WO2008008362A2 - Compositions et procédés pour la réduction ou la prévention de la croissance ou de la survie de microorganismes en environnements aqueux - Google Patents

Compositions et procédés pour la réduction ou la prévention de la croissance ou de la survie de microorganismes en environnements aqueux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008008362A2
WO2008008362A2 PCT/US2007/015769 US2007015769W WO2008008362A2 WO 2008008362 A2 WO2008008362 A2 WO 2008008362A2 US 2007015769 W US2007015769 W US 2007015769W WO 2008008362 A2 WO2008008362 A2 WO 2008008362A2
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Prior art keywords
weight
ammonium salt
parts
disclosed
aliphatic
Prior art date
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PCT/US2007/015769
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English (en)
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WO2008008362A3 (fr
Inventor
Steve R. Burwell
Fredrick Busch
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Byocoat Enterprises, Inc.
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Priority to CA002657579A priority Critical patent/CA2657579A1/fr
Priority to MX2009000461A priority patent/MX2009000461A/es
Priority to CN2007800328423A priority patent/CN102083313A/zh
Publication of WO2008008362A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008008362A2/fr
Publication of WO2008008362A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008008362A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/66—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms
    • A01N43/68—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms with two or three nitrogen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/20—Prevention of biofouling

Definitions

  • the disclosed matter generally relates to compositions and methods for reducing or preventing microorganism growth or survival in aqueous environments such as recreational, industrial, agricultural, and irrigation waters.
  • Microorganism growth in aqueous environments can be a significant problem.
  • swimming pools and water parks can be ideal environments for bacterial, fungal, and algal growth because they are often around neutral pH, at ambient temperatures or above, and are contaminated on a regular basis from the environment and from patrons.
  • the result of microorganism growth in such recreational waters can lead to serious health risks.
  • microorganism growth can be problematic for industrial waters, such as cooling towers, mining process waters, food processing waters, papermaking waters, oil field waters, sugar reprocessing waters, carpet manufacturing waters, etc.
  • industrial waters such as cooling towers, mining process waters, food processing waters, papermaking waters, oil field waters, sugar reprocessing waters, carpet manufacturing waters, etc.
  • paper fibers are suspended in a large volume of recirculating water before being removed by filtration and compacted and dried to form the paper sheet.
  • Various water-based additives are also used to improve the efficiency of the process and control the quality of the finished paper.
  • These carbohydrate rich conditions, together with the operating temperatures, which are normally above 30 0 C, provide ideal environments for the growth of microorganisms.
  • contamination can result in the build up of bacterial slime at key points in the process. If uncontrolled, the slime can accumulate and eventually break away, leading to problems such as paper breaks, spray nozzle blockage, and discoloration of the finished product.
  • Problem organisms include the aerobic slime forming bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Bacillus spp. Anaerobic organisms such as Desulphovibrio spp can also accumulate under slime layers and other deposits leading to the production of foul odors and corrosive byproducts. Also bacterial spores can impact packaging products, particularly those products used for food and dairy packaging.
  • Water based mill additives including mineral slurries and paper coatings are also prone to contamination and require adequate preservation to ensure that their stability is not compromised.
  • the major spoilage organisms are aerobic bacteria such as those mentioned above but hi some instances yeasts such as Candida and Saccharomyes spp can be involved. Consequently, there can be a need for broad spectrum preservation in many of these additive products. Preservation of bulk pulp can also be required during unplanned shut-downs.
  • Microbial growth can also be a problem in agricultural and irrigation waters.
  • irrigation hoses, pipes and sprayers and drip lines are used to deliver water to plants and crops.
  • such water is from natural sources, like wells and reservoirs, and contains algal, fungal, and bacterial microorganisms.
  • Such microbes can build up inside the pipes and lines causing blockages.
  • nutrients and fertilizers are often added to such waters, which results in increased microbial growth in irrigation apparatus.
  • biocides can inhibit microorganism growth, economic and environmental concerns require improved methods.
  • One problem with biocides is that high levels or expensive chemicals are needed to control microbial growth.
  • biocides require continuous or frequent treatment.
  • biocides are highly toxic in large quantities.
  • environmental regulations restrict the amount that can be safely discarded into the environment.
  • compositions and methods for preparing and using such compositions relate to compositions and methods for preparing and using such compositions.
  • antimicrobial compositions and methods for using such compositions to reduce, prevent, or eliminate one or more microorganisms in an aqueous environment.
  • ST refers to Salmonella typhimurium
  • LM refers to Listeria monocytogenes
  • SA refers to Staphylococcus aureau
  • EC refers to
  • Escherichia coli Escherichia coli
  • PF refers to Pseudomonas fluorscens
  • SP refers to Shewanella putrefaciens
  • an antimicrobial composition as disclosed herein is indicated as “Test Solution” and a control solution is indicated as “Controls.”
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the effect of an antimicrobial composition as disclosed herein and a control solution on pathogenic and spoilage bacterial isolates. The results are shown in terms of detection times (hours). Detection times of 24 hours mean no growth occurred after exposure to test solution.
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the reduction of the indicated bacterial colonies (in 1Og 1 o colony forming units) when exposed to an antimicrobial composition as disclosed herein or a control solution.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the effect of an antimicrobial composition as disclosed herein and control solution on the indicated bacterial isolates. The results are shown in terms of detection times (hours). Detection times of 24 hours mean no growth occurred after exposure to test solution.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the reduction of indicated bacterial colonies (in logio colony forming units) when exposed to an antimicrobial composition as disclosed herein or a control solution.
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the effect of an antimicrobial composition as disclosed herein and a control solution when used to treat the indicated microorganisms attached to food contact surfaces. The results are shown in terms of detection times (hours). Detection times of 24 hours mean no growth occurred after exposure to test solution.
  • Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to "about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint. It is also understood that there are a number of values disclosed herein, and that each value is also herein disclosed as “about” that particular value in addition to the value itself. For example, if the value “10” is disclosed, then “about 10" is also disclosed.
  • references in the specification and claims to parts by weight of a particular element or component in a composition or article denotes the weight relationship between the element or component and any other elements or components in the composition or article for which a part by weight is expressed.
  • X and Y are present at a weight ratio of 2:5, and are present in such ratio regardless of whether additional components are contained in the compound.
  • a weight percent of a component is based on the total weight of the formulation or composition in which the component is included.
  • reduce or other forms of the word, such as “reducing” or “reduction,” is meant lowering of an event or characteristic (e.g., microorganism growth or survival). It is understood that this is typically in relation to some standard or expected value, in other words it is relative, but that it is not always necessary for the standard or relative value to be referred to. For example, “reduces the population of bacteria” means lowering the amount of bacteria relative to a standard or a control.
  • prevent or other forms of the word, such as “preventing” or “prevention,” is meant to stop a particular event or characteristic, to stabilize or delay the development or progression of a particular event or characteristic, or to minimize the chances that a particular event or characteristic will occur. Prevent does not require comparison to a control as it is typically more absolute than, for example, reduce. As used herein, something could be reduced but not prevented, but something that is reduced could also be prevented. Likewise, something could be prevented but not reduced, but something that is prevented could also be reduced. It is understood that where reduce or prevent are used, unless specifically indicated otherwise, the use of the other word is also expressly disclosed.
  • treat or other forms of the word, such as “treated” or “treatment,” is meant to administer a composition or to perform a method in order to reduce, prevent, inhibit, break-down, or eliminate a particular characteristic or event (e.g., microorganism growth or survival).
  • a particular characteristic or event e.g., microorganism growth or survival.
  • antimicrobial is meant the ability to treat (e.g. , reduce, prevent, inhibit, break-down, or eliminate) microorganism growth or survival at any concentration.
  • the term "substituted" is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds.
  • the permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, and aromatic and nonaromatic substituents of organic compounds.
  • Illustrative substituents include, for example, those described below.
  • the permissible substituents can be one or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds.
  • the heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen, can have hydrogen substituents and/or any permissible substituents of organic compounds described herein which satisfy the valences of the heteroatoms.
  • substitution or “substituted with” include the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound that does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. Also, as used herein "substitution” or “substituted with” is meant to encompass configurations where one substituent is fused to another substituent.
  • an aryl group substituted with an aryl group can mean that one aryl group is bonded to the second aryl group via a single sigma bond and also that the two aryl groups are fused, e.g., two carbons of one alkyl group are shared with two carbons of the other aryl group.
  • a 1 ,” “A 2 ,” “A 3 ,” and “A 4 " are used herein as generic symbols to represent various specific substituents. These symbols can be any substituent, not limited to those disclosed herein, and when they are defined to be certain substituents in one sentence it does not mean that, in another sentence, they cannot be defined as some other substituents.
  • alkyl as used herein is a branched or unbranched saturated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 40 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n- butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, tetracosyl, and the like.
  • the alkyl group can also be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the alkyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, sulfo- oxo, sulfonylamino, nitro, silyl, or thiol, as described below.
  • alkyl is generally used to refer to both unsubstituted alkyl groups and substituted alkyl groups; however, substituted alkyl groups are also specifically referred to herein by identifying the specific substituent(s) on the alkyl group.
  • alkyl halide specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more halides, e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
  • halides e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
  • heteroaryl refers to both unsubstituted and substituted heteroaryl moieties
  • the substituted moieties can, in addition, be specifically identified herein; for example, a particular substituted heteroaryl can be referred to as, e.g., an "alkyl heteroaryl.”
  • a substituted alkenyl can be, e.g., an "alkenyl halide,” and the like.
  • alkenyl as used herein is a hydrocarbon group of from 2 to 40 carbon atoms with a structural formula containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
  • the alkenyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, sulfo-oxo, sulfonylamino, nitro, silyl, or thiol.
  • alkynyl as used herein is a hydrocarbon group of 2 to 40 carbon atoms with a structural formula containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
  • the alkynyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, sulfo-oxo, sulfonylamino, nitro, silyl, or thiol.
  • aliphatic refers to a non-aromatic hydrocarbon group and includes branched and unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl groups.
  • aryl as used herein is a group that contains any carbon-based aromatic group including, but not limited to, benzene, benzyl, naphthalene, phenyl, biphenyl, phenoxybenzene, and the like.
  • aryl also includes "heteroaryl,” which is defined as a group that contains an aromatic group that has at least one heteroatom incorporated within the ring of the aromatic group. Examples of heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
  • non- heteroaryl which is also included in the term “aryl,” defines a group that contains an aromatic group that does not contain a heteroatom.
  • the aryl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the aryl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, sulfo-oxo, sulfonylamino, or thiol as described herein.
  • the term "biaryl” is a specific type of aryl group and is included in the definition of aryl. Biaryl refers to two aryl groups that are bound together via a fused ring structure, as in naphthalene, or are attached via one or more carbon-carbon bonds, as in biphenyl.
  • cycloalkyl as used herein is a non-aromatic carbon-based ring composed of at least three carbon atoms.
  • examples of cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
  • heterocycloalkyl is a cycloalkyl group as defined above where at least one of the carbon atoms of the ring is substituted with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus.
  • the cycloalkyl group and heterocycloalkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the cycloalkyl group and heterocycloalkyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, sulfo-oxo, sulfonylamino, nitro, silyl, or thiol.
  • cycloalkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, and the like.
  • heterocycloalkenyl is a type of cycloalkenyl group as defined above, and is included within the meaning of the term “cycloalkenyl,” where at least one of the carbon atoms of the ring is substituted with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus.
  • the cycloalkenyl group and heterocycloalkenyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the cycloalkenyl group and heterocycloalkenyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, sulfo-oxo, sulfonylamino, nitro, silyl, or thiol.
  • cyclic group is used herein to refer to either aryl groups ⁇ e.g., heteraryl, biaryl), non-aryl groups ⁇ i.e., cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and heterocycloalkenyl groups), or both. Cyclic groups have one or more ring systems that can be substituted or unsubstituted. A cyclic group can contain one or more aryl groups, one or more non-aryl groups, or one or more aryl groups and one or more non-aryl groups.
  • a 1 , A 2 , and A 3 can each be, independent of one another, hydrogen, an alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl group described above. Also, any of the A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 substituents can be absent and any of the remaining substituents can be a multivalent group, i.e., form more than one bond with N.
  • ammonium or "quaternary ammonium” are represented by the formula:
  • a 3 where A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and A 4 can each be, independent of one another, hydrogen, an alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl group described above. Also, any of the A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and A 4 substituents can be absent and any of the remaining substituents can be a multivalent group.
  • the term "halide” as used herein refers to the halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
  • X "R 1 ,” “R 2 ,” and “R ⁇ ,” where n is some integer, as used herein can, independently, possess two or more of the groups listed above.
  • R is a straight chain alkyl group
  • one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group can optionally be substituted with a hydroxyl group (OH), an alkoxy group, halide, etc.
  • a first group can be incorporated within second group or, alternatively, the first group can be pendant ⁇ i.e., attached) or fused to the second group.
  • an effective amount of a composition as provided herein is meant an amount of a composition sufficient to provide the desired result, e.g., reduction or prevention of microorganism growth or survival.
  • the exact amount required will vary from use to use, depending on the type of aqueous environment, the type of microorganism to be treated, the size of the processing facilities (e.g., the volume of the water), the mode of application, the particular compositions being used, and the like.
  • an appropriate effective amount can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using only routine experimentation. While it is not possible to specify an exact amount, the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can be used neat or diluted in a ratio as described herein.
  • an amount of the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can be used such that an aqueous environment will contain about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106
  • the disclosed compositions and methods have been found particularly advantageous in that the treatment process is faster and less caustic. In addition, because a smaller amount of the disclosed antibacterial compositions is used, the process is more effective. Also, the disclosed,antimicrobial compositions, in most cases, do not require complex equipment for their application, removal, recycling, or disposal.
  • the disclosed methods can result in a plate count at 35°C of not more than 200 colonies per 10 mL. When treating coliform, the disclosed methods can result in less than 2.2 organisms per 100 mL or no more than 2 enterococcal organisms per 50 mL.
  • the antimicrobial compositions can be used to treat various surfaces to reduce, inhibit, prevent, disrupt, degrade, brake-down, eliminate, etc. microorganism growth or survival.
  • microorganism or “microbe” is meant a single or multicelled organism, and can include one or more organisms of the same type or mixtures of organism.
  • the microorganisms that can be treated by the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Such bacteria can be pathogenic, indicator, and/or spoilage bacteria.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can be used to treat microorganisms in aqueous environments.
  • the Gram-positive bacteria treatable by the compositions and methods disclosed herein can include, but are not limited to, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. typhimurium, M. bovis strain BCG, BCG substrains, M. avium, M. intracellular e, M. africanum, M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. ulcerans, M.
  • avium subspecies paratuberculosis Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus equi, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria ivanovii, Bacillus anthracis, B. subt ⁇ lis, Nocardia asteroides, and other Nocardia species, Streptococcus viridans group, Peptococcus species, Peptostreptococcus species, Actinomyces israelii and other Actinomyces species, Propionibacterium acnes, and Enterococcus species.
  • the Gram-negative bacteria treatable by the compositions and methods disclosed herein can include, but are not limited to, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, other Clostridium species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, other Pseudomonas species, Campylobacter species.
  • Gram-positive, Gram-negative, pathogenic, indicator, and spoilage bacteria are not intended to be limiting, but are intended to be representative of a larger population including all bacteria that effect public health, as well as non-Gram test responsive bacteria.
  • examples of other species of microorganisms include, but are not limited to, Abiotrophia, Achromobacter, Acidaminococcus, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Actinobacillus, Actinobaculum, Actinomadura, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Aeromonas, Afipia, Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes, Alloiococcus, Alter omonas, Amycolata,
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can be used to treat the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Legionella pneumophila.
  • sulfur reducing bacteria can be problematic in oil field waters, and even in drinking water. Such sulfur reducing bacteria can be treated by the compositions and methods disclosed herein.
  • sulfur reducing bacteria that can be treated by the disclosed compositions and methods are species of the genera Desulfovibrio, Desulfotomaculum, Desulfomonas, Desulfobulbus, Desulfobacter, Desulf ococcus, Desulfonema, Desulfosarcina, Desulfobacterium, and Desulforomas.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can be used to treat other microorganisms such as, for example, parasites.
  • parasites include, but are not limited to, Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium species such as Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and other
  • Plasmodium species Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania species such as Leishmania major, Schistosoma such as Schistosoma mansoni and other Shistosoma species, and Entamoeba histolytica.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can also be used to treat fungal species such as, but not limited to, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplama capsulatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Coccidiodes immitis, Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermitidis, Pneumocystis carnii, Penicillium marneffi, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium species.
  • fungal species such as, but not limited to, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplama capsulatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Coccidiodes immitis, Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermitidis, Pneumocystis carnii, Penicillium marneffi, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium species.
  • the microorganism that can be treated can comprise the fungi Aspergilium niger, Aspergillus phoenicis, Penicillium funieulosum, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Endomyces geotrichum, Aerobasidium pullulan, or Chaetomium globosum.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can also be used to treat algal species such as, but not limited to, Oscillatoria geminate, Nostoc sp, Phormidiumfoveolarum, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus sp, Ulthrix subtilissima, and Tribonema aequale.
  • algal species such as, but not limited to, Oscillatoria geminate, Nostoc sp, Phormidiumfoveolarum, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus sp, Ulthrix subtilissima, and Tribonema aequale.
  • the disclosed compositions and methods can be used to treat aqueous environments that contain avian flu virus.
  • avian flu virus can be present in water bowls, ponds, animal habitats, or in standing water. Consumption or contact with such contaminated waters can lead to infection with the avian virus.
  • infection can be prevented.
  • the disclosed compositions can also be used to destroy avian flu virus in blood sera.
  • the disclosed methods can be used to treat microbial contamination in a variety of aqueous environments.
  • any aqueous system that one desires to prevent and/or reduce microbial growth and survival can be treated by the disclosed methods.
  • suitable examples include recreational industrial, agricultural, and irrigation waters.
  • recreational aqueous environments contemplated herein are swimming pools, hot tubes, spas, Jacuzzi's, water parks ⁇ e.g., slides and flumes), and the like.
  • Also contemplated are fountains, decorative ponds, fish ponds (e.g., Koi ponds, goldfish ponds), water features, and the like, which are commonly used in indoor and outdoor landscaping.
  • aqueous environments include, but are not limited to, animal habitat waters, such as would be found in a zoo.
  • industrial aqueous environments contemplated herein are cooling waters (e.g., water used in cooling towers), oil field waters (e.g., water used in wells), mining process waters, food processing waters, papermaking waters, sugar reprocessing waters, carpet manufacturing waters, and the like.
  • cooling waters e.g., water used in cooling towers
  • oil field waters e.g., water used in wells
  • mining process waters e.g., water used in wells
  • food processing waters e.g., papermaking waters, sugar reprocessing waters, carpet manufacturing waters, and the like.
  • Examples of agricultural and irrigation waters are reservoirs, wells, irrigation lines, hoses, aqua ducts, sprayers, sprinklers, drip lines, and soaker hoses.
  • the disclosed compositions can be used to treat various fungi that contaminate irrigation waters by contacting such fungi with the disclosed compositions.
  • the disclosed compositions can be used in biocidal applications to control bacteria growth, biofilm growth, and sulphate reducing bacteria, or SRB in water systems used for drilling and processing various hydrocarbon resources. Bacteria control in such oil field waters can reduce the amount of "sour" gas and oil by limiting the amount of bacteria-produced sulphur compounds and control of sulphate reducing bacteria can reduce the amount of microbiological induced corrosion (MIC) of metal components.
  • MIC microbiological induced corrosion
  • the aqueous environment can be aqueous culture waters.
  • Many marine species are cultured in aqueous environments for a source of food and other desired natural products. And oftentimes, the aqueous culture waters can become contaminated with undesirable microbes, which can be treated as disclosed herein.
  • Examples of marine species that are cultured in aqueous environments, which can be treated by the compositions and methods disclosed herein, include, but are not limited to, shrimp, bivalve mollusks, e.g., oysters and clams, herbivorous zooplankton, such as brine shrimp, ⁇ Artemia salin ⁇ ) and fish.
  • Exemplary fish include, but are not limited to,
  • Oncorhynchus kisutch coho salmon
  • Paralichthys lethostigma sin flounder
  • Hippoglossus hippglossus Alippoglossus hippglossus (Atlantic halibut).
  • Haliotis rufescens can also be treated by the methods disclosed herein.
  • the list above is merely an abbreviated list of the marine animals that can be cultured in the aqueous culture waters treated with the compositions disclosed herein.
  • microalgae are also cultured in aqueous culture waters and can be treated by the disclosed compositions. Examples of suitable microalgae are set forth in the CRC Handbook of Microalgal Mass Culture (ed. Amos Richmond, Boca Raton, FIa.: CRC Press, cl986), which is incorporated by reference herein for its teachings of types of microalgae.
  • Suitable marine algae are all those included in the Culture Collections of Algae worldwide, some of which include: 1) American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), P.O. Box 1549, Manassas, Va. 20108, USA; 2) Culture Collecttion of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffhage Marine Laboratory, Dunbeg, OBAN, Argyll PA37 IQA, United Kingdom; 3) Canadian Center for the Culture of Microorganisms, The North East Pacific Culture Collection (NEPCC), Department of Botany, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T 1Z4; 4) Centra de Investigativations Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C., Mar Bermejo No. 195, Col.
  • ATCC American Type Culture Collection
  • CCAP Culture Collecttion of Algae and Protozoa
  • CCAP Culture Collecttion of Algae and Protozoa
  • CCAP Culture Collecttion of Algae and Protozo
  • suitable aqueous waters have a pH of from about 4 to about 9, from about 5 to about 8, or from about 6 to about 7.
  • suitable aqueous environments can be at a temperature of from about 4°C to about 45°C, from about 10 0 C to about 30 0 C, or at ambient temperature.
  • suitable aqueous environments that can be treated by the methods and compositions disclosed herein contain cellulosic material, carbohydrates, and/or chlorine or bromine.
  • the aqueous environment can be drinking water for an animal (including human drinking water). Such waters include pre-treated waters, such as those in a reservoir, but which are to be used for drinking.
