message to the E-RAN. After the UE has attached to the network, the UE needs to perform the tracking area update periodically or periodically. At this time, the UE needs to send an initial message containing the tracking area update request message to the E-RAN.
- the UE may also indicate to the E-RAN the MME ID and UPE ID saved by itself.
- the E-RAN sends an attach request message to the MME corresponding to the MME ID. If the MME needs to transfer the MME, if the transfer is required, then the target MME is selected again for the UE, and the attach request of the UE is sent to the target MME, and then the target MME performs the subsequent UPE attaching processing step; Then, the subsequent processing steps of the UPE attachment are directly performed to complete the network attachment.
- the same MME and UPE will serve the UE.
- the UE may need to be transferred between different MMEs in the MME pool. For example, if the MME load exceeds a certain upper limit, in order to avoid a serious overload of the MME, some UEs are transferred to other MMEs; the MME needs to be restarted, and all UEs are transferred to other MMEs within a period of time before the system is restarted; Instructing the ME to transfer part of the UE to other MMEs, for example, a new MME is configured in the MME resource pool, for example, a new MME, or an MME after the system is restarted, so that the new MME can quickly bear the load of the network, and can operate through the O&M.
- the command instructs the MME with higher load to transfer part of the UE to the new MME.
- the MME will reselect the appropriate UPE for the UE and transfer the UE from the original service UPE to the target UPE.
- each time the UE accesses the network it needs to provide the E-RAN with the identifier MME ID of the attached MME, select the serving MME according to the MME ID, and route the signaling message from the UE. Go to the selected service MME.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a process in which a UE roams from another pool area to a local pool area, and details a process in which the UE performs network attachment.
- Step 401 After the user is powered on, the UE searches for the network and selects an evolved network, and the UE establishes a wireless connection with the E-RAN, and the E-RAN is the UE. Allocate the necessary channel resources for the UE to complete subsequent process processing, such as the network attach process and the tracking area update process. How to establish a wireless connection between the UE and the E-RAN can be implemented in a variety of ways, but it is not within the scope of the present invention.
- Step 402 The UE sends an initial message to the E-RAN, where the initial message includes an attach request message.
- the initial message refers to an air interface message for carrying the first message sent by the UE to the MME in the air interface.
- the first message sent by the UE to the MME may be an attach request message or a tracking area update request message.
- service request messages which are carried as message data in the initial message.
- Step 403 After receiving the initial message, the E-RAN selects the serving MME for the UE and sends a connection request message to the selected MME.
- the attach request message is carried in the connection request message as the message data, and the message also carries the E-RAN to allocate the connection.
- the connection ID otherwise, end this process.
- the connection request message refers to the first signaling message for the UE sent by the E-RAN to the MME, and is used to establish a signaling connection between the E-RAN and the MME for a certain UE.
- the E-RAN generally selects the serving MME according to the MME ID indicated by the UE in the initial message. If the UE does not indicate the MME ID, the E-RAN may select the serving MME according to the specific device implementation manner, for example, if the E-RAN obtains each The load information of the MME may be selected according to the load information. If the load information of the MME cannot be obtained, the MME may be selected in order or the service MME may be randomly selected.
- the specific selection manner is related to the device implementation manner of the E-RAN.
- Step 404 After receiving the connection request, the serving MME, in response to the connection request, responds to the E-RAN with a connection response message indicating the connection identifier assigned by the E-RAN, and performing step 405; if the serving MME does not accept the connection request , in response to the connection reject message, indicating the rejection in the message The reason is to end this process.
- whether the serving MME accepts the connection request may be determined according to its pre-configured information and current resource status. For example: Since the serving MME overload cannot accept the attach request and decides to transfer the UE, the message indicates that the reason for the rejection is the transfer UE, and the E-RAN will reselect the serving MME and route the attached request to the new serving MME.
- Step 405 The serving MME determines whether the attach request message carries the temporary identifier of the UE and the tracking area identifier (TAID). If not, the UE is considered to be attached for the first time in the MME, so there is no communication context of the UE in the MME. If yes, the serving MME determines the address of the original attached MME of the UE according to the temporary identifier and the TAID, and the MME requests the original attached MME to transfer the communication context of the UE, and the original attached MME transmits the UE communication context to the serving MME.
- TAID tracking area identifier
- Step 406 The serving MME obtains the user information of the UE from the HSS, and authenticates the UE. If the authentication succeeds, step 407 is performed; if the authentication fails, the process ends.
- the UE needs to be authenticated, but how to authenticate the UE is beyond the scope of the present invention.
- the UE is not attached to the network for the first time, it is also possible to determine whether to authenticate the UE according to the specific situation. For example, the operator may set that authentication must be performed each time the UE is attached, or may determine the first attachment. The authentication is performed, and the non-first attachment is not authenticated.
- Step 407 The serving MME allocates a temporary identifier to the UE, where the MME ID of the serving MME is indicated in the temporary identifier.
- the MME ID may be the network resource identifier (NRI) of the MME, or may be the actual identifier of the MME or other types of identifiers.
- NRI network resource identifier
- Step 408 The serving MME sends a location update message to the home location register (HSS), where the location update message carries at least a TAID, a MME ID, and a UE identity, such as a permanent identity (IMSI).
- HSS home location register
- IMSI permanent identity
- Step 409 The HSS stores information in the location update message, such as the TAID, the MME ID, and the UE identifier, and then responds to the MME with a location update acknowledgement message, where the acknowledgement message carries the subscriber's subscription data in the HSS.
- the user's subscription data may also be sent by the HSS to the MME through other messages.
- the MME may reply the confirmation message.
- the HSS indicates that the original attached MME clears the communication context of the UE, and the original MME indicates that the original attached UPE clears the communication context of the UE and the default IP bearer, which is not shown in the figure.
- Step 410 Since the UE needs to attach to the UPE while attaching to the MME, the MME needs to select a serving UPE for the UE.
- the MME may select the UPE with reference to, but not limited to, the following factors.
- UPE load and status For example: The MME cannot select a UPE that is overloaded or undergoing maintenance, and cannot select a UPE that is about to be restarted or is being restarted.
- the MME should choose the UPE with the best route, that is, the UPE closest to the eNodeB, or the UPE with the smallest user plane path delay;
- the UPE selected by the MME for the UE should be able to access the Home Agent specified in the subscription data. If the Anchor and the UPE are combined, the UPE selected by the MME for the UE is the UPE specified by the Home Agent IP address.
- Step 411 After the MME selects the serving UPE for the UE, the MME sends a UPE attach request to the service UPE, where the message indicates the MME ID, the temporary identifier of the UE, the security parameter, and the subscription data, where the subscription data indicates whether the UPE establishes a default for the UE.
- IP bearer if it needs to be established, also indicates the QoS parameters of the default IP bearer.
- Step 412 After receiving the UPE attach request from the MME, the UPE determines whether the UE has been attached to the current UPE. If not, the UE is attached to the UPE for the first time, and the UPE creates a communication context, allocates a temporary identifier, and allocates a temporary identifier to the UE.
- the IP address, ⁇ stores the parameters carried in the UPE attach request message, such as the MME identifier, the temporary identifier assigned by the MME, the security parameter, and the subscription data. If the UE is already attached to the current UPE, step 413 is performed.
- Step 413 If the subscription data in the UPE attach request message indicates that the default IP bearer needs to be established for the UE, the UPE sends a route update request message to the Anchor, indicating the QoS parameter of the default IP bearer in the message; Independent IP bearer.
- Step 414 After the Anchor receives the route update request message, the QoS parameter according to the default IP bearer The number is the default IP bearer to allocate IP link resources, completes the establishment of the IP bearer route to the UPE, and then responds to the UPE with a route update response message.
