WO2008000851A1 - Método y dispositivo de proyección térmica - Google Patents
Método y dispositivo de proyección térmica Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008000851A1 WO2008000851A1 PCT/ES2006/000377 ES2006000377W WO2008000851A1 WO 2008000851 A1 WO2008000851 A1 WO 2008000851A1 ES 2006000377 W ES2006000377 W ES 2006000377W WO 2008000851 A1 WO2008000851 A1 WO 2008000851A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- combustion chamber
- combustion
- partially ionized
- electric arc
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 158
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000007749 high velocity oxygen fuel spraying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010286 high velocity air fuel Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical class [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
- B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
- B05B7/205—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
- B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
- B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
Definitions
- the invention is included in the field of thermal spray coating systems.
- the thermal projection procedures involve the generation of a gaseous flow that is used to accelerate particles of the coating material to be deposited and direct them towards the surface or substrate that is intended to be coated, where they impact and on which they are adhered.
- the interaction of the gas flow with the particles to be deposited defines the characteristics of the process and, ultimately, the nature and quality of the coatings generated.
- a traditional classification according to the technique used to generate said gas flow, could be the following:
- Plasma procedures are based on the use of two electrodes, among which an electric current that generates an arc is established, through which a gas that is ionized is passed by the electric arc, resulting in a plasma jet that has a very high temperature (typically greater than 10,000 0 C), its expansion through an outlet nozzle being used for thermal projection.
- a very high temperature typically greater than 10,000 0 C
- Plasma procedures due to their high temperature, allow the application of coatings with all types of material since they are capable of melting any type of powder or particle, both metallic and ceramic.
- these procedures have the disadvantage that the exit velocity of the particles carried by the plasma jet is not very high (usually 100 to 200 meters per second), so that coatings with limited limits can be achieved. density, compactness or adhesion.
- the temperature achieved is excessive and the particles of the coating material undergo undesired degradation processes, so it may be necessary to incorporate devices that reduce the temperature of the plasma jet.
- Combustion procedures are based on the combustion of gases inside a projection gun, so that the combustion gases exit through the gun barrel at high speeds.
- the coating material is introduced into the gun, from so that when they come into contact with the gases at high temperature, they melt and exit through the barrel of the gun at high speed, adhering on the piece to be coated.
- pulsed combustion procedures also known as detonation procedures.
- the high-speed continuous combustion procedures are based on the injection into the combustion chamber of a fuel and a oxidizer that, by ignition, produce a combustion reaction whose products leave through a hole in the combustion chamber, in the form of hot gas flow that drags the coating particles.
- the first generation devices generate a reduced pressure (3 to 5 bar) in the combustion chamber, so that the output velocity of the coating particles is not very high, which limits the characteristics of the coating obtained.
- Second generation devices are based on the generation of high pressure (from 5 to 10 bars) in the combustion chamber, in order to achieve a higher output speed (400 to 700 meters per second) of the coating particles and, therefore, a higher density in the coatings obtained. This is achieved by injecting a large volume of gases into the combustion chamber (4- combustion fuel) that logically generates a higher pressure in the chamber. Sometimes, additional air inputs are also used to increase the volume. Such procedures are described in US patents US-A-5,372,857, US-A-5,019,686, US-A-5,135,166, ÜS-A-5,330,798 and US-A- ⁇ .003,788.
- temperatures around 2100 degrees can be reached.
- US-A-5,932,293 describes how in the combustion chamber a burner is arranged which is a kind of disk that reaches high temperatures and helps maintain the temperature and favors the ignition of the combustion mixture.
- Figure 6 of US-A-5,932,293 shows a variant in which a plasma torch is used in combination with the burner, in order to extend the length of the flame generated by the plasma. This device is in fact a plasma torch
- thermal projection procedures are those based on the expansion of gases at high pressures, also called cold spraying, which consist of the use of a gas under pressure, without combustion, to drag the coating powders.
- US Pat. No. 5,302,414 can be cited.
