WO2008001896A1 - Dispositif d'affichage et dispositif de contrôle de l'angle du champ de vision utilisé pour ce dernier - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage et dispositif de contrôle de l'angle du champ de vision utilisé pour ce dernier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008001896A1
WO2008001896A1 PCT/JP2007/063137 JP2007063137W WO2008001896A1 WO 2008001896 A1 WO2008001896 A1 WO 2008001896A1 JP 2007063137 W JP2007063137 W JP 2007063137W WO 2008001896 A1 WO2008001896 A1 WO 2008001896A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
viewing angle
display
angle control
control device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2007/063137
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Chikanori Tsukamura
Katsuhiko Morishita
Takehiko Sakai
Tsuyoshi Okazaki
Yoshiharu Kataoka
Dai Chiba
Original Assignee
Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha filed Critical Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
Publication of WO2008001896A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008001896A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a viewing angle control device capable of switching a viewing angle of a display between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, and a display using the viewing angle control device.
  • a display In general, a display is required to have a viewing angle as wide as possible so that a clear image can be seen from any viewing angle.
  • liquid crystal displays that have recently become widespread have been developed with respect to wide viewing angles because the liquid crystal itself has a viewing angle dependency.
  • notebook personal computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), or mobile phones are highly likely to be used in places where an unspecified number of people can exist, such as in trains and airplanes.
  • PDAs personal digital assistants
  • it is desirable that the viewing angle of the display is narrow because it is not desirable to display the information displayed by other people in the vicinity from the viewpoint of confidentiality and privacy protection.
  • This requirement is not limited to liquid crystal displays, but is a common issue for arbitrary displays.
  • a phase difference control device is provided in addition to a display device that displays an image, and the viewing angle characteristics are changed by controlling the voltage applied to the phase difference control device.
  • a technique has been proposed (for example, Japanese Patent No. 3322197).
  • Japanese Patent No. 3322197 exemplifies chiral nematic liquid crystal, homogenous liquid crystal, randomly aligned nematic liquid crystal, and the like as the liquid crystal mode used in the liquid crystal display device for phase difference control.
  • a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel is provided above the display liquid crystal panel, and these panels are sandwiched between two polarizing plates to adjust the voltage applied to the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel.
  • a configuration for performing viewing angle control is also disclosed conventionally (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 10-268251 and 2005-316470).
  • the liquid crystal mode of the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel is a twisted nematic system.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-3 16470 discloses a configuration in which a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel is provided between two polarizing plates having parallel transmission axes.
  • FIG. 5A of Japanese Patent No. 3322197 shows an equal contrast curve with a contrast ratio of 10: 1, and the contrast in the wide viewing angle direction certainly decreases at a narrow viewing angle.
  • the display of the human power next to it is also fully recognized. In general, even if the contrast ratio decreases to 2: 1, the display can be sufficiently visually recognized.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-268251 also switches between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle by adjusting the contrast by changing the voltage applied to the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel. The effect is not sufficient.
  • both the techniques of Japanese Patent No. 3322197 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-268251 provide a technique for switching between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle by reducing the contrast in the wide viewing angle direction.
  • Adopted force This method has the problem that there is a possibility that an image of another person's power that cannot be sufficiently shielded in the wide viewing angle direction may be seen at a narrow viewing angle.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and a display that can be adapted to various usage environments and applications by switching between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, and
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a viewing angle control device used in
  • a display according to the present invention is disposed on a display device driven according to an image to be displayed, and at least one of a back surface and a front surface of the display device, and the display Display comprising a viewing angle control device for controlling the viewing angle of the device
  • the viewing angle control device includes a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are homogeneously aligned between a pair of translucent substrates, and a drive circuit for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer,
  • the liquid crystal cell is disposed between two polarizing plates disposed so that polarization transmission axes are substantially orthogonal to each other, and the driving circuit includes an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal layer of the viewing angle control device.
  • the two polarizing plates whose polarization transmission axes are substantially orthogonal are arranged so as to sandwich the viewing angle control device.
  • the viewing angle control device and the two polarizing plates are not necessarily adjacent to each other, and some component may be interposed between them.
  • a predetermined voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer to change the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules, and the polarization state of the light emitted from the liquid crystal cell of the viewing angle control device is changed by utilizing the birefringence of the liquid crystal.
  • the polarizing plate arranged on the viewer side of the viewing angle control device acts as an analyzer, and the light emitted from the viewing angle control device to the viewer side can be transmitted or shielded depending on the viewing angle. it can. That is, the display state is the first state (wide viewing angle) that provides the first viewing angle range, and the second viewing angle range that is within the first viewing angle range and is narrower than the first viewing angle range. Can be switched to one of the second states (narrow viewing angle). Note that “wide viewing angle” and “narrow viewing angle” mean a relatively wide viewing angle and a relatively narrow viewing angle, not a specific absolute angle range.
