Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
  • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
  • D21H21/28—Colorants ; Pigments or opacifying agents
  • D21H21/285—Colorants ; Pigments or opacifying agents insoluble
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
  • C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
  • C09B67/0004—Coated particulate pigments or dyes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
  • C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
  • C09B67/0004—Coated particulate pigments or dyes
  • C09B67/0008—Coated particulate pigments or dyes with organic coatings
  • C09B67/0013—Coated particulate pigments or dyes with organic coatings with polymeric coatings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
  • C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
  • C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
  • C09B69/106—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds containing an azo dye
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
  • C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
  • C09B69/108—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds containing a phthalocyanine dye
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
  • C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
  • C09B69/109—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds containing other specific dyes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
  • C09C1/44—Carbon
  • C09C1/48—Carbon black
  • C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
  • C09C3/006—Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C3/04 - C09C3/12
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
  • C09C3/08—Treatment with low-molecular-weight non-polymer organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
  • C09C3/10—Treatment with macromolecular organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
  • C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
  • C09D11/322—Pigment inks
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
  • C09D17/003—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints containing an organic pigment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
  • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
  • C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
  • C09D5/028—Pigments; Filters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
  • C09D5/03—Powdery paints
  • C09D5/033—Powdery paints characterised by the additives
  • C09D5/035—Coloring agents, e.g. pigments
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
  • C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
  • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
  • Y10T428/3188—Next to cellulosic
  • Y10T428/31895—Paper or wood

Definitions

• Polymer dispersions are used in many applications. For coloring both dyes and pigments can be used. Because of the higher light and weather resistance, pigments are preferred in aqueous applications. In pigmented systems but especially the stability of the preparation and the fixation on the substrate or in the binder are problematic, also the color effect and the gloss is not always satisfactory. To address these problems, it is state of the art,
• JP 1999 00 040 329 describes the addition of a self-emulsifying resin in a water-compatible solvent.
• a polymer film forms on the pigment surface, which simplifies the dispersion of the pigment in aqueous systems.
• JP 2000 239 392 describes the use of polyurethane / acrylate dispersions.
• the addition of such polymer dispersions to a pigment dispersion also leads to a polar coating.
• the pigments are stable in water and solvents and show good storage stability. Such products are recommended for use in coatings or inks.
• EP-A-1 614 721 pigments are treated with a polymer of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers and urethane group-containing compounds.
• EP-A-1 035 178 describes a chemical surface treatment for improving the storage stability, in which the surface of soot particles is made more polar by oxidation in order to enable use in ink-jet inks.
• Stable dispersions can also be produced by the addition of surface-active components.
• the invention relates to a colored polymer dispersion containing as essential constituents
• Monomer A is a pigment P coated with a polymerizable wax D in which the polymerizable function is an ethylenically unsaturated group, and
• Monomer B is an ethylenically unsaturated compound; (B) at least one nonionic surface-active additive E based on
• At least one anionic surfactant additive F based on sulfonates, sulfates, phosphonates, phosphates or carboxylates
• component (b) From 2 to 60% by weight, preferably from 5 to 45% by weight, in particular from 8 to 35% by weight, of component (a), 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 12% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 5% by weight, of component (b),
• the pigment P may be an organic colored pigment, an inorganic colored pigment, a white pigment, a carbon black pigment or a combination of several pigments.
• the organic colored pigment may preferably be an azo pigment
• Anthanthrone pigment a Anthrapyrimidinpigment, a quinacridone pigment, a quinophthalone pigment, a diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment, a dioxazine pigment, an indanthrone pigment, an isoindoline pigment, an isoindolinone pigment, a Isoviolanthronpigment, a perylene pigment, a perinone pigment, a phthalocyanine pigment, a pyranthrone pigment, a pyrazoloquinazolone, a thioindigo pigment, a triarylcarbonium pigment or a combination of it.