- steps 413 and 414 are omitted; if the anchor is combined with the UPE and located at a physical device, steps 413 and 414 become internal processes of the device.
- Step 415 The UPE, the E-RAN, and the UE interact to establish a user plane link between the UPE and the UE, and are used to transmit user data of the default IP bearer.
- the user plane link between the UPE and the UE is composed of a radio access bearer RB between the UE and the E-RAN and a radio access bearer RAB between the E-RAN and the UPE. How to establish a user between the UPE and the UE The surface link is outside the scope of the present invention.
- step 409 If the user subscription data in step 409 indicates that the default IP bearer is not established for the UE, the process of establishing the RAB/RB by the step 415 may be omitted.
- Step 416 The UPE needs to negotiate the encryption algorithm and parameters when the UE is attached to the UPE.
- the UPE negotiates encryption algorithms and parameters with the UE in two ways:
- the signaling message exchanged when the UPE negotiates with the UE is transparently transmitted by the MME;
- the UPE and the UE negotiate directly through the control frame provided by the user plane.
- the present invention does not limit how the UPE and the UE negotiate encryption algorithms and parameters.
- Step 417 The UPE sends a UPE attach accept message to the MME, where the message carries at least the IP address and temporary identifier assigned by the UPE to the UE.
- Step 418 After receiving the attach accept message, the MME answers the attach accept message to the MME, and the message carries at least the temporary identifier and the IP address allocated by the MME and the UPE for the UE.
- the MME that is allocated by the MME for the UE indicates the MME ID of the serving MME, and the temporary identifier assigned by the UE indicates the UPE ID of the serving UPE.
- Step 419 After receiving the attach accept message, the UE stores parameters such as a temporary identifier and an IP address carried in the attach accept message, and responds to the MME with an attach complete message indicating that the new temporary identifier and the IP address have been used.
- the UE completes the attachment to the evolved network, obtains the temporary identifier and IP address assigned by the network, and The required default IP bearer is established.
- the UE initiates an IMS registration process. How the UE performs a specific IMS registration is beyond the scope of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an example in which the MME and the UPE allocate a temporary identifier to the UE at the same time.
- the MME assigns a temporary identifier indicating the MME ID, and the temporary identifier assigned by the UPE indicates the UPE ID. If the temporary identifier is only assigned by the MME, the UPE should indicate the UPE ID in addition to the MME ID, and the UPE will use the temporary identifier assigned by the MME as the identifier of the UE.
- the foregoing embodiment describes a process in which the UE enters the local pool area to initiate network attachment. If the UE enters the local pool area to initiate the 3 trace area update, the process is the same as that in FIG. 4, but the message that the UE interacts with the MME is the tracking area update request. , Tracking area update acceptance and tracking area update completion message.
- FIG. 5 shows a process in which the serving MME reselects the serving UPE and completes the UE transfer when the tracking area update is performed in the pool area after the UE successfully attaches.
- the specific process of the serving MME for the UE to reselect the serving UPE and complete the UE transfer is as follows:
- Step 501 The same as step 401.
- Step 502 After the UE establishes a wireless connection with the E-RAN, the UE sends an initial message to the E-RAN, where the initial message includes a tracking area update request message, and the message also indicates the MME identity (MME ID) attached by the UE.
- MME ID MME identity
- Step 503 After receiving the initial message, the E-RAN selects the serving MME according to the MME ID and sends a connection request message to the serving MME.
- the tracking area update request message is carried as the message data in the connection request message, and the message carries the E. - The connection identifier assigned by the RAN to the UE.
- the connection request is the first signaling message for the UE sent by the E-RAN to the MME, and is used to establish a signaling connection between the E-RAN and the MME for a certain UE.
- Steps 504 - 505 are the same as steps 404 ⁇ 405.
- Step 506 The serving MME re-allocates the temporary identifier for the UE, and indicates the VIME ID of the serving MME in the temporary identifier.
- the MME ID may be the network resource identifier NRJ of the MME, or may be the actual identifier of the MME or other types of identifiers.
- the MME determines whether the location of the tracking area of the UE changes, such as If the change occurs, step 507 is performed, otherwise, step 509 is performed.
- the serving MME since the UE is already attached to the serving MME, the serving MME does not need to acquire the UE communication context from other MMEs. It is also possible not to assign a temporary identity to the UE, which may depend on the implementation and specific circumstances of the device.
- Steps 507 ⁇ 508 are the same as steps 408 - 409.
- Step 509 The serving MME determines that the current serving UPE is not suitable for providing services for the UE. For example, the transmission delay of the UPE to the eNodeB where the UE is located exceeds a specified threshold, or the route is not optimized, or the service UPE is overloaded, or the service UPE is about to be restarted. , Service] V1ME reselects UPE for UE.
- Step 510 The serving MME sends a UPE attach request to the UPE, where the message indicates the MME ID, the temporary identifier of the UE, the security parameter, and the subscription data, where the subscription data indicates whether the UPE establishes a default IP bearer for the UE, and if it needs to be established, The QoS parameters of the default IP bearer.
- Steps 511 to 516 are the same as steps 412 to 417.
- Step 517 The serving MME sends a UPE detach request to the original UPE, indicating that the original UPE clears the communication context of the UE.
- Step 518 The original UPE and Anchor 3 ⁇ 4: default IP bearer. If the UPE is merged with the anchor, the step 518 is omitted, or the default IP bearer of the UPE to the anchor does not exist, and the step 518 can also be omitted.
- Step 519 After the original UPE clears the communication context of the UE, the UPE replies to the serving MME to de-attach the connection, indicating that the original UPE has cleared the communication context of the UE.
- Steps 520 ⁇ 521 are the same as steps 418 ⁇ 419.
- the UE is usually served by the same MME and UPE.
- the MME will reselect the appropriate target UPE for the UE, and transfer the UE from the original service UPE to the target UPE. .
- the network needs to actively transfer UEs between different UPEs in the UPE pool, for example:
- the UPE load exceeds a certain upper limit. To avoid serious overload of the UPE, some UEs are transferred to other UPEs.
- the O&M operation command instructs the UPE to transfer part of the UE to other UPEs.
- a new UPE is used in the UPE resource pool, such as a newly purchased UPE or a UPE after the system is restarted, so that the new UPE can quickly bear the load of the network. .
- Actively transferring the UE between the UPEs is:
- the UPE reports the load and/or status information to the MME, and the MME determines, according to the current load status, the UE that needs to transfer the UPE and pages the UE, instructing the UE to initiate network attachment; after receiving the paging, the UE receives the paging.
- the serving MME Initiating a new network attach procedure, the serving MME reselects the new UPE for the UE, and completes the attach to the new UPE.
- the serving MME may determine the service UPE according to the temporary identifier carried in the attach request message, because the UPE is overloaded, or is about to be restarted, or the O&M command indicates that part of the UE is to be transferred, and the serving MME is the UE. Select UPE and request attachment to the new UPE. Of course, if the serving UPE cannot meet the route optimization requirements, the service MME also reselects the UPE for the UE.
- the UPE reports the load and/or status information of the MME, which may include:
- Status information for example, whether the UPE is about to restart. It can be any combination of the above information, and the overload indication can also be used as one of the status information. How the UPE reports the load and/or status information is beyond the scope of the present invention, but usually when the load or status changes, or periodically triggers the report, the UPE sends a signaling message to the MME.