  • the viewing angle can be controlled by switching between light transmission and shielding rather than reducing the display contrast on the wide viewing angle side as in the conventional viewing angle control technique. As a result, it is possible to provide a display adaptable to various usage environments and applications.
  • the liquid crystal layer of the viewing angle control device includes a positive nematic liquid crystal, and the driving circuit applies a predetermined voltage to the liquid crystal layer. It is preferable to provide a viewing angle range of.
  • each of the two polarizing plates transmits each polarized light. It is preferable that the axes are arranged so as to intersect within a range of 80 ° to 100 °.
  • the display device is a display device that emits linearly polarized light, and one of the two polarizing plates is provided in the display device.
  • a polarizing plate is preferred.
  • the display device may be a transmissive liquid crystal display device and may further include a backlight.
  • the viewing angle control device may be disposed between the backlight and the transmissive liquid crystal display device, or may be disposed in front of the transmissive liquid crystal display device.
  • the display device is preferably a reflective liquid crystal display device or a transflective liquid crystal display device.
  • the display device is a self-luminous display device, and one of the two polarizing plates has a configuration provided between the self-luminous display device and the viewing angle control device. May be.
  • the backlight is preferably a directional backlight having directivity in the normal direction.
  • the polarization transmission axis of the polarizing plate is in the range of 40 ° to 50 ° with the alignment axis of the liquid crystal molecules viewed from the normal direction of the viewing angle control device. Preferred to be arranged to cross at.
  • a retardation film is provided in at least one place between the viewing angle control device and the two polarizing plates.
  • the component of the wavelength ⁇ of the incident light to the viewing angle control device is transmitted through the viewing angle control device and the retardation film in the first state when the first viewing angle range is reached.
  • the second viewing angle range is ⁇ ⁇ 2
  • the retardation of the liquid crystal layer of the viewing angle control device is preferably 700 nm to 800 nm.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the viewing angle control device is 5.
  • a first viewing angle control device includes: A viewing angle control device that is arranged according to an image to be displayed and is disposed on at least one of a back surface and a front surface of a display device that emits linearly polarized light and is used to control a viewing angle of the display device.
  • a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are homogeneously aligned between the optical substrates; a drive circuit for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer; and a side opposite to a surface on which the linearly polarized light from the display device is incident in the liquid crystal cell And a polarizing plate having a polarization transmission axis substantially orthogonal to the plane of polarization of the linearly polarized light, and the drive circuit changes the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, thereby providing a light emission range.
  • a second viewing angle control device is disposed in front of a self-luminous display device driven according to an image to be displayed, and
  • a viewing angle control device used for controlling a viewing angle of an optical display device comprising: a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are homogeneously aligned between a pair of translucent substrates; and the liquid crystal layer And a pair of polarizing plates provided on the outside of the pair of translucent substrates so that the polarization transmission axes are orthogonal to each other, and the driving circuit includes liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the display state can be adapted to various usage environments and applications by switching the display state between the wide viewing angle and the narrow viewing angle, and the viewing angle control used therefor. Device.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) shows an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules at a narrow viewing angle; (B) shows the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules at a wide viewing angle.
  • FIG. 3 shows a configuration of a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram, (a) shows the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules at a narrow viewing angle, and (b) shows the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules at a wide viewing angle.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the definition of viewing angle with respect to a laminate of a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel and an upper polarizing plate arranged in the same direction as in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b).
  • FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (c) are diagrams showing the positional relationship between liquid crystal molecules and polarizing plate transmission axes according to viewing angles.
  • FIG. 6 is a modification of the display according to an embodiment of the present invention, and has a configuration further including a retardation film between a light-transmitting substrate and a polarizing plate of a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel. It is a schematic diagram shown.
  • FIG. 7 is a chart showing a luminance distribution at a wide viewing angle of a display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a chart showing a luminance distribution at a narrow viewing angle of a display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a chart showing a luminance distribution at a wide viewing angle of a display as a comparative example with the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a chart showing a luminance distribution at a narrow viewing angle of a display as a comparative example with the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a luminance distribution diagram of a general backlight (without a lens sheet).
  • FIG. 12 is a luminance distribution diagram of an example of a directional backlight in which lens sheets are stacked.
  • FIG. 13 is a luminance distribution diagram of another example of a directional backlight in which lens sheets are stacked.
  • FIG. 14 is a luminance distribution diagram of still another example of a directional backlight in which lens sheets are stacked.
