WO2008010604A1 - Dispositif d'imagerie des vaisseaux sanguins et système pour analyser une distribution des vaisseaux sanguins - Google Patents

Dispositif d'imagerie des vaisseaux sanguins et système pour analyser une distribution des vaisseaux sanguins Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008010604A1
WO2008010604A1 PCT/JP2007/064619 JP2007064619W WO2008010604A1 WO 2008010604 A1 WO2008010604 A1 WO 2008010604A1 JP 2007064619 W JP2007064619 W JP 2007064619W WO 2008010604 A1 WO2008010604 A1 WO 2008010604A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
blood vessel
region
imaging
hollow body
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PCT/JP2007/064619
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Toshio Okazaki
Original Assignee
School Juridical Person Kitasato Gakuen
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Publication date
Application filed by School Juridical Person Kitasato Gakuen filed Critical School Juridical Person Kitasato Gakuen
Priority to JP2008525924A priority Critical patent/JPWO2008010604A1/ja
Publication of WO2008010604A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008010604A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4887—Locating particular structures in or on the body
    • A61B5/489—Blood vessels

Definitions

  • the present invention provides an apparatus for irradiating a target region including a blood vessel with probe light to image the distribution state of the blood vessel, and based on the imaging result, the blood vessel distribution, the presence / absence of an abnormal region of angiogenesis, and the progress of Z or abnormality
  • devices that irradiate the skin with near-infrared light and image the distribution of blood vessels, and obtain information on the thickness and distribution of blood vessels from the imaging results to determine the presence or absence of tumors (eg, breast cancer)
  • the present invention relates to an analysis system for discriminating the state of tissue inflammation or disease. Background art
  • mammograms mammography
  • echography ultrasonography
  • tissue deformation due to lesions in suspicious areas If any abnormalities are found by these examinations, further examination of the living tissue (such as duct imaging, tumor marker examination, puncture aspiration cytology) will be performed to make a final diagnosis.
  • the method of detecting blood vessels in the living body by irradiating the skin with living tissue and irradiating near infrared light with a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm is used for diagnosis of cardiovascular function, blood volume and It is used for blood pressure measurement or biometric authentication.
  • Patent Document 1 near-infrared light is irradiated on the back of a finger or a hand, and an imaging element such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) is placed on the back side of the inside of the body. It describes a method for observing the spatial distribution of the intensity of transmitted light. Near-infrared light has a small absorption coefficient due to the components that make up the human body, but a large absorption due to hemoglobin, so it can be obtained as a dark image in which blood vessels are light-absorbed.
  • CCD Charge Coupled Device
  • JP-A-8-164123 (Patent Document 2) irradiates the skin with two types of light having different wavelengths of 4 00 to 6 00 nm and 6 0 to 80 nm, and reflects the internal reflection.
  • Patent Document 2 JP-A-8-164123 irradiates the skin with two types of light having different wavelengths of 4 00 to 6 00 nm and 6 0 to 80 nm, and reflects the internal reflection.
  • JP 2005-21380 Patent Document 3
  • JP 2005-218684 Patent Document 4
  • An invention relating to a biological information video apparatus that visualizes biological function information of a subject from an acoustic signal generated based on the above is described.
  • this photoacoustic spectroscopic analysis method when visible light, near-infrared light, or mid-infrared light having a predetermined wavelength is irradiated on a subject, glucose, hemoglobin, etc.
  • the present invention relates to a diagnostic apparatus capable of observing and photographing a subcutaneous blood vessel distribution non-invasively and simply and analyzing the photographing result, and an analysis system thereof. Tumors that can be found close to the skin, such as breast cancer and skin cancer, which are difficult to identify, can be easily examined at home.
  • the angiography apparatus of the present invention and the blood vessel distribution analysis system have the following configuration.
  • Probe light emitted from the irradiation unit which includes an irradiation unit that can irradiate probe light toward the inspection target region and an imaging unit that receives scattered light and / or transmitted light from the inspection target region irradiated with the probe light.
  • An angiography apparatus configured to prevent the light from directly entering the imaging unit.
  • An irradiating unit that is provided at or near the edge of the open end and can irradiate probe light toward the inspection target site received in the hollow body;
  • the angiography apparatus as described in 1 above further comprising an imaging unit that receives scattered light and / or transmitted light emitted from the buttocks of the inspection target site irradiated with the probe light into the hollow body.
  • the probe light emitting portion of the irradiating portion is provided in the hollow body, and the probe light or its reflected light is directly applied to the imaging portion by being covered by the inspection target portion received inside the hollow body. 4.