- the projection of particles by essentially using kinetic energy, practically eliminates the undesirable effects of the thermal interaction of the materials to be projected with the gaseous medium.
- the coatings thus obtained have excellent characteristics of density, compactness, adhesion and absence of oxidation or degradation due to environmental reactivity.
- the use of these procedures is limited to few materials (mainly, low melting metals and high plasticity) and the costs, for the volume of gases necessary for the formation of the gas flow, are prohibitive for many of the applications Industrial
- This type of procedure also requires a heating system (resistors, coils) for the pressurized gas, to improve the characteristics of the process, so in practice, in addition to the purely kinetic component of energy, there is always a thermal component in the energy contribution experienced by the projected particles.
- a heating system resistor, coils
- US-A- ⁇ .986.471 describes an improvement in the processes of ⁇ cold spraying, "by means of the use of a plasma torch that provides an additional energy contribution to a high velocity gas flow.
- a plasma projection device equipped with an acceleration nozzle, in which high pressure gases are introduced which allow to increase the speed of the projection jet.
- this device produces the mixing of high temperature plasma gases with gases cold at high pressure, thus allowing to combine the advantages of both projection procedures, increasing the range and quality of the coatings obtained.
- a high velocity of the gas flow is synonymous with particles with high kinetic energy that develop, after impact, coatings of high density and adhesion, preferred in a large number of applications.
- the system object of this invention overcomes the limitations of the equipment described above, being defined by a high-speed continuous combustion process, in which a partially ionized gas flow generated by a gas is incorporated into said combustion Low power thermal plasma that acts as the initiator of the combustion process, while increasing the stability of said process. This also allows the generation of stable combustion processes for composition ranges (fuel percentage + oxidizing percentage) wider than those used in traditional continuous combustion processes (HVOF).
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a method of thermal projection for the realization of coatings of parts and / or substrates, comprising the steps of: introducing at least one fuel and at least one oxidizer in a combustion chamber with at least an exit; generate a combustion of a mixture of said fuel and oxidizer to produce combustion gases in the combustion chamber, so that the combustion gases exit through said at least one outlet, in the form of a flow of hot gas (ie , a hot gas flow comprising combustion products); adding, to said flow of hot gas and downstream with respect to the combustion chamber, a coating material (for example, in powder form), such that said coating material is mixed with the flow of hot gas; and projecting the coating material, mixed with the flow of hot gas, onto at least one piece and / or substrate to be coated with the coating material.
- a coating material for example, in powder form
- the method further comprises the additional steps of generating a partially ionized gas; and introducing said partially ionized gas into the combustion chamber, so as to cause the combustion of said fuel and oxidizer.
- the partially ionized gas is capable of maintaining the combustion process for composition ranges (fuel percentage + oxidizing percentage) wider than those used in combustion processes Traditional continuous (HVOF).
- the partially ionized gas not only acts initially to cause combustion, but the introduction of the partially ionized gas into the combustion chamber is maintained throughout the thermal projection process (that is, during the combustion of said fuel and oxidizer in the combustion chamber).
- a partially ionized gas is understood to be that which, after being subjected to an electric shock, maintains a concentration of neutral particles higher than that of charged particles (ions and electrons) generated by an electric shock.
- the process of the invention can be a second generation HVOF combustion process, that is, with high pressures in the combustion chamber, but which incorporates, for combustion activation, a plasma or gas partially ionized at high temperature (for example, electrically generated) -.
- This activation can occur continuously, that is, it can be maintained for as long as the projection on the substrate lasts.
- the partially ionized gas acts as a catalyst or combustion promoter, modifying the reaction mechanisms of the gases used in the combustion process. Therefore, the partially ionized gas is not the direct treatment (heating) source of the coating material, but it provides an energy that activates and stabilizes the combustion of the fuel and oxidizer mixture.
- the process allows all types of coating powders to be used, from those with a high melting point (ceramic powders) to low melting materials, such as metals that are currently deposited using cold spraying devices, that is, .
