WO2007137592A1 - Vibro-pressed micro-concrete in synthetic formwork in panels-sheets-moulded sections - Google Patents

Vibro-pressed micro-concrete in synthetic formwork in panels-sheets-moulded sections Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007137592A1
WO2007137592A1 PCT/EC2006/000002 EC2006000002W WO2007137592A1 WO 2007137592 A1 WO2007137592 A1 WO 2007137592A1 EC 2006000002 W EC2006000002 W EC 2006000002W WO 2007137592 A1 WO2007137592 A1 WO 2007137592A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vibro
concrete
formwork
micro
synthetic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EC2006/000002
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alberto Arturo BRICEÑO MATUTE
Original Assignee
Briceno Matute Alberto Arturo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Briceno Matute Alberto Arturo filed Critical Briceno Matute Alberto Arturo
Priority to PCT/EC2006/000002 priority Critical patent/WO2007137592A1/en
Publication of WO2007137592A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007137592A1/en
Priority to EC2008008920A priority patent/ECSP088920A/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to alternatives in the construction, considering the ease and versatility of the different forms that can be obtained with the vibro micro concrete pressed in latex formwork, such as membranes or sheets, panels and varied forms of construction elements that require any building, with low cost, ease of installation and reduction of execution times.
  • the proposed construction system based on panels, sheets and shapes, generates a reduction in the dead load of the structural design of a building and decreases the request for floor support in any building.
  • the proposed invention is the result of research on a stable and economical construction system, with the aim of having another construction alternative since traditional construction processes whose experiences applied to the different works carried out, have resulted in a high cost or excessive dead load on the support structure and, high request of the foundation floor.
  • Polyurethane with external laminated steel membranes Polystyrene expanded with micro concrete and fiberglass reinforcement (GRS system)
  • Expanded styrene poly with plaster coating and plastic mesh as reinforcement are also possible.
  • Document ES 2 209 669 refers to a system based on the use of prefabricated panels integrated by an expanded polystyrene core to which a resin is applied, which constitutes a resistant, layer that prevents the use of structures. reinforcement frames.
  • the resin constitutes the exposed face, for this reason it becomes an element susceptible to deterioration by the action of external physical agents such as exposure to the sun or water, a problem that is solved by the present invention.
  • PCT document WO98 / 44213 describes a roof panel produced with insulating materials that incorporate metal profiles that reinforce the panel and that would serve to provide rigidity to it, in addition to which document does not solve the problem of the construction of partitions or walls, it presents low resistance in areas where it has no reinforcements.
  • a characteristic panel is protected that serves to integrate the structure of buildings, comprised of a structure in the form of a frame and horizontal and vertical crossbars joined by nails between which the polystyrene is located, all this being reinforced by means of a metal or plastic mesh to successively add a cement clad (micro concrete or projected mortar).
  • US 5 765 330 relates to a prefabricated panel composed of a wooden frame composed of stringers and vertical uprights with rectangular cavities filled with polyurethane and polystyrene.
  • Document ES 2 188 303 refers to a process for the manufacture of an insulating panel for façades and enclosures covered by cold-profiled metal sheets, provided in its interior loads with an adhesive to hold the internal polystyrene membrane, then pressed and cut to the desired extent.
  • ES 2 188 303 does not provide versatility in the design of the finishes of a building, in addition there is an imminent risk of oxidation in wet areas and an increase in the final cost by requiring interior and exterior finishes, aspects overcome by the present invention.
  • the present construction system guarantees low weight (around 58 Kg / m 2 ), easy installation, great stability over time due to its impermeability guaranteed by the high density of the micro concrete, avoiding the annoying efflorescence on walls and elements built with coated mortars or projected.
  • the panels provide easy installation for your tongue and groove system, reducing installation and acquisition costs.
  • the sheets or membranes, as well as the forms require minimum installation times because they are elements that only need to be cut as if it were a wooden sheet but with a disc (grinder), then welded into their iron piece (pieces of iron cast in the sheets, and shapes) of which are provided or secured by a concrete adhesive.
  • the vibro-pressed micro concrete in synthetic formwork is the result of a process of elaboration and optimization of the aggregate of aggregates in high density conditions, provided by its particle size, the mechanical action incorporated into the mixture, complemented by a forced water ratio - cement and, the use of synthetic forms to obtain surfaces with textures and finishes provided, substantially reduces the formwork times, obtaining minimum thicknesses in the construction elements and maintaining properties such as high mechanical resistance, stability over time and impermeability.
  • the relieved panels are made with two thin sheets of vibro-pressed micro-concrete with mesh and synthetic fiber to eliminate the effects of setting contraction, with a thermo-acoustic central body that will basically consist of a sheet of poly styrene, or product of the recycling of waste elements of the same material, joined by a binder, and optionally one or two electro-welded meshes to provide greater security to the panel, not requiring a support structure.
  • the presentation of the panel is conditioned to the height required in the work from 1.00 by 1.00 meters to 1.00 by 2.00 meters, its assembly is carried out between sheets by a tongue and groove provided at its edges to which it is supplied an adhesive that is strong enough to permanently immobilize this coupling so that the assembly is easy and efficient and without the presence of cracks per joint.
  • the panels obtained with this micro concrete are formed by an expanded polystyrene plate of 15 Kg./m3 of variable thickness between 25 to 50mm. Ie provides the thermo acoustic properties, provided with perpendicular grooves to each other, to accommodate micro concrete in them (see drawing 3).
  • This plate in turn is wrapped with two faces of 10 to 15 mm. each one of them, reinforced by a steel mesh with a diameter of not more than 2 mm and with a pitch of not less than 1 mm as a contraction steel and in its perimeter which is that of union with other panels or with the support structure, the same micro concrete in the form of a tongue and groove to facilitate assembly between them, until forming an entire wall (see drawing 1).
  • one or two electro-welded meshes will be housed, in the slots supplied to the polystyrene sheet on each of its sides (see drawing 1 ), and that generate greater rigidity to the panel under normal conditions, being embedded in a mixture without presenting wall effects that would be negative to the stability of the exposed iron.
  • the polystyrene layer also called accommodation, facilitates the placement of construction pieces such as electrical, sanitary and any other type of installation, as long as one of the dimensions does not exceed 5.00 cm, which is the thickness of the membrane (see drawing 3).
  • Foils or membranes optimal for spatial facades, porches of the most capricious forms, firewalls, counters and other applications, with thicknesses between 10 and 15 mm, with a metal mesh embedded to avoid contraction effects, which depending on the thickness will be additionally accompanied by a 50 x 50 mm square mesh with 2 mm diameter wire, which will absorb small efforts that this element requires on site, 1000 x 1000 mm sizes will be available. at 1000 x 1500 mm., the shape of the membranes may be flat, concave (dome), vaulted, with the most convenient or most frequently used radii of curvature, these membranes will have strategic iron short distances greater than 4 mm at strategic distances , to weld the sheet to a support structure.
  • the vibro-pressed micro-concrete in synthetic formwork used in the manufacture of infinity of elements, is on the guidelines specified for a normal concrete, since its physical and mechanical characteristics easily exceed the specific strengths and weights of the common elements of a Traditional system construction.
  • All the materials used in the manufacture of the elements of the vibro-pressed micro-concrete in synthetic formwork have inert characteristics, in a natural state, with aggregate cleaning control and quality control of each of the materials used in its manufacture.
  • the equipment used in the process of manufacturing the vibro-pressed micro-concrete in synthetic formwork is basically the existing one in the market with adaptations, modifications and even with the total transformation of its elements and functions, with specific characteristics achieved for the different phases of elaboration; This is how:
  • aggregates In order to guarantee the stability of the entire construction system, aggregates must have the best stability characteristics, such as hardness and resistance to abrasion, they will preferably be (with their predominant mineral components in quartz) free of materials such as muscovite that reacts with the cement in a negative way, being also preferably obtained from the crushing process.
  • Granulometry The granulometry will be determined from the design obtained from the density tests carried out with the passing materials, the # 4 sieve that will be called coarse, the # 8 that will be called media, and # 40 including the fines that reach the bottom that will be called fine, and that are located in the triangle of FÉRET (see drawing 4), obtaining the area of greatest density, which will provide us with the content of each of these materials in our mixture.
  • the 3/8 "sieve can be used to obtain shapes, the thickness of which exceeds 20 mm.
  • cement weight The result of this operation (cement weight) must replace the same proportion of fine aggregates (through sieve # 40) of the percentage obtained according to the density triangle of FÉRET, which is not normally considered as part of the FAURY mixture, since This author works with clean aggregates to determine the percentage of voids.
