WO2007123429A2 - Method and device for coral propagation and establishment of coral nurseries - Google Patents
Method and device for coral propagation and establishment of coral nurseries Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007123429A2 WO2007123429A2 PCT/PH2007/000006 PH2007000006W WO2007123429A2 WO 2007123429 A2 WO2007123429 A2 WO 2007123429A2 PH 2007000006 W PH2007000006 W PH 2007000006W WO 2007123429 A2 WO2007123429 A2 WO 2007123429A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coral
- clones
- corals
- acropora
- concrete
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 241000242757 Anthozoa Species 0.000 claims description 44
- 241000242733 Acropora Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001223110 Acropora nobilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000975545 Acropora robusta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000653900 Micrantha Species 0.000 claims 1
- 208000034699 Vitreous floaters Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000498171 Tubastraea micranthus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000940612 Medina Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMQSIXYSKPIGPD-YQRUMEKGSA-N filipin III Chemical compound CCCCC[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)\C(C)=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)OC1=O IMQSIXYSKPIGPD-YQRUMEKGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/26—Artificial reefs or seaweed; Restoration or protection of coral reefs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and device for coral propagation and establishment of coral nurseries as a continuing source (on a 2 year cycle) of large sized coral clones through the use of A-legged concrete substrates for clonal propagation in nurseries and for outplanting/rehabilitation of coral reefs through the formation of interlocking coral cover that in time become natural caverns for fish habitat.
- MAT Mineral Accretion Technology
- This technology was an effect of the steel frame, electricity and sea-water reaction. A low voltage of electric current is passed through the frame allowing the conduction of electrolysis which causes sea water mineral like; calcium bicarbonate and magnesium hydroxide to accumulate on the surface of the steel bar frame. This technology accelerates coral growth but is very expensive and none economic-massive methodology.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the device used in the present method of propagation and establishment of coral nurseries.
- Figure 2 is an end view of the present device.
- Figure 3 is another end view shown with the coral growth.
- Figure 4 is the comparative graphs of the growth rate increments in terms of coral colony height (CCH) for the donor corals, transplanted coral clones, and the natural corals.
- CCH coral colony height
- Figure 5 is the comparative graphs of the growth rate increments in terms of coral colony width (CCW) for the donor corals, transplanted coral clones, and the natural corals.
- CCW coral colony width
- Figure 6 is the comparative graphs of the growth rate increments in terms of coral colony branch length (CBL) for the donor corals, transplanted coral clones, and the natural corals.
- Figure 7 is the comparative graphs of the growth rate increments in terms of coral colony branch diameter (CBD) for the donor corals, transplanted coral clones, and the natural corals.
- CBL coral colony branch length
- CBD coral colony branch diameter
- FIG. 1 there is shown the present device generally designated as reference numeral 11, wherein same reference numeral designates same parts throughout.
- Said device is being defined by a generally A shaped leg members 12 having a centrally disposed aperture 13.
- a beam 14 is force fitted aperture 13 forming thereby a stable structure that can be placed in the desired location, degraded coral reefs or sea bed.
- the beam 14 is further provided with a plurality of pockets 15 spacedly disposed on top of the said beam 14, wherein coral clones can be securely placed therein.
- the present device is made of concrete and reinforced with steel bars or bamboo.
- the present method of coral propagation and establishment of coral nurseries comprises the steps of: a) providing a fabricated coral concrete device with pockets as substrates; b) installing the coral substrates device to the desired location, degraded coral reefs or sea bed of about 0.5 to 1.5 meter apart using air bag floater and bamboo raft carrier towed to the site by motorized seacraft; c) collecting wild donor coral colony of mostly Acroporadae family such as Acropora yongie, Acropora robusta, Acropora valencenensis, Acropora formusa, Tubastraea micrantha, Acropora nobilis and other coral species and extracting of coral fragments ranging from 10% to 15% of the total donor coral cover; d) acclimatizing coral fragments in fabricated cradles for at least two (2) days; e) planting the coral clones into the concrete substrates device; f) fixing the planted coral clones with underwater concrete mix or concrete putty that serves as holding material; and g
- Transplantation site was purposely chosen to be contiguous to the donor site to minirnize seedling stress from transport of the fragments taken from donor corals. This strategy also allows for controls on the water parameters, e.g., similar salinity and others.