• pigments P are: azo pigments:
• Diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments Cl. Pigment Orange 71, 73 and 81;
• Indanthrone pigments Cl. Pigment Blue 60 and 64;
• Isoindoline pigments Cl. Pigment Orange 61 and 69;
• Isoindolinone pigments Cl. Pigment Yellow 109, 110 and 173;
• Isoviolonthrone pigments Cl. Pigment Violet 31;
• Metal complex pigments Cl. Pigment Red 257;
• Perinone pigments Cl. Pigment Orange 43;
• Perylene pigments Cl. Pigment Black 31 and 32; Cl. Pigment Red 123, 149, 178, 179, 190 and 224;
• Phthalocyanine pigments Cl. Pigment Blue 15, 15: 1, 15: 2,
• Thioindigo pigments Cl. Pigment Red 88 and 181;
• Suitable inorganic color pigments are, for example:
• White pigments titanium dioxide (CI Pigment White 6), zinc white, colored zinc oxide;
• Black pigments iron oxide black (CI Pigment Black 11), iron manganese black, spinel black (CI Pigment Black 27); Carbon black (CI Pigment Black 7);
• Iron oxide yellow (CI Pigment Yellow 42); Nickel titanium yellow (CI Pigment Yellow 53, CI Pigment Yellow 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164 and 189); Chromium titanium yellow; Spinel phases (CI Pigment Yellow 119); Cadmium sulfide and cadmium zinc sulfide (CI Pigment Yellow 37 and 35); Chrome yellow (CI Pigment Yellow 34); Bismuth vanadate (CI Pigment Yellow 184). Cerium sulphide (CI Pigment Red 265); Molybdate red (CI Pigment Red 104); Ultramarine.
• Particularly preferred pigment P is a yellow, cyan, magenta or black pigment.
• inorganic pigments which are commonly used as fillers are transparent silica, quartz flour, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, natural mica, natural and precipitated chalk and barium sulfate.
• Luster pigments are also possible, these being single-phase or multi-phase platelet-shaped pigments whose color play is characterized by the interaction of interference, reflection and absorption phenomena. Examples which may be mentioned aluminum platelets and one or more times, in particular coated with metal oxides aluminum, iron oxide and mica platelets.
• the average particle size d 5 o of the pigments P is preferably at a value between 50 and 500 nm, in particular between 70 nm and 200 nm, more preferably between 70 and 150 nm.
• the polymerizable wax D is preferably a reaction product a polyol, long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids and at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid which may be oligomerized by the addition of a dicarboxylic acid.
• carboxylic acids having more than 7 carbon atoms can be used, but preferably C 8 -C 22 fatty acids and C 22 -C 5 o-wax acids, either in pure form or preferably in the form of mixtures of technical products such as coconut fatty acid , Tallow fatty acid, sunflower acid, montan wax acid, paraffin oxidate or olefin oxidate.
• the mixture of acids is usually composed so that the melting point of the mixture is above 50 0 C.
• the mixtures of long-chain carboxylic acids may still be mixed with small amounts of dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid, dodecanedioic acid, montan-wax dicarboxylic acids.
• dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, dodecanedioic acid, montan-wax dicarboxylic acids.
• polyhydric aliphatic alcohols having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 2 to 10 OH groups can be used, such as glycols, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sugar alcohols, sorbitol and their internal ethers such as sorbitans, their oligomers such as diglycerol, dipentaerythritol, their Polymers such as polyglycols or polyglycerols or the alkoxylates of said polyols.
• ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or itaconic acid, and their anhydrides or esters can be used.
• the stoichiometry is chosen so that one mole of polyol fatty acid partial ester is reacted with one mole of the unsaturated carboxylic acid.
• the polymerizable wax D is exemplified on the reaction product of pentaerythritol, a mixture of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids based on technical montan wax acid and acrylic acid:
• H 2 C CH-OC-OH 2 CC-CH 2 O-CO-Rn 1
• R n H 1 CO-R m
• R m alkyl radical of montan wax acid
• the preparation of the polymerizable wax D can be carried out by reacting the polyol with the long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acid to a partial ester, this can be further converted by esterification with a dicarboxylic acid to a polyester wax. An ethylenically unsaturated acid is then bound via esterification to this partial ester component, so that a solid reactive product having a melting point between 40 and 90 ° C. is formed.
• Such reactive compounds are known and commercially available, for example, under the name ⁇ Licomont ER 165 (Clariant).
• monomer B compounds are used which can react with the ethylenically unsaturated functional group of the coating component D.