  • antimicrobial compositions Disclosed herein, in one aspect, are antimicrobial compositions.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can be used to treat various aqueous environments in order to eliminate, reduce, and/or prevent microorganism growth or survival.
  • compositions and methods are disclosed herein, and it is understood that when combinations, subsets, interactions, groups, etc. of these materials are disclosed that while specific reference of each various individual and collective combinations and permutation of these compounds may not be explicitly disclosed, each is specifically contemplated and described herein. For example, if a molecule is disclosed and a number of modifications that can be made to a number of substituents are discussed, each and every combination and permutation that are possible are specifically contemplated unless specifically indicated to the contrary.
  • each of the combinations A-E, A-F, B- D, B-E, B-F, C-D, C-E 5 and C-F are specifically contemplated and should be considered disclosed from disclosure of A, B, and C; D, E, and F; and the example combination A-D.
  • any subset or combination of these is also specifically contemplated and disclosed.
  • the sub-group of A-E, B-F, and C-E are specifically contemplated and should be considered disclosed from disclosure of A, B, and C; D, E, and F; and the example combination A-D.
  • This concept applies to all aspects of this disclosure including, but not limited to, steps in methods of making and using the disclosed compositions.
  • steps in methods of making and using the disclosed compositions are if there are a variety of additional steps that can be performed it is understood that each of these additional steps can be performed with any specific embodiment or combination of embodiments of the disclosed methods, and that each such combination is specifically contemplated and should be considered disclosed.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions in one aspect, comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, and at least two ammonium salts comprising an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, or a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, an aliphatic heteroaryl ammonium salt, and a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt and trichloromelamine.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can also comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, * trichloTomelamine, and an aliphatic heteroaryl ammonium salt (e.g., alkyl pyridinium halide, trichloromelamine, and alkyl benzylalkyl ammonium halide).
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, and a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt. In a further aspect, the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, an aliphatic heteroaryl ammonium salt, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt (e.g., alkyldimethylbenzalkonium halide) and trichloromelamine.
  • Aliphatic heteroaryl salt e.g., alkyldimethylbenzalkonium halide
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise an aliphatic heteroaryl salt (e.g., one or more aliphatic heteroaryl salts).
  • An aliphatic heteroaryl salt is a compound that comprises an aliphatic moiety bonded to a heteroaryl moiety, and a counterion, as are defined herein.
  • One or more types of aliphatic heteroaryl salts can be used in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein.
  • the aliphatic moiety can be any alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkenyl group, as described herein.
  • the aliphatic moiety can comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, or at least 20 carbon atoms.
  • the aliphatic moiety can comprise a mixture of aliphatic groups having a range of carbon atoms.
  • the aliphatic moiety can comprise from 10 to 40, from 12 to 38, from 14 to 36, from 16 to 34, from 18 to 32, from 14 to 18, or from 20 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • the aliphatic moiety can contain 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, or 45 carbon atoms, where any of the stated values can form an upper or lower endpoint when appropriate.
  • specific aliphatic moieties that can be used in the disclosed aliphatic heteroaryl salts include, but are not limited to, decyl, dodecyl (lauryl), tetradecyl (myristyl), hexadecyl (palmityl or cetyl), octadecyl
  • the aliphatic moiety is bonded to a heteroatom in the heteroaryl moiety.
  • heteroaryl moiety in the aliphatic heteroaryl salt component of the disclosed antimicrobial compositions, can be any heteroaryl moiety as described herein.
  • the heteroaryl moiety can be an aryl group having one or more heteroatoms.
  • heteroaryl moieties that can be used in the aliphatic heteroaryl salts include, but are not limited to, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pryidazine, indolizine, isoindole, indole, indazole, imidazole, oxazole, triazole., thiazole, purine, isoquinoline, quinoline, phthalazine, quinooxaline, phenazine, and the like, including substituted derivatives and mixtures thereof.
  • a heteroatom in the heteroaryl moiety is bonded to the aliphatic moiety.
  • the heteroatom is nitrogen, this forms a quaternary animonium species.
  • the counterion can be any ion that has an opposite charge as the remaining aliphatic heteroaryl portion of the salt.
  • the counterion can be a negatively charged moiety.
  • the counterion can be positively charged.
  • the counterion can be a halide, such as a fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide.
  • suitable counterions for the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can include, but are not limited to, sulfide, sulfates, sulfites, phosphide, phosphates, phosphites, carbonates, bicarbonates, nitrates, nitrites, hypochlorite, chlorite, perchlorate, acetate, formate, hydroxide, and the like, including mixtures thereof.
  • sulfide sulfates, sulfites, phosphide, phosphates, phosphites, carbonates, bicarbonates, nitrates, nitrites, hypochlorite, chlorite, perchlorate, acetate, formate, hydroxide, and the like, including mixtures thereof.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can have any of the aliphatic moieties disclosed above combined with any of the heteroaryl moieties disclosed above.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be an alkyl pyridinium salt, an alkyl quinolinium salt, an alkyl imidazolinium salt, or any mixture thereof.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be an alkenyl pyrazolium salt, an alkenyl pyrazinium salt, an alkenyl quinolinium salt, or any mixture thereof.
  • the counter ions for these specific examples can be halides, nitrates, sulfates, carbonates or any other counterion disclosed herein.
  • an alkyl pyridinium salt includes an alkyl pyridinium halide such as, but not limited to, cetylpyridinium halide (e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide, or mixtures thereof), laurylpyridinium halide (e.g., laurylpyridinium chloride, laurylpyridinium bromide, or mixtures thereof), myristylpyridinium halide (e.g., myristylpyridinium chloride, myristylpyridinium bromide, or mixtures thereof), stearylpyridinium halide (e.g., stearylpyridinium chloride, stearylpyridinium bromide, or mixtures thereof), and arachidylpyridinium halide (arachidylpyridinium chloride, arachidylpyridinium bromide
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salts disclosed herein can be prepared by methods known in the art or can be obtained from commercial sources.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of from less than about 20 weight %, less than about 15 weight %, less than about 10 weight %, less than about 8 weight %, less than about 6 weight %, less than about 5 weight %, less than about 4 weight %, less than about 3 weight %, less than about 2 weight %, less than about 1 weight %, or less than about 0.5 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of from greater than about 0.5 weight %, greater than about 1 weight %, greater than about 2 weight %, greater than about 3 weight %, greater than about 4 weight %, greater than about 5 weight %, greater than about 6 weight %, greater than about 8 weight %, greater than about 10 weight %, greater than about 15 weight %, or greater than about 20 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 20 weight %, from about 1 to about 15 weight %, from about 2 to about 10 weight %, from about 3 to about 8 weight %, from about 3.5 to about 8 weight %, from about 4 to about 6 weight %, from about 6 to about 8 weight %, or about 7.5 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of about 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0, 3.25, 3.5, 3.75, 4.0, 4.25, 4.5, 4.75, 5.0, 5.25, 5.5, 5.75, 6.0, 6.25, 6.5, 6.75, 7.0, 7.25, 7.5, 7.75, 8.0, 8.25, 8.5, 8.75, 9.0, 9.25, 9.5, 9.75, 10.0, 10.25.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain less than about 20 parts by weight, less than about 15 parts by weight, less than about 10 parts by weight, less than about 8 parts by weight, less than about 6 parts by weight, less than about 5 parts by weight, less than about 4 parts by weight, less than about 3 parts by weight, less than about 2 parts by weight, less than about 1 part by weight, or less than about 0.5 parts by weight of the aliphatic heteroaryl salt, hi another aspect, the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain greater than about 0.5 parts by weight, greater than about 1 part by weight, greater than about 2 parts by weight, greater than about 3 parts by weight, greater than about 4 parts by weight, greater than about 5 parts by weight, greater than about 6 parts by weight, greater than about 8 parts by weight, greater than about 10 parts by weight, greater than about 15 parts by weight, or greater than about 20 parts by weight of the aliphatic heteroaryl salt.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain from about 0.5 to about 20 parts by weight, from about 1 to about 15 parts by weight, from about 2 to about 10 parts by weight, from about 3 to about 8 parts by weight, from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight, from about 4 to about 6 parts by weight, from about 6 to about 8 parts by weight, or about 7.5 parts by weight of the aliphatic heteroaryl salt.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain about 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0, 3.25, 3.5, 3.75, 4.0, 4.25, 4.5, 4.75, 5.0, 5.25, 5.5, 5.75, 6.0, 6.25, 6.5, 6.75, 7.0, 7.25, 7.5, 7.75, 8.0, 8.25, 8.5, 8.75, 9.0, 9.25, 9.5, 9.75, 10.0, 10.25.
  • Trichloromelamine The disclosed antimicrobial compositions comprise trichloromelamine.
  • Trichloromelamine i.e., N 2 ,N 4 ,N 6 -Trichloro-2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
  • Trichloromelamine can be prepared by methods known in the art or can be obtained from commercial sources.
  • Trichloromelamine can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in any amount as is described above for the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt.
  • trichloromelamine can be present in an amount of from in an amount of from less than about 1.0 weight %, less than about 0.75 weight %, less than about 0.5 weight %, less than about 0.25 weight %, less than about 0.10 weight %, less than about 0.075 weight %, less than about 0.05 weight %, less than about 0.025 weight %, less than about 0.01 weight %, less than about 0.0075 weight %, less than about 0.005 weight %, less than about 0.0025 weight %, or less than about 0.001 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • trichloromelamine can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of from greater than about 0.001 weight %, greater than about 0.0025 weight %, greater than about 0.005 weight %, greater than about 0.0075 weight %, greater than about 0.01 weight %, greater than about 0.025 weight %, greater than about 0.05 weight %, greater than about 0.075 weight %, greater than about 0.1 weight %, greater than about 0.25 weight %, greater than about 0.5 weight %, greater than about 0.75 weight %, or greater than about 1.0 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • trichloromelamine can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 1.0 weight %, from about 0.0025 to about 0.75 weight %, from about 0.005 to about 0.5 weight %, 0.005 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.0075 to about 0.25 weight %, from about 0.01 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.025 to about 0.075 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.02 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.01 weight %, or about 0.01 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • trichloromelamine can be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.005 to about 0.075 weight %, from about 0.0075 about 0.05 weight %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.02 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • trichloromelamine can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of about 0.001, 0.0015, 0.002, 0.0025, 0.003, 0.0035, 0.004, 0.0045, 0.005, 0.005, 0.0055, 0.006, 0.0065, 0.007, 0.0075, 0.008, 0.0085, 0.009, 0.009, 0.0095, 0.01, 0.0105, 0.011, 0.0115, 0.012, 0.0125, 0.013, 0.013, 0.0135, 0.014, 0.0145, 0.015, 0.0155, 0.016, 0.0165, 0.017, 0.017, 0.0175, 0.018, 0.0185, 0.019, 0.0195, 0.02, 0.0205, 0.021, 0.021, 0.0215, 0.022, 0.0225, 0.023, 0.0235, 0.024, 0.0245, 0.025, 0.025, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07,
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can contain less than about 1.0 parts by weight, less than about 0.75 parts by weight, less than about 0.5 parts by weight, less than about 0.25 parts by weight, less than about 0.10 parts by weight, less than about 0.075 parts by weight, less than about 0.05 parts by weight, less than about 0.025 parts by weight, less than about 0.01 parts by weight, less than about 0.0075 parts by weight, less than about 0.005 parts by weight, less than about 0.0025 parts by weight, or less than about 0.001 parts by weight of trichloromelamine.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain greater than about 0.001 parts by weight, greater than about 0.0025 parts by weight, greater than about 0.005 parts by weight, greater than about 0.0075 parts by weight, greater than about 0.01 parts by weight, greater than about 0.025 parts by weight, greater than about 0.05 parts by weight, greater than about 0.075 parts by weight, greater than about 0.1 parts by weight, greater than about 0.25 parts by weight, greater than about 0.5 parts by weight, greater than about 0.75 parts by weight, or greater than about 1.0 parts by weight of trichloromelamine.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain from about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight, from about 0.0025 to about 0.75 parts by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight, 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.0075 to about 0.25 parts by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.025 to about 0.075 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.01 parts by weight, or about 0.01 parts by weight of trichloromelamine.