- the invention provides a continuous combustion process that extends its field of use apart from the "cold spraying" process field
- the higher temperature obtainable in combustion allows to use mixtures of less energetic gases than those currently used in the processes of continuous combustion for a given coating material. This allows less complex gases to be used for handling and operation. For example, it is possible to use methane for many applications that usually require for example propylene.
- a higher melting temperature of the coating powders can be obtained, which makes it possible to use
- the invention also allows working at low temperatures, for example, for coating materials.
- the electric generator used to produce the partially ionized gas can be of different powers according to the needs.
- a low power generator can be used (for example less than 10 kW )
- the process of the invention may comprise the step of injecting an additive gas into the combustion chamber (for example, compressed air) between the partially ionized gas generation zone and the combustion gas injection zone;
- This additive gas is mixed with the partially ionized gas before entering the combustion chamber (in this phase, the additive gas can be partially ionized by the partially ionized gas).
- This additive gas represents a volume of hot gas that is supplied to the combustion chamber.
- the contribution to the combustion chamber of the additive gas allows to reduce the volumes of combustion gases (fuel and oxygen, for example) necessary, thus maintaining the pressure in the chamber and therefore, a high projection speed but reducing the energy power of combustion and, consequently, the usual overheating problems in second generation HVOF procedures.
- the flow rate of the additive gas can be large compared to the flow rate of partially ionized gas. It may be preferable that the flow rate of the additive gas is at least twice the flow rate of partially ionized gas (considering the flow rates equivalent to atmospheric pressure). For example, in a typical case, an additive gas with a flow rate of the order of 100 liters (or "standard liters") per minute, can be provided to a partially ionized gas with a flow rate of the order of 20 liters (or "Standard liters ”) per minute.
- the partially ionized gas is. It can be generated by the step of generating at least one electric arc and conducting a plasma gas through said at least one electric arc to obtain said partially ionized gas.
- the partially ionized gas being generated electrically, allows adjustment or regulation of the power applied to the procedure very simply: simply adjust the intensity and voltage of the partially ionized gas generator to obtain different powers.
- a system is available in which its temperature can be increased, gradually and at will, simply acting on a kind of "potentiometer". That is, the at least one electric arc can be regulated to adjust the energy input (temperature and / or chemical activity) to the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
- the fuel can be, for example, a combustible hydrocarbon, such as methane, propane, propylene, butane or mixtures thereof.
- the oxidizer may be, for example, oxygen or air.
- the partially ionized gas (or the plasma gas from which the partially ionized gas is produced) can be, for example, argon, helium, neon, hydrogen, or a mixture thereof.
- That arc can be generated with a power lower than, for example, 10 kW.
- a thermal projection device for the realization of coatings of parts and / or substrates, comprising: at least one combustion chamber, provided with at least one fuel inlet, at least one combustion inlet and at least one outlet for the combustion gas outlet, in the form of a hot gas flow, from said chamber of combustion towards a piece and / or substrate; and at least one inlet for the injection of a coating material, so that said coating material is mixed with the flow of hot gas, downstream with respect to the combustion chamber.
- the device further comprises: a partially ionized gas generating part comprising an electric arc generator and a plasmid gas conduction system from a plasmid gas inlet to a partially ionized gas outlet through the electric arc generator, said electric arc generator being configured to generate an electric discharge in the plasma gas by at least one electric arc, so that the partially ionized gas is obtained, said partially ionized gas outlet being in communication with the chamber of combustion for the injection of partially ionized gas into said combustion chamber.
- a partially ionized gas generating part comprising an electric arc generator and a plasmid gas conduction system from a plasmid gas inlet to a partially ionized gas outlet through the electric arc generator, said electric arc generator being configured to generate an electric discharge in the plasma gas by at least one electric arc, so that the partially ionized gas is obtained, said partially ionized gas outlet being in communication with the chamber of combustion for the injection of partially ionized gas into said combustion chamber.
- the device may comprise an additive gas inlet, for injection an additive gas (for example, air) in the combustion chamber.
- Said additive gas inlet may communicate with said partially ionized gas outlet, so that the additive gas injected by said additive gas inlet is mixed with the partially ionized gas before reaching the combustion chamber, where it mixes with the combustion gases.