  • a hollow body having an open end in a shape capable of being in close contact with a region to be inspected 2) Provided at or near the edge of the open end and facing the opening in the hollow body or near the region to be inspected Irradiating part that can irradiate probe light toward
  • the blood vessel imaging device further including an imaging unit that receives turbulent light and Z or transmitted light.
  • the probe light emitting portion of the irradiating portion is provided at the edge of the opening end, and is covered with the inspection target portion that is in close contact with the hollow body opening portion, thereby allowing the probe light or its reflected light to the imaging portion. 6.
  • the angiography apparatus according to any one of 1 to 13, further including means for specifying an imaging position.
  • the shooting position is specified by measuring the distance and angle from multiple reference positions.
  • the angiography apparatus according to 14 is specified by measuring the distance and angle from multiple reference positions.
  • the irradiation unit includes a plurality of light source rows or arrays or a plurality of optical fiber open end rows or arrays connected to the light sources.
  • a blood vessel abnormality diagnosis device including the angiography device according to any one of 1 to 18 above, a display device that displays a captured image, and a storage device that stores image data.
  • the image data stored in the storage device includes reference data for the normal part and reference data for the abnormal part. By comparing the captured image with the reference data, an abnormality in the blood vessel image in the captured image is detected. 20.
  • the angiography apparatus according to any one of 1 to 18 or the vascular abnormality diagnosis apparatus and the blood vessel distribution analysis apparatus according to any one of 19 to 20, wherein the angiography apparatus or vascular abnormality diagnosis apparatus comprises: A vascular abnormality diagnosis system that analyzes acquired data to determine vascular abnormalities.
  • a blood vessel distribution analyzing apparatus including means for calculating brightness and darkness of an entire image photographed by any of the devices 1 to 18 and comparing the lightness and darkness of each part of the image to determine blood vessel distribution.
  • the gray scale value at the position with the largest gray scale value in the captured image is obtained, the average gray scale value in the area is obtained while enlarging the area to include the position, and the gray scale value is changed. 3.
  • the blood vessel distribution analyzing apparatus according to the item 2 wherein the boundary of the region corresponding to the inflection point is determined as the blood vessel distribution region boundary.
  • the part to be analyzed is divided into non-overlapping polygonal areas of equal area, and the grayscale value of each area is obtained.
  • the low and high areas are combined with their adjacent areas to make a large area, and each grayscale value is obtained. This step is repeated, and the distribution of blood vessels is determined based on the change in the grayscale value between steps.
  • a breast cancer diagnostic apparatus for diagnosing breast cancer by determining vascular abnormalities using the apparatus according to 26.
  • [2 8] A method for diagnosing breast cancer using the breast cancer diagnostic apparatus according to 27.
  • the angiography apparatus of the present invention and the blood vessel distribution analysis system of the present invention blood vessel distribution can be observed and photographed non-invasively and easily, and the photographing result can be analyzed.
  • Breast cancer and skin cancer, which are difficult to identify, can be easily examined at home for tumors that are close to or close to the skin.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the angiography apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the operation principle of the angiography apparatus of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional apparatus using reflected light in contrast to the apparatus of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of the blood vessel distribution analysis system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of blood vessel distribution between a normal site and an angiogenesis site examined by the blood vessel distribution analysis system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram (depopulated distribution) showing an outline of region segmentation by the imaged image and distribution analysis system by the angiography apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram (dense distribution) showing an outline of region segmentation by a captured image and distribution analysis system by the angiography apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing changes in the average gray scale value as the selected area of the photographed images in FIGS. 6 and 7 is enlarged.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the light irradiation unit of the angiography apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 (A) is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the angiography apparatus of the present invention, and (B) is a schematic sectional view corresponding to this.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing still another embodiment of the angiography apparatus of the present invention.
  • the angiography apparatus of the present invention and its blood vessel distribution analysis system will be described below.
  • An angiography apparatus of the present invention includes an irradiation unit that can irradiate probe light toward a region to be inspected and an imaging unit that receives scattered light and Z or transmitted light from the region to be inspected by the probe light.
  • the probe light emitted from the camera is configured not to directly enter the imaging unit.