  • trichloromelamine can be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.075 parts by weight, from about 0.0075 about 0.05 parts by weight, or from about 0.01 to about 0.02 parts by weight trichloromelamine.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain about 0.001, 0.0015, 0.002, 0.0025, 0.003, 0.0035, 0.004, 0.0045, 0.005, 0.005, 0.0055, 0.006, 0.0065, 0.007, 0.0075, 0.008, 0.0085, 0.009, 0.009, 0.0095, 0.01, 0.0105, 0.011, 0.0115, 0.012, 0.0125, 0.013, 0.013, 0.0135, 0.014, 0.0145, 0.015, 0.0155, 0.016, 0.0165, 0.017, 0.017, 0.0175, 0.018, 0.0185, 0.019, 0.0195, 0.02, 0.0205, 0.021, 0.021, 0.0215, 0.022, 0.0225, 0.023, 0.0235, 0.024, 0.0245, 0.025, 0.025, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2,
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium.salt (e.g., one or more aliphatic benzylakyl ammoniums salts).
  • An aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt is a compound that comprises an aliphatic moiety bonded to the nitrogen atom of a benzylalkyl amine moiety, and a counterion, as are defined herein.
  • the aliphatic moiety and counterion can be as described above.
  • the benzylalkyl amine moiety can be a benzyl amine where the amine is bonded to an alkyl or cyclic alkyl group, as described above.
  • One or more types of aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salts can be used in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salts suitable for use herein can be prepared by methods known in the art or can be obtained from commercial sources.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be represented by the following formula:
  • R 1 is an aliphatic group, as described above, R 2 and R 3 are, independent of one another, alkyl groups or cyclic alkyl groups as described herein, and X is a counterion as described herein.
  • one or more of the "R" substituents can be a long chain alkyl group (e.g., the number of carbon atoms is greater than 6).
  • one or more of the "R” substituents can be a short chain alkyl group (e.g., the number of carbon atoms is 6 or less).
  • one of the "R” substituents is a long chain alkyl group and the other two “R” substituents are short chain alkyl groups.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can have any of the aliphatic moieties disclosed above bonded to any benzylalkyl amine moieties disclosed above.
  • R 1 in the formula of aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salts can be an aliphatic group of from 10 to 40 carbon atoms, e.g., a decyl, dodecyl (lauryl), tetradecyl (myristyl), hexadecyl (palmityl or cetyl), octadecyl (stearyl), or eicosyl (arachidyl) group, and R 2 and R 3 can each be, independent of one another, a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl group.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salts can include, but are not limited to, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halides (e.g., alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, or mixtures thereof).
  • alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halides e.g., alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, or mixtures thereof.
  • alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halides include, but are not limited to, cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide (e.g., cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride bromide, or mixtures thereof), lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide (e.g., lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, or mixtures thereof), myristyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide (e.g., myristyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, myristyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, or mixtures thereof), stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide (e.g., stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlor
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salts can include, but are not limited to, alkyl methylethyl benzyl ammonium halides.
  • alkyl methylethyl benzyl ammonium halides include, but are not limited to, cetyl methylethyl benzyl ammonium halide (e.g., cetyl methylethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, cetyl methylethyl benzyl ammonium chloride bromide, or mixtures thereof), lauryl methylethyl benzyl ammonium halide (e.g., lauryl methylethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, lauryl methylethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, or mixtures thereof), myristyl methylethyl benzyl ammonium halide (e.g., myristyl methylethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, myristyl methylethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, or mixtures thereof), stearyl methylethyl hal
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salts disclosed herein can be prepared by methods known in the art or can be obtained from commercial sources.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be present in the disclosed antimicrobial compositions in an amount of from less than about 1.0 weight %, less than about 0.75 weight %, less than about 0.5 weight %, less than about 0.25 weight %, less than about 0.10 weight %, less than about 0.075 weight %, less than about 0.05 weight %, less than about 0.025 weight %, less than about 0.01 weight %, less than about 0.0075 weight %, less than about 0.005 weight %, less than about 0.0025 weight %, or less than about 0.001 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of from greater than about 0.001 weight %, greater than about 0.0025 weight %, greater than about 0.005 weight %, greater than about 0.0075 weight %, greater than about 0.01 weight %, greater than about 0.025 weight %, greater than about 0.05 weight %, greater than about 0.075 weight %, greater than about 0.1 weight %, greater than about 0.25 weight %, greater than about 0.5 weight %, greater than about 0.75 weight %, or greater than about 1.0 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 1.0 weight %, from about 0.0025 to about 0.75 weight %, from about 0.005 to about 0.5 weight %, 0.005 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.0075 to about 0.25 weight %, from about 0.01 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.025 to about 0.075 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.02 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.01 weight %, or about 0.01 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.005 to about 0.075 weight %, from about 0.0075 about 0.05 weight %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.02 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of about 0.001, 0.0015, 0.002, 0.0025, 0.003, 0.0035, 0.004, 0.0045, 0.005, 0.005, 0.0055, 0.006, 0.0065, 0.007, 0.0075, 0.008, 0.0085, 0.009, 0.009, 0.0095, 0.01, 0.0105, 0.011, 0.0115, 0.012, 0.0125, 0.013, 0.013, 0.0135, 0.014, 0.0145, 0.015, 0.0155, 0.016, 0.0165, 0.017, 0.017, 0.0175, 0.018, 0.0185, 0.019, 0.0195, 0.02, 0.0205, 0.021, 0.021, 0.0215, 0.022, 0.0225, 0.023, 0.0235, 0.024, 0.0245, 0.025, 0.025, 0.03, 0.04,
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can contain less than about 1.0 parts by weight, less than about 0.75 parts by weight, less than about 0.5 parts by weight, less than about 0.25 parts by weight, less than about 0.10 parts by weight, less than about 0.075 parts by weight, less than about 0.05 parts by weight, less than about 0.025 parts by weight, less than about 0.01 parts by weight, less than about 0.0075 parts by weight, less than about 0.005 parts by weight, less than about 0.0025 parts by weight, or less than about 0.001 parts by weight of the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain greater than about 0.001 parts by weight, greater than about 0.0025 parts by weight, greater than about 0.005 parts by weight, greater than about 0.0075 parts by weight, greater than about 0.01 parts by weight, greater than about 0.025 parts by weight, greater than about 0.05 parts by weight, greater than about 0.075 parts by weight, greater than about 0.1 parts by weight, greater than about 0.25 parts by weight, greater than about 0.5 parts by weight, greater than about 0.75 parts by weight, or greater than about 1.0 parts by weight of the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain from about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight, from about 0.0025 to about 0.75 parts by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight, 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.0075 to about 0.25 parts by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.025 to about 0.075 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.01 parts by weight, or about 0.01 parts by weight of the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.075 parts by weight, from about 0.0075 about 0.05 parts by weight, or from about 0.01 to about 0.02 parts by weight.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain about 0.001, 0.0015, 0.002, 0.0025, 0.003, 0.0035, 0.004, 0.0045, 0.005, 0.005, 0.0055, 0.006, 0.0065, 0.007, 0.0075, 0.008, 0.0085, 0.009, 0.009, 0.0095, 0.01, 0.0105, 0.011, 0.0115, 0.012, 0.0125, 0.013, 0.013, 0.0135, 0.014, 0.0145, 0.015, 0.0155, 0.016, 0.0165, 0.017, 0.017, 0.0175, 0.018, 0.0185, 0.019, 0.0195, 0.02, 0.0205, 0.021.
  • Dialiphatic dialkyl Ammonium Salts 0.021, 0.0215, 0.022, 0.0225, 0.023, 0.0235, 0.024, 0.0245, 0.025, 0.025, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1 parts by weight of the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, where any of the stated values can form an upper or lower endpoint when appropriate.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt (e.g., one or more dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salts).
  • a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt is a compound that comprises two aliphatic moieties and two alkyl moieties bonded to a nitrogen atom, and a counterion, as are defined herein.
  • the aliphatic moieties can be the same or different and can be any aliphatic group as described above.
  • the alkyl moieties can be the same or different can be any alkyl group as described above.
  • the counterion can also be as described above.
  • dialiphatic dialkyl ammoniums salts the two aliphatic moieties can have more than 10 carbon atoms and the two alkyl moieties can have less than 10 carbon atoms. In another alternative, the two aliphatic moieties can have less than 10 carbon atoms and the two alkyl moieties can have more than 10 carbon atoms.
  • One or more types of dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salts can be used in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein.
  • the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt can be di- dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide, di-tetradecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide, dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide, and the like, including combinations thereof.
  • the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salts disclosed herein can be prepared by methods known in the art or can be obtained from commercial sources.