  • additives and synthetic fiber or nylon will be provided by replacing water or fines respectively, in the same proportion of manufacturer specification or requirement of the element to be manufactured.
  • the mixing process will be carried out in a mixer whose shaft will rotate at approximately 500 revolutions per minute with a spiral blade system, so that it raises the bottom material, and rotates no less than 10 revolutions per minute around of the mixing pot, until homogeneity is obtained.
  • Formwork Prior to the placement of the mixture, all molds, forms or formwork must be ready, whose walls that will come into contact with said mixture will be covered with a synthetic rubber membrane (which can be latex) not less than 3 mm thick, whose texture can be smooth, rough or any other shape which will determine the appearance of the formwork surface.
  • the membrane will be sufficiently resistant to the stress of the pressed vibro, as well as to the weight of the lodged material.
  • thermo-acoustic reinforcements or parts will be arranged in each of the parts, which in the case of the panels will be as follows:
  • thermo acoustic part polystyrene
  • an electro-welded mesh of the requested diameter 4 - 6 mm will be housed. on each side, regardless of the contraction mesh, which will generally be the metal mesh mesh with a diameter of no more than 2 mm. and step not less than 10 mm. and that will be embedded in the micro concrete on all its sides.
  • the reinforcement in the sheets apart from the contraction will be characterized by its dimensions and diameters, which are determined to withstand small solicitations, since its design is mainly aimed at replacing traditional systems or existing designs for spatial structures, this reinforcement will be embedded together with the contraction mesh and its wire diameter will not be greater than 2 mm., with a passage between wires arranged in a frame of 25 to 50 mm., since larger diameters are harmful to the sheets thin for not being left with the coating required to provide all its contribution in the tensile effort.
  • the present invention can be described graphically with the purpose of demonstrating by way of examples the construction processes of panel and determination of the area of maximum density using the triangle of FÉRET:
  • Drawing 1 This is a descriptive section of the elements that make up a panel with micro vibro concrete pressed, reinforcement meshes and poly styrene.
  • Drawing 2 Cross section of the elements that make up a panel with vibro pressed micro concrete, reinforcement meshes and poly styrene.
  • Drawing 3 Description of the groove system in a 150 x 150 mm grid. where the electro-welded mesh will be housed in the case of a reinforced panel or micro concrete in the case of a panel without reinforcement or interiors.
  • Drawing 4 FÉRET triangle in which the density curves are located in order to obtain the area of greatest density.

Abstract

This invention relates to the construction sector, based on the use of vibro-pressed micro-concrete in latex formwork, through the use of inerts which are preferably screened to a size of not more than 5 mm, achieving high density and great resistance to mechanical forces and to physical and chemical actions of the environment, which as a result of the turning-out system, the water-cement ratio and the vibro-pressing can provide any shape of final component, with a turn-out time of up to 180 minutes, which accelerates works output and mould optimization. Initially its use has been envisaged for the manufacture of thermal-acoustic panels provided with tenon joints for final assembly, thin sheets of between 10 mm and 30 mm, although sheets of up to 7 mm can be obtained without the risk of cracking, and very diverse shapes required in building such as cornices, mouldings, fire walls, columns, and lintels, among others.

Description

"MICRO-HORMIGÓN VIBRO-PRENSADO EN ENCOFRADO SINTÉTICO EN "VIBRO-PRESSED MICRO-CONCRETE IN SYNTHETIC FORMWORK IN
PANELES - LAMINAS - FORMAS"PANELS - SHEETS - FORMS "
Campo de Ia invención:Field of the invention:
La presente invención está relacionada con alternativas en Ia construcción, planteando Ia facilidad y versatilidad de las diferentes formas que se pueden obtener con el micro hormigón vibro prensado en encofrado de látex, como son membranas o láminas, paneles y formas variadas de elementos constructivos que requiere una edificación cualquiera, con bajo costo, facilidad de instalación y reducción de tiempos de ejecución.The present invention is related to alternatives in the construction, considering the ease and versatility of the different forms that can be obtained with the vibro micro concrete pressed in latex formwork, such as membranes or sheets, panels and varied forms of construction elements that require any building, with low cost, ease of installation and reduction of execution times.
El sistema constructivo propuesto, basado en paneles, láminas y formas, genera una reducción en Ia carga muerta del diseño estructural de un edificio y disminuye Ia solicitación de soporte de suelo en cualquier edificación.The proposed construction system, based on panels, sheets and shapes, generates a reduction in the dead load of the structural design of a building and decreases the request for floor support in any building.
Antecedentes de Ia invención:Background of the invention:
Ante Ia necesidad permanente de encontrar nuevos materiales, y sus variadas combinaciones, sistemas constructivos, etc. que permitan optimizar los existentes o encontrar otros nuevos, los profesionales de Ia construcción recurren a Ia enseñanza universitaria y a Ia transmisión de experiencias comunes que se convierten en normas que se generalizan a nivel local e internacional.Given the permanent need to find new materials, and their varied combinations, construction systems, etc. to optimize existing ones or find new ones, construction professionals resort to university education and the transmission of common experiences that become norms that are generalized at local and international level.
La invención propuesta es el resultado de Ia investigación sobre un sistema constructivo estable y económico, con el ánimo de disponer de otra alternativa de construcción ya que los procesos constructivos tradicionales cuyas experiencias aplicadas a las diferentes obras realizadas, han dejado como resultado un alto costo o excesiva carga muerta sobre Ia estructura de soporte y, alta solicitación del suelo de cimentación.The proposed invention is the result of research on a stable and economical construction system, with the aim of having another construction alternative since traditional construction processes whose experiences applied to the different works carried out, have resulted in a high cost or excessive dead load on the support structure and, high request of the foundation floor.
Con esta invención se pretende solucionar este vacío en Ia construcción de cualquier edificación, planteando Ia facilidad y versatilidad de las diferentes formas que se pueden obtener con el micro hormigón vibro prensado en encofrado sintético, como son paneles laminas y formas caracterizadas por diversos acabados como rugoso o liso proporcionado por el mencionado encofrado, obteniéndose los mas variados elementos constructivos que requiere una edificación cualquiera, con bajo costo, facilidad de instalación y reducción de tiempos de ejecución. Siendo así, se ha logrado desarrollar el diseño, elaboración y aplicación continua y efectiva del tipo de micro hormigón que satisface las expectativas de resistencia, estabilidad, densidad, impermeabilidad, economía, instalación y más bondades de los hormigones.With this invention it is intended to solve this vacuum in the construction of any building, raising the ease and versatility of the different shapes that can be obtained with the vibro micro concrete pressed in synthetic formwork, such as laminated panels and shapes characterized by various finishes such as rough or smooth provided by the mentioned formwork, obtaining the most varied construction elements that any building requires, with low cost, ease of installation and reduction of execution times. Thus, it has been possible to develop the design, development and continuous and effective application of the type of micro concrete that meets the expectations of resistance, stability, density, impermeability, economy, installation and more benefits of concrete.
La aplicación de tales características en el ámbito de Ia construcción con elementos como: paredes, fachadas flotantes, dinteles, mesones, molduras, cubiertas, columnas, elementos decorativos, y más, han demostrado que las características logradas por esta invención son de tal magnitud que facilitarán Ia eficiencia de los sistemas de construcción.The application of such characteristics in the field of construction with elements such as: walls, floating facades, lintels, inns, moldings, roofs, columns, decorative elements, and more, have shown that the characteristics achieved by this invention are of such magnitude that facilitate the efficiency of construction systems.
Actualmente se dispone de alternativas muy variadas para la construcción de paneles y demás elementos constructivos, los cuales por su costo y técnica, dificultan el acceso para los países en vías de desarrollo, imposibilitando una aplicación masiva en Ia construcción de edificaciones o viviendas baratas, que además tengan estabilidad y buenos acabados.Currently, there are very varied alternatives for the construction of panels and other construction elements, which due to their cost and technique, make access difficult for developing countries, making it impossible for a massive application in the construction of buildings or cheap housing, which also have stability and good finishes.
Es así que se conoce de alternativas como:It is so known of alternatives such as:
Poliuretano con membranas externas de acero laminado. Poli estireno expandido con micro hormigón y refuerzo de fibra de vidrio (sistema GRS)Polyurethane with external laminated steel membranes. Polystyrene expanded with micro concrete and fiberglass reinforcement (GRS system)
Hormigón polímero formado por áridos y resinas de poliésterPolymer concrete formed by aggregates and polyester resins
Poli estireno expandido con revestimiento de yeso y malla plástica como refuerzo.Expanded styrene poly with plaster coating and plastic mesh as reinforcement.