- the serving MME For the UE that has completed the network attachment, the serving MME stores the communication context of the UE, and records the status information of the UE, such as an active state or an idle state. For the idle state UE, since the user does not activate the service, the transfer UE does not affect the user's service, so the serving MME can transfer the idle state UE. However, there are a large number of UEs in the UPE that are in the idle state. If these UEs are transferred at the same time or in a short period of time, the network load will increase sharply. In severe cases, the system will be overloaded. Therefore, the serving MME should establish a mechanism to ensure that the UE is not caused when the UE is transferred. The system is overloaded. For example, the serving MME transfers one or several UEs at regular intervals.
- An overload causes the UE to be transferred as an example, indicating the process of the network actively transferring the UE.
- Step 601 In the UPE resource pool, all UPEs provide load and status information to the MME that controls it.
- the UPE sends a load status indication message to the MME, where the message indicates the current load and/or status of the UPE.
- the load status indication message includes parameters: current load of the UPE, overload indication, and status information.
- Step 602 The MME determines whether to trigger the UE transfer according to the load and status information reported by the UPE. For example, if the load reported by a UPE exceeds the set upper limit, or the status reported by the UPE indicates that the IJPE has been loaded, the UE is triggered to transfer. At the same time, the MME decides which UE to transfer, and the selection method of the transferred UE is related to the implementation of the MME device, and details are not described herein.
- Step 603 After determining the UE to be transferred, the MME sends a paging message to the UE, and indicates the identifier of the UE, such as the temporary identifier of the UI, and the paging cause, where the paging reason is "Tracking Area Update".
- Step 604' After receiving the paging message whose paging reason is "tracking area update", the UE immediately initiates the tracking area update.
- the UE performs the tracking area update, and the tracking area update process is the same as the normal tracking area update process.
- the serving MME checks the load and status of the serving UPE, and even the route optimization. Because the serving UPE is overloaded, the serving MME reselects the UPE for the UE and completes the attach to the new UPE.
- the UE will perform the re-attachment process, and be transferred to the new UPE during the re-attachment process.
- the tracking area location of the UE is recorded in the serving MME, so the serving MME requests the E-RAN paging UE in the tracking area, the specific paging procedure and how the E-RAN pages the UE beyond the scope of the present invention.
- load balancing referred to in the present invention refers to load balancing when the MME and the UPE are deployed on different physical devices, regardless of how the GPP Anchor and the SAE Anchor are deployed in the evolved network.
- the embodiment of the present invention utilizes a plurality of UPEs to jointly bear the load of the network, and the serving MME of the UE determines whether the service UPE of the UE needs to be transferred. If necessary, the target UPE is selected for the UE, and the attach request is directly sent to the target UPE. The UE is attached to the target UPE, and there is no need to perform a signaling process of two release and establishment between the UE and the E-RAN, since each UPE is an independent object. The physical entity, therefore, when the UPE is overloaded, or the UPE is restarted, the UE can quickly transfer to other lower-loaded UPEs selected by the serving MME, so that the evolved network is load balanced and the system is effectively guaranteed to operate normally.
