WO2008000737A1 - Procede de codage en mode trame ou bitrame - Google Patents
Procede de codage en mode trame ou bitrame Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008000737A1 WO2008000737A1 PCT/EP2007/056366 EP2007056366W WO2008000737A1 WO 2008000737 A1 WO2008000737 A1 WO 2008000737A1 EP 2007056366 W EP2007056366 W EP 2007056366W WO 2008000737 A1 WO2008000737 A1 WO 2008000737A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- frame
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- macroblocks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/85—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/112—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode according to a given display mode, e.g. for interlaced or progressive display mode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/14—Coding unit complexity, e.g. amount of activity or edge presence estimation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
- H04N19/159—Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/172—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a picture, frame or field
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
- H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/80—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for encoding an image in a frame or bit frame mode, the bitrame mode being able to locally exploit the frame mode for a group of macroblocks.
- Interlaced video is the most used format for television.
- a bitrame or "frame” image in English consists of two even and odd fields also called high and low, "top field” and “bottom field” in English, which represent respectively the even and odd lines of the image. Since the high and low frames are acquired at two different times, some images in a sequence show interlacing artifacts due to movement between the two acquisitions.
- the standard MPEG 4 or H264 can encode an image in three different modes: "bitrame”,
- Block Adaptive Field Frame In bit-frame mode, the image is encoded as is, in frame mode, the two frames are coded separately.
- the mode is, in frame mode, the two frames are coded separately.
- MBAFF can be used in addition to the bitrame mode to improve this mode by allowing to locally separate the frames of the image.
- FIG. 1 represents a group of macroblocks of an image or SuperMacroBloc SMB consisting of two vertical macroblocks MB, coded in frame mode or in bitrame mode.
- the coding of the supermacroblock in bitrame mode consists in coding macroblocks referenced 1 and 2 each consisting of an alternation of lines of a first and a second frame.
- the encoding of the supermacroblock in raster mode consists of coding macroblocks referenced 3 and 4 each consisting of a succession of lines respectively belonging to the first and the second frame.
- FIG. 2 represents a referenced image 5 for which an image scan is performed by pair of macroblocks or supermacroblock referenced 6 allowing this choice of coding locally.
- the coding is done in two passes, one in frame mode and the other in bitrame or bitrame + MBAFF mode.
- the encoder then memorizes the results obtained after each of the passes and then compares them using an optimization function based on a compromise rate / quality of the image.
- the disadvantage of this type of method is its cost in computing time.
- the main idea is to detect supermacroblocks, consisting of 2 vertical macroblocks, which belong to a moving region, using the motion detection filter presented in the document entitled “A Robust Motion Detection and Estimate Filter For Video Signals", authors M. Latzel, JK Tsotsos, Proceedings of the 2003 SPIE Conf. on Image and Video Communication and Processing, Jan. 2003.
- the algorithm makes the decision to encode it in frame mode, in bitrame mode in the other case.
- a mask image is then constructed as follows:
- a supermacroblock is considered in motion if the pixels x, y of this supermacroblock SMB are such that: ⁇ M (x, y)> T 2 x, yeSMB with T2, predefined threshold.
- the ratio S of moving supermacroblocks with respect to the supermacroblocks in the image is then calculated as well as the average of the absolute value of the difference D in luminance between the current image and its reference.
- bitrame / frame decision is made for the entire image, as follows:
- FLADIntra n [k] ⁇ ⁇
- inter-frame luminance gradients are given by the sum of the absolute values of the differences between co-located pixels of two frames separated by periods of 1T, 2T, xT and are calculated 16 lines by 16 lines in the frame:
- FLADInterxT n [k] ⁇ ⁇
- the denominations FLADIntra and FLADInter are to be compared to the English expression FieLd Absolute Difference.
- the selection criterion is given by the spatial activity:
- SPAct is greater than a predefined threshold, the image is encoded in raster mode, otherwise the image is encoded using the bitrame + MBAFF mode.
- a third approach consists in coding all the images B, of bidirectional predictive type, in bitrame mode and the unidirectional predictive mode P images in frame mode. This simple algorithm comes from the observation that these are the most used modes by the algorithm a posteriori for each type of image.
- the motion detector filter requires processing on the complete image, calculations and memorization of masks.
- the filtering solutions are not optimized, in particular for the choice of coding mode at the level of the macroblock or supermacroblock.
- the subject of the invention is a method of coding images in frame or bit-frame mode, the image bit-picture mode being able to locally exploit in the image, for a group of macroblocks, the frame mode, characterized in that it comprises the steps following:
- calculating a relative activity index of the group which is an increasing function of the temporal activity and a decreasing function of the calculated spatial activities, comparing the relative activity index of the group with a predefined threshold to define it as a group with activity,
- the temporal activity is a function of the inter-frame gradient between the macroblocks of the frame mode macroblock group and the spatial activity is a function of the intra-frame gradient between the lines taken in pairs. each of the macroblocks frames of the group of macroblocks in frame mode.
- the activity index is an increasing function of the inter-frame gradient and a decreasing function of the sum of the intra-field gradients.