  • it may include various aspects, but typically, as the first aspect
  • An irradiating unit that is provided at or near the edge of the open end and can irradiate probe light toward the inspection target site received in the hollow body
  • the angiography apparatus having an imaging unit that receives scattered light and / or transmitted light emitted from the inside of the examination target irradiated with the probe light into the hollow body, and further, as a second aspect,
  • an irradiating unit that is provided at or near the edge of the opening end and that can irradiate probe light toward the inspection target site facing the opening in the hollow body or the vicinity thereof;
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of the embodiment of the first aspect of the angiography apparatus of the present invention. This is an example in which the hollow body is a cylindrical body, and is largely composed of the following three parts.
  • a hollow body having a shape of an open end that can be in close contact with a region to be inspected, and receiving a part of the region to be inspected when the open end is in close contact with the region to be inspected [cylinder (1) ],
  • An irradiating portion (2) provided at or near the edge of the opening end and capable of irradiating probe light toward the inspection target portion received in the cylinder.
  • An imaging unit (3) that accepts scattered light and Z or transmitted light from the inside of the examination target irradiated with the probe light.
  • the first major feature of the angiography apparatus of the first aspect of the present invention is that the site to be examined is taken into the apparatus (FIG. 2 (B)), and the probe light is taken from its side. By irradiating p, the scattered light and / or transmitted light s from inside the region to be inspected is imaged (Fig. 2 (C)).
  • the imaging apparatus of the present invention has an open end shaped so as to be in close contact with the region to be inspected, and a part of the region to be inspected when the open end is in close contact with the region to be inspected (20).
  • (21) has a hollow body [cylinder (1)] for receiving the inside thereof. If the part to be inspected is a body part rich in elasticity, the opening end should be shaped so that it can be in close contact with it, and the opening end will be pressed against the part to be inspected so that a part of the part to be inspected will be pushed into it. However, preferably, the inside of the hollow body [tubular body (1)] can be decompressed, and the site to be inspected is drawn into the inside. (Refer to Fig. 2 (B) and (C)).
  • the shape of the hollow body [tubular body (1)] is not particularly limited as long as a photographing unit described later can be provided, and may be a cylindrical body such as a cylinder or a rectangular tube, but may be spherical (however, having an open end), Any shape such as hemisphere, truncated cone, truncated pyramid may be used.
  • the hollow body is sufficient if it can take the region to be inspected inside, and as long as it has a hollow portion as long as it is provided. As long as the effect is achieved, a pair of opposing rib-like members may be used.
  • the distance traveled in the region to be inspected differs when the probe light is irradiated from the inner periphery of the open end.
  • the open end diameter of the hollow body (1) is usually about 0.5 to 10 cm, preferably about 1 to 5 cm, although it depends on the size of the region to be examined. If the open end is too small, the inspection efficiency is poor, and the ingestion of the inspection target part into the cylinder does not proceed smoothly. In addition, if the opening end is too large, the probe light absorption in the region to be inspected becomes large and sufficient inspection cannot be performed.
  • the means is not particularly limited.
  • a pipe or the like is pulled out from a part of the cylinder and the other end is connected to the pressure reducing device.
  • the decompression device any means such as a decompression device based on a reciprocating motion of a piston, a rotational motor or an eccentric motor, or a decompression pump based on a cyclone method can be used. A pump is preferred.
  • the switch of the decompression device can be attached to the cylinder or the back of the imaging unit (3), which will be described later, and sucked at the desired position while operating. You can do it.
  • the cylinder, the decompression device, or the pipe connecting them should not be excessively decompressed, or maintained at a certain level, or the inside of the cylinder could be quickly returned to atmospheric pressure at the end of shooting.
  • a hole valve means that can be opened and closed may be provided as appropriate. Any means known to those skilled in the art can be used as the means for adjusting the degree of decompression.
  • the material of the hollow body (1) is not particularly limited, but is preferably made of a material that is easy to process and has a certain pressure resistance, and that at least the inner surface thereof easily absorbs probe light (for example, near infrared rays) described later.
  • the opening is preferably made of a material that is easy to install the light emitting means described later and has excellent adhesion to the region to be examined (for example, skin).
  • Each part may be composed of a separate material to meet these conditions.
  • the degree of decompression depends on the flexibility of the target part, the diameter of the opening end, etc., but the target part should be pulled into the opening end at least about 2 to 5 mm.
  • the pressure may be reduced from atmospheric pressure to about 1 to 100 h Pa. If the pressure becomes higher than this, the subject may feel pain in the decompression area.
  • the irradiating part (2) is provided at or near the opening edge of the hollow body (1) as shown in FIGS.
  • the light emitting means may be arranged along the opening end of the hollow body (1) with the inner side facing the edge.
  • the light emitting means is typically a light emitting diode (LED).
