WO2007109933A1 - Chaudière tubulaire - Google Patents

Chaudière tubulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007109933A1
WO2007109933A1 PCT/CN2006/002355 CN2006002355W WO2007109933A1 WO 2007109933 A1 WO2007109933 A1 WO 2007109933A1 CN 2006002355 W CN2006002355 W CN 2006002355W WO 2007109933 A1 WO2007109933 A1 WO 2007109933A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tubular
heat exchange
medium
combustion chamber
chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2006/002355
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Quan Wang
Original Assignee
Quan Wang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Quan Wang filed Critical Quan Wang
Publication of WO2007109933A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007109933A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/44—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups F24H1/24 - F24H1/40 , e.g. boilers having a combination of features covered by F24H1/24 - F24H1/40

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating furnace widely used in industry and 'civil heating, providing hot water or steam, and heating petroleum or other chemical liquid products, and more particularly to a tubular heating furnace. Background technique
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a more efficient, safe and efficient tubular heating furnace for the deficiencies of existing boilers and furnaces.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a tubular heat medium heating furnace comprising such a tubular heating furnace as a main component.
  • the so-called tube furnace of the present invention is such a furnace which looks like a tube which uses an existing fuel or gas burner to fuel various types of fuel or gas. It is also possible to use a special coal-fired burner.
  • the basic design philosophy is: Select the tube-type combustion chamber to meet the burner's working and installation conditions, so the smaller the diameter, the better.
  • the tubular furnace body is also selected to meet the working requirements, and the smaller the annular space formed by the tubular combustion chamber, the better. In short, it is to make the furnace body as long as possible. This is the key to improving thermal efficiency and reducing manufacturing costs. If it is inconvenient to use or the venue is not allowed, you can also fold it into two or more sections to install it.
  • the tubular heating furnace of the present invention comprises a tubular furnace body and is installed In the tubular combustion chamber inside the tubular furnace body, one end of the tubular combustion chamber is a combustion chamber inlet, and the other end is a smoke exhaust port, between the tubular furnace body and the ends of the tubular combustion chamber Separately connected, the cavity between the tubular combustion chamber and the tubular furnace body forms a heat exchange chamber, and a heat medium outlet is arranged on the wall of the tubular furnace body near the inlet of the combustion chamber, near the row
  • the tubular furnace body wall of the mouthpiece is provided with a heated medium inlet, and a plurality of sets of baffles are arranged in the longitudinal direction in the heat exchange chamber.
  • the total length of the tubular furnace body is generally 6-40 times of its diameter, which not only improves the thermal efficiency but also reduces the manufacturing cost.
  • Each set of baffle means comprises two notched ring-shaped annular steel plates which are opposite to each other and which can be welded to the outer pipe wall of the tubular combustion chamber.
  • the sealed connection between the tubular furnace body and the tubular combustion chamber is sealed by a seal.
  • the furnace body is sealed and connected to the exhaust pipe by an elastic sealing device.
  • the elastic sealing device is an elastic sealing disk or a sealed telescopic sleeve disposed between the pipe wall and the tubular furnace body at the exhaust port, and the elastic sealing disk passes through the tubular furnace body and the exhaust vent The flanges of the welded joints on the pipe wall are fixed.
  • the tubular furnace body and the tubular combustion chamber are welded by a metal seal.
  • the inlet of the combustion chamber of the tubular heating furnace of the present invention is fixedly connected with the burner (such as a flange fixed installation), and the exhaust fan end can be connected with a centrifugal fan.
  • a section of the tubular heating furnace of the present invention abutting the inlet of the combustion chamber is a high temperature tubular combustion chamber, and a cavity between the high temperature tubular combustion chamber and the tubular furnace body forms a high temperature heat exchange chamber, and the high temperature combustion
  • the inner part maintains a relatively complete tubular cavity
  • the outer wall of the pipe wall is provided with a heat exchange device, and the heat exchange device may be a heat exchange tube or a heat sink, and may also be other heat dissipating parts capable of heat exchange. .
  • the combustion chamber and the heat exchange chamber of the present invention are divided into two or more sections, the first section is close to the inlet end of the combustion chamber, and is a high temperature combustion chamber and a high temperature heat exchange chamber, and the rest are medium and low temperature combustion chambers and medium and low temperature chambers. Heat exchange chamber. '
  • each cross section of the medium-low temperature tubular combustion chamber runs through a single or multiple spoiler heat exchange straight tubes, along the a plurality of rows of spoiler heat exchange straight tubes are formed in the longitudinal direction of the tubular combustion chamber, and are arranged in an order; a cavity between the tubular furnace body and the medium and low temperature tubular combustion chamber and an interference with the cavity
  • the inner tube cavity of the straight tube is formed by heat exchange, and a medium-low temperature heat exchange chamber is formed.