- the size ranges of the large coral clones planted are from 16 cm to 24 cm in height and 15 cm to 20 cm by width.
- Coral clones are planted by inserting them into prefabricated pockets 15 along the beam 14. Planting of clones underwater is fixed by the use of concrete mix or putty that serves as the holding or bonding material. Growing of coral clones within the device 11 takes 1 Vi to 2 years to harvest for out planting. Massive coral out planting is undertaken in a span of 1 Vi to 2 years, the outplanted corals can also be harvested as source of coral clones if needed. Harvested coral clones are transplanted at the rehabilitation sites using similar device 11. The use of large-sized coral clones assures a faster growth and area coverage as well as better survival compared to smaller-sized clones. The same underwater planting procedures are applied for both planting in the nurseries and massive out planting.
- Results of the monitoring show very encouraging coral growth increments of the transplanted coral clones and donor corals.
- Results show that increased biodiversity, in terms of both abundance and species of fish and other invertebrates. It has been observed that the relatively higher growth increments of corals are due to the following: a) the sites are high in nutrients from fresh water upwelling b) due to the relative isolation of the transplanted coral clones, competition on nutrients had been minimized leading to their faster development. The results, therefore, show that massive restorations of coral reefs are possible on similar areas like the project site.
- Tables 1-8 illustrate growth comparisons among experimental variables: natural corals (control), donor corals, and transplanted coral clones (treatment) of different Acropora species, measured in terms of CCH - coral colony height (in centimeters or cm), CCW - coral colony width (in cm), CBL - coral branch length (in cm), and CBD - coral branch diameter (in millimeters or mm).
- D column refers to the growth of donor corals, T column, transplanted coral clones and N column, natural corals.
- Table 9 shows the summary of the average values of the six (6) sampling results taken from eight (8) different Acropora species as illustrated in Tables 1-8 above. Table 9. Coral Growth Comparison
- Table 9.1 illustrates the percentage growth rates of the experimental variables: donor corals (D column), transplanted coral clones (T column) and natural corals (N column), from the initial sampling, calculated using the data in Table 9 above. '
- the CCH shows a growth rate increment of
- the transplanted corals research has now become one of the tourists' attractions in the area.
- the present technology is now a good source of income for fishermen and the immediate community. Aside from their usual fishing work, they become guides for snorkeling and scuba diving, and operatee glass bottom boats and other sea crafts.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and device for coral propagation and establishment of coral nurseries, for massive restoration of damaged coral reefs and marine growth. The present device is cost effective and easy to install.
Description
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CORAL PROPAGATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF
CORAL NURSERIES
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method and device for coral propagation and establishment of coral nurseries as a continuing source (on a 2 year cycle) of large sized coral clones through the use of A-legged concrete substrates for clonal propagation in nurseries and for outplanting/rehabilitation of coral reefs through the formation of interlocking coral cover that in time become natural caverns for fish habitat.
Background Art
Damage to coral reef systems worldwide was alarming in recent decades. Blast fishing and other destructive fishing practices are some factors in annihilating most of nature's coral cover, which reduces fish propagation and marine biodiversity. Efforts in the past were focused in , developing artificial coral reefs with little or no appreciable results as they became an aggregating device compounding the overfishing problem. In most instances, the prior art method and device of developing artificial coral reefs were effective for some fish species only and could not fully restore the damage in the environment.
The destructive fishing practices in most part of the Philippine waters have progressed over the years, and if kept unchecked, could possibly cause irreversible damages. Destructive fishing practices, however, are not only prevalent in the Philippines but are considered as major threats to marine ecosystem worldwide.
The establishment of marine protected areas or marine fishery reserve has been practiced and proven effective in the past decades. In particular, this concept of marine protection has been established in "DUKA REEF" in Medina, Misamis Oriental, Philippines for almost six years. It was observed that the "natural recovery" through marine protection is not even enough in this particular reef area considering the impact of human induced pressure. This coral reef system needs technology
intervention to hasten its recovery. A need of establishing the coral reef enhancement project in this particular area and in some area worldwide will of course improve and accelerate the recovery of the reef ecosystem increasing coral recruitment on degraded reefs. This can be possibly made through the application of coral transplantation and likewise by artificial seeding of some marine fauna , e.gv giant clams and other commercially valued fish species.