Poli estireno mas malla de refuerzo y mortero proyectado.Styrene poly plus reinforcement mesh and projected mortar.
Hormigón celular mas mortero proyectado.Cellular concrete plus mortar projected.
Paneles de hormigón prefabricado.Precast concrete panels.
En fin, una variada gama de diseños y formas constructivas que dependiendo de Ia accesibilidad y costo de las materias primas y del poder adquisitivo del beneficiario, se han adoptado como soluciones prácticas en cada una de las regiones implementadas.Finally, a wide range of designs and constructive forms that, depending on the accessibility and cost of raw materials and the purchasing power of the beneficiary, have been adopted as practical solutions in each of the implemented regions.
Dentro del estado de Ia técnica es posible encontrar paneles de poliestireno expandido, que están fijados a paredes y que tienen Ia función principal de ser aislantes térmicos.Within the state of the art it is possible to find expanded polystyrene panels, which are fixed to walls and have the main function of being thermal insulators.
El documento ES 2 209 669 hace referencia a un sistema basado en Ia utilización de paneles prefabricados integrados por un núcleo de poliestireno expandido al que se Ie aplica una resina, que -constituye una..capa, resistente que evita Ia utilización de estructuras.o armazones de refuerzo. En este panel Ia resina constituye Ia cara vista, por esta razón se convierte en un elemento susceptible de deterioro por Ia acción de agentes físicos exteriores como por ejemplo Ia exposición al sol o agua, problema que es solucionado por Ia presente invención.Document ES 2 209 669 refers to a system based on the use of prefabricated panels integrated by an expanded polystyrene core to which a resin is applied, which constitutes a resistant, layer that prevents the use of structures. reinforcement frames. In this panel the resin constitutes the exposed face, for this reason it becomes an element susceptible to deterioration by the action of external physical agents such as exposure to the sun or water, a problem that is solved by the present invention.
El documento PCT WO98/44213 describe un panel para techos producido con materiales aislantes que incorporan perfiles metálicos que refuerzan el panel y que servirían para suministrar rigidez al mismo, además de que documento no soluciona el problema de Ia construcción de tabiques o muros, presenta baja resistencia en las áreas donde no tiene refuerzos.The PCT document WO98 / 44213 describes a roof panel produced with insulating materials that incorporate metal profiles that reinforce the panel and that would serve to provide rigidity to it, in addition to which document does not solve the problem of the construction of partitions or walls, it presents low resistance in areas where it has no reinforcements.
En Ia patente US 4 019 297 se protege un panel característico que sirve para integrar Ia estructura de edificios, comprendido de una estructura en forma de marco y travesanos horizontales y verticales unidos por clavos entre los que se ubica el poliestireno, todo esto reforzándose por medio de una malla de metal o plástico para sucesivamente adicionar un revestido de cemento (micro hormigón o mortero proyectado).In the patent US 4 019 297 a characteristic panel is protected that serves to integrate the structure of buildings, comprised of a structure in the form of a frame and horizontal and vertical crossbars joined by nails between which the polystyrene is located, all this being reinforced by means of a metal or plastic mesh to successively add a cement clad (micro concrete or projected mortar).
US 4 019 297 y PCT WO98/44213 generan altos costos de ejecución de obra por el hecho realizar trabajos adicionales no contemplados en Ia presente invención como armar los paneles autoportantes, revestimiento de las caras por micro hormigón proyectado o adición de mortero y por último su alisado previo al tratamiento de pintura.US 4 019 297 and PCT WO98 / 44213 generate high construction costs due to the fact of carrying out additional work not contemplated in the present invention such as assembling the self-supporting panels, coating the faces by projected micro concrete or adding mortar and finally their smoothing prior to the paint treatment.
La patente US 5 765 330 se relaciona con un panel prefabricado compuesto por un armazón de madera integrado por largueros y montantes verticales con cavidades rectangulares rellenadas por poliuretano y poliestireno.US 5 765 330 relates to a prefabricated panel composed of a wooden frame composed of stringers and vertical uprights with rectangular cavities filled with polyurethane and polystyrene.
Este documento no puede tener gran aplicación en zonas húmedas o tropicales por Ia gran incidencia de agentes microbiológicos que acelerarían su deterioro, además se debe considerar que el costo de Ia madera incrementaría sustancialmente el valor final de Ia edificación.This document cannot have a great application in humid or tropical areas due to the high incidence of microbiological agents that would accelerate its deterioration, in addition it should be considered that the cost of wood would substantially increase the final value of the building.
El documento ES 2 188 303 se refiere a un procedimiento para Ia fabricación de un panel aislante para cubiertas fachadas y cerramientos constituido por unas chapas metálicas perfiladas en frío, suministrado en su cargas interiores un adhesivo para sujetar Ia membrana interna de poliestireno, luego prensada y cortada en Ia medida deseada. ES 2 188 303 no presta versatilidad en el diseño de los acabados de una edificación, además existe un riesgo inminente de oxidación en áreas húmedas y un encarecimiento del costo final al requerir acabados interiores y exteriores, aspectos superados por Ia presente invención.Document ES 2 188 303 refers to a process for the manufacture of an insulating panel for façades and enclosures covered by cold-profiled metal sheets, provided in its interior loads with an adhesive to hold the internal polystyrene membrane, then pressed and cut to the desired extent. ES 2 188 303 does not provide versatility in the design of the finishes of a building, in addition there is an imminent risk of oxidation in wet areas and an increase in the final cost by requiring interior and exterior finishes, aspects overcome by the present invention.
Descripción de Ia invenciónDescription of the invention
En una construcción existen problemas de toda índole como son: cargas exageradas proporcionadas por elementos que no soportan esfuerzos estructurales (paredes, mesones, elementos decorativos), altas solicitaciones de los suelos, costos y tiempos de ejecución elevados.In a construction there are problems of all kinds such as: exaggerated loads provided by elements that do not support structural stresses (walls, countertops, decorative elements), high soil demands, high costs and execution times.
Existen pesos aproximados que podríamos ejemplificarlos:There are approximate weights that we could exemplify:
- Peso aproximado de mampostería de ladrillo mambrón 172 Kg./m2- Approximate weight of masonry brick masonry 172 Kg./m2
- Peso aproximado de mampostería de ladrillo mambrón de filo 122 Kg./m2- Approximate masonry brick masonry weight 122 Kg./m2
- Peso aproximado de mampostería de ladrillo mediano 111 Kg./m2- Approximate weight of medium brick masonry 111 Kg./m2
- Peso aproximado de mampostería de ladrillo estructural 101 Kg Jm2- Approximate weight of structural brick masonry 101 Kg Jm2
- Peso aproximado de mampostería de ladrillo decorativo 92 Kg./m2- Approximate weight of decorative brick masonry 92 Kg./m2
- Peso aproximado de mampostería de bloque alivianado e =10 cm. 78 Kg./m2- Approximate weight of relieved block masonry e = 10 cm. 78 Kg./m2
A estas cargas se deberá añadir Ia generada por su revestimiento y acabado, que salvo el del ladrillo decorativo requieren de protección en sus dos caras expuestas.To these charges, the one generated by its coating and finish must be added, which, except for that of the decorative brick, requires protection on both of its exposed faces.
En el transcurso de su vida útil, los revestimientos finales generalmente por su alta porosidad, permiten infiltraciones de agua que al combinarse con sales existentes en las arenas o las que contiene el mismo cemento se transforman en sulfatas totalmente perjudiciales para Ia estabilidad de los revestimientos y algunos hormigones, provocando su deterioro y mala presencia tanto en fachadas exteriores como en interiores.In the course of its useful life, the final coatings generally due to their high porosity, allow water infiltrations that, when combined with salts existing in the sands or those containing the same cement, are transformed into sulfates that are totally detrimental to the stability of the coatings and some concrete, causing its deterioration and bad presence in both exterior and interior facades.
En Io referente a los paneles existentes en el mercado presentan mayores costos de puesta en obra por el requerimiento de acabados finales o de baja estabilidad física por el transcurso del tiempo.Regarding the existing panels in the market, they present higher costs of commissioning due to the requirement of final finishes or low physical stability over time.
