WO2007123493A1 - Terrain de jeu et procédé de construction d'un terrain de jeu - Google Patents

Terrain de jeu et procédé de construction d'un terrain de jeu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007123493A1
WO2007123493A1 PCT/SG2007/000114 SG2007000114W WO2007123493A1 WO 2007123493 A1 WO2007123493 A1 WO 2007123493A1 SG 2007000114 W SG2007000114 W SG 2007000114W WO 2007123493 A1 WO2007123493 A1 WO 2007123493A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
playing field
stratum
asphaltic concrete
playing
constructing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SG2007/000114
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ang Chai Wong
Original Assignee
Tcb Sports Pte Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2006902158A external-priority patent/AU2006902158A0/en
Application filed by Tcb Sports Pte Ltd filed Critical Tcb Sports Pte Ltd
Publication of WO2007123493A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007123493A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to playing fields, for example for sports such as soccer, tennis and hockey, and relates to a method of constructing a playing field.
  • the invention relates to playing fields constructed with synthetic grass surfaces .
  • Playing fields for sports such as soccer, tennis and hockey, are typically formed with a playing surface overlying a substrate comprising asphaltic concrete.
  • the asphaltic concrete is laid hot, using special paver machinery, over stone macadam which, in turn, is laid over a sub-soil drain.
  • the stone macadam has limited permeability and, therefore, impedes vertical drainage of rainfall from the surface of the playing field.
  • FIG. 1 An example of a playing field with a layer 1 of asphaltic concrete (hot laid) over a layer 2 of stone macadam is shown in Figure 1.
  • the playing field includes a synthetic grass playing surface 3.
  • the asphaltic concrete provides a firm and stable base for a playing field.
  • installation is difficult and hard to control. For example, there is a lag time between inputting a level adjustment into the controls of the paver and when the level correction is effected.
  • Another problem with asphaltic concrete is that, once compacted, it is difficult to correct the levels of the asphaltic concrete . Removal of high spots is achieved by using a gas blow-torch and scraping excess asphaltic concrete from the surface of the compacted asphaltic concrete. Topping up of depressions is achieved by using loose asphaltic concrete, but results in a rough surface texture, even when compacted.
  • Compacted asphaltic concrete is dense and has low water permeability. Consequently, in regions of high intensity rainfall , such as tropical regions , a playing field formed of asphaltic concrete can be subject to flooding. In the circumstances that a synthetic grass playing surface is not glued to the asphaltic concrete, intense rainfall can cause the synthetic grass to float and can cause migration of the sand and rubber particle in-fill material within the synthetic grass .
  • the degree of permeability of the asphaltic concrete is dependent on the size distribution of aggregate particles in the asphaltic concrete mix.
  • Semi-permeable asphaltic concrete has permeability greater than normal asphaltic concrete because it has less fines as part of the aggregate. Accordingly, the void ratio in semi-permeable asphaltic concrete is higher than the void ratio in normal asphaltic concrete.
  • there is a limit to the extent to which the void ratio can be increased by reducing the fines in the aggregates because without sufficient fines the asphaltic concrete is weak and unstable.
  • playing fields are formed with a surface inclination of 0.5 to 0.8% to generate surface run-off . Nevertheless , in particularly heavy downpours, the inclination is not always sufficient to prevent flooding.
  • One option for alleviating the flooding problems associated with heavy downpours is to introduce an elastic layer between the synthetic grass and the asphaltic concrete.
  • the elastic layer is porous and improves drainage by directing water horizontally. However, vertical drainage is still restricted by the asphaltic concrete and stone macadam. Under heavy rains, flooding still occurs .
  • FIG. 2 An example of a playing field with an elastic layer is a hockey field construction shown in Figure 2.
  • the playing field includes a layer of stone macadam, a layer 5 of semi-permeable asphaltic concrete (hot laid) , a synthetic grass playing surface 6 with infill 7 and an elastic layer 8.
  • the elastic layer is formed of polyurethane bound rubber granules and is costly. Using purely stone clippings or coarse sand, which has high porosity, is not suitable because both are loose and unstable. Even with the above drainage solutions in combination with asphaltic concrete, the permeability of playing fields having an asphaltic concrete base is less than 180mm/hour. Such playing fields do not meet the drainage requirements set down by FIFA, the International body governing soccer, which call for drainage of at least 180mm/hour .
  • asphalt refers to bituminous substances used in forming asphaltic concrete .
  • asphalt concrete refers to a combination of mineral aggregate, such as sand and gravel particles, and asphalt that is laid and compacted typically at temperatures around 160 0 C to produce a hard surface. Asphaltic concrete is typically used to form roads.
  • the present invention provides a playing field comprising a stratum of compacted recycled asphaltic concrete and a playing surface over the stratum of compacted recycled asphaltic concrete .
  • the invention also provides a method of constructing a playing field, the method comprising the steps of:
  • Forming a playing field with a stratum of recycled asphaltic concrete improves the vertical drainage of the playing field and, thereby, reduces the incidence of flooding when the playing field is subject to high intensity rainfall .
  • recycled asphaltic concrete when compacted, has a higher porosity than conventional asphaltic concrete.
  • the higher porosity of the compacted recycled asphaltic concrete results in an improved vertical drainage in comparison to conventional asphaltic concrete .
  • the higher porosity of the compacted recycled asphaltic concrete is because the asphalt is aged, weathered and not heated and, therefore, is less ductile than when originally laid as asphaltic concrete.
  • the reduction in ductility means that the asphalt has a reduced capacity to act as a lubricant so particles of aggregate in the asphalt concrete can not slide easily past each other to form a dense asphaltic concrete when compacted.