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Description
一种实现负载均衡的方法、 系统及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信技术领域, 特别是指一种实现负载均衡的方法、 系 统及装置。 背景技术
通用移动通信系统(UMTS )是第三代合作伙伴计划 (3GPP )组织制定 的一种第三代移动通信系统的技术标准。 目前, 3GPP组织在研究 UMTS网络 向后演进的下一代网络,本文中将该网絡称为"演进网络",并制定演进网络的 技术标准。 演进网络具有很多新的特点, 例如: 只提供分组型业务, 语音、 视频电话等实时业务以分组的方式来提供; 实现全因特网协议(IP )网络, 网 络中各节点设备通过 IP网络互连, 每个用户设备完成网絡附着后, 网络为其 分配 IP地址。 更好的网络拓朴结构可以提高网络的可靠性, 设备之间可建立 多对多关系, 多个设备共同承担网絡负载实现负载均衡。
图 1描述了演进网络的结构。 参见图 1所示, 演进网络由三部分组成, 包括演进无线接入网 ( Evolved Radio Access Network, E-RAN )、 演进分组核 心网( Evolved Packet Core, EPC )和用户设备 ( User Equipment, UE )。 E-RAN 是指由若干演进基站 (eNodeB )组成的演进无线接入网。 演进分组核心网中 有四个逻辑功能实体, 即移动性管理实体 ( Mobility Management Entity, MME ) 用户面实体 ( User Plane Entity, UPE )、 3GPP锚点 ( 3GPP Anchor ) 和 SAE锚点(SAEAnchor )。 MME实现移动性管理和 SI接口的控制面功能, UPE实现用户数据的加密、头压缩、数据帧处理功能, 3GPP Anchor作为 2G/3G 与演进网络之间移动时的用户面锚点, SAE Anchor作为 3GPP系统与非 3GPP 系统之间移动时的用户面锚点。 四个逻辑功能实体 MME、 UPE、 3GPP Anchor 和 SAE Anchor如何部署在不同的物理设备, 3GPP组织目前没有确定。 图 1
描述的是 MME和 UPE部署在不同设备,而 3GPP Anchor和 SAE Anchor部署 在同一设备的情况, E-RA 与 MME/UPE之间为 S1接口, 其中 E-RAN与 MME的接口为控制面接口 Sl-c, E-RA 与 UPE之间的接口为用户面接口 Sl-u。
演进网络的实际建设中, 将部署一个以上的 MME和 UPE设备, 并由这 些 MME和 UPE共同承担网络的负载。 在演进网絡中, 如何实现若干 MME 和 UPE设备共同承担网络负载, 是需要研究的课题。
3GPP制定的 TS23.236技术标准中, 提供了一种针对 UMTS网络中核心 网 (CN )节点负载均衡的方法, CN包括移动交换中心(MSC )和服务 GPRS 支持节点 (SGSN ), 下面以 SGSN为例说明该方法。
接入网絡控制器(RNC ) 与 SGSN通过 IP网络互连, 形成多对多关系。 若干个 SGSN组成一个 SGSN池, 每个 SGSN分配有一个或若干个网络资源 标识( Network Resource Identity, NRI ), 所有与这些 SGSN互连的接入 R C 所覆盖的范围称为池区域(Pool Area )。 UE第一次在池区域内执行网络附着 时,由 RNC在 SGSN池内选择一个 SGSN为 UE提供服务 , UE附着到该 SGSN, 该 SGSN即为该 UE的服务 SGSN。 UE成功附着后, 服务 SGSN为 UE分配 临时标识(P-TMSI ), 并在 P-TMSI中指出服务 SGSN的 NRI, 服务 SGSN还 为 UE提供一个用于控制周期路由区更新的周期时间 (Period Time )。 在池区 域内, UE每次执行网絡附着、路由区更新或发起业务呼叫时, 在发送给 R C 的消息中指出服务 SGSN的 NRI, RNC根据 N I选择 UE的服务 SGSN, 因 此 UE在池区域内, 由同一个 SGSN为 UE提供服务。
当 SGSN过载或执行维护操作时, 例如 SGSN设备重启, 由 SGSN决定转移 部分 UE或全部 UE到 SGSN池内的其他 SGSN中。 转移的方法如下:
在 UE执行网络附着或路由区更新时,服务 SGSN判断是否需要转移 UE, 若 需要转移,服务 SGSN为 UE分配一个 P-TMSI,该 P-TMSI中携带一个特殊的 Null NRL 同时, 服务 SGSN为 UE提供一个时间很短的周期时间 (Period Time ) , 大约 4秒。 服务 SGSN接受 UE的附着请求, 并在发给 UE的消息中指出携带有
Null NRI的 P-TMSI和时间很短的周期时间。
UE根据新的周期时间启动周期路由更新定时器, 在定时器超时时, UE使 用新的 P-TMSI发起路由区更新。 RNC根据自身配置的 SGSN的 Null N I, 发现 UE提供的 NRI是特殊的 Null NRL RNC重新为 UE选择服务 SGSN并将路由区更 新请求消息路由到新的 SGSN中。 UE执行正常的路由区更新过程,并附着到新 的 SGSN中。至此, UE从一个 SGSN转移到另一个 SGSN,并将一直由新的 SGSN 为 UE提供服务, 该 SGSN为新的服务 SGSN。 新的服务 SGSN为 UE重新分配 P-TMSI并指定正常的周期时间, P-TMSI中指出 SGSN的正常 NRI。
上述针对 UMTS网络中 CN节点负载均衡的方法的缺点在于:
1 ) 转移 UE的时间比较长, 从服务 SGSN决定转移 UE到 UE转移到新的 SGSN, 至少需要一个周期时间, 例如 4秒;
2 )转移过程消息交互频繁, UE与服务 SGSN需要建立 /幹放两次信令连接, 导致网络开销过大, 如果短时间内转移的 UE比较多, 会导致设备负载加重。
而且,由于 SGSN既实现控制面又实现用户面功能,而在演进网络中, MME 实现控制面功能, UPE实现用户面功能, 当 MME和 UPE设置在不同设备时, MME设备和 UPE设备之间可建立多对多的控制和被控制关系 , 因此上述方法 不能应用在 MME和 UPE分离的演进网络中。
而且,由于 SGSN既实现控制面又实现用户面功能,而在演进网络中, UPE 实现用户面功能, 当 UPE设置在不同设备时, 上述方法不能应用 UPE分离的演 进网络中。 发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明实施例的主要目的是提供一种实现负载均衡的方法、 系统及装置, 以解决在演进网络中负载不均衡的问题。
本发明实施例提供的一种实现负载均衡的方法, 应用于包括 E-RAN、 一 个以上 MME、 一个以上 UPE的系统中, 该方法是这样实现的:
用户设备进行网络附着或位置更新时, 接入到服务 MME;
如果需要转移该用户设备的服务 UPE, 服务 MME选择目标 UPE, 并将 该用户设备附着到目标 UPE。
本发明实施例提供的一种实现负载均衡的系统包括: 与用户设备连接的 E-RAN, 服务 MME以及一个以上 UPE, 其中,
E-RAN, 用于接收到来自用户设备的初始消息, 将用户设备接入到服务 MME;
服务 MME,用于确定是否需要转移用户设备的服务 UPE,如果需要转移, 则为用户设备从所述一个以上 UPE中选择目标 UPE;
目标 UPE, 用于为该用户设备提供用户面功能。
本发明实施例提供的一种移动性管理实体, 包括:
选择单元, 用于为该用户设备选择服务 UPE;
附着请求单元, 用于向所选择的服务 UPE发送 UPE附着请求。
本发明实施例提供的一种用户面管理实体, 包括:
第二资源分配单元, 用于收到 UPE附着请求后, 为用户设备分配临时标 识和 IP地址;
路由更新单元, 用于在为用户设备分配临时标识和 IP地址后, 进行路由 更新;
链路建立单元, 用于与用户设备之间的用户面链路;
协商单元, 用于与用户设备协商加密的算法和参数。
通过上述方案可知, 本发明实施例利用若干 UPE共同承担网络的负载, 由 UE的服务 MME判断当前需要转移 UE的服务 UPE时,则为该 UE选择目 标 UPE, 并将该 UE附着到目标 UPE中, 无须进行 UE和 E-RAN之间两次释 放、建立的信令过程, 由于每个 UPE都是独立的物理实体, 因此当 UPE过载, 或 UPE重新启动时, UE能够快速转移到服务 M E选择的其他负载较低的 UPE, 从而使演进网络负载均衡, 有效的保障系统正常运行。 附图说明