El presente sistema constructivo garantiza bajo peso (alrededor de 58 Kg/m2), fácil instalación, gran estabilidad en el tiempo por su impermeabilidad garantizada por Ia alta densidad del micro hormigón, evitando las molestosas eflorescencias en paredes y elementos construidos con morteros revestidos o proyectados. Una solución constructiva utilizando materiales existentes de mucha abundancia en cualquier país del mundo, mas una membrana de poli estireno que es muy estable, bajo peso, y que su producción es relativamente fácil con mínimos efectos contaminantes, pero de altas propiedades termo acústicas.The present construction system guarantees low weight (around 58 Kg / m 2 ), easy installation, great stability over time due to its impermeability guaranteed by the high density of the micro concrete, avoiding the annoying efflorescence on walls and elements built with coated mortars or projected. A constructive solution using existing materials of great abundance in any country in the world, plus a polystyrene membrane that is very stable, low weight, and that its production is relatively easy with minimal contaminating effects, but with high thermo acoustic properties.
Su acabado final en obra básicamente consiste de un resanado de juntas y un mínimo de tratamiento general por Ia prestación casi lisa de sus caras, o de ningún acabado que no sea su pintura cuando Ia superficie final tiene textura rugosa.Its final finish in work basically consists of a resanado of joints and a minimum of general treatment for the almost smooth provision of their faces, or of any finish other than their paint when the final surface has a rough texture.
Con el uso de los paneles, laminas y formas de micro hormigón en encofrado sintético, las cargas de diseño tanto en Ia estructura superior como en Ia de cimentación, se reducirían de manera sustancial por Ia gran diferencia entre los pesos por metro cuadrado.With the use of panels, sheets and forms of micro concrete in synthetic formwork, the design loads in both the upper structure and the foundation structure would be substantially reduced by the large difference between the weights per square meter.
Los paneles proporcionan una fácil instalación por su sistema de machihembre, reduciendo costos en su instalación y adquisición. Las láminas o membranas, así como las formas requieren tiempos mínimos de instalación por ser elementos que solo requieren ser cortados como si fuera una lámina de madera pero con disco (amoladora), luego soldados en sus pieza de hierro (pedazos de hierro fundidos en las láminas, y formas) de las que vienen provistos o sujetadas mediante un adhesivo de hormigón.The panels provide easy installation for your tongue and groove system, reducing installation and acquisition costs. The sheets or membranes, as well as the forms require minimum installation times because they are elements that only need to be cut as if it were a wooden sheet but with a disc (grinder), then welded into their iron piece (pieces of iron cast in the sheets, and shapes) of which are provided or secured by a concrete adhesive.
El peligro de eflorescencias se elimina completamente por Ia elevada impermeabilidad obtenida por Ia alta densidad proporcionada y Ia limpieza del material del que están construidos, presentando una mejor imagen durante toda su vida útil.The danger of efflorescence is completely eliminated by the high impermeability obtained by the high density provided and the cleaning of the material from which they are constructed, presenting a better image throughout its useful life.
El micro hormigón vibro-prensado en encofrado sintético, es el resultado de un proceso de elaboración y optimización de Ia combinación de áridos en condiciones de alta densidad, proporcionada por su granulometría, Ia acción mecánica incorporada a Ia mezcla, complementada con una forzada relación agua - cemento y, Ia utilización de formaletas sintéticas para Ia obtención de superficies con texturas y acabados previstos, reduce sustancialmente los tiempos de encofrado, obteniendo espesores mínimos en los elementos constructivos y manteniendo propiedades como alta resistencia mecánica, estabilidad al paso del tiempo e impermeabilidad.The vibro-pressed micro concrete in synthetic formwork is the result of a process of elaboration and optimization of the aggregate of aggregates in high density conditions, provided by its particle size, the mechanical action incorporated into the mixture, complemented by a forced water ratio - cement and, the use of synthetic forms to obtain surfaces with textures and finishes provided, substantially reduces the formwork times, obtaining minimum thicknesses in the construction elements and maintaining properties such as high mechanical resistance, stability over time and impermeability.
Los paneles alivianados son elaborado con dos láminas delgadas de micro-hormigón vibro- prensado con malla y fibra sintética para eliminar los efectos de contracción de fraguado, con un cuerpo central termo acústico que consistirá básicamente de una lámina de poli estireno, o producto del reciclado de elementos de desecho del mismo material, unidas mediante un aglomerante, y opcionalmente una o dos mallas electro soldadas para dotar de mayor seguridad al panel, al no requerir de estructura de soporte.The relieved panels are made with two thin sheets of vibro-pressed micro-concrete with mesh and synthetic fiber to eliminate the effects of setting contraction, with a thermo-acoustic central body that will basically consist of a sheet of poly styrene, or product of the recycling of waste elements of the same material, joined by a binder, and optionally one or two electro-welded meshes to provide greater security to the panel, not requiring a support structure.
La presentación del panel está condicionada a Ia altura requerida en Ia obra desde 1,00 por 1,00 metros hasta 1,00 por 2,00 metros, su ensamble se Io realiza entre láminas por un machihembre provista en sus bordes al que se suministra un adhesivo Io suficientemente resistente como para inmovilizar de manera permanente este acople de manera que el ensamblaje sea fácil y eficiente y sin presencia posterior de fisuramientos por junta.The presentation of the panel is conditioned to the height required in the work from 1.00 by 1.00 meters to 1.00 by 2.00 meters, its assembly is carried out between sheets by a tongue and groove provided at its edges to which it is supplied an adhesive that is strong enough to permanently immobilize this coupling so that the assembly is easy and efficient and without the presence of cracks per joint.
- Paneles- Panels
Los paneles obtenidos con este micro hormigón, están formados por una placa de poliestireno expandido de 15 Kg./m3 de espesor variable entre 25 a 50mm. que Ie proporciona las propiedades termo acústicas, provista de ranuras perpendiculares entre si, para alojar en ellas micro hormigón (ver dibujo 3). Esta placa a su vez esta envuelta con dos caras de 10 a 15 mm. de espesor cada una, reforzadas por una malla de acero de diámetro no mayor a 2 mm y con paso no menor a 1 mm como acero de contracción y en su perímetro que es el de unión con otros paneles o con Ia estructura de soporte, el mismo micro hormigón en forma de machihembre para facilitar el ensamblaje entre ellos, hasta conformar toda una pared (ver dibujo 1).The panels obtained with this micro concrete, are formed by an expanded polystyrene plate of 15 Kg./m3 of variable thickness between 25 to 50mm. Ie provides the thermo acoustic properties, provided with perpendicular grooves to each other, to accommodate micro concrete in them (see drawing 3). This plate in turn is wrapped with two faces of 10 to 15 mm. each one of them, reinforced by a steel mesh with a diameter of not more than 2 mm and with a pitch of not less than 1 mm as a contraction steel and in its perimeter which is that of union with other panels or with the support structure, the same micro concrete in the form of a tongue and groove to facilitate assembly between them, until forming an entire wall (see drawing 1).
Como opción en Ia construcción de estos paneles, y para brindar seguridad al sector donde se ubicarán los mismos, se alojará una o dos mallas electro soldadas, en las ranuras suministradas a Ia lámina de poli estireno en cada uno de sus lados (ver dibujo 1), y que generan mayor rigidez al panel en condiciones normales, quedando embebida en mezcla sin presentar efectos de pared que resultarían negativos a Ia estabilidad del hierro expuesto.As an option in the construction of these panels, and to provide security to the sector where they will be located, one or two electro-welded meshes will be housed, in the slots supplied to the polystyrene sheet on each of its sides (see drawing 1 ), and that generate greater rigidity to the panel under normal conditions, being embedded in a mixture without presenting wall effects that would be negative to the stability of the exposed iron.
La capa de poli estireno denominada también de alojamiento, facilita Ia colocación de piezas constructivas como instalaciones eléctricas, sanitarias y de cualquier índole, siempre y cuando una de las dimensiones no sobrepase de 5,00 cm que es el espesor de Ia membrana (ver dibujo 3).The polystyrene layer, also called accommodation, facilitates the placement of construction pieces such as electrical, sanitary and any other type of installation, as long as one of the dimensions does not exceed 5.00 cm, which is the thickness of the membrane (see drawing 3).