Several attempts have been made to restore damaged reef communities since 1960. Artificial reefs of different shapes and materials were introduced. Usually from concrete reef balls, shipwrecks, old car bodies and old tires or anything that will represent suitable artificial habitat (Action Asia journal, 2000).
Dr. Thomas Gorea and Prof. Wolf Hilbertz have developed a new technique called "Mineral Accretion Technology" (MAT) that is capable of creating a base on which essentially natural reefs can be grown. This technology was an effect of the steel frame, electricity and sea-water reaction. A low voltage of electric current is passed through the frame allowing the conduction of electrolysis which causes sea water mineral like; calcium bicarbonate and magnesium hydroxide to accumulate on the surface of the steel bar frame. This technology accelerates coral growth but is very expensive and none economic-massive methodology.
In year 1997-2001, Dr. Austin Bowden-Kerby introduced a coral transplantation modeled after natural fragmentation processes utilizing unattached small coral fragments for transplantation of exotic species for coral aquarium trade in Solomon
1
Islands. Planting corals for climate change and sea level rise adaptation: Incorporating a reef restoration into community based resources management. This study promotes community appropriate solutions for mitigating the effects of climate change on coral reefs and shorelines. Considerable research on these potentials is justified, as few proactive solutions to climate change impact exist.
US Patent No. 5,836,265 issued on November 17, 1998 discloses the method and apparatus for producing artificial reef modules, which can be deposited on the ocean floor for permitting growth of coral and other marine growth thereon. In the Philippines, Dr. Thomas Heeger and Dr. Filipina Soto from the
University of San Carlos, Cebu City established a coral farming through community- based program. They used fragmentation method of utilizing a small piece of
limestone (Mactan stone) as substrates for growing corals (Asia Aquaculture, 2002).
However, ocean current and sand movement at the bottom of the ocean floors tend to move and vary making it hard to monitor the coral fragment.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an effective and inexpensive method and device for the propagation and establishment of coral nurseries.
Another object of the present invention is to provide massive restoration of the damaged coral reefs utilizing large coral clones that are made readily available from the coral nurseries established. Still another object is to provide method and device for the propagation and restoration of corals using A-LEGGED concrete substrates that will serve as habitat for fishes and other marine growth.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be highly appreciated and be easily understood upon reading the detailed description taken in conjunction with the appended drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the device used in the present method of propagation and establishment of coral nurseries.
Figure 2 is an end view of the present device. Figure 3 is another end view shown with the coral growth. Figure 4 is the comparative graphs of the growth rate increments in terms of coral colony height (CCH) for the donor corals, transplanted coral clones, and the natural corals.
Figure 5 is the comparative graphs of the growth rate increments in terms of coral colony width (CCW) for the donor corals, transplanted coral clones, and the natural corals.
Figure 6 is the comparative graphs of the growth rate increments in terms of coral colony branch length (CBL) for the donor corals, transplanted coral clones, and the natural corals.
Figure 7 is the comparative graphs of the growth rate increments in terms of coral colony branch diameter (CBD) for the donor corals, transplanted coral clones, and the natural corals.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings in Figure 1, there is shown the present device generally designated as reference numeral 11, wherein same reference numeral designates same parts throughout. Said device is being defined by a generally A shaped leg members 12 having a centrally disposed aperture 13. A beam 14 is force fitted aperture 13 forming thereby a stable structure that can be placed in the desired location, degraded coral reefs or sea bed. The beam 14 is further provided with a plurality of pockets 15 spacedly disposed on top of the said beam 14, wherein coral clones can be securely placed therein. The present device is made of concrete and reinforced with steel bars or bamboo.