  • Probe light has a wavelength that penetrates biological tissue relatively well and is absorbed by blood vessels, particularly hemoglobin, but near infrared light having a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm is relatively
  • hemoglobin in erythrocytes that flow through blood vessels specifically absorbs near infrared light at 8500 nm, so near infrared light in the above wavelength range is preferable.
  • a light-emitting diode is used by combining multiple wavelength ranges.
  • the absorption wavelength of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin) 850 nm and the absorption wavelength of deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyhemoglobin) 76 0 It may be possible to switch the wavelength of the LED light to be irradiated so that both nm can be measured.
  • the probe light may be a normal light beam or a laser beam.
  • the LEDs As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (A), it is preferable to arrange the LEDs evenly along the entire inner circumference. As shown in Fig. 1 and the like, it is preferable to provide them as densely as possible, but they may be provided at intervals. Also, as mentioned above, when using LEDs in multiple wavelength ranges, you can install them in combination. Further, when the inside of the hollow body (1) is depressurized, the surface ⁇ in contact with the target portion is smoothly received as shown in FIG. It may have an inclined shape.
  • the photographing part (3) is provided at a position opposite to the opening as shown in FIG.
  • the hollow body (1) has a rotationally symmetric shape (for example, a cylindrical shape)
  • the hollow body (1) is provided on the surface facing the opening on the axis.
  • the probe light scattered and transmitted from the target site may be extracted from the hollow body (1) through, for example, an optical fiber and guided to an imaging unit provided separately.
  • the irradiation section is typically a circular row as shown in the above example, but it may be an array that extends in two dimensions.
  • the imaging unit (3) typically has a transparent partition (eg, glass or polycarbonate plate) and / or optical system (eg, lens) (4), camera holder ( 5) and imaging means (eg, CCD substrate) (6) Mu
  • the transparent plate is provided for the purpose of avoiding the effects of pressure changes in the cylinder, preventing the pressure reduction in the cylinder from being reduced, and limiting contamination by sebum.
  • the optical system (4), the camera holder (5), and the imaging means (6) can be configured using configurations, materials, and structures known to those skilled in the art. These may be any one that can detect the above-mentioned light, and those that are commercially available as CCD camera units may be used.
  • shooting includes not only still image shooting but also moving image shooting. Therefore, for example, it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional image in the vertical direction of the target portion by performing imaging while sucking the target portion and performing differential processing on the images of the respective frames.
  • the probe light p is emitted from a position facing the inspection target part toward the inspection target part. For this reason, even if the imaging unit is provided at a position opposite to the opening, most of the incident light to the imaging unit is reflected light r from the target surface (for example, the skin surface), and the inside of the target site (for example, Only a small amount of information is available from the skin.
  • the target surface for example, the skin surface
  • the inside of the target site for example, Only a small amount of information is available from the skin.
  • the scattered light and transmitted light from the inside of the target site for example, intradermal
  • the surface of the probe light emitting portion is covered with the target site (becomes in close contact) because reflected light from the surface of the target site does not enter the imaging site as noise.
  • the present invention includes an apparatus that acquires not only the entire region to be examined but also a part of the captured image.
  • the radiographic image data may be input, displayed, or stored in the blood vessel distribution analysis system described below or other display device or storage device (collectively represented as “computer” in FIG. 1). ,.
  • the site to be examined by the angiography apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an accessible site, but usually the skin of humans or animals, in particular, the hairless or substantially hairless skin surface is preferred. Flexible skin and / or subcutaneous tissue is preferred. It is suitable to be applied to a site rich in subcutaneous fat, for example, the breast and its vicinity, and is particularly suitable for angiography for diagnosis of breast cancer in this respect.
  • the second embodiment of the device of the present invention is as shown in FIG.
  • An irradiating portion provided at or near the edge of the opening end and capable of irradiating the probe light toward the inspection target portion facing the opening in the hollow body or the vicinity thereof (2), 3) irradiated with the probe light And an imaging section (3) for receiving scattered light and Z or transmitted light (indicated by s) emitted from the inside of the inspection target portion into the hollow body.
  • the major difference from the first aspect is that the imaging light is not taken into the hollow body, and the probe light is irradiated from the edge of the opening end or the vicinity thereof to the inspection target part or the vicinity thereof. It is.
  • This aspect is suitable for photographing a blood vessel image at a relatively shallow position as compared to the first aspect. Also, because the target site is not taken into the hollow body, for example, the skin It is suitable for continuous scanning by smoothly scanning the surface of the camera.