- Láminas o membranas- Sheets or membranes
Láminas o membranas, óptimas para fachadas espaciales, pórticos de las mas caprichosas formas, cortafuegos, mesones y otras aplicaciones, con espesores entre 10 y 15 mm, con una malla metálica embebida para, evitar los efectos de contracción, Ia que dependiendo del espesor estará acompañada adicionalmente de una malla cuadrada de 50 x 50 mm con alambre de 2 mm de diámetro, que absorberá pequeños esfuerzos que requiera este elemento en obra, se dispondrá tamaños de 1000 x 1000 mm. a 1000 x 1500 mm., Ia forma de las membranas podrá ser plana, cóncava (cúpula), abovedada, con los radios de curvatura mas convenientes o de uso más frecuente, estas membranas dispondrán a distancias estratégicas tramos cortos de hierro mayor a 4 mm, para soldar Ia lámina a una estructura de soporte.Foils or membranes, optimal for spatial facades, porches of the most capricious forms, firewalls, counters and other applications, with thicknesses between 10 and 15 mm, with a metal mesh embedded to avoid contraction effects, which depending on the thickness will be additionally accompanied by a 50 x 50 mm square mesh with 2 mm diameter wire, which will absorb small efforts that this element requires on site, 1000 x 1000 mm sizes will be available. at 1000 x 1500 mm., the shape of the membranes may be flat, concave (dome), vaulted, with the most convenient or most frequently used radii of curvature, these membranes will have strategic iron short distances greater than 4 mm at strategic distances , to weld the sheet to a support structure.
- Formas- Shapes
Las más variadas, entre ellas, dinteles, cornisas, molduras, marcos de ventanas, columnas que para alivianar también mantendrán embebida aparte de Ia malla metálica de diámetro no mayor a 2 mm. y paso no menor a 10 mm. y en su parte más robusta una lámina de poli estireno expandido. Para su instalación en obra se requerirá de un adhesivo y del apoyo de tornillos o binchas soldadas para garantizar su estabilidad.The most varied, among them, lintels, cornices, moldings, window frames, columns that to relieve will also keep embedded apart from the metal mesh with a diameter of no more than 2 mm. and step not less than 10 mm. and in its most robust part an expanded polystyrene sheet. For its installation on site, an adhesive and the support of welded screws or binches will be required to guarantee its stability.
Característicasfeatures
El micro-hormigón vibro-prensado en encofrado sintético, utilizado en Ia fabricación de infinidad de elementos, está sobre los lineamientos especificados para un hormigón normal, ya que sus características físicas y mecánicas sobrepasan fácilmente las resistencias y pesos específicos de los elementos comunes de una construcción del sistema tradicional.The vibro-pressed micro-concrete in synthetic formwork, used in the manufacture of infinity of elements, is on the guidelines specified for a normal concrete, since its physical and mechanical characteristics easily exceed the specific strengths and weights of the common elements of a Traditional system construction.
Peso específico: 2.300 - 2.450 Kg ./m3Specific gravity: 2,300 - 2,450 Kg ./m3
Resistencia a Ia compresión 400 - 450 Kg./cm2Compressive strength 400 - 450 Kg./cm2
Resistencia a Ia flexión 85 - 90 Kg./cm2Flexural strength 85 - 90 Kg./cm2
ComponentesComponents
Todos los materiales utilizados en Ia fabricación de los elementos del micro-hormigón vibro- prensado en encofrado sintético tienen características inertes, en estado natural, con control de limpieza de áridos y control de calidad de cada uno de los materiales utilizados en su fabricación.All the materials used in the manufacture of the elements of the vibro-pressed micro-concrete in synthetic formwork have inert characteristics, in a natural state, with aggregate cleaning control and quality control of each of the materials used in its manufacture.
• Agua.- Exenta de partículas de arcilla, aceite, básicamente limpia.• Water.- Free of clay particles, oil, basically clean.
• Arena.- Utilizada en Ia elaboración del mortero con granulometría variada de dimensiones comprendidas entre 0 y 5 mm. • Cemento.- Material existente en el mercado especialmente el tipo I.• Sand.- Used in the elaboration of the mortar with varied granulometry of dimensions between 0 and 5 mm. • Cement.- Existing material in the market, especially type I.
• Aditivos para hormigones.- Los existentes en el mercado y los desarrollados para este fin como plastificante, adhesivo entre hormigones viejos.• Additives for concrete. - Those existing in the market and those developed for this purpose as plasticizer, adhesive between old concrete.
• Fibra Sintética.- La que se encuentra en el mercado como reductor de fisuras de fraguado.• Synthetic Fiber.- The one that is on the market as a setting cracking reducer.
Equipos de fabricación:Manufacturing equipment:
El equipo utilizado en el proceso de elaboración del micro-hormigón vibro-prensado en encofrado sintético, básicamente es el existente en el mercado con adaptaciones, modificaciones e inclusive con Ia transformación total de sus elementos y funciones, con características específicas conseguidas para las diferentes fases de elaboración; así se dispone de:The equipment used in the process of manufacturing the vibro-pressed micro-concrete in synthetic formwork, is basically the existing one in the market with adaptations, modifications and even with the total transformation of its elements and functions, with specific characteristics achieved for the different phases of elaboration; This is how:
• Balanza electrónica• Electronic scale
• Batidora mecánica helicoidal• Helical mechanical mixer
• Soportes,• Stands,
• Formaletas,• Formwork,
• Desencofrantes,• Release agents,
• Vibro compactadoras,• Vibro compactors,
• Rasanteadoras vibratorias,• Vibrating rasanteadoras,
• Rodillos vibratorios,• Vibrating rollers,
• Pulidora vibratoria,• Vibrating polisher,
• vibradores de punto, tableros, sujetadores, tensores, etc.• knitted vibrators, boards, fasteners, tensioners, etc.
Pasos constructivos.-Construction Steps.-
• Selección y provisión de materiales.• Selection and provision of materials.
• Granulometría• Granulometry
• Determinación del contenido de arcillas y limos• Determination of the content of clays and silts
• Determinación de grados de humedad• Determination of humidity levels
• Corrección de granulometría• Granulometry correction
• Adición de cemento, aditivos, fibra sintética• Addition of cement, additives, synthetic fiber
• Mezclado• Mixed
• Adición de agua • Encofrado• Adding water • Formwork
• Ubicación de refuerzos• Reinforcement location
• Fundición de elementos• Casting of elements
• Proceso de vibro - prensado• Vibro process - pressing
• Desencofrado• decoupling
• Curado• Cured
• Almacenamiento• Storage
1. Selección y provisión de materiales: Con el ánimo de garantizar Ia estabilidad de todo el sistema constructivo, los áridos deberán presentar las mejores características de estabilidad, como dureza y resistencia a Ia abrasión, serán preferentemente (con sus componentes minerales predominantes en cuarzo) libres de materiales como Ia moscovita que reacciona con el cemento de manera negativa, siendo además obtenidos preferentemente del proceso de trituración.1. Selection and provision of materials: In order to guarantee the stability of the entire construction system, aggregates must have the best stability characteristics, such as hardness and resistance to abrasion, they will preferably be (with their predominant mineral components in quartz) free of materials such as muscovite that reacts with the cement in a negative way, being also preferably obtained from the crushing process.
2. Granulometría: La granulometría estará determinada del diseño obtenido de las pruebas de densidad realizadas con los materiales pasantes, el tamiz # 4 que se denominarán gruesos, del # 8 que se denominarán medios, y del # 40 incluidos los finos que llegan al fondo que se denominarán finos, y que se ubiquen en el triángulo de FÉRET (ver dibujo 4), obteniéndose el área de mayor densidad, Ia que nos proporcionará el contenido de cada uno de estos materiales en nuestra mezcla. Se puede utilizar materiales pasantes, el tamiz de 3/8" para obtener formas, cuyo espesor supera los 20 mm.2. Granulometry: The granulometry will be determined from the design obtained from the density tests carried out with the passing materials, the # 4 sieve that will be called coarse, the # 8 that will be called media, and # 40 including the fines that reach the bottom that will be called fine, and that are located in the triangle of FÉRET (see drawing 4), obtaining the area of greatest density, which will provide us with the content of each of these materials in our mixture. Through materials, the 3/8 "sieve can be used to obtain shapes, the thickness of which exceeds 20 mm.
3. Determinación del contenido de arcillas y limos: Mediante análisis conocidos de contenido las arcillas y limos serán determinadas, no pudiendo contener mas allá del 1% del total de los finos, ya que estos deberán ser producto de Ia misma trituración.3. Determination of the content of clays and silts: By means of known analyzes of content the clays and silts will be determined, not being able to contain more than 1% of the total fines, since these must be the product of the same crushing.