• Particularly suitable compounds from this group are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid, in particular methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyalkyl acrylates, acrylates of polyols, esters of methacrylic acid, in particular methyl methacrylate and hydroxyalkyl esters and polyol esters.
• styrene, alkylstyrenes and divinylbenzenes are also used.
• the inventive polymer a) consists essentially of 5 to 95 wt .-%, preferably 20 to 70 wt .-%, in particular 30 to 60 wt .-%, of pigment P, from 2.5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight, in particular from 10 to 30% by weight, of the wax D reacted with monomer B, and from 2.5 to
• the polymer dispersions according to the invention comprise at least one nonionic surface-active additive based on polyethers or polyglycerols.
• the polyethers are in particular polyalkylene oxides or reaction products of alkylene oxides with alcohols, amines, aliphatic carboxylic acids or aliphatic carboxylic acid amides.
• alkylene oxide is also understood to mean aryl-substituted alkylene oxide, in particular phenyl-substituted ethylene oxide.
• polyalkylene oxides preferably C 2 -C 4 -alkylene oxides and phenyl-substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkylene oxides, in particular polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides and poly (phenylethylene oxides), are especially.
• Alkylenoxidblockcopolymere but also random copolymers of these alkylene oxides suitable.
• Block copolymers which comprise polypropylene oxide and polyethylene oxide blocks or also poly (phenylethylene oxide) and polyethylene oxide blocks are particularly suitable.
• they can be obtained by polyaddition of the alkylene oxides onto starter compounds, such as saturated or unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic amines, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid amides.
• these starter compounds can be reacted first with ethylene oxide and then with propylene oxide or first with propylene oxide and then with ethylene oxide.
• ethylene oxide and propylene oxide these starter compounds can be reacted first with ethylene oxide and then with propylene oxide or first with propylene oxide and then with ethylene oxide.
• 1 to 300 mol, preferably 3 to 150 mol, of alkylene oxide are used per mole of starter molecule.
• Suitable aliphatic alcohols generally contain 6 to 26 C atoms, preferably 8 to 18 C atoms, and may be unbranched, branched or cyclic.
• octanol nonanol, decanol, isodecanol, undecanol, dodecanol, 2-butyloctanol, tridecanol, isotridecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecanol, hexadecanol, 2-hexyldecanol, heptadecanol, octadecanol, 2-heptylundecanol, 2-octyldecanol, 2-nonyltridecanol, 2 -Decyltetradecanol, oleyl alcohol and 9-octadecenol and mixtures of these alcohols such as C12 / C10, C13 / C15 and Ci6 / Ci 8 alcohols, and cyclopentanol and cyclohexanol called.
• these alcohols such as C12 / C10, C13 / C15 and Ci6 / Ci 8
• the alkylene oxide adducts to these alcohols usually have average molecular weights Mn of 200 to 5000, especially from 400 to 2000 on.
• aromatic alcohols include, in addition to alpha- and ß-naphthol and their alkyl derivatives in particular phenol and its Alkyl derivatives such as hexylphenol, heptylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, isononylphenol, undecylphenol, dodecylphenol, di- and tributylphenol and dinonylphenol.
• Suitable aliphatic amines correspond to the aliphatic alcohols listed above. Of particular importance here are the saturated and unsaturated fatty amines, which preferably have 14 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of aromatic amines are aniline and its derivatives. Particularly suitable aliphatic carboxylic acids are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, preferably containing 14 to 20 carbon atoms, and hydrogenated, partially hydrogenated and unhydrogenated resin acids, as well as polybasic carboxylic acids, e.g. Dicarboxylic acids, such as maleic acid.
• Suitable carboxylic acid amides are derived from these carboxylic acids.
• the alkylene oxide adducts to at least bifunctional amines and alcohols are of very particular interest.
• divalent to pentavalent amines are preferred which correspond in particular to the formula H 2 N- (R-NR 1 ) n H (R: alkylene; R 1 : hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl; n: 1 to 5) , Specific examples are: ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, propylenediamine-1,3, dipropylenetriamine, 3-amino-1-ethylenaminopropane,
• these amines are first reacted with propylene oxide and then with ethylene oxide.
• the content of the block copolymers in ethylene oxide is usually about 10 to 90% by weight.