  • the outer wall of the turbulent heat exchange straight pipe and the outer wall of the tubular combustion chamber may be closed welded.
  • the medium-low temperature tubular combustion chamber may also be composed of two or more thin tubes arranged in the axial direction, and two ends of the two or more thin tubes are respectively welded on the circular flower steel plate, and the circular flower plates at both ends are welded separately.
  • a plurality of baffle heat exchange devices are installed outside the thin tube and in the heat exchange chamber, and a baffle heat exchange device is formed by each of the two notched baffle heat exchange plates, and the baffle heat exchange flower plate and the thin tube are External pipe wall welding.
  • the cavity between the tubular furnace body and the outer wall of the two or more thin tubes can form a medium-low temperature heat exchange chamber.
  • the medium-low temperature tubular combustion chamber and the medium-low temperature heat exchange chamber may also include the above two forms, that is, one section: each cross section of the tubular combustion chamber composed of one thick pipe runs through the single
  • the root or the plurality of spoiler heat exchange straight tubes form a plurality of rows of spoiler heat exchange straight tubes in the longitudinal direction of the tube type combustion chamber, and are arranged in an orderly manner.
  • a cavity between the tubular furnace body and the medium temperature tubular combustion chamber and a spoiler that communicates with the cavity heat exchange heat exchange tube forms a heat exchange chamber, which may also be referred to as a medium temperature change Hot room.
  • the other section is:
  • the tubular combustion chamber is composed of two or more thin tubes arranged in the axial direction.
  • the two ends of the two or more thin tubes are respectively welded on the circular flower steel plate, and the circular flower plates at both ends are welded separately.
  • a plurality of baffle heat exchange devices are installed outside the thin tube and the heat exchange chamber, and a baffle heat exchange device is formed by each of the two notched baffle heat exchange plates, and the baffle heat exchange flower plate and the thin tube welding even.
  • the cavity between the tubular furnace body and the outer wall of the two or more thin tubes forms a heat exchange chamber, which may be referred to as a low temperature heat exchange chamber.
  • the tubular heating furnace of the present invention can also be connected to a tubular heat exchanger for a place with high safety requirements or for heat treatment of petroleum and flammable and explosive chemical liquid products.
  • the tubular furnace is directly Heating the heat transfer medium, the heat transfer medium transfers the heat* to the heated medium in the tubular heat exchanger.
  • the specific structure is that the tubular heating furnace is combined with a tubular heat exchanger of substantially the same length.
  • the tubular heating furnace is connected to the heat medium inlet of the tubular heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger medium outlet of the tubular heat exchanger is passed.
  • the tubular pump is connected to the tubular heating furnace by a heat medium inlet, and is filled with a heat medium in the heat medium chamber of the tube furnace and the heat medium chamber of the tube heat exchanger and the pipeline connecting them, and is disposed and tubular in the upper part of the system.
  • the heat transfer medium expansion tank and the breathing valve communicated with the heat exchange chamber of the heating furnace form a tubular heat medium heating furnace.
  • the tubular heating furnace of the present invention can directly interact with the high temperature heat exchange chamber and the medium and low temperature heat exchange chamber
  • the furnace body is the same metal tube; the high temperature heat exchange chamber and the medium and low temperature heat exchange chamber can also be independent of each other, and the inner diameters of the furnace bodies can be the same or different, but the wall thickness is different, and the high temperature section wall is more thick.
  • the high temperature heat exchange chamber and the medium and low temperature heat exchange chamber are separated, and the high temperature tubular combustion chamber and the medium and low temperature tubular combustion chamber are straight through.
  • a heat medium outlet is arranged on the wall of the furnace body near the high temperature heat exchange chamber in the medium and low temperature heat exchange chamber, and a heat medium inlet is arranged on the furnace body wall in the high temperature heat exchange chamber near the medium and low temperature heat exchange chamber.
  • the high temperature tubular combustion chamber and the medium and low temperature tubular combustion chamber are also made of two metal tubes of different wall thicknesses, and the wall of the high temperature tubular combustion chamber is thicker.