  • FIG. 17 shows the narrow viewing angle state when only the knocklight is changed to the directional backlight having the luminance distribution shown in FIG. 14 under the same conditions as the case of measuring the luminance distribution of FIG. 3 is a chart showing a luminance distribution of a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of another modification of the display according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of still another modified example of the display that is useful for the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of still another modified example of the display that is useful for the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the liquid crystal display 100 includes two liquid crystal panels: a display liquid crystal panel 1 (display device) for displaying images and a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 (viewing angle control device).
  • the display liquid crystal panel 1 in this embodiment is a transmissive type, and a backlight 3 is used as a light source.
  • the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 is provided between the knocklight 3 and the display liquid crystal panel 1.
  • the liquid crystal in the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 is switched to perform a wide viewing angle (wide viewing angle) in which the image on the display liquid crystal panel 1 can be visually recognized.
  • the display state can be switched between a narrow viewing angle and a state (narrow viewing angle) where the image can be viewed.
  • the narrow viewing angle is particularly suitable when it is not desirable for others to view the image on the LCD panel 1 for display, and the wide viewing angle is used for other normal use or for displaying images on the LCD panel 1 for display. It is preferably used in cases such as when viewed by multiple people at the same time.
  • the display liquid crystal panel 1 includes a liquid crystal cell 11 in which a liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of translucent substrates, and polarizing plates 12 and 13 provided on the front and back of the liquid crystal cell 11.
  • the liquid crystal mode and cell structure of the liquid crystal cell 11 are arbitrary. Further, the drive mode of the display liquid crystal panel 1 is also arbitrary.
  • the liquid crystal panel 1 for display any liquid crystal panel that can display characters, images, or moving images can be used. Accordingly, the detailed structure of the display liquid crystal panel 1 is not shown in FIG. 1, and the description thereof is also omitted. Further, the display liquid crystal panel 1 may be a panel capable of color display or a panel dedicated to monochrome display. Furthermore, since any known backlight with no limitation on the configuration of the knocklight 3 can be used, illustration and description of the detailed structure of the backlight 3 are also omitted.
  • the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 includes a liquid crystal cell 21 having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of translucent substrates, and a polarizing plate 22 provided on the backlight 3 side of the liquid crystal cell 21. Yes.
  • the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal cell 21 also has a nematic liquid crystal force that is homogeneously aligned.
  • FIGS. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram mainly showing the configuration of the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2.
  • (a) shows the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules at a narrow viewing angle
  • (b) shows the liquid crystal molecules at a wide viewing angle. The arrangement state of is shown.
  • the liquid crystal cell 21 of the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 includes a pair of translucent substrates 21a and 21b.
  • Transparent electrodes are formed on the surfaces of the translucent substrates 21a and 21b using, for example, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide). Since the liquid crystal panel 1 for display needs to drive the liquid crystal in a display unit (pixel unit or segment unit), the power viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 having an electrode structure corresponding to the display unit is used.
  • the electrode structure is not limited. For example, a uniform transparent electrode may be formed on the entire surface of the translucent substrates 21a and 21b in order to perform uniform switching over the entire display surface, and any other electrode structure may be adopted. .
  • An alignment film (not shown) for aligning liquid crystal molecules is formed on the transparent electrode.
  • the alignment film is rubbed by a known method.
  • FIGS. 2 (a) and (b) the rubbing directions in the translucent substrates 21a and 21b are indicated by arrows R and R, respectively.
  • the rabin for the alignment film of the translucent substrate 21a Direction R is parallel and opposite to the rubbing direction R with respect to the alignment film of the transparent substrate 21b ab
  • the liquid crystal cell 21 is a so-called parallel cell having a twist angle of 0 ° (no twist).
  • the pretilt angle by the rubbing process is preferably about 2 ° to. If the pretilt angle is less than 2 °, the problem of alignment defects due to the reverse tilt domain of the liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied is likely to occur. If the pretilt angle is greater than 7 °, tilt unevenness is likely to occur.
  • the liquid crystal injected into the liquid crystal cell 21 is a (positive type) nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, and becomes homogenous alignment by the above-described alignment treatment. That is, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules 21c of the liquid crystal cell 21 are arranged so that the molecular major axes are substantially parallel to the substrate surfaces of the translucent substrates 21a and 21b.
  • the light transmitting substrates 21a and 21b are arranged so that their molecular long axes are substantially perpendicular to the substrate surfaces.
  • FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show a b of the liquid crystal cell 21 in a cross section parallel to the rubbing directions R and R.
  • FIG. 3 (a) It is a schematic diagram which shows a liquid crystal aligning state.
  • the applied voltage V e.g. 4.5
  • the molecular long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21c in the Balta region of the liquid crystal layer becomes substantially perpendicular to the substrate surfaces of the translucent substrates 21a and 21b.