4. Determinación de contenido de humedad: El contenido de humedad de diseño será determinado por Ia relación agua - cemento, equivalente a Ia multiplicación del factor 0,40 a 0,45, por Ia cantidad de cemento; esto implica que el porcentaje de agua alcanzará aproximadamente un 11,25 % del total de los materiales que conforman Ia mezcla. 5. Corrección de granulometría: Con el diseño adoptado de las alternativas que proporciona el rango de densidades del triángulo de FEREET7 se procede generalmente a corregir las granulometrías que se obtienen del triturado de piedra en planta.4. Determination of moisture content: The design moisture content will be determined by the water - cement ratio, equivalent to the multiplication of the factor 0.40 to 0.45, by the amount of cement; This implies that the percentage of water will reach approximately 11.25% of the total materials that make up the mixture. 5. Granulometry correction: With the adopted design of the alternatives that the range of densities of the FEREET 7 triangle provides, it is generally necessary to correct the granulometries obtained from crushing stone in the plant.
6. Adición de cemento, aditivos, fibra sintética: La cantidad de cemento que se deberá agregar a Ia mezcla será el equivalente a Ia multiplicación del volumen de vacíos determinados según FAURY, por el peso específico del cemento 3.100 Kg./m3; el resultado de esta operación (peso del cemento) deberá reemplazar a igual proporción de áridos finos (pasante tamiz #40) del porcentaje obtenido según el triángulo de densidades de FÉRET, que normalmente no se consideran como parte de Ia mezcla de FAURY, ya que este autor trabaja con áridos limpios para determinar el porcentaje de vacíos.6. Addition of cement, additives, synthetic fiber: The amount of cement that should be added to the mixture will be equivalent to the multiplication of the volume of voids determined according to FAURY, by the specific weight of the cement 3,100 Kg./m 3 ; The result of this operation (cement weight) must replace the same proportion of fine aggregates (through sieve # 40) of the percentage obtained according to the density triangle of FÉRET, which is not normally considered as part of the FAURY mixture, since This author works with clean aggregates to determine the percentage of voids.
El uso de aditivos y de fibra sintética o de nylon, se proporcionarán reemplazando agua o los finos respectivamente, en Ia misma proporción de especificación de fabricante o de requerimiento del elemento a fabricar.The use of additives and synthetic fiber or nylon, will be provided by replacing water or fines respectively, in the same proportion of manufacturer specification or requirement of the element to be manufactured.
7. Mezclado: El proceso de mezclado se Io realizará en una batidora cuyo eje girará a 500 vueltas por minuto aproximadamente con sistema de aspas en espiral, de manera que eleve el material del fondo, y que gire no menos de 10 vueltas por minuto alrededor de Ia olla de mezclado, hasta obtener homogeneidad.7. Mixing: The mixing process will be carried out in a mixer whose shaft will rotate at approximately 500 revolutions per minute with a spiral blade system, so that it raises the bottom material, and rotates no less than 10 revolutions per minute around of the mixing pot, until homogeneity is obtained.
8. Adición de agua: La cantidad de agua y aditivo se suministrara a esta mezcla, obteniéndose como resultado una mezcla de características de "Tierra Húmeda" (FAURY) homogénea.8. Water addition: The amount of water and additive will be supplied to this mixture, resulting in a mixture of homogeneous "Wet Earth" (FAURY) characteristics.
9. Encofrado: Previamente a Ia colocación de Ia mezcla, se deberá tener listo todos los moldes, formaletas o encofrados, cuyas paredes que entrarán en contacto con dicha mezcla estarán recubiertas con una membrana de caucho sintético (que puede ser látex) no menor a 3 mm de espesor, cuya textura puede ser lisa, rugosa o cualquier otra forma Ia cual determinará Ia apariencia de la superficie del encofrado. La membrana será Io suficientemente resistente al esfuerzo del vibro prensado, como al del peso del material alojado.9. Formwork: Prior to the placement of the mixture, all molds, forms or formwork must be ready, whose walls that will come into contact with said mixture will be covered with a synthetic rubber membrane (which can be latex) not less than 3 mm thick, whose texture can be smooth, rough or any other shape which will determine the appearance of the formwork surface. The membrane will be sufficiently resistant to the stress of the pressed vibro, as well as to the weight of the lodged material.
10. Ubicación de refuerzos: Una vez que se ha ubicado el encofrado se dispondrán en cada una de las partes los refuerzos o partes termo acústicas, que en el caso de los paneles será de Ia siguiente manera:10. Location of reinforcements: Once the formwork has been located, the thermo-acoustic reinforcements or parts will be arranged in each of the parts, which in the case of the panels will be as follows:
- Pared súper reforzada: En los canales que mantendrá Ia parte termo acústica (poliestireno), se alojarán una malla electro soldada del diámetro solicitado 4 - 6 mm. en cada uno de los lados, indistintamente de Ia malla de contracción, que generalmente será Ia malla malla metálica de diámetro no mayor a 2 mm. y paso no menor a 10 mm. y que estará embebida en el micro hormigón en todos sus lados.- Super reinforced wall: In the channels that the thermo acoustic part (polystyrene) will maintain, an electro-welded mesh of the requested diameter 4 - 6 mm will be housed. on each side, regardless of the contraction mesh, which will generally be the metal mesh mesh with a diameter of no more than 2 mm. and step not less than 10 mm. and that will be embedded in the micro concrete on all its sides.
- Pared medianamente reforzada: solo dispondrá de una malla electro soldada en uno de sus lados, manteniendo siempre Ia malla malla metálica de diámetro no mayor a 2 mm. y paso no menor a 10 mm. en cada uno de los mismos.- Mediumly reinforced wall: only one electro-welded mesh will be available on one of its sides, always maintaining the metal mesh mesh with a diameter of no more than 2 mm. and step not less than 10 mm. in each of them.
- Pared sin refuerzo (Interiores): Todas sus caras dispondrán de Ia malla electro soldada como elemento de soporte de efectos de contracción.- Wall without reinforcement (Interiors): All its faces will have the electro-welded mesh as a support element for contraction effects.
- Láminas y membranas: El refuerzo en las láminas aparte del de contracción, se caracterizará por sus dimensiones y diámetros, los que se determinan para soportar pequeñas solicitaciones, ya que su diseño principalmente está dirigido a reemplazar los sistemas tradicionales o de diseños ya existentes para estructuras espaciales, este refuerzo estará embebido conjuntamente con Ia malla de contracción y su diámetro de alambre no será mayor a 2 mm., con un paso entre alambres dispuestos en cuadro de 25 a 50 mm., ya que diámetros mayores resultan perjudiciales a las láminas delgadas por no quedar con el recubrimiento requerido para proporcionar todo su aporte en el esfuerzo de tracción.- Sheets and membranes: The reinforcement in the sheets apart from the contraction, will be characterized by its dimensions and diameters, which are determined to withstand small solicitations, since its design is mainly aimed at replacing traditional systems or existing designs for spatial structures, this reinforcement will be embedded together with the contraction mesh and its wire diameter will not be greater than 2 mm., with a passage between wires arranged in a frame of 25 to 50 mm., since larger diameters are harmful to the sheets thin for not being left with the coating required to provide all its contribution in the tensile effort.
- Láminas de mayor espesor a 15 mm: los refuerzos en ninguno de los casos podrá ser mayor a 6 mm. 14. Almacenamiento: Todos los elementos que mantiene esbeltez deberán ser almacenados por su sección más corta mientras que los elementos cortos pueden ser apilados sin riesgo de rotura por esta actividad.- Blades of greater thickness to 15 mm: reinforcements in any case may be greater than 6 mm. 14. Storage: All the elements that keep slenderness should be stored by their shortest section while the short elements can be stacked without risk of breakage by this activity.
Descripción de los dibujosDescription of the drawings
La presente invención puede ser descrita gráficamente con el propósito de demostrar a manera de ejemplos los procesos constructivos de panel y determinación del área de máxima densidad utilizando el triangulo de FÉRET:The present invention can be described graphically with the purpose of demonstrating by way of examples the construction processes of panel and determination of the area of maximum density using the triangle of FÉRET:
Dibujo 1: se trata de un corte descriptivo de los elementos que componen un panel con micro hormigón vibro prensado, mallas de refuerzo y poli estireno.Drawing 1: This is a descriptive section of the elements that make up a panel with micro vibro concrete pressed, reinforcement meshes and poly styrene.
Dibujo 2: Corte transversal de los elementos que componen un panel con micro hormigón vibro prensado, mallas de refuerzo y poli estireno.Drawing 2: Cross section of the elements that make up a panel with vibro pressed micro concrete, reinforcement meshes and poly styrene.