  • the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt can be present in the disclosed antimicrobial compositions in an amount of from less than about 1.0 weight %, less than about 0.75 weight %, less than about 0.5 weight %, less than about 0.25 weight %, less than about 0.10 weight %, less than about 0.075 weight %, less than about 0.05 weight %, less than about 0.025 weight %, less than about 0.01 weight %, less than about 0.0075 weight %, less than about 0.005 weight %, less than about 0.0025 weight %, or less than about 0.001 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of from greater than about 0.001 weight %, greater than about 0.0025 weight %, greater than about 0.005 weight %, greater than about 0.0075 weight %, greater than about 0.01 weight %, greater than about 0.025 weight %, greater than about 0.05 weight %, greater than about 0.075 weight %, greater than about 0.1 weight %, greater than about 0.25 weight %, greater than about 0.5 weight %, greater than about 0.75 weight %, or greater than about 1.0 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 1.0 weight %, from about 0.0025 to about 0.75 weight %, from about 0.005 to about 0.5 weight %, 0.005 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.0075 to about 0.25 weight %, from about 0.01 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.025 to about 0.075 weight %, about£..005 to about 0.1 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.02 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.01 weight %, or about 0.01 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt can be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.005 to about 0.075 weight %, from about 0.0075 about 0.05 weight %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.02 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of about 0.001, 0.0015, 0.002, 0.0025, 0.003, 0.0035, 0.004, 0.0045, 0.005, 0.005, 0.0055, 0.006, 0.0065, 0.007, 0.0075, 0.008, 0.0085, 0.009, 0.009, 0.0095, 0.01, 0.0105, 0.011, 0.0115, 0.012, 0.0125, 0.013, 0.013, 0.0135, 0.014, 0.0145, 0.015, 0.0155, 0.016, 0.0165, 0.017, 0.017, 0.0175, 0.018, 0.0185, 0.019, 0.0195, 0.02, 0.0205, 0.021, 0.021, 0.0215, 0.022, 0.0225, 0.023, 0.0235, 0.024, 0.0245, 0.025, 0.025, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can contain less than about 1.0 parts by weight, less than about 0.75 parts by weight, less than about 0.5 parts by weight, less than about 0.25 parts by weight, less than about 0.10 parts by weight, less than about 0.075 parts by weight, less than about 0.05 parts by weight, less than about 0.025 parts by weight, less than about 0.01 parts by weight, less than about 0.0075 parts by weight, less than about 0.005 parts by weight, less than about 0.0025 parts by weight, or less than about 0.001 parts by weight of the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain greater than about 0.001 parts by weight, greater than about 0.0025 parts by weight, greater than about 0.005 parts by weight, greater than about 0.0075 parts by weight, greater than about 0.01 parts by weight, greater than about 0.025 parts by weight, greater than about 0.05 parts by weight, greater than about 0.075 parts by weight, greater than about 0.1 parts by weight, greater than about 0.25 parts by weight, greater than about 0.5 parts by weight, greater than about 0.75 parts by weight, or greater than about 1.0 parts by weight of the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain from about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight, from about 0.0025 to about 0.75 parts by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight, 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.0075 to about 0.25 parts by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.025 to about 0.075 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.01 parts by weight, or about 0.01 parts by weight of the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt.
  • dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt can be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.075 parts by weight, from about 0.0075 about 0.05 parts by weight, or from about 0.01 to about 0.02 parts by weight.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain about 0.001, 0.0015, 0.002, 0.0025, 0.003, 0.0035, 0.004, 0.0045, 0.005, 0.005, 0.0055, 0.006, 0.0065, 0.007, 0.0075, 0.008, 0.0085, 0.009, 0.009, 0.0095, 0.01, 0.0105, 0.011, 0.0115, 0.012, 0.0125, 0.013, 0.013, 0.0135, 0.014, 0.0145, 0.015, 0.0155, 0.016, 0.0165, 0.017, 0.017, 0.0175, 0.018, 0.0185, 0.019, 0.0195, 0.02, 0.0205, 0.021, 0.021, 0.0215, 0.022, 0.0225, 0.023, 0.0235, 0.024, 0.0245, 0.025, 0.025, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2,
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can also comprise a tetraalkyl ammonium salt (e.g., one or more tetraalkyl ammonium salts).
  • Suitable tetraalkyl ammonium salts comprise four alkyl moieties, as disclosed herein, and a counterion, also disclosed herein.
  • a tetralkyl ammonium salt can comprise one long chain alkyl moiety (e.g., greater than 10 carbon atoms in length) and three short chain alkyl moieties (e.g., 10 carbon atoms or less in length).
  • tetraalkyl ammonium salts that can be included in the disclosed antimicrobial compositions include, but are not limited to, cetyl trimethyl ammonium halide (e.g., chloride or bromide), lauryl trimethyl ammonium halide (e.g., chloride or bromide), myristyl trimethyl ammonium halide (e.g., chloride or bromide), stearyl trimethyl ammonium halide (e.g., chloride or bromide), arachidyl trimethyl ammonium halide (e.g., chloride or bromide), or mixtures thereof.
  • cetyl trimethyl ammonium halide e.g., chloride or bromide
  • lauryl trimethyl ammonium halide e.g., chloride or bromide
  • myristyl trimethyl ammonium halide e.g., chloride or bromide
  • stearyl trimethyl ammonium halide
  • cetyl dimethylethyl ammonium bromide lauryl dimethylethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethylethyl ammonium bromide, myristyl dimethylethyl ammonium chloride, myristyl dimethylethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl dimethylethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethylethyl ammonium bromide, arachidyl dimethylethyl ammonium chloride, arachidyl dimethylethyl ammonium bromide, or mixtures thereof.
  • the tetraalkyl ammonium salts disclosed herein can be prepared by methods known in the art or can be obtained from commercial sources.
  • the tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be present in the disclosed antimicrobial compositions in an amount of from less than about 1.0 weight %, less than about 0.75 weight %, less than about 0.5 weight %, less than about 0.25 weight %, less than about 0.10 weight %, less than about 0.075 weight %, less than about 0.05 weight %, less than about 0.025 weight %, less than about 0.01 weight %, less than about 0.0075 weight %, less than about 0.005 weight %, less than about 0.0025 weight %, or less than about 0.001 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of from greater than about 0.001 weight %, greater than about 0.0025 weight %, greater than about 0.005 weight %, greater than about 0.0075 weight %, greater than about 0.01 weight %, greater than about 0.025 weight %, greater than about 0.05 weight %, greater than about 0.075 weight %, greater than about 0.1 weight %, greater than about 0.25 weight %, greater than about 0.5 weight %, greater than about 0.75 weight %, or greater than about 1.0 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 1.0 weight %, from about 0.0025 to about 0.75 weight %, from about 0.005 to about 0.5 weight %, 0.005 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.0075 to about 0.25 weight %, from about 0.01 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.025 to about 0.075 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.02 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.01 weight %, or about 0.01 weight %, based on the total weight of the .antimicrobial composition.
  • the tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.005 to about 0.075 weight %, from about 0.0075 about 0.05 weight %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.02 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be present in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein in an amount of about 0.001, 0.0015, 0.002, 0.0025, 0.003, 0.0035, 0.004, 0.0045, 0.005, 0.005, 0.0055, 0.006, 0.0065, 0.007, 0.0075, 0.008, 0.0085, 0.009, 0.009, 0.0095, 0.01, 0.0105, 0.011, 0.0115, 0.012, 0.0125, 0.013, 0.013, 0.0135, 0.014, 0.0145, 0.015, 0.0155, 0.016, 0.0165, 0.017, 0.017, 0.0175, 0.018, 0.0185, 0.019, 0.0195, 0.02, 0.0205, 0.021, 0.021, 0.0215, 0.022, 0.0225, 0.023, 0.0235, 0.024, 0.0245, 0.025, 0.025, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can contain less than about 1.0 parts by weight, less than about 0.75 parts by weight, less than about 0.5 parts by weight, less than about 0.25 parts by weight, less than about 0.10 parts by weight, less than about 0.075 parts by weight, less than about 0.05 parts by weight, less than about 0.025 parts by weight, less than about 0.01 parts by weight, less than about 0.0075 parts by weight, less than about 0.005 parts by weight, less than about 0.0025 parts by weight, or less than about 0.001 parts by weight of the tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain greater than about 0.001 parts by weight, greater than about 0.0025 parts by weight, greater than about 0.005 parts by weight, greater than about 0.0075 parts by weight, greater than about 0.01 parts by weight, greater than about 0.025 parts by weight, greater than about 0.05 parts by weight, greater than about 0.075 parts by weight, greater than about 0.1 parts by weight, greater than about 0.25 parts by weight, greater than about 0.5 parts by weight, greater than about 0.75 parts by weight, or greater than about 1.0 parts by weight of the tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain from about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight, from about 0.0025 to about 0.75 parts by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight, 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.0075 to about 0.25 parts by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.025 to about 0.075 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.01 parts by weight, or about 0.01 parts by weight of the tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.075 parts by weight, from about 0.0075 about 0.05 parts by weight, or from about 0.01 to about 0.02 parts by weight.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can contain about 0.001, 0.0015, 0.002, 0.0025, 0.003, 0.0035, 0.004, 0.0045, 0.005, 0.005, 0.0055, 0.006, 0.0065, 0.007, 0.0075, 0.008, 0.0085, 0.009, 0.009, 0.0095, 0.01, 0.0105, 0.011, 0.0115, 0.012, 0.0125.0.013, 0.013, 0.0135, 0.014, 0.0145, 0.015, 0.0155, 0.016, 0.0165, 0.017, 0.017, 0.0175, 0.018, 0.0185, 0.019, 0.0195, 0.02, 0.0205, 0.021, 0.021, 0.0215, 0.022, 0.0225, 0.023, 0.0235, 0.024, 0.0245, 0.025, 0.025, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can be in the form of an aqueous solution, thus, water can be another component of the disclosed compositions.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can optionally include one or more additional components such as carriers, adjuvants, solubilizing agents, suspending agents, diluents, surfactants, other antimicrobial agents, preservatives, fillers, and additives designed to affect the viscosity, thixotropy or ability of the antimicrobial composition to adhere to and/or penetrate tissue.
  • additional components such as carriers, adjuvants, solubilizing agents, suspending agents, diluents, surfactants, other antimicrobial agents, preservatives, fillers, and additives designed to affect the viscosity, thixotropy or ability of the antimicrobial composition to adhere to and/or penetrate tissue.
  • consumer acceptable is meant a material that is not biologically or otherwise undesirable when consumed, e.g., an agent that is acceptable when used in or on foods and beverages and which can be consumed by an individual (e.g., human, pet, livestock, etc.) along with the selected active components without causing significant undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the other components of the composition in which it is contained.
  • a consumer acceptable agent can be any compound generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
  • GRAS compound generally recognized as safe
  • additional components can be prepared by methods known in the art or obtained from commercial sources. hi one example, suitable additional components include surfactants such as Triton
  • X-100 i.e., polyethylene glycol P-l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutylphenyl ether
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can further comprise a carrier.
  • carrier means a compound, composition, substance, or structure that, when in combination with a compound or composition disclosed herein, aids or facilitates preparation, storage, administration, delivery, effectiveness, selectivity, or any other feature of the compound or composition for its intended use or purpose.
  • a carrier can be selected to minimize any degradation of the active components and to minimize any adverse side effects.
  • suitable aqueous and non-aqueous carriers, diluents, solvents include water, ethanol, polyols (propyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycol, glycerol, and the like), vegetable oils, and suitable mixtures thereof.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can also comprise adjuvants such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying, suspending agents, flocculating, and dispensing agents. Prevention of the action of other microorganisms can be accomplished by various antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, and the like.
  • surfactants such as binders, as for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alignates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, and acacia, humectants, as for example, glycerol, wetting agents, as for example, cetyl alcohol, and glycerol monostearate, adsorbents, as for example, kaolin and bentonite, and lubricants, as for example, talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, or mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable flocculating agents that can be used include, but are not limited to, aluminum salts (e.g., aluminium sulphate), ferrous salts, and ferric salts (e.g., ferric sulphate and ferric chloride).
  • Suitable suspending agents can include, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, or mixtures of these substances, and the like.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can also comprise solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, as for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propyleneglycol, 1,3- butyleneglycol, dimethylformamide, oils, in particular, cottonseed oil, groundnut oil, corn germ oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesame oil, glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethyleneglycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan or mixtures of these substances, and the like.
  • solubilizing agents and emulsifiers as for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propyleneglycol, 1,3
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise one or more additional quaternary ammonium salts.