  • the high temperature tubular combustion chamber and the medium and low temperature tubular combustion chamber are directly butt welded, and the medium and low temperature tubular furnace body and the high temperature tubular furnace body are welded with the metal sealing between the high temperature tubular combustion chamber. This constitutes a tubular high temperature and high pressure furnace.
  • Pressure pump During operation, between the heated medium outlet on the wall of the furnace body near the high temperature heat exchange chamber in the medium and low temperature heat exchange chamber and the heated medium inlet on the wall of the furnace body near the medium and low temperature heat exchange chamber in the high temperature heat exchange chamber, Pressure pump.
  • the tubular heating furnace of the present invention can also be specially used for steam production, and the basic structure is the same as the tubular high temperature and high pressure heating furnace. The difference is that the tubular furnace body and the tubular combustion chamber of the high temperature and high pressure section are eccentric and convenient. The need for hot water vaporization.
  • the furnace body and the combustion chamber are both tubular and the furnace body is elongated, so that the combustion gas and the heating medium have a high flow velocity, and the large flow direction is opposite;
  • Unique combustion chamber setting reasonable setting for high-temperature combustion radiation, conduction heat transfer and medium-low temperature flue gas convection and conduction heat transfer; plus the function of multiple baffles in the heat exchange chamber, even in the heat exchange room
  • With a significant temperature gradient in the longitudinal direction the temperature gradient of the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber to the flue gas discharge from the combustion chamber inlet to the exhaust vent is matched and reinforced, thereby greatly reducing the exhaust gas temperature;
  • the overall thermal efficiency of the furnace is 5-10% higher than existing furnaces or boilers.
  • the tubular heating furnace of the invention can be formed into various forms such as a tubular high-temperature high-pressure heating furnace, a tubular steam generating furnace, a tubular heat-conducting medium heating furnace, etc. according to actual needs; in addition, the manufacturing process of the invention is simple, and the manufacturing cost is It is much lower than existing boilers or furnaces and has improved safety.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of a tubular heating furnace according to the present invention
  • the L3 section is a high temperature combustion and heat exchange chamber, and the L2 and L1 sections are medium and low temperature combustion and heat exchange chambers.
  • Figure 1-1 is a cross-sectional view along the line A-A of Embodiment 1 of the tubular heating furnace of the present invention
  • Figure 1-2 is a cross-sectional view showing the ⁇ '- ⁇ ' of the tubular heating furnace of the present invention
  • 1-3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the BB-1 of the tubular heating furnace of the present invention
  • 1-4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the B-B-2 of the tubular heating furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 1-5 is a cross-sectional view showing the C-C of the tubular heating furnace of the present invention.
  • 1-6 is a schematic view showing a ⁇ -sectional view of a tubular heating furnace according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a D-D of a tubular heating furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the elastic sealing device of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a working principle diagram of the tubular heating furnace of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the tubular heating furnace according to the present invention.
  • the L3 section is a high temperature combustion and heat exchange chamber, and the L2 section is a medium and low temperature combustion and heat exchange chamber;
  • Figure 5 is a working principle diagram of a tubular atmospheric heat conduction coal heating furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of a tubular high temperature and high pressure heating furnace of the present invention.
  • Section 1 is the high temperature and high pressure section, and L2 and L1 sections are the low temperature and low pressure sections;
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of a tubular steam furnace of the present invention.
  • the L1 and L2 sections are water heating sections, and the L3 section is a steam generating section;
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 8.
  • Elastic sealing device 2 exhaust pipe 3 tubular furnace
  • High temperature and high pressure tubular furnace body 3 high temperature steam generator furnace body 4 baffling heat exchange flower plate thin tube 6 flower steel plate 7 spoiler heat exchange straight pipe notched annular steel plate 9, tubular combustion chamber 9' high temperature and high pressure tubular combustion chamber Heat exchange chamber 10' high temperature and high pressure heat exchange chamber 10 ⁇ high temperature steam generating chamber heat exchange tube 12, 12' heated medium outlet 13 combustion chamber inlet
  • Temperature sensor 24 signal and power line 25 tube pump
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of a tubular heating furnace according to the present invention; as shown in FIG. 1, the tubular heating furnace includes a tubular furnace body 3, and a tubular combustion chamber 3 is internally provided with a tubular combustion chamber 9 and The low temperature combustion chamber in which the thin tubes 5 are juxtaposed, one end of the tubular combustion chamber is the combustion chamber inlet 13, the other end of the combustion chamber is the exhaust port, the cavity between the combustion chamber and the tubular furnace body 3, and the spoiler heat exchange
  • the inner tube of the straight tube 7 constitutes the heat exchange chamber 10, the wall of the tubular furnace body 3 near the inlet 13 of the combustion chamber is provided with a heated medium outlet 12, and the wall of the tubular furnace body 3 adjacent to the exhaust pipe 2 is provided.