  • the molecular long axes of the liquid crystal molecules 21c are substantially parallel to the substrate surfaces of the translucent substrates 21a and 21b.
  • the size of the liquid crystal molecules and the like are exaggerated in order to facilitate the distribution of the behavior V of the liquid crystal molecules.
  • the polarizing plate 22 provided below the liquid crystal cell 21 in the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 and the polarizing plate 13 of the display liquid crystal panel 1 are respectively
  • the polarization transmission axes X and X are arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal. Angle between polarization transmission axis X and X
  • the polarization transmission axis X of the polarizing plate 13 of the display liquid crystal panel 1 is relative to the alignment film of the translucent substrate 21a.
  • the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 that works on the above configuration is used to change the viewing angle into a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle.
  • the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 operates in cooperation with the polarizing plate 13 of the display liquid crystal panel 1 by switching the voltage applied to the liquid crystal cell 21 to widen the viewing angle. Switch between viewing angle and narrow viewing angle.
  • the viewing angle of a certain viewpoint power with respect to the laminate of the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 and the polarizing plate 13 is defined as the azimuth angle ⁇ and polar angle with respect to the center of the polarizing plate 13. Represented by ⁇ .
  • Fig. 4 shows the viewing angles of three viewpoints P to P for the laminate of viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 and polarizing plate 13 arranged in the same direction as Fig. 2 (a) and (b).
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ is a rotation angle of a line connecting a leg of a perpendicular line dropped from a viewpoint to a plane including the surface of the polarizing plate 13 and the center 13c of the polarizing plate 13.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ is on the normal direction of the polarizing plate 13 with the azimuth angle in the direction of the viewpoint P being 0 °.
  • the applied voltage V to the liquid crystal cell 21 is
  • the display state will be described.
  • a light-shielded state can be obtained by the same principle as at the time of observation.
  • the light is emitted from the backlight 3 and transmitted through the polarizing plate 22 to be liquid.
  • the linearly polarized light that has entered the crystal cell 21 is given birefringence by the liquid crystal molecules 21 c, the polarization direction is rotated so as to coincide with the polarization transmission axis of the polarizing plate 13, and the polarizing plate 13 is transmitted. Therefore, sufficient transmittance can be obtained for the viewing angle of the viewpoint P force.
  • the emitted light from the knocklight 3 can be shielded in the wide viewing angle direction.
  • the display image of the display liquid crystal panel 1 cannot be seen from the wide viewing angle direction, and the liquid crystal display 100 can have a narrow viewing angle.
  • the liquid crystal display 100 can have a wide viewing angle by generating sufficient birefringence so that a good display can be obtained in all directions.
  • the display state of the liquid crystal display 100 is changed by switching the application of voltage to the liquid crystal cell 21 of the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 and the non-application of Z. It is possible to switch between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle.
  • phase difference films 4a and 4b are provided between the translucent substrate 21b and the polarizing plate 22, respectively.
  • the retardation film 4a disposed between the translucent substrate 21a and the polarizing plate 13 is composed of negative C It is a retardation film called a plate, and the three-dimensional refractive index axes N, N and N
  • N of the retardation film 4a is perpendicular to the polarization transmission axis X of the polarizing plate 13, and N is parallel to the polarization transmission axis X of the polarizing plate 13.
  • N N
  • N in 4a is parallel to the polarization transmission axis X of polarizing plate 13, and N is the polarization transmission axis X of polarizing plate 13.
  • the retardation film 4a may be arranged so as to be perpendicular to the surface.
  • the retardation film 4b disposed between the translucent substrate 21b and the polarizing plate 22 is also a retardation film called a negative C plate, and the three-dimensional refractive index axes N 1, N 2, N 3
  • N of the retardation film 4b is perpendicular to the polarization transmission axis X of the polarizing plate 22, and N is parallel to the polarization transmission axis X of the polarizing plate 22.
  • N in 4b is parallel to the polarization transmission axis X of polarizing plate 22, and N is the polarization transmission axis X of polarizing plate 22.
  • the retardation film 4b may be arranged so as to be perpendicular to.
  • the linearly polarized light emitted from knocklight 3 and transmitted through polarizing plate 22 is the liquid crystal molecule 21c. Due to the refractive index ( ⁇ , n) of the liquid crystal, birefringence occurs in the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal cell 21 and elliptic polarization occurs. As a result, a component that passes through the polarizing plate 13 is generated, which causes light leakage.
  • the phase difference films 4a and 4b are provided for optically compensating the elliptically polarized light. That is, retardation films that generate elliptically polarized light that cancels elliptically polarized light generated in the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal cell 21 at a narrow viewing angle are used as the retardation films 4a and 4b.