  • the position of the irradiation section is not limited, but it is convenient to provide the irradiation section outside the hollow body as shown in FIG.
  • the probe light output can be increased to obtain information up to a deeper part.
  • the hollow body may have a function that its wall surface substantially optically shields between the probe light irradiation unit and the imaging unit (light receiving unit). These materials are determined by the wavelength of the probe light, but an example of near-infrared light is salted blue. However, as shown in FIG.
  • the optical axis is inclined so that the probe light p sufficiently enters the target site under the imaging part. It is preferable to make it incident.
  • the irradiation angle 0 (the probe light incident angle on the surface of the target site) is preferably approximately 10 degrees or more, more preferably 30 degrees or more. If the irradiation angle ⁇ is too large, the depth of penetration into the skin will be small, so 80 ° or less is preferable, and 60 ° or less is more preferable.
  • an irradiation element such as an LED or a plurality of housings that house the LED is arranged in an interlocking manner so that the irradiation angle 0 is variable.
  • a concentric double ring structure with different diameters is provided, and inner and outer rings are arranged. This can be realized by changing the relative vertical relationship between the inner and outer rings by pivotally supporting the LED or other irradiating elements or multiple housings housing them in the center and near the outer periphery. Either ring position can be operated directly from the outside of the hollow body.
  • annular member that is rotatably screwed to the outer periphery of the hollow body is provided, and this is coupled to one of the rings.
  • the other ring is fixed in the hollow body.
  • a lid member that is in close contact with the skin may be provided at the hollow body opening.
  • the lid member is made of a material that transmits light having the same wavelength as the probe light.
  • the apparatus of the present invention may include means for specifying the photographing position (hereinafter referred to as localization means) in both the first aspect and the second aspect.
  • Such localization means can include a variety of powers The following four types of configurations are included.
  • a reference position is set at the time of shooting, and the relative position from the reference position is measured. This is typically based on the same principle as triangulation.
  • the reference position can be selected arbitrarily.
  • the left and right ends of the pelvis (respectively L point and R point) can be used as the reference position.
  • the camera is connected to these reference positions in some way, and when shooting at a certain point P, the photographer manipulates the distance LP from the point L and the distance RP or ZPLR from the point R. And ZPRL are recorded in association with the captured image.
  • the L and R points are fixed points, and the P point exists on the operator's skin surface. Therefore, the position of the P point is almost uniquely determined by the above information (distance or angle). If necessary, a third reference point may be provided to measure the same distance and angle as described above.
  • the coupling between the imaging device and these reference positions may be mechanical, or may use sound, light, radio waves, or the like.
  • Examples of the mechanical configuration include a belt-like member having a size suitable for fitting on the waist and two cord feeding devices provided on the belt-like member.
  • the two cord feeders (Eg 1 and 0 2 ) are fixed at positions corresponding to both ends of the pelvis, for example.
  • the cord feeding device includes a winding shaft for winding the cord therein, and further includes a housing that is provided with an opening for feeding the cord and is rotatably supported around the winding shaft.
  • the take-up shaft is urged in the direction in which the cord is pulled in by a winding spring, for example.
  • Angles ZPCiCs and ZPCsCi can be easily calculated from the rotation angle of the opening and the rotation angle of the take-up shaft of the cord, so that it is possible to specify the shooting position by providing a means to measure these rotation angles Become.
  • a cord is a wire, string, chain, or the like that does not adversely affect measurement when sufficient tension is applied, and can be formed of resin, paper, other fibers, metal, etc. .
  • Examples of configurations using sound, light, radio waves, and the like include, for example, communication means (the same 1 and 2 ) equipped with ultrasonic, light, or radio wave irradiation and reception means as described above in the code sending device. Instead of a belt.
  • the sound part of the imaging apparatus, the force providing a device for detecting the light or radio waves, sound, by providing a device for emitting light or radio waves, each imaging device P Toje and C 2, acoustic, optically histological or electromagnetic coupling, the distance PC e and PC 2 is readily determined (eg if the distance PC i are obtained be multiplied the speed of sound in the ultrasonic propagation time fired from C i. ).
  • angle ZPCsCi can also be easily measured by changing the irradiation angle of ultrasonic waves, light or radio waves, and Z or reception angle using a mechanical drive or an array, so it is possible to specify the shooting position.
  • the approximate shooting position is specified only by the distance P Ci and PC 2, but the angle ZPdC is taken into account when the breasts are raised. 2 , ZPCsCi is also preferably measured together. The Further, the elevation angle from the skin surface to the imaging device may be measured. You can also wear it near the scapula instead of the belt on your waist.