• the block copolymers based on polyvalent amines have average molecular weights Mn of from 1000 to 40,000, preferably from 1,500 to 30,000.
• Preferred bifunctional alcohols are dihydric to pentahydric alcohols.
• C 2 -C 3 -alkylene glycols and the corresponding di- and polyalkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol 1, 2 and -1, 3, butylene glycol 1, 2 and -1 , 4, hexylene glycol-1, 6, dipropylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, glycerol and pentaerythritol, wherein ethylene glycol and Polyethylene glycol is particularly preferred and propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol are very particularly preferred.
• Particularly preferred alkylene oxide adducts with at least bifunctional alcohols have a central polypropylene oxide block, that is to say they start from a propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol which initially reacts with further
• Block copolymers of ethylene oxide is usually from 10 to 90% by weight.
• the polyhydric alcohol-based block copolymers generally have average molecular weights Mn of 1,000 to 20,000, preferably 1,000 to 15,000.
• alkylene oxide block copolymers are known and commercially available e.g. under the
• Pigment preparations are to be used, one chooses Alkylenoxidblockcopolymere with different HLB values (Hydrophilic
• alkylene oxide block copolymers having HLB's of about 10, which corresponds to an ethylene oxide content of the copolymers of typically 25% by weight.
• polyglycerols are in particular glycerides of
• Fatty acids such as polyglycerol polyricinoleate.
• the polymer dispersions according to the invention comprise at least one anionic surface-active additive based on sulfonates, sulfates,
• Carboxylates phosphonates or phosphates.
• suitable sulfonates are aromatic sulfonates, such as pC 3 -C 9 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, di- (C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) naphthalenesulfonates and condensation products of
• Naphthalenesulfonic acids with formaldehyde and aliphatic sulfonates, such as C 13 -C 18 - alkanesulfonates, alpha-sulfo-fatty acid-Ca-Cs-alkyl esters, sulfosuccinic and alkoxy, acyloxy and Acylaminoalkan-sulfonates.
• aliphatic sulfonates such as C 13 -C 18 - alkanesulfonates, alpha-sulfo-fatty acid-Ca-Cs-alkyl esters, sulfosuccinic and alkoxy, acyloxy and Acylaminoalkan-sulfonates.
• alkylsulfonates Preference is given to alkylsulfonates, with the di- (C 1 -C 8 -alkyl) naphthalenesulfonates being particularly preferred. Very particular preference Diisobutyl- and Diisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate. Examples of suitable sulfates are C 8 -Cn-
• Alkyl sulfates Alkyl sulfates.
• anionic additives are the sulfonates, sulfates,
• Phosphonates and phosphates of polyethers called nonionic additives. These can be converted by reaction with phosphoric acid, phosphorus pentoxide and
• Sulfonic acid are transferred.
• acidic esters are, like the sulfonates and sulfates listed above, preferably in the form of water-soluble salts, especially as alkali metal salts, especially sodium salts and ammonium salts, but they can also be used in the form of the free acids.
• Preferred phosphates and phosphonates are derived primarily from alkoxylated, in particular ethoxylated, fatty and oxo alcohols, alkylphenols,
• Sterylphenols, fatty amines, fatty acids and resin acids, preferred sulfates and sulfonates are based in particular on alkoxylated, in particular ethoxylated,
• anionic surface-active additives are known and commercially available e.g. under the names Nekal® (BASF), Tamol® (BASF), Crodafos® (Croda), Rhodafac® (Rhodia), Maphos® (BASF), Texapon® (Cognis), Empicol® (Albright &
• Typical auxiliaries are, for example, preservatives, pH regulators, thickeners, retention aids and antifoams.
• Process 1 is characterized in that the pigment P is finely dispersed in aqueous suspension with at least part of components b) and c) under the action of shear forces, the pigment dispersion thus prepared with the polymerizable wax D, optionally a part of monomer B, and optionally with the addition of further component b) and / or c) is homogenized at a temperature above the softening point of D, the thus prepared coated pigment dispersion is mixed with a mixture of water, monomer B, and optionally further component b) and / or c) and polymerized. If appropriate, a customary polymerization initiator is added to the polymerization, the mixture is brought to a temperature of between 70 and 90 ° C. and, if appropriate, further monomer B is metered in.