  • the aged asphalt still retains some adhesive properties so as to adhere the particles of aggregate in the compacted recycled asphaltic concrete together to stabilise the formed stratum of recycled asphaltic concrete without enabling the particles to slide past each other to fill pores in the compacted recycled asphaltic concrete .
  • the result of compacting recycled asphaltic concrete is a stable stratum with high porosity and, hence, vertical drainage that is greater than the vertical drainage of conventional asphaltic concrete .
  • Another advantage of using recycled asphaltic concrete to form playing fields is that the cost of materials is less than laying fresh asphaltic concrete because existing materials are being recycled. Further advantages include being able to lay the recycled asphaltic concrete at ambient temperature and being able to level bumps and troughs in the surface of the compacted recycled asphaltic concrete without the difficulties mentioned above with levelling asphaltic concrete .
  • the step of locating a playing surface over the stratum of compacted recycled asphalt concrete may be a step of installing the playing surface.
  • the step of installing the playing surface may include in- filling the playing surface and/or securing the playing surface to the stratum of the recycled asphaltic concrete.
  • a playing field constructed in accordance with the present invention preferably has a stratum thickness in the range 150-225 mm.
  • the playing field preferably has a compacted sub-base on which the stratum is laid for support.
  • the sub-base preferably has a network of drains for collecting and removing precipitation that percolates through the stratum.
  • the stratum preferably has a permeability that is at least 1000 mm/hour and up to 3000 mm/hour.
  • the stratum may be formed with an incline of 0.5-0.8% to facilitate precipitation run off from the surface of the playing field.
  • the playing surface is formed with an incline of 0.5 - 0.6%.
  • the playing surface over the stratum comprises synthetic grass .
  • the playing field may comprise a porus elastic layer intermediate the playing surface and the stratum to control the extent of rebound of objects impacting on the playing field.
  • a synthetic grass may comprise sand and/or rubber granules in the pile of the synthetic grass .
  • the step of forming a stratum of compacted recycled asphaltic concrete preferably comprises forming the stratum to a thickness of 150-225 mm.
  • the step of forming the stratum involves forming the stratum into consecutive layers totalling a thickness in the range of 150-225 mm.
  • the method may include a step, preceding step (a) , of preparing a sub-base on which to lay the stratum.
  • preparation of the sub-base comprises compacting the ground on which the stratum is to be laid to 95% maximum dry density to form the sub-base.
  • Preparation of the sub-base may also comprise installing drainage means in the sub-base to collect and remove precipitation that percolates through the stratum.
  • the drainage means may comprise drainage pipes located in channels formed in the sub-base that are spaced at 5 metre centres .
  • the step of forming the stratum may comprise laying a first layer of recycled asphaltic concrete and compacting the laid recycled asphaltic concrete such that the first layer has a thickness in the range 75-125 mm and then laying a second layer of recycled asphaltic concrete on the first layer and compacting the second layer such that the second layer has a thickness in the range 75-100 mm.
  • the method of constructing a playing field may comprise a further step, after step (a) and before step (b) , comprising levelling relief in the stratum to provide a substantially smooth surface for the playing field.
  • the step of levelling preferably comprises roughing valley regions, adding extra recycled asphaltic concrete to the roughened area and compacting the roughen area .
  • the step of levelling may also comprise scraping excess recycled asphaltic concrete from bumps and re-compacting the scraped area.
  • the method of constructing in a playing field may comprise a step of recycling asphaltic concrete by milling old asphaltic concrete to provide a loose aggregate coated in asphalt .
  • the step of recycling asphaltic concrete may further comprise controlling the size distribution of aggregate in the milled asphaltic concrete to provide a well graded recycled asphaltic concrete .
  • the present invention provides a playing field comprising a substrate and a playing surface over the substrate, the substrate comprising aggregates and a ductile binder that are compacted to form a porous and stable structure having a vertical drainage capacity of about 500-3000mm/hour .
  • Figure 1 is a cross section of a conventional synthetic grass playing field for tennis .
  • Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of a conventional synthetic grass playing field for soccer.
  • Figure 3 is a cross section of a playing field for soccer formed in accordance with the present invention .
  • FIG. 3 A cross section of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 3 as a cross section of a soccer playing field.
  • the playing field comprises a stratum of recycled asphaltic concrete in the form of layer 10 and a playing surface in the form of synthetic grass 20 over the stratum of recycled asphaltic material .
  • the layer 10 is formed on a sub-base 60 of levelled and compacted ground.
  • the base includes drainage 30 in the form of a network of channels in the form of trenches 40 filled with crushed rock or gravel and a drainage pipe 50 located at the base of the trench 40.
  • the synthetic grass 20 may be in-filled with sand and/or rubber granules depending upon the sport for which the playing surface is constructed. For example, for soccer -lithe synthetic grass 20 is formed to height of 50-65mm and is in-filled with sand and rubber granules .
  • the sand assists to weigh down the synthetic grass 20 to prevent lifting from the layer 10.
  • the sand in-fills the synthetic grass to form a layer in the range 10-15mm from a backing 22 of the synthetic grass playing surface 20.
  • the loose rubber granules in-fill the synthetic grass to a height of 25-30mm above the level of the sand in-fill .
  • the rubber granules have a cushioning effect to absorb impacts and, therefore, can be used to control the bounce of a ball or other objects impacting on the playing surface. Typically, the rubber granules absorb impacts and thereby reduce bounce of balls .