  • a reference position is set at the time of shooting, and the moving distance from the reference position is measured. This is typically based on the same principle as a mechanical or optical mouse.
  • the reference position can be any position, and can be based on physical feature points (positions such as moles) or fixed points (for example, the lower edge between both breasts). It is preferable to record the position. This can also be realized by providing an imaging device in the visible region in the imaging device or providing a character input device so that a visible image can be taken by the imaging device.
  • the ball is typically coupled to the photographing apparatus in a rotatable manner. This can be achieved by sealing the ball in the housing so that a part of it is exposed outside the housing, as seen in the position identification part of the computer mouse, and connecting the housing with the imaging device.
  • the rotation direction and rotation angle of the ball are measured, for example, by irradiating light beams from two or more directions (this method may be a conventional method), and the movement distance and direction are measured by calculation.
  • visible light or infrared light or a laser beam thereof is irradiated onto the skin surface.
  • probe light may be used in combination. Reflected, transmitted, or scattered light is taken into the imaging device (which may be in the hollow body described above or a light receiving unit may be provided separately), and several feature points are identified by a CCD or the like. When the photographic device is moved, these feature points move in the photographic image. By analyzing this, the moving direction and moving distance are measured. Note that the probe light Irradiation, light reception, and position measurement are unitized in an existing optical mouse, and may be used in the present invention.
  • the moving distance can be measured by an acoustic method and a radio wave method.
  • the moving distance can be obtained by irradiating the skin surface with sound waves or electromagnetic waves obliquely, measuring the moving speed by Doppler shift during movement, and integrating this with time.
  • This method can also be used by an optical method if the detection accuracy is high.
  • the configuration in (c) specifies the position based on the captured image.
  • C-1 A configuration that captures a visible image at the time of shooting to identify the position.
  • c-2) It is analyzed at the time of shooting.
  • An example is a configuration that identifies the position based on the blood vessel image.
  • the configuration of (c-1) can be realized, for example, by providing a visible image capturing device in addition to the hollow body described above and capturing a visible image in conjunction with the capturing of a blood vessel image.
  • the visible image may be obtained by superimposing the imaging part as a visible image, or the peripheral image may be taken at a wide angle so that the position can be specified.
  • the configuration of (C-2) is to localize the imaging position by corresponding to the blood vessel in a substantially fixed position.
  • a mark or other coordinates are provided at the target position.
  • a method of sticking a sheet or the like that adheres to the skin on which coordinates or the like are drawn For example, in the case of breast imaging, wear a cup-type bra or the like that has previously drawn the coordinates that can be seen with visible light and the best effort. Shooting is performed by superimposing infrared and visible light on the cup-shaped brassiere and linking the two, making it possible to specify the position of each captured image.
  • a cup-type bra, etc. if a skin-contact type is used, there will be almost no displacement during shooting. preferable. For parts other than the breast, use the same flat sheet.
  • coordinates are drawn with ink that is close to skin color, and infrared imaging and imaging in the wavelength range corresponding to the complementary color of skin color are performed, and the two are linked. Gore.
  • drawing the coordinates with ink use the above-mentioned force-type brassiere as a template or paste the coordinates drawn on the transfer sheet on the breast, peel off the sheet and transfer the coordinates onto the breast can do.
  • the second aspect is preferred. In the latter case, both the first and second aspects are possible.
  • the localization means described above may be combined with either the first aspect or the second aspect, but in particular, it is easy to scan a wide area of the target region for imaging.
  • the blood vessel distribution under the skin of the target site for example, the breast
  • the position information while being a simple device with little burden on the operator. For example, multiple frames are shot per second, and the shot image and position information are recorded together. If the obtained blood vessel image is mapped according to the position information, diagnosis of blood vessel abnormality becomes easier.
  • the probe light emitted from the irradiation unit does not directly enter the imaging unit, and the scattered light or transmission emitted from the target site.
  • a device that receives light at the photographing unit particularly a device in which the irradiation unit and the photographing unit are fixed in a certain positional relationship, particularly a small-sized angiographic device is included in the scope of the present invention.
  • the apparatus of the present invention may further include an apparatus for displaying a captured image.
  • table The captured image is displayed on a display device (CRT, liquid crystal display, etc.), and the operator can view it as a real-time or recorded image.
  • a display device CRT, liquid crystal display, etc.
  • the present invention also includes a blood vessel distribution diagnostic apparatus including a blood vessel distribution analysis system.
  • a blood vessel distribution diagnostic apparatus including a blood vessel distribution analysis system. The configuration will be described below.