- the device may comprise at least one regulating element (for example, of the potentiometer type) functionally associated with the electric arc generator, to allow the regulation of the at least one electric arc, to adjust the energy input to the fuel mixture in the chamber of combustion
- the outlet for the flue gas outlet can communicate with a conduit for the flow of hot gas.
- Said conduit for the flow of hot gas may be formed by a conduit in a barrel of a projection gun.
- the inlet for the injection of a powder coating material can communicate with said conduit for the flow of hot gas.
- the electric arc generator may be configured to generate said at least one electric arc with a power of less than 10 kW.
- the device may be configured to maintain an introduction of partially ionized gas into the combustion chamber for substantially the entire duration of a combustion in the combustion chamber.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a process according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 2. Shows a conceptual schematic view in longitudinal section of a device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 3. Shows a photograph of a microstructure of a tungsten carbide coating obtained with the process of the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates, schematically, a process according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which a partially ionized gas A is generated, to which an additive gas B (for example, air) is added, which is mixed with the partially ionized gas.
- This mixture is introduced into a combustion chamber 1, in which fuel C and oxidizer D are also added.
- the combustion that occurs in the combustion chamber 1 generates a flow of hot gas E.
- a material is introduced coating F to said jet or flow E, so that it is mixed with the jet, which is directed to the surface or substrate G that is desired to be coated, in a conventional manner.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the device comprises a combustion chamber 1, provided with a fuel inlet 2, a combustion inlet 3 and an outlet 4 for the flue gas outlet, in the form of a hot gas flow E, from said combustion chamber towards a piece and / or substrate G, on which the coating H. will be deposited.
- the device comprises an input
- the device further comprises a partially ionized gas generating part 100 comprising a plasma gas conduction system 8 from a plasma gas inlet 81 to a partially ionized gas outlet 82, through an electric arc generator configured to generate a discharge in the form of an electric arc in the plasma gas, in order to generate the partially ionized gas from said plasma gas.
- the outlet 82 of partially ionized gas is in communication with the combustion chamber 1 for the injection of partially ionized gas into said combustion chamber 1.
- an inlet 9 of additive gas for example, air
- This additive gas inlet 9 communicates with the outlet 82 of partially ionized gas, so that an additive gas introduced by said gas inlet additive 9 is mixed with partially ionized gas, before reaching combustion chamber 1 to mix with combustion gases.
- the electric arc generator comprises an anode 7 and a cathode 6 connected to the corresponding electric power source, and is configured to generate partially ionized gas with at least one electric arc.
- the electric arc generator is functionally associated with a regular element (potentiometer type), to allow the regulation of the at least one electric arc, to adjust the energy contribution to the combustion process in the combustion chamber (1).
- the outlet 4 for the flue gas outlet communicates with a conduit 41 for the flow of hot gas, formed by a conduit in a barrel 42 of a projection gun.
- the inlet 5 for the injection of a powder coating material communicates with the conduit 41 for the flow of hot gas, whose expansion through an outlet orifice 43 of the conduit 41, causes the acceleration of hot gas to supersonic speeds .
- Figure 3 is a photograph of the microstructure of a tungsten carbide coating obtained with the process of the invention. In the photograph, a series of points have been marked indicating the hardness obtained in each of them in HVO units, 3. The hardnesses obtained in the different points (1311, 1119, 1192, 1250, 1324, 1052, 1139, 1298, 1433, 1343) are the usual ones for a tungsten layer, but it is a coating obtained with a much lower consumption of gases.
- the parameters of the process with which the coating was obtained are the following:
- Electrodes that formed an arc of 400 Amps at 25 Volts were used, among which they injected 25 sl / min of Argon ("if" represents "Standard liters", that is, the volume under established pressure and temperature conditions that are considered standard -
- the partially ionized gas was mixed with 100 sl / min of air.
- a gun with a length of 100 mm and a diameter of 8 mm was used at the combustion chamber outlet.
