WO2007140051A2 - Method for making oxygen-reducing catalyst layers - Google Patents

Method for making oxygen-reducing catalyst layers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007140051A2
WO2007140051A2 PCT/US2007/066247 US2007066247W WO2007140051A2 WO 2007140051 A2 WO2007140051 A2 WO 2007140051A2 US 2007066247 W US2007066247 W US 2007066247W WO 2007140051 A2 WO2007140051 A2 WO 2007140051A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carbon
transition metal
physical vapor
nitrogen
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2007/066247
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2007140051A3 (en
Inventor
Dennis P. O'brien
Alison K. Schmoeckel
George D. Vernstrom
Radoslav Atanasoski
Thomas E. Wood
David G. O'neill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Innovative Properties Co
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Co filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Co
Priority to JP2009506681A priority Critical patent/JP2009534177A/ja
Priority to EP07811838A priority patent/EP2011181A2/en
Publication of WO2007140051A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007140051A2/en
Publication of WO2007140051A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007140051A3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0664—Carbonitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
    • C23C14/562—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks for coating elongated substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/58—After-treatment
    • C23C14/5846—Reactive treatment
    • C23C14/586—Nitriding

Definitions

  • FIG. 11 is a graph of polarization curves for MEAs containing additional oxygen-reducing catalyst layers of the present invention.
  • suitable gases for the first processing environment include nitrogen-containing gases, oxygen, water vapor, hydrogen, argon, and combinations thereof.
  • gases for the first processing environment include nitrogen-containing gases, such as nitrogen, ammonia, nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds (e.g., pyridine, acetonitrile, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, and quinoline) and combinations thereof.
  • substrate 12 is then passed through the PVD system (step 22), thereby exposing substrate 12 to the first processing environment.
  • suitable materials for substrate 12 include nanostructured thin film substrates (e.g., substrates disclosed in Parsonage et al, U.S. Patent No. 5,338,430, and in Debe, U.S. Patent Nos.
  • hydrogen fuel H 2
  • MEA 58 may alternatively use other fuel sources, such as methanol, ethanol, formic acid, and reformed gases.
  • the fuel passes through gas diffusion layer 70 and over anode catalyst layer 68.
  • the fuel is separated into hydrogen ions (H + ) and electrons (e ).
  • Electrolyte membrane 66 only permits the hydrogen ions to pass through to reach catalyst layer 10 and gas diffusion layer 72.
  • the electrons generally cannot pass through electrolyte membrane 66.
  • the electrons flow through external electrical circuit 60 in the form of electric current. This current can power an electric load, such as an electric motor, or be directed to an energy storage device, such as a rechargeable battery.
  • the carbon powder was agitated during the sputtering by turning the particle agitator shaft at 10 RPM. After a total of 0.23 kWH was expended, the reaction was stopped and the chamber was backfilled with air and the sample was removed from the reactor. The target weight loss after this treatment was 0.95 grams.
  • the iron-treated film was placed in a fused silica boat and placed in a tube furnace for the thermal treatment.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
PCT/US2007/066247 2006-04-20 2007-04-09 Method for making oxygen-reducing catalyst layers Ceased WO2007140051A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009506681A JP2009534177A (ja) 2006-04-20 2007-04-09 酸素還元性触媒層の製造方法
EP07811838A EP2011181A2 (en) 2006-04-20 2007-04-09 Method for making oxygen-reducing catalyst layers

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/379,518 US7740902B2 (en) 2006-04-20 2006-04-20 Method for making oxygen-reducing catalyst layers
US11/379,518 2006-04-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007140051A2 true WO2007140051A2 (en) 2007-12-06
WO2007140051A3 WO2007140051A3 (en) 2008-03-20

Family

ID=38619788

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2007/066247 Ceased WO2007140051A2 (en) 2006-04-20 2007-04-09 Method for making oxygen-reducing catalyst layers

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7740902B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP2011181A2 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2009534177A (enExample)
CN (1) CN101427405A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2007140051A2 (enExample)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9379388B2 (en) 2008-08-21 2016-06-28 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells

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US20100048380A1 (en) * 2008-08-21 2010-02-25 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Novel catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells
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CN103003995B (zh) * 2010-07-15 2015-11-25 昭和电工株式会社 燃料电池用催化剂的制造方法、燃料电池用催化剂及其用途
JP2012221735A (ja) * 2011-04-08 2012-11-12 Kumamoto Univ 燃料電池用電極触媒
CN102386429B (zh) * 2011-10-24 2013-01-23 沈阳建筑大学 一种单室无膜微生物燃料电池的空气阴极催化剂层制作方法
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CN103736513B (zh) * 2014-01-03 2016-03-02 北京工业大学 一种TiO2(B)@g-C3N4复合纳米片光催化剂的制备方法
DE102021107865A1 (de) 2021-03-29 2022-09-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Bauteile aus einem keramischen Werkstoffverbund und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
CN116651437A (zh) * 2023-05-19 2023-08-29 北京邮电大学 一种制备杂原子修饰金属负载商业碳基材料方法
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9379388B2 (en) 2008-08-21 2016-06-28 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101427405A (zh) 2009-05-06
US7740902B2 (en) 2010-06-22
WO2007140051A3 (en) 2008-03-20
JP2009534177A (ja) 2009-09-24
EP2011181A2 (en) 2009-01-07
US20070248752A1 (en) 2007-10-25

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