  • the blood vessel distribution analysis system includes an entire system for analyzing a captured image.
  • a known method can be used as a method for extracting a dark part or the like from a captured image by image analysis.
  • the brightness of the image may vary depending on the shooting conditions, but the blood vessel distribution can be extracted by subtracting the brightness of the entire image from the brightness of each part of the image. It is also possible to determine the blood vessel distribution area from local changes in brightness.
  • the method is not particularly limited, but as an example of a method for determining the blood vessel distribution area from local changes in light and darkness, the most prominent position (position with a large gray scale value in the photographed image.
  • the gray scale value of simply the darkest point may be stored, and the average gray scale value of the enlarged area may be obtained while enlarging the area to include that portion. .
  • draw circles with radius r centered on the darkest point one after another and find the average grayscale value inside. This allows the average grayscale value to be specified as a function of r for that image.
  • the concentration area of the blood vessel distribution can be defined.
  • the force of expanding the circle drawn around the reference point is taken as an example.
  • the change in the gray scale value is measured two-dimensionally from the reference point in multiple directions, and the gray scale value on each line is calculated.
  • the concentration region of the blood vessel distribution may be defined by looking at the change (for example, the inflection point).
  • the region may be expanded from the brightest point, or the region may be expanded from both.
  • a plurality of reference points which may be grid points corresponding to predetermined coordinates in the photographed image or points that are presumed to be the blood vessel distribution part from the gray scale value) in the image area are taken, and Similar to, it is possible to estimate the concentration area of the blood vessel distribution by calculating the average gray scale value and its change (for example, the inflection point) while expanding the area.
  • the above method eliminates errors caused by non-uniformity of probe light distribution due to the inclination of the measurement device and bias in the target part pull-in, etc., by looking at the rate of change rather than the absolute value of the grayscale value. can do.
  • the distribution of blood vessels can be determined based on the change in the gray scale value.
  • the unit area (divided individual area) ai in one step becomes a part of the corresponding unit area a i + 1 in the next step. If one scale value gi , g i +1 is g;> g i +1 , a brighter region (ie, a region with less blood vessel distribution in the positive image) is captured by expanding the unit region.
  • the blood vessel distribution is sparser for a i + 1 than for a ;
  • the blood vessel distribution is denser in a i + 1 than in a ;
  • the density of blood vessel distribution in each part can be determined.
  • an overall error that can occur when the gray scale values of k regions are simply compared for example, the device pushes the region to be inspected). This avoids the light / dark bias of the entire photographed image that may occur due to the operation, such as the angle at which it is applied.
  • the smallest unit area ie, the first set k areas in the above example
  • the smallest tumor size at which angiogenesis begins should be comparable to the smallest tumor size at which angiogenesis begins.
  • a circular region can be photographed, and a ring-shaped region other than the central region can be determined.
  • the “part to be diagnosed” refers to a partial region of such a captured image.
  • Each unit region is not limited in shape, but is preferably divided into polygons of equal area that do not overlap, for example, a triangle, a rectangle, and a hexagon (particularly, a regular triangle, a square, and a regular hexagon).
  • a square the simplest way is to cut out the captured image as the largest square inscribed in the part to be diagnosed. Is divided into m squares, the gray scale value of each area is obtained, and the highest and lowest values are recorded (step 0). Next, n squares adjacent to the circumference of the unit area showing the highest and lowest values are added, and the average clay scale value is calculated (first step).
  • the number of squares ni added in the first step is 3 ⁇ n ⁇ 8.
  • square number n 3 ... are applied in adjacent, 3 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 7 ... ⁇ ni 2 3 ... ⁇ 8 -.. 1 6 - increased by 2 5 ... range.
  • Sequentially add the grayscale values of all the unit areas find the average value sequentially, and examine the change in the grayscale value between the highest and lowest values.
  • this system has an irradiation unit (2) for irradiating probe light to a hollow body (1) that receives a region to be examined, and an imaging unit (3), and the imaging unit includes an imaging means (6).
  • (1) is connected to the decompression means (8), and these irradiation section (2), decompression means (8), and imaging means (6) are connected to the computer (10) via the control section (12).
  • the control unit (12) is, for example, a switch, and may control all or a part of irradiation, decompression, and imaging, and these may be controlled by a computer (not via the control unit (12)). 10) You can also connect to the configuration.
  • the data obtained by the imaging means (6) may be transmitted directly to the computer (12).
  • the display device (9) is optional, but it is usually necessary when a doctor or the like performs direct image diagnosis.
