Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
  • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
  • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
  • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
  • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
  • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
  • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
  • F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02F3/00—Pistons 
  • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
  • F16C33/043—Sliding surface consisting mainly of ceramics, cermets or hard carbon, e.g. diamond like carbon [DLC]
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
  • F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
  • F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
  • F16J9/12—Details
  • F16J9/22—Rings for preventing wear of grooves or like seatings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
  • F16C2206/80—Cermets, i.e. composites of ceramics and metal
  • F16C2206/82—Cermets, i.e. composites of ceramics and metal based on tungsten carbide [WC]
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
  • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
  • F16C2240/48—Particle sizes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
  • F16C2360/22—Internal combustion engines

Definitions

• the invention relates to a wear protection device for components consisting of a metallic base material of machines, in particular two-stroke large diesel engines, which is designed as a coating which can be applied to the base material and which comprises at least one layer of particles of ceramic material accommodated in a metallic matrix consists.
• Another inventive concept relates to a method for producing such a wear protection device.
• the ceramic particles receiving matrix is formed as Ni, Cr, B, Si - alloy.
• the melting point of this material is in a temperature range of above 1300 0 C and thus very high, at any rate higher than the melting point of normally found as a base material using materials such as cast iron, etc.
• the melting point of cast iron is only 1100 0 C. Due to the high Melting temperature of the matrix, there is a risk that the carbides, which usually form the ceramic particles, dissolve or convert into other carbide forms with smaller size and hardness, which can affect the desired wear protection and is therefore undesirable. In addition, when using said matrix material, the proportion of carbides in the coating is severely limited.
• the part of the object relating to the wear protection device is inventively achieved in that the matrix consists of a material whose melting point is lower than the melting point of the base material.
• the matrix can expediently consist of a nickel alloy which contains at least phosphorus (P) as additional alloy constituent.
• P phosphorus
• the melting temperature of nickel (Ni) of about 1400 0 C to about 850 0 C can be reduced and thus sen a significantly below the melting temperature of Gussei- or other normally place as a base material using Mate value.
• the presence of silicon (Si) in combination with phosphorus (P) further enhances this advantage.
• composition of the matrix material advantageously consists of 1 to 15% by volume, preferably 3.65% by volume P, 1 to 6% by volume, preferably 2.15% by volume of Si and the remainder at least Ni.
• the coating material therefore expediently consists predominantly of ceramic particles.
• a volume ratio of ceramic to matrix of at least 60 to 40 or a weight ratio of at least 75 to 25 is provided.
• the ceramic particles may therefore be formed approximately spherical, with diameters of 30 ⁇ - can be provided 400 ⁇ and preferred values in the range of 40 ⁇ - 160 ⁇ .
• the hardness is advantageously 3000 HV.
• a further advantageous measure may consist in that the coating is designed to be multi-layered, wherein layers with comparatively little or no ceramic particles are provided at the bottom and top. With the help of the multi-layeredness, a high overall coating thickness can be achieved in a simple manner.
• the ceramic-free layers can advantageously form a thin, lower bonding layer, which favors the connection to the base material, and an upper covering layer, which facilitates a subsequent processing.
• the coating may advantageously be formed as a sintered preform that is sintered onto the base material.
• the object relating to the method is inventively achieved in that the base material at least in the area to be coated highest. is heated to shortly below the melting point of the base material and that simultaneously or in the direct connection to this heating process on the heated surface of the base material applied to the matrix of the underlying material and the ceramic particles containing material mixture and is sintered by means of the base material supplied heat to this ,
• the low melting point of the matrix material advantageously allows utilization of the heat supplied to directly sinter the coating.
• the coating material can therefore be advantageously supplied to the base material in a solid state, resulting in a particularly simple operation.
• the amount of applied material mixture may be appropriately sized so that the heat supplied to the base material is sufficient to melt the matrix material contained in the material mixture. This results in a reliable sintering process.
• At least one further heating process can take place after a first sintering process. This leads advantageously to a solidification of the near-surface regions and to a smooth formation of the surface.