Dibujo 3: Descripción del sistema de surcos en cuadricula de 150 x 150 mm. en donde se alojará Ia malla electro soldada en el caso de ser panel reforzado o micro hormigón en el caso de panel sin refuerzo o de interiores.Drawing 3: Description of the groove system in a 150 x 150 mm grid. where the electro-welded mesh will be housed in the case of a reinforced panel or micro concrete in the case of a panel without reinforcement or interiors.
Dibujo 4: Triangulo de FÉRET en el que se ubican las curvas de densidades para así obtener el área de mayor densidad.Drawing 4: FÉRET triangle in which the density curves are located in order to obtain the area of greatest density.
• 13 • 13

Claims

Reinvindicaciones Reinvindications
1. Un procedimiento para Ia elaboración de mezcla para Ia obtención del micro hormigón vibro prensado en encofrado sintético, caracterizado porque Ia cantidad de cemento que se deberá agregar a Ia mezcla será el equivalente a Ia multiplicación del volumen de vacíos determinados según FAURY, por el peso específico del cemento 3.100 Kg./m3; el resultado de esta operación (peso del cemento), deberá reemplazar a igual proporción de áridos finos (pasante tamiz #40) del porcentaje obtenido según el triángulo de densidades de FÉRET.1. A procedure for the preparation of a mixture for obtaining the vibro micro concrete pressed in synthetic formwork, characterized in that the amount of cement to be added to the mixture will be equivalent to the multiplication of the volume of voids determined according to FAURY, by specific gravity of the cement 3,100 Kg./m 3 ; The result of this operation (cement weight) must replace the same proportion of fine aggregates (through sieve # 40) of the percentage obtained according to the density triangle of FÉRET.
2. Un procedimiento para Ia elaboración de micro hormigón vibro prensado en encofrado sintético, acorde a Ia reivindicación uno, caracterizado porque el contenido de humedad de diseño de Ia mezcla será determinado por Ia relación agua - cemento, equivalente a Ia multiplicación del factor 0,40 a 0,45, por Ia cantidad de cemento; esto implica que el porcentaje de agua alcanzará aproximadamente un 11,25 % del total de los materiales que conforman Ia mezcla. La adición de aditivos como plastificantes, acelerantes, impermeabilizantes u otros, se agregarán reemplazando al agua en Ia misma proporción especificada por el fabricante de dichos aditivos o de requerimiento del elemento a fabricar.2. A process for the preparation of micro vibro concrete pressed in synthetic formwork, according to claim one, characterized in that the design moisture content of the mixture will be determined by the water-cement ratio, equivalent to the multiplication of the factor 0, 40 to 0.45, for the amount of cement; This implies that the percentage of water will reach approximately 11.25% of the total materials that make up the mixture. The addition of additives such as plasticizers, accelerators, waterproofing or others, will be added replacing the water in the same proportion specified by the manufacturer of said additives or of the requirement of the element to be manufactured.
3. Un procedimiento para Ia elaboración de micro hormigón vibro prensado en encofrado sintético, acorde a Ia reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado por Ia elevada aplicación de energía vibro compactadora, cuya proporción depende del grosor del producto a construir.3. A process for the preparation of micro concrete vibro pressed in synthetic formwork, according to the previous claims, characterized by the high application of vibro compactor energy, the proportion of which depends on the thickness of the product to be constructed.
4. Un procedimiento para Ia elaboración de micro hormigón vibro prensado en encofrado sintético, acorde a las reivindicación anteriores, caracterizado porque Ia mezcla se vierte en moldes, formaletas o encofrados, cuyas paredes estarán recubiertas con una membrana sintética (que puede ser látex) no menor a 3 mm. de espesor, cuya textura puede ser lisa, rugosa o cualquier otra forma, Ia cual determinará Ia apariencia de Ia superficie del encofrado, siendo Io suficientemente resistente al esfuerzo del vibro prensado y al peso del material alojado.4. A process for the preparation of micro vibro concrete pressed in synthetic formwork, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixture is poured into molds, forms or formwork, whose walls will be covered with a synthetic membrane (which may be latex) not less than 3 mm. thick, whose texture can be smooth, rough or any other shape, which will determine the appearance of the formwork surface, being sufficiently resistant to the stress of the pressed vibro and the weight of the material lodged.
5. Un procedimiento de construcción de paneles, dinteles, columnas, láminas y cualquier otra forma (elementos constructivos), utilizando micro hormigón vibro5. A procedure for the construction of panels, lintels, columns, sheets and any other form (construction elements), using vibro micro concrete
14 prensado en encofrado sintético, acorde con las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque estos elementos constructivos, requieren para su fabricación materiales como:14 Pressed in synthetic formwork, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that these construction elements require materials such as:
• áridos pasantes los tamices 3/8" o #4, condicionado al espesor del elemento constructivo a fabricarse.• Through aggregates sieves 3/8 "or # 4, conditioned to the thickness of the construction element to be manufactured.
• cemento de cualquier tipo, dependiendo de las condiciones ambientales del lugar donde deban instalarse los elementos constructivos.• cement of any kind, depending on the environmental conditions of the place where the construction elements must be installed.
• Poliestireno que otorga alivianamiento, con características termo-acústicas a los paneles conforme los dibujos 1 y 2, y alivianamiento a Ia mayoría de formas; aunque puede no ser indispensable en formas muy delgadas (como molduras), en aquellas diseñadas para soportar esfuerzos (como dinteles y columnas) y en láminas.• Polystyrene that provides relief, with thermo-acoustic characteristics to the panels according to drawings 1 and 2, and relief to most forms; although it may not be indispensable in very thin forms (such as moldings), in those designed to withstand efforts (such as lintels and columns) and in sheets.
• Látex que otorga textura y forma a los elementos constructivos y además sirve para desmontarlos de sus moldes o formaletas.• Latex that gives texture and shape to the construction elements and also serves to disassemble them from their molds or formaletas.
• Fibra sintética, de preferencia nylon, agregada a Ia mezcla, según dosificación recomendada por el fabricante, que evitará contracciones indeseadas en el fraguado. No es indispensable su uso en Ia fabricación de formas de gran cuerpo (dinteles, columnas y otras).• Synthetic fiber, preferably nylon, added to the mixture, according to the dosage recommended by the manufacturer, which will avoid unwanted contractions in the setting. Its use is not essential in the manufacture of large body shapes (lintels, columns and others).
• Malla de alambre metálico (de preferencia de acero galvanizado) de diámetro no mayor a dos milímetros y paso no menor a 10 mm utilizada para absorber esfuerzos de contracción.• Metal wire mesh (preferably galvanized steel) with a diameter of no more than two millimeters and a pitch of no less than 10 mm used to absorb contraction forces.
• Malla metálica (preferentemente de hierro), electro soldada, de diámetros comprendidos entre 4 mm. y 6 mm. y paso en ambos sentidos de 150 mm., como refuerzo lateral, colocadas en uno o ambos lados del panel.• Metal mesh (preferably iron), electro welded, with diameters between 4 mm. and 6 mm. and passage in both directions of 150 mm., as lateral reinforcement, placed on one or both sides of the panel.
• Acero de refuerzo ubicado en las formas, dependiendo del esfuerzo a soportar (solicitación), que será determinado por cálculo analítico.• Reinforcement steel located in the forms, depending on the effort to be supported (solicitation), which will be determined by analytical calculation.
6. El procedimiento para Ia elaboración de láminas de micro hormigón vibro prensado en encofrado sintético, acorde con las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado por Ia instalación de piezas metálicas, preferiblemente hierro, en forma de WL", previo al inicio del proceso de fraguado, por medio de vibradores focalizados (puntuales); estas piezas metálicas tienen Ia función de fijar, principalmente a través de soldadura, Ia lámina a cualquier estructura.6. The process for the preparation of micro vibro concrete sheets pressed in synthetic formwork, according to the preceding claims, characterized by the installation of metal parts, preferably iron, in the form of W L ", prior to the start of the setting process, by means of focused (point) vibrators; these metal parts have the function of fixing, mainly through welding, the sheet to any structure.
15 fifteen
. Un procedimiento para Ia fijación de paneles, dinteles, columnas, láminas y cualquier otra forma (elementos constructivos), elaboradas con micro hormigón vibro prensado en encofrado sintético, acorde con las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado por que una vez realizado el corte (con disco u otro tipo de cortadora) del tamaño y forma requerido, puede ser sujetado entre ellos o entre él y otro elemento a través de cualquier tipo de adhesivo.. A procedure for fixing panels, lintels, columns, sheets and any other form (construction elements), made with vibro micro concrete pressed in synthetic formwork, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that once the cut (with disk or another type of cutter) of the required size and shape, can be held between them or between it and another element through any type of adhesive.