图 1为演进网络的结构示意图;
图 2为实现本发明实施例系统的组网结构示意图;
图 3为实现本发明实施例方法的流程示意图;
图 4为本发明实施例的 UE执行网絡附着的过程;
图 5为本发明实施例的 UE执行跟踪区更新的过程;
图 6为由网络发起的 UE转移流程示意图;
图 7为本发明实施例系统中服务 MME的结构示意图;
图 8为本发明实施例系统中目标 UPE的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
图 2为演进网络中 MME和 UPE部署在不同设备时演进组网的结构示意 图。 参见图 2所示, 本发明实施例的系统包括 E-RAN、 MME资源池、 UPE 资源池。 其中, MME资源池包括一个以上 MME, UPE资源池包括一个以上 UPE。 每个池区域内的移动用户由一个 MME资源池和一个 UPE资源池提供 服务。图 2中示出该池区域由 k个 E-RAN覆盖区组成,即 E-RAN E-RANk。 MME资源池由 m个 MME组成,即 MME1 ~ MMEm; UPE资源池由 n个 UPE 组成, 即 UPE1 ~ UPEn。 E-RAN与 MME和 UPE之间互连,形成多对多关系, 即任意 E-RAN与任意 MME和 UPE互连, UPE与锚点相连。 其中, 锚点包 括 3GPP锚点和 SAE锚点, E-RAN可以通过 IP网絡与 MME和 UPE连接。
在本发明实施例中, 3GPP锚点和 SAE锚点可以都作为一个独立的物理 实体单独设置, 也可以是设置在同一个物理实体中。 MME和 UPE可以都作 为一个独立的物理实体单独设置, 也可以是设置在同一个物理实体中, 当 MME与 UPE设置在同一个物理实体中时, 本发明中描述的 MME与 UPE之 间的流程作为设备内部流程。 当 MME 与 UPE设置在不同的物理实体中时 MME与 UPE可以通过多种方式互连, 具体采用何种方式本发明不作限定, 两者之间可以通信即可。
由于 MME和 UPE之间为多对多关系, 因此, 一个 MME可以控制若干
UPE, 而一个 UPE可以由若干 MME控制。 当然, MME与 UPE之间的实际 控制与被控制关系取决于网络的实际配置。
在本发明实施例的系统中, E-RAN用于接收来自用户设备的初始消息, 将用户设备接入服务 MME, 服务 MME用于确定是否需要转移用户设备的服 务 UPE,如果需要转移,则为用户设备从所述一个以上 UPE中选择目标 UPE; 目标 UPE, 用于为该用户设备提供用户面功能。
本发明实施例的方法是利用 UPE资源池为池区域内的 UE提供服务, 共 同承担网络负载。 正常情况下, UE在池区域内由同一个 UPE为其提供服务。 为了实现 UPE池内不同 UPE之间的负载平衡,在 UE进行附着和跟踪区更新 过程中, 网络侧根据自身资源状况, 调整 UE在 UPE设备之间进行转移。
进一步地,本发明实施例还可以利用 MME资源池为池区域的 UE提供服 务, 即: 在 UPE转移之前, 网络侧根据自身资源状况, 进行 MME转移。
参见图 7所示, 本发明实施例系统中, 所述服务 MME可以包括: 选择单 元 71、 附着请求单元 72。 其中, 选择单元 71 , 用于为该用户设备选择服务 UPE; 附着请求单元 72, 用于向所选择的服务 UPE发送 UPE附着请求。
所述 MME还可以包括:第一资源分配单元 73和位置更新单元 74。其中, 第一资源分配单元 73 , 用于为该用户设备分配临时标识; 位置更新单元 74, 用于对该用户设备的当前位置信息进行更新操作。
当所述初始消息中包括跟踪区更新请求消息时 , 所述服务 MME还包括: 去附着处理单元 75, 用于在 UPE附着接受后, 发起 UPE去附着请求, 以释放原 UPE缺省 IP承载。
当然, 服务 MME还可以包括附着判 模块, 用于在收到 E-RAN的连接 请求消息时, 可以对本次连接请求进行判决, 判断需要进行连接的用户设备 是首次附着还是非首次附着, 在非首次附着时, 可以将该用户设备附着的原 MME中转移出该用户设备的通信上下文。
服务 MME还可以包括鉴权模块, 用于对 UE在非首次附着的时候, 对该 UE进行鉴权。
服务 MME还可以包括附着响应模块, 用于在 UE附着 UPE成功后, 向
UE返回附着接受响应。
参见图 8所示, 本发明实施例系统中, 所述目标 MME可以包括: 第二资源分配单元 81 , 用于收到所述 UPE附着请求后, 为该用户设备分 配临时标识和 IP地址;
路由更新单元 82 , 用于在为该用户设备分配临时标识和 IP地址后, 进行 路由更新;
链路建立单元 83, 用于与用户设备之间的用户面链路;
协商单元 84, 用于与用户设备协商加密的算法和参数。
当然, 服务 UPE还可以包括附着响应模块, 用于在 UE附着成功后, 向 服务 MME反馈 UPE附着接受响应。
参见图 3所示, 实现本发明实施例的方法包括以下步骤:
步骤 301: 用户设备进行网络附着或位置更新时, 接入到服务 MME。 步骤 302: 服务 MME判断该 UE是否已经附着过, 如果没有, 执行步骤
303, 如果有, 执行步骤 304。
这里, 服务 MME可以通过判断是否还有该 UE的通信上下文来确定该
UE是不是已经附着过, 如果服务 MME中含有该 UE的通信上下文, 则认为 该 UE已经附着过, 否则, 认为该 UE还没有附着过。
步骤 303: 服务 MME为 UE选择服务 UPE, 并附着到该服务 UPE, 结束 本流程。
步骤 304: 服务 MME判断是否需要转移该用户设备到其他 UPE, 如果需 要, 选择目标 UPE并将该 UE附着到目标 UPE, 否则, 结束本流程。
用户设备接入到 MME的步骤包括: 用户设备与 E-RAN建立无线连接; E-RAN 收到来自用户设备的含有网络附着或位置更新消息的初始消息后, E-RAN为 UE选择服务 MME,并向服务 MME发送连接请求消息;服务 MME 判断是否需要转移 MME, 如果需要, 则确定目标 MME, 将目标 MME作为 服务 MME, 与 E-RAN之间建立信令连接, 否则, 服务 MME与 E-RAN之间
建立信令连接。
如果将目标 MME作为服务 MME, 与 E-RAN之间建立信令连接的步骤 后, 为了保障服务安全, 目标 MME还需要对该用户设备进行鉴权, 如果鉴权 通过, 在 HSS中进行位置更新, 然后再进行后续处理步骤。
当 UE开机时, 首先进行网络附着, 此时 UE向 E-RAN发送含有附着请 求消息的初始消息。 在 UE已经附着到网络后, UE需要周期或定时的进行跟 踪区更新,此时 UE需要向 E-RAN发送含有跟踪区更新请求消息的初始消息。
UE在非首次附着网络时, UE还可以向 E-RAN指示自身保存的 MME ID 和 UPE ID。 E-RAN将附着请求消息发送给该 MME ID所对应的 MME。 该 MME判断是否需要转移 MME, 如果需要转移, 则重新为该 UE选择一个目 标 MME, 并将该 UE的附着请求发送给目标 MME, 再由目标 MME执行后 续 UPE附着的处理步骤; 如果不需要转移, 则直接执行 UPE附着的后续处理 步骤, 完成网络附着。
一旦 UE成功附着到演进网络, 将由同一个 MME和 UPE为 UE提供服务, 但 是, 为均衡网络负载, 可以需要在 MME池内不同 MME之间转移 UE。 比如: MME负载超过一定上限,为避免 MME严重过载,将部分 UE转移到其他 MME; MME需要系统重启,在系统重启之前一段时间内,将所有 UE转移到其他 MME 中;也可以通过 0&M操作命令指示 M E转移部分 UE到其他 MME,例如, MME 资源池中配置了新的 MME, 如: 新增 MME, 或系统重启之后的 MME, 为使 新的 MME能够快速承担网络的负载, 可通过 0&M操作命令指示负载较高的 MME转移部分 UE到新的 MME。
当 UE执行网络附着或跟踪区更新时, 若当前的服务 UPE不再适合为 ΌΕ提 供服务, 如: 服务 UPE的位置距离 UE所在 eNodeB的距离太远导致传输时延太 长, 或者服务 UPE的负载过重, 或者服务 UPE将进行重启操作, MME将为 UE 重新选择合适的 UPE, 并将 UE从原服务 UPE转移到目标 UPE。
完成附着后, UE每次接入网絡时, 需要向 E-RAN提供附着 MME的标 识 MME ID, 并根据 MME ID选择服务 MME, 并将来自 UE的信令消息路由
到所选择的服务 MME。
图 4是以 UE从其他池区域漫游到本地池区域为例,详细描述 UE执行网 络附着的流程。