  • Display device (9) Display that guides the imaging procedure, or a visualization image of the imaging result, for example, “no abnormality”, “needs specialist diagnosis”, etc., may be displayed.
  • the display device (9) may be a touch panel (for example, a liquid crystal panel) integrated with the control unit (12) or the computer (10).
  • a chest image or the like can be presented by computer graphics, and a photographed image can be displayed while pointing the photographing region with a point or the like.
  • a specialist or the like it is possible for a specialist or the like to diagnose the captured image.
  • the imaging system itself may not include the display device, or the display device or the like may be installed in a physically separated place.
  • an operator which may be the subject himself / herself
  • the irradiation unit (2), decompression unit (8), imaging unit (6) and display device (9) automatically irradiate probe light after suction under the control of the computer (10) It is also possible to use a configuration that measures the amount of light and displays the suction status and the appropriateness of the angle with respect to the target part of the device.
  • the imaging means (6) automatically takes images under the control of the computer (10). You may be able to select the best data among them.
  • the computer (10) may include a program for performing an arbitrary image processing step such as superimposing a plurality of data or taking a difference from a plurality of time series data.
  • an angiogenesis site as shown in FIG. 5 can be discriminated, it is possible to discriminate the presence or absence of angiogenesis due to some cause.
  • angiogenesis associated with a tumor starts at a diameter of about 2 mm, and can be identified as a concentration of blood vessels of 2 mm or more. Therefore, the device of the present invention is effective as a diagnostic device for breast cancer. It is.
  • Figure 8 shows the change of the average sag scale value as the selected area is expanded.
  • the upper graph in Fig. 8 shows a collection with no blood vessel distribution (depopulated distribution in Fig. 6), and the lower graph shows a blood vessel collection (dense distribution in Fig. 7).
  • the average grayscale value in the bright area is indicated by ⁇
  • the average grayscale value in the dark area is indicated by ⁇ .
  • the grayscale value starting from the unit area showing the maximum and minimum values eventually converges to the grayscale value of the entire image.
  • Example 2
  • near-infrared light-emitting LEDs (maximum wavelength: 850 nm, manufactured by Nisshin Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) are used on the outer periphery of a vinyl chloride cylinder that does not transmit light with an outer diameter of 43 mm and a height of 100 mm. Attached at an angle of 45 degrees so that near infrared light can be irradiated.
  • a CCD camera (XC-E 150, 768 X 494 pixels, manufactured by Soniichi Co., Ltd., mount: C mount, flange back: 17 through a partition (glass plate) 562mm, outer dimensions: width 29 mm x height 29 mm x depth 32 mm).
  • Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, the above device was pressed against the subject's chest and imaging was performed, and a blood vessel image in the vicinity of the skin could be obtained.
  • a light irradiation / light receiving unit of an optical mouse was attached to the same apparatus as in Example 2, and the obtained signal was configured to be input to a computer together with a photographed image.
  • a part of the subject's chest was used as a base point, and the device was moved little by little on the skin surface.
  • the image and position information were recorded simultaneously. By mapping this along the location information, a wide range of angiographic images could be obtained.
  • the angiography apparatus of the present invention can be manufactured at low cost, is easy to downsize and has a simple apparatus configuration, and thus is effective for imaging blood vessels at various sites, particularly blood vessel distribution near the skin surface. Therefore, it is particularly useful as a self-examination device for angiogenesis abnormalities near the skin surface, for example, breast cancer.
  • the photographing unit and the irradiating unit are relatively close to each other, and can be configured substantially integrally. Therefore, it is useful as a simple inspection device in which the subject holds the device in his hand and operates it.

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  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'imagerie des vaisseaux sanguins pour analyser de façon non invasive et simple la distribution des veines. Le dispositif présente une section de rayonnement qui émet une lumière de sonde dirigée vers une partie d'inspection cible et une section d'imagerie qui reçoit la lumière dispersée et/ou la lumière émise par la partie d'inspection cible. Le dispositif est construit de telle sorte que la lumière de sonde émise par la section de rayonnement n'entre pas directement dans la section d'imagerie. L'invention concerne également un dispositif d'analyse permettant d'analyser le résultat de l'imagerie par le dispositif d'imagerie des vaisseaux sanguins et un système d'analyse du résultat de l'imagerie.
PCT/JP2007/064619 2006-07-19 2007-07-19 Dispositif d'imagerie des vaisseaux sanguins et système pour analyser une distribution des vaisseaux sanguins WO2008010604A1 (fr)

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