• Process 2 is characterized in that a miniemulsion is prepared from the molten polymerisable wax D, components b) and c), which is then subjected to a fine distribution under the action of shearing forces together with an aqueous suspension of the pigment P.
• the coated pigment dispersion thus prepared with a mixture of water, monomer B, and optionally further component b) and / or c) is added and polymerized.
• a customary polymerization initiator is added to the polymerization, the mixture is brought to a temperature of between 70 and 90 ° C. and, if appropriate, further monomer B is metered in.
• the pigment is first subjected to wet comminution in aqueous suspension with at least part of the additive E and F.
• the pigment dispersion thus prepared is dispersed with liquid wax D, optionally a part of monomer B, and further additives E and F at temperatures above the melting point of the wax.
• liquid wax D optionally a part of monomer B
• additives E and F at temperatures above the melting point of the wax.
• Stirring units can be used, but it can also dispersants as they are known from the paint production, high pressure homogenizers or other pressure mixing chamber method (Vortex) are used.
• Vortex pressure mixing chamber method
• the liquid wax draws on the pigment, the coated particles are stabilized by the additives E and F. The result is a coated pigment dispersion.
• water and emulsifiers from the group of additives F and a part of the monomers B are introduced and to about 70 to Heated to 80 ° C, then a starter is added and heated to 75 to 90 0 C. After starting the reaction, residual monomer B is metered. The above-mentioned coated pigment dispersion is then metered into the reaction mixture. After the addition, further monomer B can be added. After the reaction is cooled, the pH is adjusted to neutral and preserved.
• a miniemulsion is first prepared from the molten wax D and additives of groups E and F, which after cooling is then mixed with further additives E and F and subjected to wet comminution together with an aqueous suspension of the pigment.
• the wax is ground to the pigment particles.
• the result is a coated pigment dispersion.
• water and emulsifiers from the group of additives F and a part of the monomers B are introduced and heated to about 70 to 80 ° C, then a starter is added and heated to 75 to 90 0 C. After starting the reaction, residual monomer B is metered. The above-mentioned coated pigment dispersion is then metered into the reaction mixture. After the addition, further monomer B can be added. After the reaction is cooled, the pH is adjusted to neutral and preserved.
• the starters used are inorganic or organic free-radical formers. Preference is given to using water-soluble inorganic starters such as ammonium peroxodisulfate or sodium peroxodisulfate, organic starters such as AIBN or organic peroxides are also suitable. In the case of peroxodisulfates as starters, a temperature of about 80 ° C. is optimal for the reaction; for organic peroxides, the temperature is adapted to the optimum of the starter.
• Both processes result in a polymer dispersion in which the pigment particles are chemically bound into the polymer via the well-adhering solid wax layer and in which the particles are stabilized by the additives E and F.
• Polymer dispersions prepared in this way are well compatible with the usual water-based paints or inks. They can therefore be added at high pigment contents as a coloring component. However, depending on the set film-forming temperature of the polymer mixture, they can also be used directly for the formation of coatings or, diluted with water and auxiliaries, can be used as inks in various printing processes.
• the invention therefore also relates to the use of the polymer dispersion according to the invention for the coloring of aqueous
• From the dispersions of the invention may be removed by removal of the solvent and drying, e.g. Spray drying, even colored polymer particles are produced.
• the invention therefore also colored polymer particles consisting essentially of 5 to 95 wt .-% pigment and a polymerized coating prepared by polymerization of 2.5 to 50 wt .-% of a polymerizable wax D, wherein the polymerizable function a is ethylenically unsaturated group, with 2.5 to 50 wt .-% of a monomer B having a functional group which can react with the ethylenically unsaturated group of D, the weight percent being based on the total weight of the coated pigment particles and the sum of the Percent by weight does not exceed 100% by weight, and wherein the polymerisable wax D is a reaction product of a polyol, long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids and at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid which may be oligomerized by the addition of a dicarboxylic acid.
• the nonionic additives b) and / or of the anionic additives c) and other customary auxiliaries can be added to the colored polymer particles Preservative, be present.