参见图 4所示, 本发明实施例的 UE执行网络附着的具体过程如下: 步骤 401 : 用户开机后, UE搜索网络并选择了演进网络, UE与 E- RAN 建立无线连接, E-RAN为 UE分配必要的信道资源, 以便 UE完成后续的流 程处理, 例如网络附着流程、 跟踪区更新流程。 UE与 E-RAN之间如何建立 无线连接, 可以采用多种方式, 但具体釆用何种方式, 不在本发明讨论范围 之内。
步厥 402: UE向 E-RAN发送初始消息, 初始消息中含有附着请求消息。 这里, 初始消息是指在空中接口中, 用于承载 UE发给 MME的第一条消息的 空口消息, 例如, UE发给 MME的第一条消息可以是附着请求消息, 或者跟 踪区更新请求消息、 或者业务请求消息, 这些消息作为消息数据被携带在初 始消息中。
步骤 403: E-RAN收到初始消息后,为 UE选择服务 MME并向所选 MME 发送连接请求消息, 附着请求消息作为消息数据携带在连接请求消息中, 消 息中还携带 E-RAN为连接分配的连接标识; 否则, 结束本流程。 这里, 连接 请求消息是指 E-RAN发送给 MME的、 针对某 UE的第一条信令消息, 用于 为某个 UE建立 E-RAN和 MME之间的信令连接。
这里, E-RAN通常是根据 UE在初始消息中指示的 MME ID选择服务 MME, 若 UE未指出 MME ID, E-RAN可根据具体设备实现方式选择服务 MME, 例如, 若 E-RAN可获得各 MME的负载信息, 可以根据负载信息来选 择服务 MME, 若不能获得 MME的负载信息, 可以按顺序选择 MME或随机 选择服务 MME, 具体的选择方式与 E-RAN的设备实现方式相关。
步驟 404:服务 MME收到连接请求后,如果接受该连接请求,则向 E-RAN 响应连接响应消息, 消息中指出 E-RAN分配的连接标识, 执行步驟 405; 如 果服务 MME不接受该连接请求,则响应连接拒绝消息,在消息中指出拒绝的
原因, 结束本流程。
这里,服务 MME是否接受该连接请求可以根据自身预先配置的信息以及 当前资源状况确定。 如: 由于服务 MME过载不能接受附着请求并决定转移 UE, 消息中指出拒绝的原因为转移 UE, E-RAN将重新选择服务 MME, 将附 着请求路由到新的服务 MME。
步驟 405: 服务 MME判断附着请求消息中是否携带有 UE的临时标识和 跟踪区标识(TAID ), 如果没有, 则认为 UE在 MME中是第一次附着, 因此 该 MME中没有 UE的通信上下文;如果有,服务 MME根据临时标识和 TAID 确定 UE的原附着 MME的地址, MME向原附着 MME请求转移 UE的通信 上下文, 原附着 MME将 UE通信上下文传递给服务 MME。
步骤 406:服务 MME从 HSS获得该 UE的用户信息,对该 UE进行鉴权, 如果鉴权通过, 则执行步驟 407; 如果鉴权失败, 则结束本流程。
这里, 如果 UE是第一次附着, 需要对 UE进行鉴权, 但是如何对 UE进 行鉴权超出本发明范围。对于 UE不是第一次附着网络的情况,也可以根据具 体情况决定是否对 UE鉴权, 例如, 运营商可以设定每次 UE附着时都必须通 过鉴权, 也可以决定对第一次附着的进行鉴权, 对非首次附着的不进行鉴权。
步骤 407:服务 MME为该 UE分配临时标识,临时标识中指出服务 MME 的 MME ID。 MME ID可以是 MME的网络资源标识(NRI ), 也可以是 MME 的实际标识或其他类型的标识。
步骤 408: 服务 MME向归属位置寄存器(HSS )发送位置更新消息, 位 置更新消息中至少携带 TAID、 MME ID和 UE标识, 如永久性标识( IMSI )。
步骤 409: HSS存储位置更新消息中的信息, 如 TAID、 MME ID和 UE 标识, 然后向 MME应答位置更新确认消息, 确认消息中携带有用户在 HSS 中的签约数据。 当然, 用户的签约数据也可以由 HSS 通过其他消息发送给 MME, MME收到签约数据后, 再应答确认消息, 例如, HSS向 MME发送 完位置更新确认消息后, 再向 MME发送插入签约数据消息, MME应答插入 签约数据确认消息。
另夕卜, HSS指示原附着 MME清除 UE的通信上下文, 而原 MME会指示 原附着 UPE清除 UE的通信上下文和缺省 IP承载, 图中未示出。
步骤 410: 由于 UE附着到 MME的同时,还需要附着到 UPE, 因此 MME 需要为 UE选择一个服务 UPE。
MME可以参考但不限于以下因素选择 UPE。
1 ) UPE的负载和状态。 如: MME不能选择已经过载或正在进行维护的 UPE, 也不能选择即将重启或正在重启的 UPE;
2 ) UE签约数据的业务信息。 如: 在 ΌΡΕ与 Anchor合并时, 不能选择 无法接入指定外部 PDN的 UPE;
3 )路由优化。 如: MME应尽量选择路由最优的 UPE, 即距离 eNodeB 最近的 UPE, 或者说用户面路径延迟最小的 UPE;
4 ) 家乡代理(Home Agent )地址。 如: MME为 UE选择的 UPE应能够 访问签约数据中指定的 Home Agent, 若 Anchor与 UPE合并, 则 MME为 UE 选择的 UPE就是 Home Agent IP地址指定的 UPE。
步驟 411: MME为 UE选择了服务 UPE之后, 向该服务 UPE发送 UPE 附着请求, 消息中指出 MME ID、 UE的临时标识、 安全参数、 签约数据, 其中签约数据中指示 UPE是否为 UE建立缺省 IP承载, 若需要建立, 同时指 出缺省 IP承载的 QoS参数。
步骤 412: UPE收到来自 MME的 UPE附着请求后, 判断 UE是否已经 附着在本 UPE中, 如果没有 , 即 UE是第一次在该 UPE中附着, UPE为 UE 创建通信上下文、 分配临时标识和 IP地址, ΌΡΕ存储 UPE附着请求消息携 带的参数, 例如 MME标识、 MME分配的临时标识、 安全参数和签约数据, 如果 UE已经附着在本 UPE中, 执行步骤 413。
步骤 413: 若 UPE附着请求消息中的签约数据指示需要为 UE建立缺省 IP承载, UPE向 Anchor发送路由更新请求消息, 消息中指出缺省 IP承载的 QoS参数; 如果没有指示需要为 UE建立缺省 IP承载呢。
步骤 414: Anchor收到路由更新请求消息后, 根据缺省 IP承载的 QoS参
数为缺省 IP承载分配 IP链路资源, 完成到 UPE的 IP承载路由的建立, 然后 向 UPE应答路由更新响应消息。
这里, 若签约数据指示不要求建立缺省 IP承载, 则步骤 413和 414被省 略;若 Anchor与 UPE合并且位于一个物理设备,则步驟 413和 414成为设备 的内部流程。
步骤 415: UPE、 E-RAN和 UE之间进行交互, 建立 UPE与 UE之间的 用户面链路, 用于传输缺省 IP承载的用户数据。 UPE与 UE之间的用户面链 路, 由 UE与 E-RAN之间的无线接入承载 RB和 E-RAN与 UPE之间的无线 接入承载 RAB组成,如何建立 UPE与 UE之间的用户面链路超出本发明范围。
若步骤 409中的用户签约数据指示不为 UE建立缺省 IP承载,则步橡 415 建立 RAB/RB的过程可以省略。
步骤 416:由于 UPE需要实现对用户面数据的加密,因此 UE附着到 UPE 时, UPE与 UE需要协商加密算法和参数。
UPE与 UE协商加密算法和参数, 可以有两种方式:
方式一, UPE与 UE协商时交换的信令消息由 MME透传;
方式二, UPE与 UE直接通过用户面提供的控制帧协商。
当然, 本发明并不限定 UPE与 UE如何协商加密算法和参数。
步驟 417: UPE向 MME发送 UPE附着接受消息, 消息中至少携带 UPE 为 UE分配的 IP地址和临时标识。
步驟 418: MME收到该附着接受消息后, 向 ΌΈ应答附着接受消息, 消 息中至少携带 MME和 UPE为 UE分配的临时标识和 IP地址。 其中, MME 为 UE分配的临时标识中指出了服务 MME的 MME ID, ΌΡΕ为 UE分配的临 时标识中指出了服务 UPE的 UPE ID。
步骤 419: UE收到该附着接受消息后, 存储附着接受消息中携带的临时 标识和 IP地址等参数, 并向 MME应答附着完成消息, 指示新的临时标识和 IP地址已经被使用。
至此, UE完成到演进网络的附着, 获得网络分配的临时标识和 IP地址, 并
建立了所需要的缺省 IP承载。 UE完成网络附着后, 若用户签约了 IMS业务且 需要进行 IMS注册, UE发起 IMS注册过程。 UE如何执行具体的 IMS注册, 超 出本发明的范围。 需要说明的是, 图 4是以 MME和 UPE同时为 UE分配临时标 识为例, MME分配的临时标识中指示有 MME ID, 而 UPE分配的临时标识中 指示有 UPE ID。 如果只由 MME为 ΌΈ分配临时标识, 那么临时标识中除了指 示 MME ID外, 还应指出 UPE ID, 同时 UPE将以 MME分配的临时标识作为 UE 的标识。