  • the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 has an overall retardation of the liquid crystal cell 21 and the retardation films 4a and 4b in a viewing angle direction where light is shielded at a narrow viewing angle (when voltage V is applied).
  • the overall retardation of the liquid crystal cell 21 and the retardation films 4a and 4b is Eji ⁇ ⁇ 8 in the viewing angle direction where light is shielded at a narrow viewing angle, and in the viewing angle direction where light is not shielded at a narrow viewing angle.
  • the transmittance will be slightly lower than in the most preferable case, but it will function sufficiently as a liquid crystal panel for viewing angle control.
  • the refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ ) of the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal cell 21 the cell thickness of the liquid crystal cell 21 (the thickness of the liquid crystal layer) d, the retardation of the retardation films 4a and 4b, and The magnitude of the voltage V applied to the liquid crystal cell 21 is determined.
  • the retardation of the liquid crystal cell 21 is 80.7 nm. Therefore, in this case, the retardation value is approximately 100 ⁇ as the retardation films 4a and 4b! It is preferable to use a retardation film of about 200 nm, more preferably about 150 nm.
  • the retardation force of the liquid crystal cell 21 is preferably about 700 nm to 800 nm.
  • the optimum retardation value at a wide viewing angle of 3 ⁇ ⁇ 2 is approximately 700 ⁇ ! This is because the brightness is high at a wide viewing angle.
  • the liquid crystal cell 21 of the present embodiment preferably has a cell thickness d (the thickness of the liquid crystal layer) of 5 m or more. This is because when the cell thickness d is smaller than 5 / z m, it is difficult to control the viewing range at a narrow viewing angle to an appropriate range.
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show the luminance distribution of the liquid crystal display 100 when the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 including the retardation films 4a and 4b as shown in FIG. 6 is used.
  • FIG. 7 is a chart showing the luminance distribution of the liquid crystal display 100 at a wide viewing angle
  • FIG. 8 is a chart showing the luminance distribution of the liquid crystal display 100 at a narrow viewing angle.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are disclosed in FIGS. 5 and 7 of JP-A-2006-64882 as a comparative example.
  • Fig. 9 is a chart showing the luminance distribution of a liquid crystal display equipped with a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel for a wide viewing angle (Fig. 9) and a narrow viewing angle (Fig. 10).
  • the liquid crystal display 100 according to the present embodiment has a wide light shielding range at a narrow viewing angle. Especially for the viewing angle from the left and right sides of the panel (direction angle 90 ° or 270 °) and from the top (direction angle 0 ° direction), the light can be shielded more reliably than before. It is possible to effectively prevent snooping.
  • the liquid crystal display 100 that works with the present embodiment normally has all viewing angles when the user looks at the display, even at a wide viewing angle. Sufficient brightness is ensured.
  • retardation films 4a and 4b retardation films satisfying the relationship of N> N> N with respect to the three-dimensional refractive index axes N, N, and N may be used instead of the negative C plate. good.
  • a retardation film is available, for example, as an X plate manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation.
  • the slow axis N of the retardation film 4a is perpendicular to the polarization transmission axis X of the polarizing plate 13, and N is the polarizing plate 13
  • N is parallel to the normal line of the polarizing plate 13. Also, the phase difference
  • the slow axis N of the film 4b is perpendicular to the polarization transmission axis X of the polarizing plate 22, and N is the polarizing plate 22
  • N is parallel to the normal line of the polarizing plate 22.
  • the liquid crystal display 100 may use a general backlight (a backlight having a substantially average luminance distribution over the entire polar angle range) as the knocklight 3, It is preferable to use a directional backlight.
  • a backlight that can be realized by laminating one or more lens sheets on a general backlight.
  • FIG. 11 is a luminance distribution diagram when a general backlight (without a lens sheet) is used as the knocklight 3 instead of a directional backlight.
  • the brightness peak P of knocklight 3 is set so that the frontal force is also shifted in this way.
  • FIGS. 12 to 14 show the luminance distribution of the knocklight 3 in the case of a directional backlight using a lens sheet.
  • FIG. 12 is a brightness distribution diagram of the knocklight 3 when a lens sheet is laminated on the light exit surface of the backlight having the brightness characteristics shown in FIG.
  • the lens sheet is not limited to force using “BEF II 90Z50 (trade name)” manufactured by Sumitomo 3EM.
  • polar angle ⁇ 30 °. In the horizontal direction, the polar angle is about 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 40 °, and in the vertical direction, the polar angle is about 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 60 °.
  • FIG. 13 shows a configuration in which the same lens sheet as described above is laminated on the light exit surface of the backlight having the luminance characteristics shown in FIG. 6 is a luminance distribution diagram of the backlight 3.