• the polymer particles according to the invention are used as colorants, in particular in powder coatings, UV-curing lacquers, electrophotographic toners and developers, in ink-jet inks, in particular on aqueous and non-aqueous basis, in microemulsion and hot-melt ink-jet inks.
• Microemulsion inks are based on organic solvents, water and optionally an additional hydrotropic substance (interface mediator). Microemulsion inks generally contain from 0.5 to 30% by weight, preferably
• the polymer particles according to the invention 1 to 15 wt .-%, the polymer particles according to the invention, 5 to 99 wt .-% water and 0.5 to 94.5 wt .-% organic solvent and / or hydrotrope.
• solvent based ink jet inks preferably contain 0.5 to 30% by weight of the polymer particles according to the invention, 85 to 99.5% by weight of organic solvent and / or hydrotropic compounds.
• Hot-melt inks are usually based on waxes, fatty acids, fatty alcohols or sulfonamides, which are solid at room temperature and liquid when heated, the preferred melting range between about 60 0 C and 140 0 C is about.
• hot melt ink jet inks consist essentially of 20 to
• the polymer particles according to the invention may also be nuanced with other colorants such as, for example, inorganic or organic pigments and / or dyes. They are used in ink sets, consisting of yellow, magenta, cyan and black inks, which contain pigments and / or dyes as colorants. Furthermore, they can be used in ink sets which additionally contain one or more of the so-called “spot colors "in the colors such as orange, green, blue, golden and silver.
• Phthalocyanine, indanthrone or triaryl carbonium pigments in particular the Color Index Pigments Pigment Blue 15, Pigment Blue 15: 1, Pigment Blue 15: 2, Pigment Blue 15: 3, Pigment Blue 15: 4, Pigment Blue 16, Pigment Blue 56, Pigment Blue 60 or Pigment Blue 61; its magenta preparation preferably a pigment from the group of monoazo, disazo, ß-naphthol, naphthol AS, laked azo, metal complex, benzimidazolone, anthanthrone, anthraquinone, quinacridone, dioxazine, perylene,
• the ink sets may contain Nuancierfarbstoffe, preferably from the group Cl. Acid Yellow 17 and Cl. Acid Yellow 23; Cl. Direct Yellow 86, Cl. Direct Yellow 98 and Cl. Direct Yellow 132; Cl. Reactive Yellow 37; Cl. Pigment Yellow 17, Cl. Pigment Yellow 74, Cl. Pigment Yellow 83, Cl. Pigment Yellow 97, Cl. Pigment Yellow 120, Cl. Pigment Yellow 139, Cl. Pigment Yellow 151, Cl. Pigment Yellow 155 and Cl. Pigment Yellow 180; Cl. Direct Red 1, Cl. Direct Red 11, Cl. Direct Red 37, Cl. Direct Red 62, Cl. Direct Red 75, Cl. Direct Red 81, Cl. Direct Red 87, Cl. Direct Red 89, Cl. Direct Red 95 and Cl.
• Reactive Red 126 Cl. Reactive Red 127, Cl. Reactive Red 128, Cl. Reactive Red 129, Cl. Reactive Red 130, Cl. Reactive Red 131, Cl. Reactive Red 137, Cl. Reactive Red 160, Cl. Reactive Red 161, Cl. Reactive Red 174 and Cl. Reactive Red 180.
• the polymer particles according to the invention are suitable for the preparation of inks for use in all conventional ink-jet printers, in particular for those based on the bubble jet or piezo process.
• the polymer particles according to the invention are also suitable as colorants in electrophotographic toners and developers, such as one- or two-component powder toners (also called one- or two-component developers), magnetic toners, liquid toners, polymerization toners and specialty toners.
• electrophotographic toners and developers such as one- or two-component powder toners (also called one- or two-component developers), magnetic toners, liquid toners, polymerization toners and specialty toners.
• Typical toner binders are polymerization, polyaddition and polycondensation resins, such as styrene, styrene acrylate, styrene butadiene, acrylate, polyester, phenolic epoxy resins, polysulfones, polyurethanes, individually or in combination, as well as polyethylene and polypropylene, which contain other ingredients, such as charge control agents, waxes or flow aids, or may be subsequently modified with these additives.