上述实施例描述的是 UE进入本地池区域发起网络附着的过程, 如果 UE进 入本地池区域发起 3艮踪区更新, 其流程与图 4完全相同, 只是 UE与 MME交互 的消息是跟踪区更新请求、 跟踪区更新接受和跟踪区更新完成消息。
图 5所示为 UE成功附着后, 在池区域内执行跟踪区更新时, 服务 MME为 UE重选服务 UPE并完成 UE转移的过程。
参见图 5所示, 服务 MME为 UE重选服务 UPE并完成 UE转移的具体流程如 下:
步骤 501: 与步骤 401相同。
步骤 502: UE与 E-RAN建立无线连接后, 向 E-RAN发送初始消息, 初始消 息中含有跟踪区更新请求消息, 消息中还指出 UE附着的 MME标识 (MME ID ) 。
步骤 503: E- RAN收到初始消息后, E-RAN根据 MME ID选择服务 MME并 向服务 MME发送连接请求消息 , 跟踪区更新请求消息作为消息数据携带在连 接请求消息中, 消息中还携带 E-RAN为 UE分配的连接标识。 这里, 连接请求 是指 E-RAN发送给 MME的、 针对某 UE的第一条信令消息, 用于为某个 UE建 立 E-RAN和 MME之间的信令连接。
步骤 504 - 505与步珮 404 ~ 405相同。
步骤 506: 服务 MME为 UE重新分配临时标识, 临时标识中指出服务 MME 的] VIME ID。 MME ID可以是 MME的网络资源标识 NRJ,也可以是 MME的实际 标识或其他类型的标识。 并且, MME判断 UE的跟踪区位置是否发生改变, 如
果发生改变, 则执行步骤 507, 否则, 执行步骤 509。
这里, 由于 UE已经附着在服务 MME中, 因此服务 MME无需从其他 MME 中获取 UE通信上下文。 而且也可以不为 UE分配临时标识, 这可以取决于设备 的实现和具体情况。
步骤 507 ~ 508与步嫁 408 - 409相同。
步骤 509:服务 MME判断当前服务 UPE不适合为该 UE提供服务,例如, UPE 到 UE所在 eNodeB的传输时延超过指定门限, 或者路由不优化, 或者服务 UPE 已经过载, 或服务 UPE即将重启等情况, 服务] V1ME为 UE重新选择 UPE。
步骤 510:服务 MME向 UPE发送 UPE附着请求,消息中指出 MME ID、 UE的临时标识、 安全参数、 签约数据, 其中签约数据中指示 UPE是否为 UE 建立缺省 IP承载, 若需要建立, 同时指出缺省 IP承载的 QoS参数。
步骤 511 ~ 516与步骤 412 ~ 417相同。
步骤 517: 服务 MME向原 UPE发送 UPE去附着请求, 指示原 UPE清除 UE的 通信上下文。
步骤 518: 原 UPE与 Anchor ¾:缺省 IP承载。 若 UPE与 Anchor合并, 则步骤 518省略, 或者 UPE到 Anchor的缺省 IP承载不存在, 步骤 518也可以省略。
步骤 519: 原 UPE清除 UE的通信上下文后, 向服务 MME应答 UPE去附着接 受, 指出原 UPE已经清除 UE的通信上下文。
步骤 520 ~ 521与步骤 418 ~ 419相同。
从上面可以看出, UE成功附着之后, 通常由相同的 MME和 UPE为 UE提供 服务。 但是, 当 UE再次执行网络附着或跟踪区更新时, 若当前的服务 UPE不 再适合为 UE提供服务, MME将为 UE重新选择合适的目标 UPE, 并将 UE从原 服务 UPE转移到目标 UPE中。
在很多情况下, 网络需要主动地在 UPE池内不同 UPE之间转移 UE, 比如:
( 1 ) UPE负载超过一定上限, 为避免 UPE严重过载, 将部分 UE转移到其 他 UPE;
( 2 ) UPE需要系统重启, 在系统重启之前一段时间内, 将所有 UE转移到
其他 UPE中;
( 3 ) O&M操作命令指示 UPE转移部分 UE到其他 UPE, 例如, UPE资源池 中使用了新的 UPE, 如新购的 UPE或系统重启之后的 UPE, 为使新的 UPE能够 快速承担网络的负载。
在 UPE之间主动地转移 UE是: UPE向 MME上报负载和 /或状态信息, MME 根据当前负载状况确定需要转移 UPE的 UE并寻呼 UE, 指示 UE发起网络附着; UE收到该寻呼后, 发起新的网络附着过程, 服务 MME为 UE重新选择新的 UPE, 并完成到新的 UPE的附着。 在 UE发起新的网络附着过程中, 服务 MME 根据附着请求消息中携带的临时标识可确定服务 UPE, 由于该 UPE已经过载, 或者即将重启,或者 O&M命令指示要转移部分 UE,服务 MME为 UE重选 UPE, 并向新的 UPE请求附着。 当然, 此时如果服务 UPE不能满足路由优化要求, 服 务 MME也会为 UE重选 UPE。
UPE上报 MME的负载和 /或状态信息可以包括:
1 ) UPE的当前负载, 如何评价 UPE的负载超出本发明的范围;
2 )过载指示, 指出 UPE当前是否过载;
3 )状态信息, 例如, UPE是否即将重启。 可以是以上信息的任意组合, 过 载指示也可以作为状态信息的一种。 UPE如何上报负载和 /或状态信息超出本 发明范围, 但通常是当负载或状态发生改变时, 或者周期性触发上报, UPE 向 MME发送信令消息。
对于已经完成网络附着的 UE, 服务 MME存储有 UE的通信上下文、 记录有 UE的状态信息, 如: 激活态或者空闲态。 对于空闲态 UE, 由于用户未激活业 务, 转移 UE不会对用户的业务产生影响, 因此服务 MME可以转移空闲态 UE。 但是 UPE中有大量处于空闲态的 UE, 如果同时或短时间内转移这些 UE, 会导 致网络负载急剧增加, 严重时会导致系统过载, 因此服务 MME应建立一定的 机制以保证转移 UE时不导致系统负载过重, 例如, 服务 MME每隔一定时间转 移一个或几个 UE。
为更加清楚地描述本发明实施例中 UE在 UPE之间转移的方案, 下面以 UPE
一 过载导致 UE转移为例, 说明网络主动转移 UE的流程。
参见图 6所示, 本实施例的具体流程如下:
步骤 601: UPE资源池内, 所有 UPE向控制它的 MME提供负载和状态信息, UPE向 MME发送负载状态指示消息, 消息中指出 UPE的当前负载和 /或状态。 负载状态指示消息中包括参数: UPE的当前负载、 过载指示、 状态信息。
步骤 602: MME根据 UPE上报的负载和状态信息, 决定是否触发 UE转移。 例如, 若某 UPE上报的负载超过设定的上限, 或者 UPE上报的状态显示 IJPE已 经过载, 则触发 UE转移。 同时 MME决定转移哪个 UE, 被转移 UE的选择方法 与 MME设备实现相关, 这里不在赘述。
步驟 603: 确定要转移的 UE后, MME向 UE发送寻呼消息, 在寻呼消息中 指出 UE的标识, 例如 ΌΈ的临时标识, 以及寻呼原因, 其中寻呼原因为 "跟踪 区更新" 。
步骤 604'. UE收到寻呼原因为 "跟踪区更新" 的寻呼消息后, 立即发起跟 踪区更新。 UE执行跟踪区更新, 跟踪区更新的过程与正常的跟踪区更新过程 相同。 在执行跟踪区更新过程中, 服务 MME会检查服务 UPE的负载和状态、 甚至路由优化情况, 由于服务 UPE已经过载, 因此服务 MME为 UE重选 UPE并 完成到新 UPE的附着。
也可以在寻呼消息中指示 UE执行网络附着, 例如寻呼原因为 "重附着" , UE将执行重附着过程, 在重附着过程中被转移到新的 UPE中。
通常, .服务 MME中记录有 UE的跟踪区位置, 因此服务 MME请求跟踪区内 的 E-RAN寻呼 UE, 具体的寻呼过程以及 E-RAN如何寻呼 UE超出本发明范围。
需要说明的是, 本发明所称的负载平衡是指不论演进网络中 GPP Anchor 和 SAE Anchor如何部署, 而 MME和 UPE部署在不同物理设备时的负载平衡。
本发明实施例利用若干 UPE共同承担网络的负载, 由 UE的服务 MME 判断当前是否需要转移 UE的服务 UPE,如果需要,则为该 UE逸择目标 UPE, 并直接向目标 UPE发送附着请求, 将该 UE附着到目标 UPE中, 无须进行 UE和 E-RAN之间两次释放、 建立的信令过程, 由于每个 UPE都是独立的物
理实体, 因此当 UPE过载, 或 UPE重新启动时, UE 能够快速转移到服务 MME选择的其他负载较低的 UPE,从而使演进网絡负载均衡,有效的保障系 统正常运行。
显然, 本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本 发明的精神和范围。 这样, 倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要 求及其等同技术的范围之内, 则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims
1、 一种实现负载均衡的方法, 应用于包括演进无线接入网 E-RAN、 一个 以上移动性管理实体 MME、 一个以上用户面实体 UPE的系统中, 其特征在 于, 该方法包括以下步驟:
用户设备进行网络附着或位置更新时, 接入到服务 MME;
如果需要转移该用户设备的服务 UPE, 所述服务 MME选择目标 UPE, 并将该用户设备附着到目标 UPE。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在用户设备进行网络附着 前, 该方法进一步包括:
UPE向与自身连接的 MME提供负载状态信息;
所述自身连接的 MME根据所述负载状态信息,决定是否触发用户设备转 移, 如果是, 则确定要转移的用户设备, 并向确定的用户设备发送寻呼消息, 其中含有用户设备标识和寻呼原因, 所述寻呼原因为重附着;
收到寻呼原因为重附着的寻呼消息的用户设备进行网络附着。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述用户设备接入到服务 MME的步骤, 具体包括:
用户设备与所述 E-RAN建立无线连接;
所述 E-RAN收到所述用户设备的含有网络附着请求或位置更新消息的初 始消息后, 为用户设备选择服务 MME, 发送连接请求消息至服务 MME; 所述服务 MME判断是否需要转移 MME,如果不需要,则所述服务 MME 与 E-RAN之间建立信令连接; 如果需要, 则确定目标 MME, 将目标 MME 作为服务 MME与 E-RAN之间建立信令连接。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在所述目标 MME作为服 务 MME与 E-RAN之间建立信令连接后, 且在所述服务 MME选择目标 UPE 之前, 该方法进一步包括:
目标 MME对该用户设备进行鉴权,如果鉴权通过,则在归属位置寄存器
中进行位置更新。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于,
如果该用户设备是非首次接入, 所述为用户设备选择服务 MME的步骤, 进一步包括: 将该用户设备上次附着的原 MME作为所选择的服务 MM£;
如果该用户设备是首次接入,所述为用户设备选择服务 M E的步骤,进 一步包括: 根据预先配置的算法为用户设备选择服务 MME。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述服务 MME选择目标 UPE的步骤, 具体包括:
所述服务 MME根据 UPE的负载和状态、用户设备签约数据的业务信息、 路由优化以及家乡代理地址中的一种或几种因素选择目标 UPE。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,在服务 MME选择目标 UPE 之前, 该方法进一步包括:
所述服务 MME判断该用户设备是否已经附着,如果已经附着,则所述服 务 MME选择目标 UPE;
如果没有附着, 则为该用户设备选择服务 UPE, 并附着到该服务 UPE, 结束本流程。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 如果服务 MME确定用户 设备没有附着, 则为所述用户设备选择服务 UPE , 并附着到该服务 UPE的步 骤包括:
所述服务 MME为该用户设备选择服务 UPE, 并向该服务 UPE发送 UPE 附着请求;
所述服务 UPE收到该附着请求后, 为该用户设备创建通信上下文、 分配 临时标识和 IP地址;
建立所述服务 UPE与所述用户设备之间的用户面链路,所述服务 UPE与 所述用户设备协商加密的算法和参数。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述将该用户设备附着到 目标 UPE的步骤包括:
所述服务 MME发送 UPE附着请求给所述目标 UPE;
如果该用户设备没有附着在所述目标 UPE, 所述目标 UPE为所述用户设 备创建通信上下文、分配临时标识和 IP地址, 并建立所述目标 UPE与所述用 户设备之间的用户面链路, 所述目标 UPE与所述用户设备协商加密的算法和 参数 ^
如果该用户设备已经附着在所述目标 UPE, 则建立所述目标 UPE与所述 用户设备之间的用户面链路, 所述目标 UPE与所述用户设备协商加密的算法 和参数。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在目标 UPE与用户设备 协商加密的算法和参数后, 该方法进一步包括:
清除原 UPE中该用户设备的通信上下文。
11、 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 UPE负载状态信息 为 UPE的当前负载状况、 过载指示、 UPE状态中的一种或几种组合。
12、 根据权利要求 8或 9中所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述加密算法和 参数是通过 MME在 UPE和用户设备之间透传, 或通过用户面提供的控制帧 在 UPE和用户设备之间传送。
13、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述服务 MME是根据如 下一种或几种情况判断是否需要转移该用户设备的服务 UPE:
服务 UPE的位置距离用户设备所在演进基站的距离太远导致传输时延太 长, 或者服务 UPE的负载过重, 或者服务 UPE将进行重启操作。
14、 一种实现负载均衡的系统, 其特征在于, 该系统包括: 与用户设备 连接的 E-RAN、 服务 MME以及一个以上 UPE, 其中,
E-RAN, 用于接收来自用户设备的初始消息, 将用户设备接入到服务 ΜΜΕ;
服务 ΜΜΕ,用于确定是否需要转移用户设备的服务 UPE,如果需要转移, 则为所述用户设备从所述一个以上 UPE中选择目标 UPE;
目标 UPE, 用于为该用户设备提供用户面功能。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述服务 MME包括: 选择单元, 用于为该用户设备选择服务 UPE;
附着请求单元, 用于向所选择的服务 UPE发送 UPE附着请求。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述 MME还包括: 第一资源分配单元, 用于为该用户设备分配临时标识;
位置更新单元, 用于对该用户设备的当前位置信息进行更新操作。
17、 根据权利要求 15所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述目标 UPE包括: 第二资源分配单元, 用于收到所述 UPE附着请求后, 为该用户设备分配 临时标识和 IP地址;
路由更新单元, 用于在为该用户设备分配临时标识和 IP地址后, 进行路 由更新;
链路建立单元, 用于与用户设备之间的用户面链路;
协商单元, 用于与用户设备协商加密的算法和参数。
18、根据权利要求 15所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述服务 MME还包括: 去附着处理单元, 用于当所述初始消息中包括跟踪区更新请求消息时, 在 UPE附着接受后, 发起 UPE去附着请求, 以释放原 UPE缺省 IP承载。
19、 一种移动性管理实体, 其特征在于, 该实体包括:
选择单元, 用于为该用户设备选择服务 UPE;
附着请求单元, 用于向所选择的服务 UPE发送 UPE附着请求。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的实体, 其特征在于, 所述 MME还包括: 第一资源分配单元, 用于为该用户设备分配临时标识;
位置更新单元, 用于对该用户设备的当前位置信息进行更新操作。
21、根据权利要求 20所述的实体, 其特征在于, 所述服务 MME还包括: 去附着处理单元, 用于在 UPE附着接受后, 发起 UPE去附着请求, 以释 放原 UPE缺省的 IP承载。
22、 一种用户面管理实体, 其特征在于, 该实体包括:
第二资源分配单元, 用于收到 UPE附着请求后, 为用户设备分配临时标
识和 IP地址;
路由更新单元, 用于在为用户设备分配临时标识和 IP地址后, 进行路由 更新;
链路建立单元, 用于与用户设备之间的用户面链路;
协商单元, 用于与用户设备协商加密的算法和参数。
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