  • FIG. 14 shows a knock light in the case where two lens sheets identical to the above are stacked on the light exit surface of the backlight having the luminance characteristics shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a luminance distribution diagram.
  • the luminance in the normal direction is about 2.8 times that without the lens sheet (the rate of increase in luminance is about 1.95).
  • the brightness increase rate varies depending on the constituent materials and design of the entire backlight system or the overall lighting effect, the above-mentioned brightness increase rate is not always optimal.
  • Th shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 represents a luminance equivalent to 50% of the luminance in the normal direction when one lens sheet is laminated.
  • the polar angle range (horizontal direction) in which the luminance of Th or higher can be obtained is about 66 ° for the lens sheet arrangement shown in FIG. 12, and about 96 ° for the lens sheet arrangement shown in FIG.
  • the polar angle range (vertical direction) at which luminance of Th or higher can be obtained is about 99 ° for the lens sheet arrangement shown in FIG. 12, and about 66 for the lens sheet arrangement shown in FIG. °.
  • the polar angle range that provides a luminance equivalent to 50% of the luminance in the normal direction is about 58 ° in the horizontal direction and about 88 ° in the vertical direction. is there.
  • FIG. 8 shows the luminance distribution when a general backlight having an almost average luminance distribution over the entire polar angle range, which is not a directional backlight, is used as the backlight 3.
  • a certain force When only the knocklight 3 is changed to the directional backlight having the luminance distribution shown in FIG. A luminance distribution as shown in FIG. 17 is obtained. That is, as the luminance peak approaches the front direction, the range of azimuth angles in which the light is shielded becomes wider. Therefore, it is possible to realize a display device that more reliably prevents a person looking at someone else from behind.
  • FIG. 18 shows a configuration of a liquid crystal display 200 as a modified example of the liquid crystal display 100 that is useful for the present embodiment.
  • the liquid crystal display 100 and the liquid crystal display 200 have the stacking order of the display liquid crystal panel 1 and the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 reversed. ing. That is, as shown in FIG. 18, the liquid crystal display 200 has a configuration in which the display liquid crystal panel 1 is laminated on the knocklight 3, and the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 is further laminated thereon.
  • the display liquid crystal panel 1 may be a transflective liquid crystal panel.
  • liquid crystal display 200 a laminated body of the upper polarizing plate 12 of the display liquid crystal panel 1 and the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 (the liquid crystal cell 21 and the polarizing plate 22) is illustrated with respect to the liquid crystal display 100.
  • 2 Functions in the same manner as the laminate shown in (a) and (b). Accordingly, in the liquid crystal display 200 shown in FIG. 18, as with the liquid crystal display 100, the display state of the liquid crystal display 100 can be controlled by switching ON / OFF of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal cell 21 of the liquid crystal panel 2 for controlling the viewing angle. You can switch between the angle and the wide viewing angle.
  • the liquid crystal displays 100 and 200 according to the present embodiment, if the voltage V is applied to the liquid crystal cell 21 of the liquid crystal panel 2 for viewing angle control, the liquid crystal display from a limited viewing angle can be obtained.
  • a narrow viewing angle display can be realized. Further, if a voltage is not applied to the liquid crystal cell 21 of the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2, the display can be visually recognized with a wide viewing angle force.
  • this embodiment merely shows specific examples of the present invention, and there is no intention to limit the technical scope of the present invention to these specific examples.
  • the above description exemplifies a configuration in which the entire liquid crystal layer of the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 is uniformly controlled.
  • the operation of the liquid crystal can be controlled for each local region. This makes it possible to vary the viewing angle of the display screen for each local area.
  • the viewing angle control device is disposed on the back surface or the front surface of the display device.
  • a configuration in which viewing angle control devices are arranged on both the back surface and the front surface of the display device is also included in the technical scope of the present invention.
  • the force display device using the transmissive liquid crystal panel as a specific example of the display device is not limited to this.
  • a reflective or transflective liquid crystal display panel can be used as the display device.
  • non-light emitting display devices such as liquid crystal display panels, for example, CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), plasma display, organic EL (Electro Luminescence) element, inorganic EL element, LED (Light Emitting Diode) display, Self-luminous display devices such as a fluorescent display tube, a field emission display, and a surface-conduction electron-emitter display can also be used.
  • FIG. 19 shows a configuration example in the case where a reflective liquid crystal display panel is used as the display device.
  • a liquid crystal display 300 shown in FIG. 19 has a configuration in which a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 is arranged on the front surface (observer side) of a reflective liquid crystal display panel 30.