• the material mixture can be applied in powder form to the base material. This results in a simple design of the application process.
• the surface to be coated can be subjected to inert gas at least during the sintering process. This prevents oxidation.
• Another expedient measure may be that the material mixture to be applied to the base material is preheated before and / or during the application process. As a result, the sintering is accelerated. Further expedient refinements and advantageous developments of the higher-level measures are specified in the remaining subclaims and from the following example description with reference to the drawing closer.
• FIG. 1 shows a partial section through a provided with a wear-resistant coating component
• FIGS. 3 to 5 show several method steps in the production of a wear protection coating of a piston ring groove.
• the invention can be used wherever it is a matter of reducing or preventing wear of components susceptible to wear.
• Main application field of the invention are the wings of piston ring grooves, the running surfaces of piston rings, cylinder liners, pistons, Wienkopff Entryen and the like of large engines, especially two-stroke large diesel engines.
• components of the stated type consist of a metallic base material 1, eg cast iron, and are provided with a coating 2 applied to the base material 1 in the region of the wear-prone surface.
• the coating 2 has a multilayer structure.
• a support layer 3 formed here by the middle layer is provided, which comprises ceramic material, preferably tungsten carbide (WC), existing particles which are accommodated in a matrix consisting of metallic material.
• WC tungsten carbide
• a bonding layer 4 above the support layer 3, a cover layer 5.
• the bonding layer 4 has the task of providing a good connection of the coating 2 to the base material 1 to accomplish.
• the cover layer 5 has the task of facilitating the subsequent processing of the coating 2.
• the support layer 3 consists, as already mentioned, of ceramic particles 6, which are accommodated in a metallic matrix 7.
• the ceramic particles 6 are expedient spherically formed, wherein diameter may be provided in the range of 30 ⁇ to 400 ⁇ . Preferred diameters are between 40 ⁇ and 160 ⁇ . In this way it is achieved that 6 smaller ceramic particles 6 can be positioned between larger ceramic particles, as Figure 2 shows clearly. This allows a high ceramic content of the support layer 3. This may consist predominantly of ceramic particles.
• a volume ratio of ceramic particles 6 to matrix 7 of at least 60 to 40 is provided. This results in a weight ratio of at least 75 to 25 when using the materials to be described.
• the ceramic particles 6 are preferably, as already mentioned, made of WC and have a hardness in the range of at least 3000 HV.
• the material forming the matrix 7 expediently consists of a nickel alloy which, apart from nickel (Ni), contains at least phosphorus (P).
• P nickel
• Si silicon
• P or P in combination with Si the melting temperature of Ni is lowered from about 1400 ° C to about 85O 0 C and thus brought well below the melting temperature of the base material 1, which is for example cast iron at 1100 0 C.
• Materials with 1 - 15 vol% P 1 1 - 6 vol% Si and balance Ni are well suited to the formation of the matrix 7. At a content of 3.65% by volume of P, 2.15% by volume of Si and the balance Ni, particularly good results can be achieved, as confirmed by experiments.
• the binding layer 4 and the cover layer 5 consist only of matrix material without ceramic inclusions.
• another suitable metal instead of matrix material to form the bonding layer 4 and / or cover layer 5.
• the coating 2 is expediently formed as a sintered molding, which is sintered onto the base material 1.
• the base material 1 in the region of the surface to be coated is heated to at most just below the melting point of the base material 1. In the case of the use of cast iron as the base material 1, therefore, the heating may at most only go to just below 1100 0 C, so for example up to at most about 1050 0 C.
• the material forming the coating 2 is applied to the base material 1. It may be a powder mixture containing the matrix material and the ceramic particles in the desired concentration.
• the powder material can be applied mechanically or pneumatically.
• it would also be conceivable to form a wire, a strip or shaped parts adapted to the configuration of the surface to be coated by sintering from a powdered material mixture which contains the matrix material and the ceramic particles in the desired concentration and / or these to hang the surface to be coated, with a certain fixation by soldering, etc. is possible in an advantageous manner.
• a binder e.g. Water glass, find use that disappears during the sintering process.
• the applied amount of the material mixture does not exceed the amount, their matrix content by means of the heating process supplied heat can be melted. By adhering to this condition, a reliable sintering process is achieved.
• the heat supply can also be done in several stages.
• a pre-sintering of the applied material can be carried out with the aid of a first heating process.
• a final sintering can then be carried out.
• the processes of heating and material supply are to be carried out several times in succession.
• identical or different material compositions can be used.
• the material supply and heating takes place in successive operations in intersecting directions.
• the material composition is adapted to the respective function.
• a multilayer coating of the type shown in FIG. 1 In a multilayer coating of the type shown in FIG. 1