- the thermal projection was carried out on a substrate material composed of steel.
- the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments that have been described but also covers, for example, the variants that can be made by the average person skilled in the art (for example, in terms of the choice of materials, dimensions , components, configuration, etc.), within what follows from the claims.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/305,504 US20100034979A1 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2005-06-28 | Thermal spraying method and device |
JP2009517296A JP2009541597A (ja) | 2006-06-28 | 2006-06-28 | 溶射方法および溶射装置 |
PCT/ES2006/000377 WO2008000851A1 (es) | 2006-06-28 | 2006-06-28 | Método y dispositivo de proyección térmica |
CN200680055119.2A CN101473057B (zh) | 2006-06-28 | 2006-06-28 | 热喷涂方法和装置 |
EP06794052A EP2034037A1 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2006-06-28 | Thermal spraying method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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PCT/ES2006/000377 WO2008000851A1 (es) | 2006-06-28 | 2006-06-28 | Método y dispositivo de proyección térmica |
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WO2008000851A1 true WO2008000851A1 (es) | 2008-01-03 |
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PCT/ES2006/000377 WO2008000851A1 (es) | 2006-06-28 | 2006-06-28 | Método y dispositivo de proyección térmica |
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US (1) | US20100034979A1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP2034037A1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP2009541597A (es) |
CN (1) | CN101473057B (es) |
WO (1) | WO2008000851A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102009010497A1 (de) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-08-05 | J-Fiber Gmbh | Mehrdüsiger rohrförmiger Plasma-Abscheidebrenner zur Herstellung von Vorformen als Halbzeuge für optische Fasern |
RU2536818C2 (ru) * | 2009-02-05 | 2014-12-27 | Зульцер Метко Аг | Установка плазменного нанесения покрытий и способ покрытия или обработки поверхности подложки |
KR20120036817A (ko) * | 2009-05-01 | 2012-04-18 | 더 리젠츠 오브 더 유니버시티 오브 미시건 | 인-시투 플라즈마/레이저 하이브리드 장치 및 방법 |
JP2012193431A (ja) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-10-11 | Hiroyuki Shimada | プラズマ溶射装置 |
EP2757174A1 (de) * | 2013-01-22 | 2014-07-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Geregelte thermische Beschichtung |
EP2757173A1 (de) * | 2013-01-22 | 2014-07-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Geregelte thermische Beschichtung |
JP2017008394A (ja) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-01-12 | 有限会社エスエスシー | 低温溶射用hvaf溶射装置 |
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2006
- 2006-06-28 JP JP2009517296A patent/JP2009541597A/ja active Pending
- 2006-06-28 CN CN200680055119.2A patent/CN101473057B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-28 EP EP06794052A patent/EP2034037A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-28 WO PCT/ES2006/000377 patent/WO2008000851A1/es active Application Filing
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US5135166A (en) | 1991-05-08 | 1992-08-04 | Plasma-Technik Ag | High-velocity thermal spray apparatus |
US5330798A (en) | 1992-12-09 | 1994-07-19 | Browning Thermal Systems, Inc. | Thermal spray method and apparatus for optimizing flame jet temperature |
US5372857A (en) | 1992-12-17 | 1994-12-13 | Browning; James A. | Method of high intensity steam cooling of air-cooled flame spray apparatus |
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WO1998034440A1 (en) * | 1997-02-04 | 1998-08-06 | State Of Israel Atomic Energy Commission, Soreq Nuclear Research Center | Thermal spray coating applicator element and apparatus for using same |
US6517010B1 (en) | 1997-09-11 | 2003-02-11 | Aerostar Coating, S.L. | System for injecting gas into a detonation projection gun |
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US6986471B1 (en) | 2002-01-08 | 2006-01-17 | Flame Spray Industries, Inc. | Rotary plasma spray method and apparatus for applying a coating utilizing particle kinetics |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2009541597A (ja) | 2009-11-26 |
CN101473057A (zh) | 2009-07-01 |
CN101473057B (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
EP2034037A1 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
US20100034979A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
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