• resins such as styrene, styrene acrylate, styrene butadiene, acrylate, polyester, phenolic epoxy resins, polysulfones, polyurethanes, individually or in combination, as well as polyethylene and polypropylene, which contain other ingredients, such as charge control agents, waxes or flow aids, or may be subsequently modified with these additives.
• polymer particles according to the invention are suitable as colorants in powders and powder coatings, in particular in triboelectrically or electrokinetically sprayable powder coatings, which are used for surface coating of objects made of, for example, metal, wood, plastic, glass, ceramics, concrete, leather, textile material, paper or rubber come.
• the pigment either as a powder or as a presscake, is made into a paste together with the dispersants, the organic solvent and the other additives in deionized water and then homogenized and predispersed with a dissolver or other suitable apparatus. Subsequent fine dispersion takes place with the aid of a bead mill (for example with a MiniZETA 03 from Netzsch) or another suitable dispersing unit, wherein the grinding takes place with cooling to the desired particle size distribution of the pigment particles. The dispersion is then adjusted to the desired final pigment concentration with deionized water.
• a bead mill for example with a MiniZETA 03 from Netzsch
• Another suitable dispersing unit wherein the grinding takes place with cooling to the desired particle size distribution of the pigment particles.
• the dispersion is then adjusted to the desired final pigment concentration with deionized water.
• the resulting emulsifier mixture is stirred with intensive stirring at about 100-120 0 C in the wax melt.
• the resulting melt is slowly poured into the pigment dispersion (a) brought to about 90 ° C. and stirred for a short time at this temperature. Subsequently, the other additives (eg preservatives) are added.
• Example 4 1100 1155 22,, 33 3 28
• Example 5 77 1155,, 66 11, 44 2 25
• Emulsifier nonionic surfactant + anionic surfactant
• Nonionic surfactant ⁇ Genapol T 110
• Genapol LRO (type 1)
• Dispersogen T 160 (type 4).
• Monomer B1 methyl methacrylate 9.4, ethyl acrylate 9.4, methacrylic acid 1.2 monomer B2: methyl methacrylate 5, ethyl acrylate 5
• Solids content 14 - 15%; Pigment content: 7 - 8%; MFT approx. 25.
• Nonionic surfactant Genapol T HO
• Genapol LRO type D
• Dispersogen T 160 (type 4).
• Monomer B1 methyl methacrylate 19.2, ethyl acrylate 18.8, methacrylic acid 2 monomer B2: methyl methacrylate 9.9, ethyl acrylate 10.1
• Solids content 18-19%; Pigment content: 7 - 8%; MFT approx. 25.
• Coating 10%; Pigment: 15%; Emulsifier, type (1): 2.3%.
• Monomer B1 methyl methacrylate 19.2, ethyl acrylate 5.2, methacrylic acid 2.0 monomer B2: methyl methacrylate 34.65, ethyl acrylate 35.35
• Coating 10%; Pigment: 15%; Emulsifier, type (1): 2.3%.
• Monomer B1 methyl methacrylate 8.95, butyl acrylate 5.2, methacrylic acid 1, 25 Solids content: 10 - 11%; Pigment content: 6 - 7%.
• Part of the monomers B is included in the wax coating. The amount of monomer used here is then no longer added in the subsequent polymerization.
• Steps (b) and (c) are carried out analogously to Example 1.
• Example 11 Pigment Black 7 A portion of the monomers B is included in the wax coating. The amount of monomer used here is then no longer added in the subsequent polymerization:
• the polymerisable wax D in molten form is stirred into an aqueous solution of the nonionic and anionic surfactants above the melting point of the wax D and optionally dispersed to form an oil-in-water emulsion.
• the miniemulsion prepared in (b) is admixed with residual nonionic and anionic surfactant and the pigment dispersion prepared in (a) is metered in. With the aid of a grinding or dispersing aggregate, the wax is ground to the pigment particles.
• the polymer dispersions according to the invention and, as a comparison, the corresponding standard dispersions (a) were incorporated in paints and emulsion paints.
• the paint with the polymer dispersions according to the invention was substantially more water-resistant than with the standard dispersions.
• the color yield was higher and the chemical fixation in the matrix after baking substantially better than with the standard powder coatings.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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• Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
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• Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
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