  • the backing 22 of the synthetic grass 20 is laid loose over the layer 10. That is, the backing 22 is not adhered to the layer 10.
  • the backing 22 is perforated with holes (not shown) having a diameter of 3-5mm and spaced at 100- 300mm apart depending upon rainfall intensity. In high rainfall areas, the diameter of the holes is increased and the spacing between holes is reduced to match the permeability of the layer 10.
  • an intermediate elastic layer is disposed between the layer 10 and synthetic grass 20 for cushioning impacts and controlling bounce of balls .
  • the elastic layer (not shown) may be formed of a layer of rubber granules or of plastic particles in a rubberised matrix.
  • the elastic layer has a permeability that matches the synthetic grass 20 and layer 10 to facilitate drainage of high intensity precipitation . It will be appreciated that the specific details of the layers that are laid over the layer 10 will depend on the purpose of the playing field. That is, the inclusion of an elastic layer, the height of the synthetic grass 20, the use of in-fill materials in the synthetic grass 20 and other aspects will vary depending on the intended use of the playing field.
  • the sub-base 60 supporting the layer 10 is formed by levelling the ground on which the playing field is to be located and then by compacting the ground to 95% maximum dry density.
  • the drains 30 are formed in the base by cutting trenches 40 into the base and locating drainage pipes 50 spaced apart at 5 metre centres .
  • the spacing of the trenches 40 and pipes 50 will vary depending on the level of drainage required.
  • the trenches 40 are filled with gravel, otherwise known as "stone chippings", to facilitate movement of rainwater seeping through the synthetic grass 20 and layer 10 to the drainage pipes 50 for removal to an external drain located outside the area of the playing field.
  • drains 30 are optional because the playing surface can be formed with a greater incline for removing precipitation from the surface of the playing field and because the total precipitation landing on the playing field can be removed by percolation through the layer 10.
  • a playing field in accordance with an embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3 is constructed initially by forming a sub-base 60 and drain 30 as described above.
  • a first layer of recycled asphaltic material is laid on the base 60 and compacted such that the layer has a thickness in the range 75-125mm. If the thickness of the first layer is less than 75mm, the recycled asphaltic concrete will shift and crack under the weight of a roller that compacts the recycled asphaltic concrete . Such rollers are typically twenty tonne rollers . Additionally, if the first layer has a thickness greater than 125mm, the roller will not be completely effective in compacting the first layer.
  • the first layer serves as a correction levelling layer that accommodates variations in relief in the underlying sub-base 60.
  • a second course of layer 10 is laid on the first course and compacted such that the compacted second course has thickness in the range of 75-lOOmm. If the thickness of the second course is less than 75mm, the recycled asphaltic concrete will shift and crack under the weight of a roller. In the event that the second course exceeds a thickness of 100mm, compaction of the second course will be insufficient to consolidate the layer 10 and achieve the required levelling tolerances for the playing field.
  • the section may be topped up with fine aggregates .
  • the fine aggregates assist to stabilise the course aggregates and assist to smooth the rough texture of the course aggregates .
  • Levelling of the layer 10 may be achieved by scraping excess recycled asphaltic concrete from the top of the second course that forms bumps . Scraping the surface makes the second course rough. The roughened surface may be re-compacted to provide a smooth surface substantially level with the remainder of the playing field.
  • Valleys or depressions formed in the layer 10 may be roughed-up and then topped up with additional recycled asphaltic material. Once topped up, the layer 10 is again compacted to provide a smooth and level second course .
  • the recycled asphaltic material is layered in the first and second courses at ambient temperature . Accordingly , levelling the layer 10 by the above described steps does not need to be effected in a specific time frame after laying and compacting each course of the layer 10.
  • hot-laid asphaltic concrete can be levelled in only a short time after being laid and compacted and, even then, the levelled surface undulates .
  • the undulating surface is unsuitable without an intermediate elastic layer that can compliment the undulating surface to provide a suitably smooth surface.
  • the resultant playing surface often has inconsistent bounce, i.e. rebound properties .
  • the recycled asphaltic concrete is prepared by milling asphaltic concrete that is about fives years old or older to provide loose aggregate coated in asphalt.
  • the size distribution of the aggregate is controlled to provide a "well graded" or, in other words, even size distribution of aggregate, in the recycled asphaltic concrete.
  • the size distribution of the aggregate may be controlled by selecting an area of asphaltic concrete to be milled.
  • Layer 10 is formed with an inclination in the range 0.5- 0.8% to assist drainage over the synthetic grass 20 that is located on the layer 10.
  • the improved drainage through the layer 10 enables the layer 10 to be formed with a lower inclination in the range of 0.5 - 0.6%. This improves the aesthetic aspect of the playing field and improves consistency in reduces the relative ball roll over the inclined playing surface, between ⁇ uphill' and ⁇ downhill' .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un terrain de jeu, tel qu'un terrain de sports pour le football, le tennis ou le hockey, équipé d'un drainage amélioré pour recevoir des précipitations de forte intensité. L'invention concerne également un procédé de construction d'un terrain de jeu. L'amélioration du drainage est obtenue en utilisant une couche de béton asphaltique recyclé, une surface de jeu recouvrant cette couche.
PCT/SG2007/000114 2006-04-26 2007-04-24 Terrain de jeu et procédé de construction d'un terrain de jeu WO2007123493A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006902158A AU2006902158A0 (en) 2006-04-26 A playing field
AU2006902158 2006-04-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007123493A1 true WO2007123493A1 (fr) 2007-11-01