- the said group of macroblocks is a supermacroblock and the frame or bitrame mode at the group of macroblocks is the MBAFF mode, acronym for the English MacroBlock Adaptive Field Frame.
- the relative activity has the value: FLADInterMB K - -
- FLADIntraMB n £
- FY n (i, j) representing the luminance value of the horizontal coordinate pixel i and the vertical coordinate j of the n-frame of the supermacroblock.
- the image is coded in frame mode, the image being coded in the mode. MBAFF bitrame otherwise.
- the predetermined threshold is 1 A
- the invention also concerns a device for implementing the method, comprising a lookahead circuit for performing a coding decision algorithm, connected to an encoding circuit for actual encoding of a frame or bit frame image, characterized in that the coding circuit receives from the pre-analysis circuit frame or bit-frame coding information as a function of the number of groups of macroblocks detected with activity, in the picture.
- the invention by adapting the motion or activity detection to the coding entities and the possible coding modes, ie to the group of macroblocks and to the frame and bitrame mode, and by improving this detection, makes it possible to optimize the choice of the frame or bitrame coding mode for the image. Data compression, or image quality for a given bitrate, is improved.
- FIG. 1 a macroblock group in bitrame and frame mode
- FIG. 2 an image coding using the MBAFF mode
- FIG. 3 a coding algorithm according to the invention.
- the principle is to use the gradient metric in a local approach. It involves detecting SMB supermacroblocks of the image that meet a particular gradient criterion. A phase of
- spatial activity or spatial complexity of a block a quantity which is directly related to the spatial correlation within this block.
- the spatial complexity is large, the correlation is weak and vice versa.
- the temporal complexity is linked to the temporal correlation, generally between two collocated blocks of images or successive frames of a sequence of images.
- the invention proposes firstly to take a decision locally, frame / bi-frame, and, in a second step, to make a more global analysis, this analysis s' operating from all local decisions. Simulation results, presented
- FIG. 3 represents a flowchart of the method according to the invention.
- the data relating to an n-1 frame and a n frame are transmitted to the input of the flow chart.
- Each supermacroblock, consisting of a macroblock of the n-1 frame and a macroblock of the frame n is processed successively.
- Step 7 performs the intra calculation of FLADIntraMB n corresponding to the difference in absolute value of the lines, taken two by two, inside the 16 x 16 macroblock of the frame n.
- FY n (i, j) represents the luminance value of the horizontal coordinate pixel i and the vertical coordinate j of the n-frame of the supermacroblock. It is assumed that the n-1 frame is the high frame of the image and n the low frame of the supermacroblock image. Step 8 performs the inter calculation of FLADinterMB corresponding to the difference in absolute value between the macroblock of the frame n and that of the frame n-1.
- FLADinterMB £
- Step 9 For each supermacroblock constituted by the lines of the macroblock of the frame n and the lines of the corresponding macroblock of the n-1 frame, the vertical gradient of the block 16x32, when in bitrame configuration, is compared with the vertical gradient of the block 16x32 when it is in frame configuration. Step 9 thus calculates the ratio R called the relative activity index:
- the ratio R represents in the numerator the 16 ⁇ 16 frame macroblock gradient between two successive n-1 frames and n and to the denominator the sum of 1 to 16 ⁇ 16 macroblock frames between successive lines taken in pairs, the n-frame and the n-1 frame.
- the next step 10 compares this calculated value R with a predefined threshold T1, which can be determined empirically. If the ratio R is greater than the threshold T1, the supermacroblock is considered to belong to a moving or active region and is called a supermacroblock with activity.
- a step 11 increments a counter NbMBframe for knowing the number of macroblocks of the image satisfying this condition.
- step 12 which checks whether it is the last supermacroblock of the image.
- step 12 is looped back to step 7 via a step 13 which replaces the current supermacroblock with the following supermacroblock in the scanning direction. If it is the last supermacroblock, ie when the image has been completely processed, the next step 14 compares the NbMBtrame value with the number of macroblocks in the image divided by two. If this value is greater than this number, ie if the ratio of moving supermacroblocks to supermacroblocks in the image exceeds 50%, the image is coded in frame mode, step 15. If this value is less than or equal to , the image is encoded in bitrame mode, exploiting the MBAFF mode, step 16.
- the implemented algorithm is based on an a priori criterion. If, during the pre-analysis, the number of macroblocks declared in motion, or with spatial and temporal activity, is greater than a threshold, in the example, half the number of macroblocks in the image, it is advantageous to force the coding of all the macroblocks of the frame mode image, ie to encode the frame mode image. In the opposite case, the image is coded in bitrame mode, leaving the choice, for the coding at the level of the supermacroblock, the mode frame or bitrame.
- the process according to the invention has been compared with those mentioned above, namely that using a gradient algorithm and that using a gradient algorithm. exploiting the algorithm for encoding frame mode predictive P-pictures and bidirectional B-mode pictures on some common sequences known to be used as test sequences for coding quality determination.