  • the reflective liquid crystal display panel 30 includes a reflective liquid crystal cell 31 having a reflector (not shown) on the substrate opposite to the observer, and a polarizing plate 32 disposed on the upper surface of the reflective liquid crystal cell 31. I have. Since the structure and operation of the reflective liquid crystal cell are well known, detailed description thereof is omitted here.
  • the laminated body of the polarizing plate 32 of the reflective liquid crystal display panel 30 and the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 (the liquid crystal cell 21 and the polarizing plate 22) is shown in FIG. It functions in the same manner as the laminate shown in (b). Accordingly, in the liquid crystal display 300 shown in FIG. 19, similarly to the liquid crystal display 100, the display state of the liquid crystal display 300 is sandwiched by switching the applied voltage to the liquid crystal cell 21 of the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2. It can be switched between viewing angle and wide viewing angle.
  • FIG. 20 shows a configuration example in the case where a self-luminous display device such as an EL element is used as the display device.
  • the display 400 shown in FIG. 20 has a configuration in which the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 is disposed on the front surface (observer side) of the self-luminous display device 40.
  • the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 includes a pair of polarizing plates 22 and 23 on the front and back of the liquid crystal cell 21.
  • the polarization transmission axes of the polarizing plates 22 and 23 are arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal to each other.
  • the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2 liquid crystal cell 21 and polarizing plates 22, 23
  • the liquid crystal display 100 functions in the same manner as the laminate shown in FIGS.
  • the display state of the display 400 can be changed by switching ON / OFF of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal cell 21 of the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel 2. And a wide viewing angle.
  • the driving circuit of the viewing angle control device operates according to the content of the image displayed on the display device, and automatically switches between the narrow viewing angle and the wide viewing angle. You may make it change. For example, when the display is used to view web pages on the Internet, the software flag associated with each page is referred to according to the content of the web page, and it is preferable that the content is not seen by others.
  • the display state may be automatically switched to a narrow viewing angle. Further, when the browser is activated in the encryption mode, the display state may be switched to a narrow viewing angle.
  • the display force is a part of the data input device, or when the data type being input or the data type to be input is confidential, in connection with the data input device. It is also possible to adjust the display state to switch to a narrow viewing angle. For example, when the user inputs some personal identification number, the display may be automatically switched to the narrow viewing angle.
  • the viewing angle control device may be formed as a module or a cover that can be removed from the display device.
  • a removable module When such a removable module is attached to the display device, it can be electrically connected to the display device to obtain appropriate power and control signals.
  • an optical sensor that measures the ambient light of the display is further provided, and when the measured value of the optical sensor falls below a predetermined threshold, the display on the display It is also preferable to make the state a narrow viewing angle.
  • the display and the viewing angle control device that are useful in the present invention have a wide variety of uses.
  • displays such as notebook personal computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable game consoles, mobile phones, etc.
  • ATMs automated cash dispensers
  • information installed in public places Applies to displays for various devices such as terminals, ticket vending machines, and in-vehicle displays.
  • the viewing angle control device may be implemented in a state of being incorporated in a display, the viewing angle control device may be manufactured and distributed as a display component alone. There is also.
  • the present invention can be industrially used as a display that can be adapted to various usage environments and applications by switching between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, and a viewing angle control device used therefor.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif d'affichage applicable à divers environnements d'utilisation et à diveres applications par commutation de l'état d'affichage entre un champ de vision large et un champ de vision étroit. Le dispositif d'affichage comporte un panneau à cristaux liquides (2) de commande d'angle de champ de vision sur une surface arrière ou une surface avant du dispositif d'affichage. Le panneau à cristaux liquides de commande d'angle de champ de vision (2) comporte une cellule à cristaux liquides (21) incluant des molécules de cristaux liquides (21c) orientées de façon homogène entre une paire de substrats (21a, 21b) transmettant la lumière ; et un circuit de commande permettant d'appliquer une tension à une couche de cristaux liquides de la cellule à cristaux liquides (21). La cellule à cristaux liquides (21) est placée entre deux plaques de polarisation (13, 22) disposés de telle sorte que des axes de transmission de polarisation (X13, X22) se coupent de façon sensiblement orthogonale. Le circuit de commande commute l'état d'affichage entre l'angle de champ de vision large et l'angle de champ de vision étroit par changement de l'état d'orientation des molécules de cristaux liquides (21c) de la couche de cristaux liquides du panneau de cristaux liquides (2) de commande d'angle de champ de vision.