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ID=38625296

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SG2007/000114 WO2007123493A1 (fr) 2006-04-26 2007-04-24 Terrain de jeu et procédé de construction d'un terrain de jeu

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1035221C2 (nl) * 2008-03-28 2009-09-29 Edel Grass B V Kunstgrassysteem en werkwijze voor het aanleggen daarvan.
DE102009055732A1 (de) * 2009-11-26 2011-06-16 Udo Gisbertz Verbesserte Bodenoberschichtstruktur für Sportanlagen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2727956A1 (de) * 1977-06-22 1979-01-18 Nikolaus Blank Schichtenaufbau fuer unterirdisch be- und entwaesserbare sport- und spielplaetze sowie vegetationsflaechen aller art
DE3301094A1 (de) * 1983-01-14 1984-07-19 Sportbau Gödel & von Cramm GmbH & Co KG, 2000 Hamburg Gebundene dynamische schicht unter sportplatzbelaegen
EP0140868B1 (fr) * 1983-10-31 1989-04-12 Astroturf Industries, Inc. Gazon artificiel pour terrains de jeu
JPH01146004A (ja) * 1987-12-01 1989-06-08 Kajima Road Co Ltd 下地舗装

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2727956A1 (de) * 1977-06-22 1979-01-18 Nikolaus Blank Schichtenaufbau fuer unterirdisch be- und entwaesserbare sport- und spielplaetze sowie vegetationsflaechen aller art
DE3301094A1 (de) * 1983-01-14 1984-07-19 Sportbau Gödel & von Cramm GmbH & Co KG, 2000 Hamburg Gebundene dynamische schicht unter sportplatzbelaegen
EP0140868B1 (fr) * 1983-10-31 1989-04-12 Astroturf Industries, Inc. Gazon artificiel pour terrains de jeu
JPH01146004A (ja) * 1987-12-01 1989-06-08 Kajima Road Co Ltd 下地舗装

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 1989, Derwent World Patents Index; Class Q41, AN 1989-209607 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1035221C2 (nl) * 2008-03-28 2009-09-29 Edel Grass B V Kunstgrassysteem en werkwijze voor het aanleggen daarvan.
DE102009055732A1 (de) * 2009-11-26 2011-06-16 Udo Gisbertz Verbesserte Bodenoberschichtstruktur für Sportanlagen

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