  • additional quaternary ammonium salts that can be used in the disclosed antimicrobial compositions include, but are not limited to, other aliphatic heteroaryl salts (e.g., alkyl pyridinium halides, alkyl quinolinium halides, alkyl indolinium halides, and the like), aliphatic heterocyclic salts (e.g., aliphatic heterocycloalkyl salts like alkyl piperidinium salts or aliphatic heterocycloalkenyl salts), aliphatic benzylalkyl ammoniums salts, dialiphatic dialkyl ammoniums salts, and tetraalkyl ammonium salts, and chloramine-T.
  • other aliphatic heteroaryl salts e.g., alkyl pyridinium halides, alkyl quinolinium halides,
  • the additional components disclosed herein can be present in the disclosed antimicrobial compositions in any amount as is described above for the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salts, dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salts, tetraalkyl ammoniums salts, and/or trichlormelamine.
  • one or more additional components can be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 weight %, from about 0.005 to about 0.075 weight %, from about 0.0075 about 0.05 weight %, from about 0.01 to about 0.02 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.02 weight %, about 0.005 to about 0.01 weight %, or about 0.01 weight %, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can contain from about 0.001 to about 0.1 parts by weight, from about 0.005 to about 0.075 parts by weight, from about 0.0075 about 0.05 parts by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.02 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, about 0.005 to about 0.01 parts by weight, or about 0.01 parts by weight, based of one or more additional components.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • antimicrobial compositions that consist essentially of an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • Consisting essentially of is used herein to exclude additional components or the omission of components that would change the basic and novel characteristics of the composition; this is also meant to exclude the omission of aliphatic heteroaryl salts, trichloromelamine, aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salts, dialiphatic dialkyl ammoniums salts, and/or tetraalkyl ammonium salts from the composition but not the addition or omission of other carriers, adjuvants, solubilizing and suspending agents, and additional components as described herein.
  • the composition can also comprise water.
  • an antimicrobial composition comprising an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • antimicrobial compositions that consist essentially of an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • an antimicrobial composition comprising an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, and a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt.
  • antimicrobial compositions that consist essentially of an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, and a dialiphatic dialkyl • ammonium salt.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be any aliphatic heteroaryl salt disclosed herein, for example, an alkylpyridinium halide.
  • an alkylpyridinium halide can comprise, for example, cetylpyridinium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide, or a mixture thereof.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be any aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein, for example, an alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, or a mixture thereof.
  • the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt can be any dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein, for example, di-dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide, di-tetradecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide, dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide, or mixtures thereof.
  • the tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be any tetraalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein, for example, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide, myristyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide, or mixtures thereof.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, and at least two ammonium salts comprising an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, or a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, a tetraalkyl ammonium salt, and an ammonium salt comprising an aliphatic heteroaryl salt or a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, and an ammonium salt comprising an aliphatic heteroaryl salt or a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, trichloromelamine, an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, and an ammonium salt comprising a tetraalkyl ammonium salt or a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt when it is present it can be as disclosed above; for example, it can comprise an alkylpyridinium halide as disclosed herein (e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide, or a mixture thereof).
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be any aliphatic benzyalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof).
  • dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt when it is present, it can be any dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., didodecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof).
  • dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt e.g., didodecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof.
  • the tetraalkyl ammonium salt when it is present, it can be any tetraalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., cetyl trimethyl ammonium halide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium halide, myristyl trimethyl ammonium halide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium halide, arachidyl trimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof).
  • cetyl trimethyl ammonium halide lauryl trimethyl ammonium halide
  • myristyl trimethyl ammonium halide stearyl trimethyl ammonium halide
  • arachidyl trimethyl ammonium halide or a mixture thereof.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt when the two ammonium salts are an aliphatic heteroaryl salt and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt, can be any aliphatic heteroaryl salt disclosed herein (e.g., cetyl pyridinium halide) and the tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be any tetraalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., cetyl trimethyl ammonium halide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium halide, myristyl trimethyl ammonium halide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium halide, arachidyl trimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof)- When the two ammonium salts are an aliphatic heteroaryl salt and a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be any aliphatic heteroaryl salt disclosed herein (e.g., cetyl pyridinium hal
  • the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt can be any dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., didodecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof) and the tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be any tetraalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., cetyl trimethyl ammonium halide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium halide, myristyl trimethyl ammonium halide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium halide, arachidyl trimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof).
  • dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt e.g., didodecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, dihexadecyl dimethyl
  • the composition can contain the aliphatic heteroaryl salt in any of the amounts disclosed above.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight.
  • the composition can contain trichloromelamine, the aliphatic heteroaryl salt, the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, or the tetraalkyl ammonium salt in any of the amounts disclosed above.
  • trichloromelamine, aliphatic heteroaryl salt, dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, or tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 parts by weight. It is also contemplated that these compositions can further comprise water.
  • a suitable antimicrobial composition can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 weight % (or from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight).
  • an antimicrobial composition can comprise trichloromelamine in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 1.0 weight % (or from about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight).
  • an antimicrobial composition can comprise an aliphatic heteroaryl salt in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 1.0 weight % (or from about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight).
  • an antimicrobial composition can comprise a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 1.0 weight % (or from about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight).
  • an antimicrobial composition can comprise a tetraalkyl ammonium salt in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 1.0 weight % (or from about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight).
  • an antimicrobial composition can optionally comprise an additional component in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 1.0 weight % (or from about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight).
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight
  • the trichloromelarnine can be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight
  • the other two ammonium salts can each be present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 1.0 parts by weight.
  • the disclosed composition can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt such as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight, trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight, and two ammonium salts such as an aliphatic heteroaryl salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight.
  • an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt such as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight
  • trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight
  • two ammonium salts such as an aliphatic heteroaryl salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts
  • the amount of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide can be about 7.5 parts by weight
  • the amount of trichloromelamine can be about 0.1 parts by weight
  • the amount of cetylpyridinium chloride can be about 0.08 parts by weight
  • the amount of cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride can be about 0.05 parts by weight.
  • compositions comprising an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt such as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight, trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight, and two ammonium salts such as an aliphatic heteroaryl salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight and a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight.
  • an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt such as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight
  • trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight
  • two ammonium salts such as an aliphatic heteroaryl salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by
  • compositions can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt such as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight, trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight, and two ammonium salts such as a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight.
  • an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt such as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight
  • trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight
  • two ammonium salts such as a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about
  • an antimicrobial composition comprising alkyl pyridinium halide, trichloromelarnine, alkyl benzylalkyl ammonium halide, and ' tetraalkyl ammonium halide.
  • a suitable antimicrobial composition can comprise alkyl pyridinium halide in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 weight % (or from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight), trichloromelamine in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight), alkyl benzylalkyl ammonium halide in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight), and a tetraalkyl ammonium halide in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight), and a balance of water.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise cetylpyridinium halide, trichloromelamine, alkyl. benzylalkyl ammonium halide, and tetraalkyl ammonium halide.
  • a suitable antimicrobial composition can comprise cetylpyridinium chloride in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 weight % (or from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight) or from about 6 to about 8 weight % (or from about 6 to about 8 parts by weight), trichloromelamine in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight), alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and/or alky methylethyl benzyl ammonium chloride in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight), and cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.5 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.5 parts by weight), and a balance of water.
  • Another suitable example involves the use of the bromide salts of the previous composition.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise an aliphatic heteroaryl salt and trichloromelamine.
  • antimicrobial compositions that consist essentially of an aliphatic heteroaryl salt and trichloromelamine.
  • the antimicrobial composition does not contain aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salts, dialiphatic di alkyl ammoniums salt, and tetraalkyl ammonium salts.
  • the composition can also comprise water.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be any aliphatic heteroaryl salt disclosed herein, for example, an alkylpyridinium halide.
  • alkylpyridinium halide can comprise cetylpyridinium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide, or a mixture thereof.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be any aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein, for example, an alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, or a mixture thereof.
  • the composition can contain the aliphatic heteroaryl salt in any of the amounts disclosed above.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight.
  • the composition can contain trichloromelamine in any of the amounts disclosed above.
  • trichloromelamine can be present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine; and an ammonium salt selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the composition when the ammonium salt is the aliphatic benzyl ammonium salt, the composition does not contain the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt or the tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the ammonium salt when the ammonium salt is the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, the composition does not contain the aliphatic benzyl ammonium salt or the tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the ammonium salt when the ammonium salt is the tetraalkyl ammonium salt, the composition does not contain the aliphatic benzyl ammonium salt or the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt.
  • compositions that consist essential of an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, and an arnmonium salt selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt. It is also contemplated that these compositions can further comprise water.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, and water.
  • a suitable antimicrobial composition can comprise an aliphatic heteroaryl salt in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 weight % (or from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight).
  • an antimicrobial composition can comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight).
  • an antimicrobial composition can comprise trichloromelamine in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight). And in another example, an antimicrobial composition can optionally comprise an additional component in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight).
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be as disclosed above; for example, it can comprise an alkylpyridinium halide as disclosed herein (e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide, or a mixture thereof).
  • the ammonium salt when the ammonium salt is the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, it can be any aliphatic benzyalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof).
  • the ammonium salt when the ammonium salt is the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, it can be any dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., didodecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof).
  • the ammonium salt is the tetraalkyl ammonium salt
  • it can be any tetraalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., cetyl trimethyl ammonium halide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium halide, myristyl trimethyl ammonium halide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium halide, arachidyl trimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof).
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about S parts by weight
  • the trichlorornelamine can be present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight
  • the ammonium salt can be present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight.
  • compositions includes the composition comprising an aliphatic heteroaryl salt such as cetylpyridinium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight, trichlorornelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt such as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight.
  • the composition does not contain a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt or a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • compositions comprising an aliphatic heteroaryl salt such as cetylpyridinium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight, trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, and an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt such as alkyl methylethyl benzyl ammonium chloride present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight.
  • the composition does not contain a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt or a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • compositions comprising an aliphatic heteroaryl salt such as cetylpyridinium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight, trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, and a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt such as didodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight, hi one example, the composition does not contain an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt or a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • an aliphatic heteroaryl salt such as cetylpyridinium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight
  • trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight
  • dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt such as didodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride present in an amount of from about 0.005 to
  • a further example includes the composition comprising an aliphatic heteroaryl salt such as cetylpyridinium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight, trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt such as cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight.
  • the composition does not contain a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt or an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt.
  • compositions that comprise an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, and two ammonium salts selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt and a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, a aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt, or a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt. It is contemplated that these compositions can further comprise water.
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt component can be any aliphatic heteroaryl salt described above (e.g., an alkylpyridinium halide such as cetylpyridinium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide, or a mixture thereof).
  • an alkylpyridinium halide such as cetylpyridinium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide, or a mixture thereof.
  • the two ammonium salts are an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be any aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein ⁇ e.g., alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof
  • the tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be any tetraalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., cetyl trimethyl ammonium halide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium halide, myristyl trimethyl ammonium halide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium halide, arachidyl trimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof).
  • the two ammonium salts are an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt and a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be any aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof)
  • the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt can be any dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., didodecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof).