The present method of coral propagation and establishment of coral nurseries comprises the steps of: a) providing a fabricated coral concrete device with pockets as substrates; b) installing the coral substrates device to the desired location, degraded coral reefs or sea bed of about 0.5 to 1.5 meter apart using air bag floater and bamboo raft carrier towed to the site by motorized seacraft; c) collecting wild donor coral colony of mostly Acroporadae family such as Acropora yongie, Acropora robusta, Acropora valencenensis, Acropora formusa, Tubastraea micrantha, Acropora nobilis and other coral species and extracting of coral fragments ranging from 10% to 15% of the total donor coral cover; d) acclimatizing coral fragments in fabricated cradles for at least two (2) days; e) planting the coral clones into the concrete substrates device; f) fixing the planted coral clones with underwater concrete mix or concrete putty that serves as holding material; and
g) harvesting the grown corals for massive transplantation of large coral clones into the substrates device placed on sites that need rehabilitation or coral establishment.
Transplantation site was purposely chosen to be contiguous to the donor site to minirnize seedling stress from transport of the fragments taken from donor corals. This strategy also allows for controls on the water parameters, e.g., similar salinity and others.
The size ranges of the large coral clones planted are from 16 cm to 24 cm in height and 15 cm to 20 cm by width.
Coral clones are planted by inserting them into prefabricated pockets 15 along the beam 14. Planting of clones underwater is fixed by the use of concrete mix or putty that serves as the holding or bonding material. Growing of coral clones within the device 11 takes 1 Vi to 2 years to harvest for out planting. Massive coral out planting is undertaken in a span of 1 Vi to 2 years, the outplanted corals can also be harvested as source of coral clones if needed. Harvested coral clones are transplanted at the rehabilitation sites using similar device 11. The use of large-sized coral clones assures a faster growth and area coverage as well as better survival compared to smaller-sized clones. The same underwater planting procedures are applied for both planting in the nurseries and massive out planting.
Monitoring of the coral growth is done periodically. Results of the monitoring show very encouraging coral growth increments of the transplanted coral clones and donor corals. Results show that increased biodiversity, in terms of both abundance and species of fish and other invertebrates. It has been observed that the relatively higher growth increments of corals are due to the following: a) the sites are high in nutrients from fresh water upwelling b) due to the relative isolation of the transplanted coral clones, competition on nutrients had been minimized leading to their faster development. The results, therefore, show that massive restorations of coral reefs are possible on similar areas like the project site. Tables 1-8 illustrate growth comparisons among experimental variables: natural corals (control), donor corals, and transplanted coral clones (treatment) of different Acropora species, measured in terms of CCH - coral colony height (in
centimeters or cm), CCW - coral colony width (in cm), CBL - coral branch length (in cm), and CBD - coral branch diameter (in millimeters or mm). D column refers to the growth of donor corals, T column, transplanted coral clones and N column, natural corals.
Table 1. Bi-monthly growth comparison among experimental variables; natural corals, donor corals, and transplanted coral clones of Acropora yongie (coral spl).
Table 2. Bi-monthly growth comparison among experimental variables; natural corals, donor corals, and transplanted coral clones of Acropora robusta (coral sp2).
Table 3. Bi-monthly growth comparison among experimental variables; natural corals, donor corals, and transplanted coral clones of Acropora valencenensis (coral sp3).
Table 5. Bi-monthly growth comparison among experimental variables; natural corals, donor corals, and transplanted coral clones of Acropora unknown specie (coral sp5).
Table 6. Bi-monthly growth comparison among experimental variables; natural corals, donor corals, and transplanted coral clones of Tubastraea micrantha (coral sp6).
Table 7. Bi-monthly growth comparison among experimental variables; natural corals, donor corals, and transplanted coral clones of Acropora nobilis (coral sp7).
Table 9 shows the summary of the average values of the six (6) sampling results taken from eight (8) different Acropora species as illustrated in Tables 1-8 above. Table 9. Coral Growth Comparison
Table 9.1 below illustrates the percentage growth rates of the experimental variables: donor corals (D column), transplanted coral clones (T column) and natural corals (N column), from the initial sampling, calculated using the data in Table 9 above. '
Table 9.1 Comparison of the Percentage Growth Rates
For the donor corals (D column), the CCH shows a growth rate increment of
4.49-22.43%; CCW, 0.65-3.30%; CBL, 30.75-152.16%; and CBD, 2.19-11.61%. For the transplanted coral clones (T column), the CCH shows a growth rate increment of 10.08-47.26%; CCW, 7.46-34.24%) CBL, 25.45-169.42%; and CBD, 26.07-112.37%. For the
natural corals (N column), the CCH shows a growth rate increment of 5.07-27.33%; CCW, 1.04-5.28%; CBL, 31.29-157.14%; and CBD, 1.57-8.26%.