- results are given in the table below by comparing with a posterior algorithm, which is the reference algorithm giving the best results.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing the method. It includes a pre-analysis circuit and an encoder itself.
- the pre-analysis circuit exploits the frame-bitram decision algorithm previously described.
- the information relating to the frame-bitrame coding mode is transmitted to the coder for the effective coding of the image sequence.
- MBAFF especially the standard MPEG4 AVC or H 264.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009517168A JP5148605B2 (ja) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-26 | フレーム・モード又はフィールド・モードの符号化方法 |
CN200780025056.0A CN101485207B (zh) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-26 | 帧模式或场模式的编码方法和设备 |
US12/308,907 US8428132B2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-26 | Frame or field mode coding method |
EP07786845A EP2036356A1 (fr) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-26 | Procede de codage en mode trame ou bitrame |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0605969 | 2006-06-30 | ||
FR0605969A FR2903271A1 (fr) | 2006-06-30 | 2006-06-30 | Procede de codage en mode trame ou bitrame |
Publications (1)
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WO2008000737A1 true WO2008000737A1 (fr) | 2008-01-03 |
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PCT/EP2007/056366 WO2008000737A1 (fr) | 2006-06-30 | 2007-06-26 | Procede de codage en mode trame ou bitrame |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US8428132B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2036356A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5148605B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101485207B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2903271A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008000737A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5784107A (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1998-07-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for picture coding and method and apparatus for picture decoding |
EP1494483A2 (fr) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-01-05 | Nextream France | Codeur vidéo avec controle de la structure de GOP selon l'activité spatiale et temporelle |
WO2006033915A2 (fr) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-30 | Thomson Licensing | Procede et appareil de codage rapide de trame et de champ video |
Family Cites Families (11)
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JP2828997B2 (ja) * | 1988-07-22 | 1998-11-25 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 適応型変換符号化装置 |
JP3125145B2 (ja) | 1990-08-29 | 2001-01-15 | 日立電子株式会社 | 画像データの高能率符号化方法及びその装置 |
JP2684941B2 (ja) * | 1992-11-25 | 1997-12-03 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 画像符号化方法及び画像符号化装置 |
JP3092280B2 (ja) * | 1991-07-30 | 2000-09-25 | ソニー株式会社 | 画像信号の高能率符号化及び復号化装置 |
JP2991833B2 (ja) * | 1991-10-11 | 1999-12-20 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | インターレス走査ディジタルビデオ信号の符号化装置及びその方法 |
US6259733B1 (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2001-07-10 | General Instrument Corporation | Pre-processing of bit rate allocation in a multi-channel video encoder |
GB9928022D0 (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2000-01-26 | British Telecomm | Video coding and decording |
JP4222274B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-20 | 2009-02-12 | 日本ビクター株式会社 | 符号化モード選択装置及び符号化モード選択プログラム |
JP2006080925A (ja) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-23 | Toshiba Corp | 動画符号化装置、動画符号化方法および動画符号化プログラム |
US8045618B2 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2011-10-25 | Lsi Corporation | Method and apparatus for MPEG-2 to VC-1 video transcoding |
US7701508B2 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2010-04-20 | Lsi Corporation | Accurate motion detection for the combination of motion adaptive and motion compensation de-interlacing applications |
-
2006
- 2006-06-30 FR FR0605969A patent/FR2903271A1/fr active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-06-26 JP JP2009517168A patent/JP5148605B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-26 WO PCT/EP2007/056366 patent/WO2008000737A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-06-26 EP EP07786845A patent/EP2036356A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-26 US US12/308,907 patent/US8428132B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-26 CN CN200780025056.0A patent/CN101485207B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5784107A (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1998-07-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for picture coding and method and apparatus for picture decoding |
EP1494483A2 (fr) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-01-05 | Nextream France | Codeur vidéo avec controle de la structure de GOP selon l'activité spatiale et temporelle |
WO2006033915A2 (fr) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-30 | Thomson Licensing | Procede et appareil de codage rapide de trame et de champ video |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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GUERRERO M A ET AL: "Fast Macroblock-Adaptive Frame/Field Coding Selection in H.264", INTERNET CITATION, 8 March 2005 (2005-03-08), XP002396280, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://scien.stanford.edu/2005projects/ee398/projects.htm> [retrieved on 20060823] * |
YANMEI QU ET AL: "A fast MBAFF mode prediction strategy for H.264/AVC", SIGNAL PROCESSING, 2004. PROCEEDINGS. ICSP '04. 2004 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEIJING, CHINA AUG. 31 - SEPT 4, 2004, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, 31 August 2004 (2004-08-31), pages 1195 - 1198, XP010810613, ISBN: 0-7803-8406-7 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101485207A (zh) | 2009-07-15 |
JP5148605B2 (ja) | 2013-02-20 |
US20090304079A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
FR2903271A1 (fr) | 2008-01-04 |
EP2036356A1 (fr) | 2009-03-18 |
US8428132B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 |
CN101485207B (zh) | 2013-01-30 |
JP2009542145A (ja) | 2009-11-26 |
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