PCT/JP2007/063137 2006-06-30 2007-06-29 Dispositif d'affichage et dispositif de contrôle de l'angle du champ de vision utilisé pour ce dernier WO2008001896A1 (fr)

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JP2011186439A (ja) * 2010-01-18 2011-09-22 Sharp Corp トリックビュー向けの視野角依存性画素を有するディスプレイ及び方法
CN111295617A (zh) * 2017-09-15 2020-06-16 瑞尔D斯帕克有限责任公司 用于可切换定向显示器的光学叠堆
US11462193B2 (en) 2019-10-02 2022-10-04 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus
US11506939B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2022-11-22 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11573439B2 (en) 2019-01-07 2023-02-07 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11573437B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2023-02-07 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11586073B2 (en) 2019-02-12 2023-02-21 Reald Spark, Llc Diffuser for privacy display
US11604311B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2023-03-14 Reald Spark, Llc Optical waveguide for directional backlight
US11624944B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2023-04-11 Reald Spark, Llc Backlight for switchable directional display
US11630336B2 (en) 2018-01-25 2023-04-18 Reald Spark, Llc Reflective optical stack for privacy display
US11668963B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2023-06-06 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11733578B2 (en) 2019-11-13 2023-08-22 ReaID Spark, LLC Display device with uniform off-axis luminance reduction
US11740496B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2023-08-29 Reald Spark, Llc Pupillated illumination apparatus
US11747693B2 (en) 2018-07-18 2023-09-05 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11796828B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2023-10-24 Reald Spark, Llc Control of reflections of a display device
US11809052B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2023-11-07 Reald Spark, Llc Stabilization for privacy display
US11892717B2 (en) 2021-09-30 2024-02-06 Reald Spark, Llc Marks for privacy display
US11892718B2 (en) 2022-04-07 2024-02-06 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11977286B2 (en) 2022-02-09 2024-05-07 Reald Spark, Llc Observer-tracked privacy display
US12038649B2 (en) 2018-11-07 2024-07-16 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus

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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011186439A (ja) * 2010-01-18 2011-09-22 Sharp Corp トリックビュー向けの視野角依存性画素を有するディスプレイ及び方法
CN111295617A (zh) * 2017-09-15 2020-06-16 瑞尔D斯帕克有限责任公司 用于可切换定向显示器的光学叠堆
JP2020534556A (ja) * 2017-09-15 2020-11-26 リアルディー スパーク エルエルシー 切り替え可能な指向性ディスプレイ向けの光学積層体
US12066717B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2024-08-20 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11474397B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2022-10-18 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US11474396B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2022-10-18 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
JP7265820B2 (ja) 2017-09-15 2023-04-27 リアルディー スパーク エルエルシー 切り替え可能な指向性ディスプレイ向けの光学積層体
US11630336B2 (en) 2018-01-25 2023-04-18 Reald Spark, Llc Reflective optical stack for privacy display
US12038633B2 (en) 2018-01-25 2024-07-16 Reald Spark, Llc Reflective optical stack for privacy display
US11808965B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2023-11-07 Reald Spark, Llc Optical waveguide for directional backlight
US11604311B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2023-03-14 Reald Spark, Llc Optical waveguide for directional backlight
US11874576B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2024-01-16 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11809052B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2023-11-07 Reald Spark, Llc Stabilization for privacy display
US11747693B2 (en) 2018-07-18 2023-09-05 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for switchable directional display
US12038649B2 (en) 2018-11-07 2024-07-16 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11573439B2 (en) 2019-01-07 2023-02-07 Reald Spark, Llc Optical stack for privacy display
US11586073B2 (en) 2019-02-12 2023-02-21 Reald Spark, Llc Diffuser for privacy display
US11874541B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-01-16 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11573437B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2023-02-07 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11462193B2 (en) 2019-10-02 2022-10-04 Reald Spark, Llc Privacy display apparatus
US11733578B2 (en) 2019-11-13 2023-08-22 ReaID Spark, LLC Display device with uniform off-axis luminance reduction
US11796828B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2023-10-24 Reald Spark, Llc Control of reflections of a display device
US11668963B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2023-06-06 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US11506939B2 (en) 2020-04-30 2022-11-22 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus
US12013603B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2024-06-18 ReaID Spark, LLC Pupillated illumination apparatus
US11624944B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2023-04-11 Reald Spark, Llc Backlight for switchable directional display
US11740496B2 (en) 2020-07-29 2023-08-29 Reald Spark, Llc Pupillated illumination apparatus
US11892717B2 (en) 2021-09-30 2024-02-06 Reald Spark, Llc Marks for privacy display
US11921367B2 (en) 2021-09-30 2024-03-05 Reald Spark, Llc Marks for privacy display
US11977286B2 (en) 2022-02-09 2024-05-07 Reald Spark, Llc Observer-tracked privacy display
US11892718B2 (en) 2022-04-07 2024-02-06 Reald Spark, Llc Directional display apparatus

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