AU the above experimental variables have increasing growth increments with time. However, what is encouraging is the relatively higher growth rate increments observed for the transplanted coral clones. The initial accelerated growth of transplanted coral clones compared to donor and natural corals is a trend of widening progression and will peak at suαh time that the transplanted coral cover is maximized leading to nutrient competition.
These encouraging coral growth rates indicate that the present method and device is effective in restoring damaged coral reef environment and marine life in specific areas in the country and other parts of the world with similar environment and conditions like the project site.
The transplanted corals research has now become one of the tourists' attractions in the area. The present technology is now a good source of income for fishermen and the immediate community. Aside from their usual fishing work, they become guides for snorkeling and scuba diving, and operatee glass bottom boats and other sea crafts.
Even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of the invention, the disclosure is illustrative only and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of shape, size and arrangement of parts within the principles of the invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.
Claims
1. A device for coral propagation and establishment of coral nurseries having a beam body with a number of A-shaped leg members being provided with an aperture disposed on central portion thereof wherein said beam body is force-fitted thereto.
2. A device according to claim 1 wherein said device is made of concrete materials with steel or bamboo as reinforcement.
3. A method of propagating corals and establishing coral nurseries, which comprise the steps of: a) providing a fabricated coral concrete substrate device with a plurality of pockets; b) towing substrates on bamboo raft carriers by motorized seacraft to the transplantation site and using air bag floaters for installing the coral device to the desired location being 0.5 to 1.5 meter apart; c) collecting fragments from wild donor coral colonies such as Acropora yongie, Acropora robusta, Acropora valencenensis, Acropora formusa, Tύbastraβa micrantha, Acropora nobilis and other species. The extraction of coral fragments ranging from 10% to 15% of the total coral cover; d) acclimatizing coral fragments in fabricated cradles for at least two (2) days; e) planting the coral clones into the pockets of concrete substrates device; f) fixing the planted coral clones with underwater concrete mix or concrete putty that serves as holding material; and g) harvesting the grown corals for massive transplantation of large coral clones into the substrates device placed on the sites that need rehabilitation and coral establishment.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PH1-2006-000235 | 2006-04-25 | ||
| PH12006000235 | 2006-04-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007123429A2 true WO2007123429A2 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
| WO2007123429A3 WO2007123429A3 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
Family
ID=38625435
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PH2007/000006 WO2007123429A2 (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2007-04-24 | Method and device for coral propagation and establishment of coral nurseries |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2007123429A2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102077809A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-06-01 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Method for cultivating new coral samples in indoor coral culture for scientific researches |
| WO2019038704A1 (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-28 | Behivoke Faustinato | Artificial reef made from dead hard coral debris |
| CN113142102A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Site selection and planting method and device for establishing deepwater coral submarine culture farm |
| JP6980215B1 (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-12-15 | いであ株式会社 | How to attract coral larvae |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5122015A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-06-16 | Shen Chen J | Construction assembly |
| US5215406A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1993-06-01 | Hudson J Harold | Artificial ocean reef module and method of module construction |
| US6186702B1 (en) * | 1998-03-14 | 2001-02-13 | Michael Scott Bartkowski | Artificial reef |
-
2007
- 2007-04-24 WO PCT/PH2007/000006 patent/WO2007123429A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5122015A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-06-16 | Shen Chen J | Construction assembly |
| US5215406A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1993-06-01 | Hudson J Harold | Artificial ocean reef module and method of module construction |
| US6186702B1 (en) * | 1998-03-14 | 2001-02-13 | Michael Scott Bartkowski | Artificial reef |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102077809A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-06-01 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Method for cultivating new coral samples in indoor coral culture for scientific researches |
| WO2019038704A1 (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-28 | Behivoke Faustinato | Artificial reef made from dead hard coral debris |
| JP6980215B1 (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-12-15 | いであ株式会社 | How to attract coral larvae |
| CN113142102A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Site selection and planting method and device for establishing deepwater coral submarine culture farm |
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