  • the dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt can be any dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., didodecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof) and the tetraalkyl ammonium salt can be any tetraalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein (e.g., cetyl trimethyl ammonium halide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium halide, myristyl trimethyl ammonium halide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium halide, arachidyl trimethyl ammonium halide, or a mixture thereof).
  • dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt e.g., didodecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, ditetradecyl dimethyl ammonium halide, dihexadecyl dimethyl
  • the aliphatic heteroaryl salt can be present in any amount as disclosed above; for example, it can be present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight.
  • the trichloromelamine can also be present in any amount disclosed herein, such as from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight.
  • the two ammonium salts can each be present in any amount as disclosed herein (e.g., from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight).
  • the disclosed composition can comprise an aliphatic heteroaryl salt such as cetylpyridinium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight, trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, and two ammonium salts such as an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight and a tetralkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 • parts by weight.
  • an aliphatic heteroaryl salt such as cetylpyridinium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight
  • trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight
  • two ammonium salts such as an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight and a tetralky
  • the amount of cetylpyridinium chloride can be about 7.5 parts by weight
  • the amount of trichloromelamine can be about 0.01 parts by weight
  • the amount of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride can be about 0.01 parts by weight
  • the amount of cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride can be about 0.01 parts by weight.
  • compositions comprising an aliphatic heteroaryl salt such as cetylpyridinium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight, trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, and two ammonium salts such as an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight and a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight.
  • an aliphatic heteroaryl salt such as cetylpyridinium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight
  • trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight
  • two ammonium salts such as an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight and a dialiphatic dialky
  • compositions can comprise an aliphatic heteroaryl salt such as cetylpyridinium chloride present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight, trichloromelamine present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight, and two ammonium salts such as a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight and a tetralkyl ammonium salt present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight.
  • Suitable examples of aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salts are disclosed herein and include, for example, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
  • Suitable examples of tetraalkyl ammonium salts are disclosed herein and include, for example, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
  • Suitable examples of dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salts are disclosed herein and include, for example, didodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise alkyl pyridinium halide, alkyl benzylalkyl ammonium halide, and trichloromelamine.
  • a suitable antimicrobial composition can comprise alkyl pyridinium halide in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 weight % (or from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight), alkyl benzylalkyl ammonium halide in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight), trichloromelamine in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight), and optionally a tetralkyl ammonium halide in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight), and a balance of water.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise cetylpyridinium halide, alkyl benzylalkyl ammonium halide, and trichloromelamine.
  • a suitable antimicrobial composition can comprise cetylpyridinium chloride in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 weight % (or from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight) or from about 6 to about 8 weight % (or from about 6 to about 8 parts by weight), alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and/or alky methylethyl benzyl ammonium chloride in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.1 parts by weight), trichloromelamine in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 weight % (or from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight), and cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 weight % (or
  • a suitable antimicrobial composition can comprise 7.5 weight % (from about 7.5 parts by weight) of alkyl pyridinium halide (e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride (and/or bromide), 0.01 weight % (or 0.01 part by weight) of aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium halide ⁇ e.g., cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and/or bromide), 0.01 weight % (or 0.01 part by weight) of trichloromelamine, and optionally 0.01 weight % (or 0.01 part by weight) of an additional component (e.g., cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and/or bromide) and a balance of water.
  • alkyl pyridinium halide e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride (and/or bromide
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can comprise about 7.5 parts of aliphatic heteroaryl salt (e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride), 0.1 part of aliphatic benzyalkyl ammonium salt (e.g., cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride), 0.1 part of trichloromelamine, and optionally 0.1 part of cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and balance water (e.g., 92.2 parts).
  • aliphatic heteroaryl salt e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride
  • aliphatic benzyalkyl ammonium salt e.g., cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride
  • trichloromelamine e.g., trichloromelamine
  • balance water e.g. 92.2 parts
  • aqueous compositions that comprise effective amounts of a combination of at least two quaternary ammonium salts, an ammonium halide, trichlormelamine, and water.
  • the combination of at least two quaternary ammonium salts is selected from the group consisting of cetyl pyridinium chloride, N- alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, and alkyl dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
  • the combination of at least two quaternary ammonium salts is present in an amount of about 6.02 to 8.02 weight percent.
  • compositions that contain an aliphatic heteroaryl salt and trichloromelamine.
  • the amount of these components can be as described above.
  • a suitable antimicrobial composition can contain an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt.
  • the amount of these components in the composition can be as described above.
  • antimicrobial compositions that comprise an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt and trichloromelamine.
  • antimicrobial compositions that consist essentially of an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt and trichloromelamine.
  • the antimicrobial composition does not contain aliphatic heteroaryl salts, dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, and tetraalkyl ammonium salts.
  • the composition can also comprise water.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be any aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt disclosed herein, for example, an alkyl benzalkonium halide such as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, which is a mixture of C12-C18 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, and alkyl methylethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, including mixtures thereof.
  • the composition can contain the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt in any of the amounts disclosed above.
  • the aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt can be present in an amount of from about 3.5 to about 8 parts by weight.
  • the composition can contain trichloromelamine in any of the amounts disclosed above.
  • trichloromelamine can be present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 0.02 parts by weight.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can be in the form of solid, semi-solid, liquid, or gel forms, such as, for example, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, liquids, suspensions, dispersions, or emulsions.
  • the compositions disclosed herein can be in a form suitable for dilution. That is, the compositions can be in the form of an aqueous or non-aqueous stock solution, concentrate, concentrated solution, dispersion, emulsion, or suspension that can be diluted to a desired concentration with a suitable solvent ⁇ e.g., water).
  • compositions can be in the form of a powder, paste, cream, or solid that can be reconstituted or mixed with a solvent and diluted to a desired concentration to form a solution or dispersion, emulsion, emulsif ⁇ able concentrated, slurries, or suspension.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can be in the form of a solution, such as an aqueous solution.
  • compositions can be added to the aqueous environment by pouring in a concentrate of the composition. Diluted solutions of the composition, as are described herein, can also be poured into the aqueous environment. Further, a tablet or cake of the disclosed compositions can be added to the aqueous environment and dissolved. Still further, automatic dispensing apparatus can be used to supply the disclosed compositions at regular intervals or continuously. In general, any method for incorporating a liquid or dissolved solid into an aqueous medium can be used herein. Mixing the aqueous environment before, during, and/or after the composition is incorporated will often be desired.
  • incorporating the disclosed compositions can be done at any stage of a process; the particular stage depending upon the desires of the practitioner.
  • the disclosed compositions. can be added to the pool water at the pre-filter and/or post-filter stage.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions are equally effective even when concentrated or when diluted with water up to a certain point.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can be diluted with water in the range of about 1 to about 400 parts water to one part antimicrobial composition and still perform effectively.
  • the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein can be diluted with water in a ratio of about 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11 :1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1, 16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 19:1, 20:1, 21 :1, 22:1, 23:1, 24:1, 25:1, 26:1, 27:1, 28:1, 29:1, 30:1, 31:1, 32:1, 33:1, 34:1, 35:1, 36:1, 37:1, 38:1, 39:1, 40:1, 41:1, 42:1, 43:1, 44:1, 45:1, 46:1, 47:1, 48:1, 49:1, 50:1, 51:1, 52:1, 53:1, 54:1, 55:1, 56:1, 57:1, 58:1, 59:1, 60:1, 61 :1, 62:1, 63:1, 64:1, 65:1, 66:1, 67:1, 68:1, 69:1, 70:1, 71:1, 72:1, 73:
  • dilutions can be used for certain applications. For example, dilutions of from about 1 to 500 up to about 1 to 1000 can be used for drinking water (human or animal).
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions are still be effective when present in a solution at from about 20 to about 500 parts per million (ppm), or from about 20 to about 200 ppm, based on the aliphatic heteroaryl salt component.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can be in a solution at about 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500 ppm or more, based on the aliphatic heteroaryl salt component, where any of the stated values can form an upper or lower endpoint when appropriate.
  • the disclosed compositions can be effective at concentrations of at or below about 100 ppm (e.g., at or below 50 ppm). It is expected that a dosage of the disclosed compositions as a liquid can be about
  • the disclosed compositions can be applied in liquid form to bulk recirculation water at dosages from about 0.5 to about 50 ppm as needed to achieve desired microbiological control.
  • the disclosed compositions can be applied in liquid form to white water system or fresh water make-up at from about 1 to about 1000 ppm to achieve desired control.
  • the disclosed compositions can also be added to starch systems and to mineral additive systems as a preservative at dosages of from about 20 to about 1000 ppm.
  • the disclosed compositions can be used to control bacteria, fungi, and algae at dosage ranges from about 0.015 to about 0.1 ppm for bulk water and from about 1 to about 5 ppm for dips and baths to remove and/or control parasites.
  • the disclosed compositions can be used in a dosage range of from about 1 to about 1500 ppm. It is understood, of course, that the exact dosage swill depend on the conditions of the aqueous environment (e.g., volume, degree of contamination, location), but optimization of the dose can be performed by the skilled artisan.
  • Certain materials, compounds, compositions, and components disclosed herein can be obtained commercially or can be readily synthesized using techniques generally known to those of skill in the art.
  • the starting materials and reagents used in preparing the disclosed compounds and compositions are either available from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich Chemical Co., (Milwaukee, Wis.), Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ.), Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, Pa.), or Sigma (St.
  • the disclosed antimicrobial compositions can be prepared by admixing, in any order, an aliphatic heteroaryl salt, trichloromelamine, and one or more of an aliphatic benzylalkyl ammonium salt, a dialiphatic dialkyl ammonium salt, and a tetraalkyl ammonium salt, and any optional additional components. Also, disclosed is an antimicrobial composition prepared by such a method. The resulting composition can also be diluted as described herein.
  • Scalder water was collected from the overflow end (the entrance end) of a commercial poultry scalder. The water was autoclaved to eliminate all populations of bacteria and bacterial spores to avoid interference during the study. The autoclaved scalder water was evaluated chemically and compared to raw scalder water to ensure that the organic material in raw and autoclaved scalder water was similar.
  • a test solution (interchangeably referred to in the examples as the antimicrobial composition) was prepared.
  • the test solution contained cetylpyridinium chloride (7.5 parts by weight), alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (0.1 part by weight), trichloromelamine (0.1 part by weight), cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (0.1 part by weight), and water (92.2 parts by weight).
  • a control solution was prepared by admixing cetylpyridinium chloride (7.5 parts by weight) and water (92.5 parts by weight). The same solutions were used in all of the examples.
  • Test tubes were prepared by adding 9 mL of autoclaved (sterilized) scalder water to sterile polystyrene test tubes. One set was prepared as controls by adding 9 mL of autoclaved scalder water to tubes. Another set was prepared by adding 9 mL of autoclaved scalder water and 1 mL of the test solution as identified above.
  • the pathogens were Salmonella typhimurium ("ST”), Listeria monocytogenes ("LM”), and
  • SA Staphylococcus aureau
  • the indicator was Escherichia coli (“EC") and the spoilage bacteria were Pseudomonas fluorscens ("PF") and Shewanella putrefaciens ("SP").