• the heating can take place in different ways, wherein the selected devices can be adapted to the conditions of the individual case.
• the use of an induction coil is conceivable for heating areas that are difficult to reach. This may be particularly useful in the case of piston ring grooves, for example.
• the material mix forming the coating 2 can be introduced into the oven immediately before the component is introduced into the oven or immediately after removal of the component are applied from the oven.
• Heat sources that accomplish a local heating, such as a gas flame, a laser beam or an induction coil are suitably moved with respect to the component to be coated at a certain speed. In this case, the supply of the coating material either following the moving Schufleck immediately next to this or take place directly in this.
• the coating material is suitably fed directly to the Schustrahl generated by the laser beam.
• a preheating of the coating forming material mixture is possible lent.
• the heat to be supplied to the base material 1 for effecting sintering is reduced and yet a good sintering process is achieved.
• the applied material mixture can already be heated to the extent that the matrix material has already melted, so that the required heating of the base material can be greatly reduced or dispensed with altogether.
• FIGS. 3 to 5 are based on the coating of the support surface of a piston ring groove 9 of a piston 10 of a two-stroke large diesel engine.
• the upper part of the piston 10, which is provided with a plurality of successively arranged piston ring grooves 9, is usually made of cast iron.
• an induction coil 11 is used, which is placed above the surface to be coated in the piston ring groove 9. It would be conceivable to form a plurality of induction coils 11 over the entire circumference of the piston ring 9 circumferential arrangement. As a rule, however, an induction coil 11 which extends only over a partial region of the groove circumference and which is moved circumferentially is sufficient. Of course, it would also be conceivable to arrange the induction coil 11 stationary and for the piston 10 to rotate. It is important that a relative movement results, so that the induction coil heating a local spot can successively heat the entire circumference of the surface to be coated.
• the coating material forming mix is fed here in powder form.
• a blowing nozzle 12 is provided, by means of which the powdery material mix is supplied either directly into the region of the heating spot generated by the induction coil 11, or in a directly following this area.
• the blowing nozzle 12 is provided with additional peripheral protective gas nozzles 13 for this purpose.
• the process described above is repeated several times, with powder containing only matrix material being supplied during the production of the bonding layer 4 and the cover layer 5.
• several processes of the type mentioned above are also carried out for the production of the base layer 3.
• the induction coil 11 is activated.
• the nozzles 13 may be activated for the supply of inert gas.
• the tuyere 12 for the supply of coating material is passivated. This additional heating process advantageously ensures a reliable sintering of the near-surface areas as well as a smoothing of the surface.
• the applied coating two can be covered for the cooling process by means of a cover element 14 formed by a sheet, etc., which prevents oxidation during the cooling process.
• the covering element 14 is expediently treated with a separating agent before its attachment on the side in contact with the upper side of the coating two, so that it can be easily removed after the end of the cooling process.
• the coating is two introduced into one of a radially inner web 15 of the piston ring groove 9 to the radially outer edge of the Kolbeningnut 9 extending, pocket-shaped recess 16 which is open radially outward.
• the recess 16 is closed during the production of the coating 2 by a circumferential sealing strip 17, which is removed after preparation of the coating 2.
• the closure strip 17 is accordingly treated in the region of its inside with a release agent.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
• Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
• Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=38607964

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (13)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (8)

Family Cites Families (17)

• 2006
  • 2006-05-17 DE DE102006023396A patent/DE102006023396B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-05-12 JP JP2009510333A patent/JP5254959B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-05-12 WO PCT/EP2007/004234 patent/WO2007131743A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2007-05-12 KR KR1020087030153A patent/KR101048733B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-05-12 SG SG201103102-8A patent/SG171643A1/en unknown
  • 2007-05-12 ES ES07725154T patent/ES2719739T3/es active Active
  • 2007-05-12 EP EP07725154.4A patent/EP2021526B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2007-05-12 MY MYPI20084605A patent/MY162492A/en unknown
  • 2007-05-12 RU RU2008149687/02A patent/RU2421546C2/ru active
  • 2007-05-12 HR HRP20080583AA patent/HRP20080583B1/hr active IP Right Grant
  • 2007-05-12 TR TR2019/05190T patent/TR201905190T4/tr unknown
  • 2007-05-12 PL PL07725154T patent/PL2021526T3/pl unknown
  • 2007-05-12 CN CN2007800222096A patent/CN101473066B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

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