8. Un procedimiento para Ia fijación de paneles, dinteles, columnas, láminas y cualquier otra forma (elementos constructivos), elaboradas con micro hormigón vibro prensado en encofrado sintético, acorde con las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque se Io realiza por medio de tornillos, pernos, binchas, grapas o cualquier otra forma de sujeción.8. A procedure for fixing panels, lintels, columns, sheets and any other form (construction elements), made with vibro micro concrete pressed in synthetic formwork, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it is carried out by means of screws, bolts, binchas, staples or any other form of fastening.
9. Un panel elaborado de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque está formado por una placa de poliestireno expandido de 15 Kg./m3 de espesor variable entre 25 mm. a 50mm., que Ie proporciona Ia propiedad termo acústica. La placa de poliestireno esta provista de ranuras transversales y longitudinales en sus dos caras, de 15 mm. de ancho por 8 mm. de profundidad y a un paso de 150 mm., según el dibujo 3.9. A panel made according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it is formed by an expanded polystyrene plate of 15 Kg./m3 of varying thickness between 25 mm. at 50mm., which provides the thermo acoustic property. The polystyrene plate is provided with transverse and longitudinal grooves on its two faces, 15 mm. wide by 8 mm. deep and at a step of 150 mm., according to drawing 3.
10. Un panel conforme Ia reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque Ia capa de poliestireno incluye ductos y cajetines no mayores a 50 mm. de espesor, para instalaciones eléctricas, sanitarias y de cualquier índole.10. A panel according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the polystyrene layer includes ducts and boxes not larger than 50 mm. thick, for electrical, sanitary and any type of installations.
11. Un panel elaborado de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el micro hormigón vibro prensado en encofrado sintético, envuelve las dos caras principales como láminas de 10 mm. a 15 mm. de espesor cada una, reforzadas por una malla metálica de diámetro menor a 2 mm. y paso no menor a 10 mm. como acero de contracción, y en su perímetro el mismo micro hormigón en forma de machihembre para facilitar el ensamblaje entre los paneles, hasta conformar toda una pared conforme a los Dibujos 1 y 2.11. A panel made according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibro micro concrete pressed in synthetic formwork, wraps the two main faces as sheets of 10 mm. to 15 mm. thick each, reinforced by a metal mesh with a diameter of less than 2 mm. and step not less than 10 mm. as contraction steel, and on its perimeter the same micro concrete in the form of a tongue and groove to facilitate the assembly between the panels, until forming an entire wall according to Drawings 1 and 2.
12. Un panel elaborado de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque en las ranuras suministradas se alojará solo micro hormigón o micro hormigón embebiendo Ia malla electro soldada en cada uno de sus lados, y que12. A panel made according to the preceding claims characterized in that only micro concrete or micro concrete will be housed in the slots supplied embedding the electro welded mesh on each of its sides, and that
16 generan mayor rigidez al paiiel en condiciones normales conforme a los Dibujos 1, 2 y 3.16 generate greater rigidity to the paiiel under normal conditions according to Drawings 1, 2 and 3.
13. Un panel caracterizado porque las formas de machihembre del perímetro del panel están ubicadas en sentido opuesto que garantizan un ensamblado correcto conforme al dibujo 1.13. A panel characterized in that the tongue and groove forms of the perimeter of the panel are located in the opposite direction that guarantee a correct assembly according to drawing 1.
14. Una lámina o membrana, óptima para fachadas espaciales, pórticos, cortafuegos, mesones, caracterizada por espesores entre 10 mm. y 15 mm., con una malla metálica embebida para evitar los efectos de contracción, Ia que dependiendo del espesor estará acompañada adicionalmente de una malla cuadrada de 25 mm. a 50 mm. con alambre no mayor a 2 mm.14. A sheet or membrane, optimal for spatial facades, porches, firewalls, counters, characterized by thicknesses between 10 mm. and 15 mm., with an embedded metal mesh to avoid the effects of contraction, which, depending on the thickness, will be additionally accompanied by a 25 mm square mesh. at 50 mm with wire no larger than 2 mm.
15. Una lámina o membrana conforme Ia reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por ser plana, cóncava (cúpula), abovedada cuyas dimensiones están comprendidas preferentemente (no exclusivamente) entre 1000 x 1000 mm. a 1000 x 1500 mm.15. A sheet or membrane according to the preceding claims, characterized by being flat, concave (dome), domed whose dimensions are preferably (not exclusively) between 1000 x 1000 mm. at 1000 x 1500 mm.
16. Una lámina o membrana de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizada por disponer a distancias estratégicas piezas metálicas, preferiblemente hierro, en forma de WL" mayor a 4 mm., para soldar Ia lámina a una estructura de soporte.16. A sheet or membrane according to the preceding claims characterized by having metal pieces at strategic distances, preferably iron, in the form of W L "greater than 4 mm., To weld the sheet to a support structure.
17. Un producto de cualquier forma de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque contiene una malla metálica de contracción y porque evita el exceso de peso, en su parte más robusta contiene una lámina de poliestireno expandido.17. A product of any form according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains a contracting metal mesh and in that it avoids excess weight, in its most robust part it contains an expanded polystyrene sheet.
18. Un procedimiento conforme a las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado por Ia fabricación de formas variadas de micro hormigón vibro prensado en encofrado sintético, utilizando moldes o encofrados de origen sintético con Ia suficiente resistencia para soportar efectos de vibro-prensado, sin presentar deformaciones finales.18. A method according to the preceding claims, characterized by the manufacture of varied forms of micro concrete vibro pressed in synthetic formwork, using molds or formwork of synthetic origin with sufficient strength to withstand vibro-pressing effects, without presenting final deformations.
19. El uso de paneles conforme a las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado por sus diversas utilizaciones como: cerramientos, paredes reforzadas en hangares, interiores y exteriores de edificaciones manteniendo un pre-acabado liso.19. The use of panels according to the preceding claims, characterized by its various uses such as: enclosures, reinforced walls in hangars, interiors and exteriors of buildings maintaining a smooth pre-finish.
17 17
20. El uso de diferentes presentaciones de láminas, como rectas, abovedadas y cóncavas conforme a las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado por su utilización en Ia construcción especialmente, pero no en forma exclusiva de fachadas falsas de edificaciones y decoraciones interiores.20. The use of different presentations of sheets, such as straight, vaulted and concave according to the preceding claims, characterized by their use in construction especially, but not exclusively in fake facades of buildings and interior decorations.
21. El uso de formas de diversa índole, conforme a las reivindicaciones anteriores, que se caracteriza por su empleo en decorados de edificaciones de cualquier tipo tanto interiores como exteriores, así como formas de pequeñas y medianas solicitaciones como por ejemplo: dinteles, columnas, mesones, riostras.21. The use of forms of various kinds, according to the preceding claims, which is characterized by its use in decorations of buildings of any type, both interior and exterior, as well as forms of small and medium-sized solicitations such as: lintels, columns, inns, braces.
18 18
PCT/EC2006/000002 2006-05-30 2006-05-30 Vibro-pressed micro-concrete in synthetic formwork in panels-sheets-moulded sections WO2007137592A1 (en)

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EC2008008920A ECSP088920A (en) 2006-05-30 2008-11-28 VIBRO-PRESSED MICRO-CONCRETE IN SYNTHETIC FORMWORK IN

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EP0286737A1 (en) * 1987-04-13 1988-10-19 The Dow Chemical Company Protected membrane roof system for high traffic roof areas
GB2214552A (en) * 1988-01-22 1989-09-06 Chang Shih Chiah Shuttering lining system
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US3844527A (en) * 1972-01-04 1974-10-29 S Scott Water reservoir liner for concrete forms
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EP0286737A1 (en) * 1987-04-13 1988-10-19 The Dow Chemical Company Protected membrane roof system for high traffic roof areas
GB2214552A (en) * 1988-01-22 1989-09-06 Chang Shih Chiah Shuttering lining system
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GB2313567A (en) * 1996-05-30 1997-12-03 Tex Holdings Plc Method and apparatus for casting reinforced concrete panels
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JP2002097742A (en) * 2000-09-22 2002-04-05 Mitsuo Nakamura Concrete panel and concrete-panel manufacturing method

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POPOVICS S.: "Calculation of the water requirement of mortar and concrete", MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, vol. 13, no. 5, September 1980 (1980-09-01), pages 343 - 352, XP008090836 *

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