  • EC Escherichia coli
  • PF Pseudomonas fluorscens
  • SP Shewanella putrefaciens
  • Figure 2 is a graph that comparatively shows the reduction of bacterial colonies when exposed to a solution as disclosed herein and a solution of only cetylpyridinium chloride.
  • the colony forming units for Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureau, and Escherichia coli were tested.
  • Pseudomonas was also reduced to below 10 CFU/mL.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the effect of the test solution as compared with the control solution. It can be seen from Figure 3 that over a period of 24 hours, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shewanella putrefaciens were completely eliminated while E. coli and Pseudomonas fluorscens were substantially reduced as compared with samples treated with the control solution.
  • Figure 4 is a graph that comparatively shows the reduction of bacterial colonies when exposed to the test solution and the control solution.
  • Figure 4 is similar to Figure 2 and shows that the colony forming units for all microorganisms where nearly eliminated upon treatment with the antimicrobial test solution.
  • the antimicrobial solution was effective in eliminating all pathogenic, indicator, and spoilage bacteria tested in combination with scalder water applications. This data also indicates effectiveness of the test solution against very high concentrations of bacteria.
  • Example 2 Example 2 was conducted to measure the effects of antimicrobial solution at various concentrations on pathogenic, indicator and spoilage populations of bacteria associated with poultry. To this end, scalder water was collected from the overflow end (entrance end) of a commercial poultry scalder.
  • the water was autoclaved to eliminate all populations of bacterial and bacterial spores to avoid interference during the study.
  • the autoclaved scalder water was evaluated chemically and compared to raw scalder water to ensure that the organic material demand in raw and autoclaved scalder water were similar.
  • the antimicrobial composition as in Example 1 was diluted with deionized water to ratios of about 1:100, 1:150, 1:200, 1:300, and 1:400 (composition to water).
  • Sets of test tubes were prepared as controls by adding 9 mL of autoclaved (sterilized) scalder water to sterile polystyrene test tubes.
  • One set was prepared as controls by adding 9 mL of autoclaved scalder water to test tubes.
  • One set was prepared by adding 9 mL of autoclaved sclader water and 1 mL of each antimicrobial solution.
  • the control solution as with the previous examples, comprised a cetylpyridinium chloride solution in water.
  • the pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, the indicator Escherichia coli, and the spoilage bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens were grown overnight in Brian Heart infusion broth at 25 °C for 24 hours. Each bacterium was exposed to each autoclaved scalder water-sanitized combination for 2 minutes to mimic scalding. After exposure period, 1 mL of the suspension was placed into 9 mL of the Brian Heart infusion broth and vortexed. One mL of this mixture was then placed into the Bactometer module well and bacterial growth was measured. The results are presented in Tables 1-7.
  • the antimicrobial test solution disclosed above was found effective for eliminating populations of Salmonella, Pseudomonas, and Shewanella especially when used at concentrations of 1:150 or lower with scalder water applications.
  • Table 1 shows the effects of antimicrobial solution at various concentrations as compared with a control solution. It can be seen from Table 1 that bacterial elimination is fairly high for a solution diluted to about 1 :100.
  • Table 1 also shows the comparative effect of the test solution on Salmonella typhimurium as compared with a control solution. It can be seen in Table 1 that the test solution diluted to about 1 :100 and 1 :150 is very effective in reducing colony forming units.
  • Table 1 The effect of Test Solution various concentrations on Salmonella typhimurium
  • Table 2 The effect of the antimicrobial solution on Listeria is shown in Table 2. It can be seen that the test solution according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention completely eliminated populations of Listeria and Staphylococcus at all concentrations, including solutions diluted with water to about 1 :400. Table 2 also shows that colony forming units were substantially eliminated by the antimicrobial solution at all concentrations.
  • Table 2 The effect of Test Solution at various concentrations on Listeria monocytogenes
  • Table 3 shows the comparative effects of various dilutions of the antimicrobial test solution on E. coli. As shown, the test solution was able to eliminate populations of E. coli at a dilution of about 1:100. At dilutions of about 1:150 (or lower) the test solution was able to eliminate all species tested with the exception of E. coli. Because E. coli is not a pathogen, it is not necessary that it be eliminated at the scalder. Instead, it can be eliminated later in the process. For this reason, a water dilution of about 1:150 has been found to be suitable for the scalder.
  • Table 4 shows the comparative effects of the test solution at different concentration on Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Table 4 The effect of Test Solution at various concentrations on Staphylococcus aureus
  • Tables 5 and 6 comparatively show the effect of the test solution at different concentrations on Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens.
  • Table 7 is a graph that comparatively shows the effect of the antimicrobial solution for eliminating colony forming units of Campylobacter jejuni at a dilution of 1: 150.
  • Table 7 The effect of Test Solution on Campylobacter jejuni at a dilution of 1 :150
  • Example 3 The effects of the antimicrobial test solution on pathogenic indicator and spoilage populations of bacteria associated with broiler chicken carcasses attached to food contact surfaces were studied.
  • the pathogens, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes , Staphylococcus aureus, the indictor Escherichia coli, and the spoilage bacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens were grown overnight in Brian Heart infusion broth at 25 °C for 24 hours.
  • Five sterile TEFLONTM coupons were coated with 0.200 mL of each of the pathogens, the indicator or the spoilage species of bacteria (total of 30 coupons). The bacterial inocula were allowed to dry on the surface of the coupon for 4 hours. Each coupon was sprayed for 10 seconds (3 separate sprays) using a 1: ⁇ OO concentration of the test solution.
  • each coupon was completely coated with 30 mL solution of this solution. No sanitizer residual or wet appearance occurred.
  • each coupon was rinsed in 100 mL of sterile 1% buffered peptone broth. One mL of this mixture was then placed into 9 mL of Brian Heart infusion broth and then 1 mL of this mixture was placed into the Bactometer module well for measuring bacterial growth.
  • a control solution as disclosed above was prepared.
  • an antimicrobial solution as disclosed herein was prepared for testing purposes. A sample of the coupons coated with the control solution and the balance was coated with the disclosed antimicrobial solution. In both applications, electrostatic coating technique was used to adherently coat the entire surface of the coupon substrate.
  • test solution was extremely effective in eliminating populations of Salmonella, Listeria, Staphylococcus, E. coli, and Pseudomonas on food-contact surfaces. This method is effective for treating and sanitizing food-contact surfaces before or after processing operation.
  • Example 4
  • compositions were tested at several concentrations on E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. Specifically, stock solutions were prepared from various combinations of the components cetylpyridinium chloride (component “A”), alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (component “B”), cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (component “C”), and trichloromelamine (component “D”).
  • the various stock solutions were then diluted with de-ionized water to form 1% v/v ⁇ i.e., 10,000 ppm) solutions, 0.0502% v/v (i.e., 502 ppm) solutions, and 0.0015% v/v (i.e., 15 ppm) solutions.
  • a control solution of de-ionized water was also prepared.
  • the various dilute solutions were then contacted to agar plates inoculated with E. coli, Salmonella, or Listeria and incubated for 48 hours at 35°C. Each test was run in triplicate. The results in terms of CFU and logio CFU are shown in Tables 8-10. At a 1% concentration, all of the various compositions resulted in 100 % growth inhibition (i.e., 0 CFU or no growth).
  • Table 8 Compositions at 1 % against E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria
  • Table 9 Compositions at 502 ppm against E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria
  • A&C 28400 4.453 4.436 1080 3.033 3.386 77 1.886 2.654
  • Table 10 Compositions at 15 ppm against E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria
  • Example 5 Although, the exemplary embodiments provided herein are directed to a poultry processing line, it will be understood that the disclosed invention can be applied to other aqueous environments in general without departing from the spirit of the invention.
  • Example 5

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions antimicrobiennes et des procédés d'utilisation de telles compositions pour réduire, prévenir ou éliminer un microorganisme dans des environnements aqueux tels que les eaux industrielles ou de loisirs.
PCT/US2007/015769 2006-07-11 2007-07-11 Compositions et procédés pour la réduction ou la prévention de la croissance ou de la survie de microorganismes en environnements aqueux WO2008008362A2 (fr)

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CA002657579A CA2657579A1 (fr) 2006-07-11 2007-07-11 Compositions et procedes pour la reduction ou la prevention de la croissance ou de la survie de microorganismes en environnements aqueux
MX2009000461A MX2009000461A (es) 2006-07-11 2007-07-11 Composiciones y metodos para reducir o prevenir el crecimiento o supervivencia de los microorganismos en medios acuosos.
CN2007800328423A CN102083313A (zh) 2006-07-11 2007-07-11 用于减少或防止微生物在水环境中生长或存活的组合物和方法

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Cited By (4)

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US8075936B2 (en) 2003-03-05 2011-12-13 Byocoat Enterprises, Inc. Antimicrobial solutions and process related thereto
US10426161B2 (en) 2015-01-13 2019-10-01 Biosyn Inc Solid antimicrobial compositions with enhanced solubility
CN110423715A (zh) * 2019-08-28 2019-11-08 无锡市智者水生态环境工程有限公司 一种抑制蓝藻水华的复合微生物菌剂及其投放方法
US10542748B2 (en) 2016-02-23 2020-01-28 Isoklean Llc Stabilized antimicrobial compositions and methods of use

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WO2015039233A1 (fr) * 2013-09-23 2015-03-26 Avmor Ltd. Formulation chimique et procédé pour la décontamination et l'assainissement d'eaux usées contenant de l'huile et du pétrole
CN103947685B (zh) * 2014-05-12 2015-08-26 赵红伟 一种用于手术室杀菌的药物组合物
US10905125B2 (en) * 2014-10-14 2021-02-02 Italmatch Chemicals Gb Ltd. Biocidal compositions and method of treating water using thereof

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US5906825A (en) * 1997-10-20 1999-05-25 Magellan Companies, Inc. Polymers containing antimicrobial agents and methods for making and using same
US6436445B1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2002-08-20 Ecolab Inc. Antimicrobial and antiviral compositions containing an oxidizing species
US6627587B2 (en) * 2001-04-19 2003-09-30 Esc Inc. Cleaning compositions
WO2004077954A1 (fr) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-16 Byocoat Enterprises, Inc., Solution antimicrobienne et procede
CN1292898C (zh) * 2004-03-30 2007-01-03 张国华 纳米灭菌保健板及其生产方法

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8075936B2 (en) 2003-03-05 2011-12-13 Byocoat Enterprises, Inc. Antimicrobial solutions and process related thereto
US8080269B2 (en) 2003-03-05 2011-12-20 Byocoat Enterprises, Inc. Antimicrobial solutions and process related thereto
US8586115B2 (en) 2003-03-05 2013-11-19 Byocoat Enterprises, Inc. Antimicrobial solutions and process related thereto
US10426161B2 (en) 2015-01-13 2019-10-01 Biosyn Inc Solid antimicrobial compositions with enhanced solubility
US10542748B2 (en) 2016-02-23 2020-01-28 Isoklean Llc Stabilized antimicrobial compositions and methods of use
CN110423715A (zh) * 2019-08-28 2019-11-08 无锡市智者水生态环境工程有限公司 一种抑制蓝藻水华的复合微生物菌剂及其投放方法

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