  • Heat medium inlet 14 The total length of the tubular furnace body 3 is about 25 times its diameter.
  • the tubular furnace body 3 and the tubular combustion chamber 9 are welded and sealed by a common steel seal, at the end of the exhaust pipe 2, and the tubular furnace body 3 and the exhaust pipe 2 are elastically sealed.
  • Device 1 is sealed.
  • the outer wall of the tubular furnace body 3 is also provided with a pressure relief valve 21 (see Fig. 3).
  • the burner is flanged to the combustion chamber inlet 13, and the flame is sprayed inside the combustion chamber during operation.
  • the annular space between the combustion chamber 9 and the tubular furnace body 3 is the heat exchange chamber 10, and the heat exchange chamber 10 has a heat medium.
  • the combustion chamber 9 and the heat exchange chamber 10 are divided into three sections: The first section is close to the burner end, that is, close to the combustion chamber inlet 13 end (L3 section), which is a high temperature combustion chamber and high temperature heat exchange. Room, the inside of the high temperature combustion chamber maintains a relatively complete tubular cavity, and a heat exchange device 11 is installed outside the section, and the heat exchange device 11 can be a heat exchange tube (shown in Fig.
  • each set of baffles comprises two notched annular steel plates 8 which are opposite to each other and which can be welded to the outer wall of the tubular combustion chamber 9.
  • the function of the baffle device is: 1.
  • the heat exchange chamber 10 is forcibly divided into several different temperature zones. 2. Forced to change the flow direction of the heated medium and conform to the natural convection heat transfer. That is, the heated medium enters the baffle from the upper part of the upper small heat exchange chamber, and then enters the next small heat exchange chamber from the lower part of the baffle (the two baffles can be regarded as a small heat exchange chamber, each The channel baffle consists of two notched annular steel plates, as shown in Figures 1-5 and 1-6). 3.
  • the application of the baffle can not only form a temperature gradient but also greatly improve the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the second section is the L2 section of the medium-low temperature combustion chamber and the medium-low temperature combustion chamber.
  • a turbulent heat exchange straight pipe 7 is inserted through the medium-low temperature tubular combustion chamber, and each cross section of the section is required as needed.
  • the cross section runs through a single or multiple spoiler heat exchange straight tubes, and a plurality of rows of spoiler heat exchange straight tubes are formed longitudinally and arranged in an orderly manner (see FIGS. 1-3 and 1-4).
  • a heat exchange member may be added to the wall of the tubular combustion chamber to increase the heat exchange area; the cavity between the tubular furnace body and the tubular medium temperature combustion chamber and the spoiler heat exchange therebetween
  • the inner tube of the straight tube together constitutes the L2 section heat exchange chamber (also referred to as the medium temperature heat exchange chamber).
  • a plurality of baffles 8 are also installed in this section of the heat exchange chamber.
  • Each baffle is also composed of two notched annular steel plates (see Figures 1-5 and Figures 1-6) as well as the high temperature heat exchange chambers. Their function is the same.
  • a slidable righting device is arranged between the combustion chamber and the furnace body.
  • the third section is the L1 section of the medium-low temperature combustion chamber and the medium-low temperature combustion chamber, which is formed by juxtaposing a plurality of axially thin tubes 5, and the plurality of thin tubes 5 are connected to the combustion chamber of the L2 section through the flower steel plate 6, and the combustion gas is from These thin tubes pass through, thereby more fully exchanging heat with the heat medium, and finally these thin tubes 5 are merged into a thin tube through the flower steel plate 6 to the exhaust pipe 2.
  • the cavity between the tubular furnace body 3 and the outer wall of the 'two or more thin tubes 5' constitutes an L1 section heat exchange chamber (also referred to as a low temperature heat exchange chamber).
  • a multi-channel baffle heat exchange device is installed in the low-temperature heat exchange chamber, and each baffle heat exchange device is composed of two baffle heat transfer plates (see FIG. 1-1 and FIG. 1-2), which It not only increases the heat exchange area but also acts as a baffle.
  • a slidable centering device is also provided between the combustion chamber and the furnace body in this section. ⁇
  • the tubular furnace body 3 is a steel pipe, and the tubular combustion chamber 9 can also be considered as a steel pipe. They have a temperature difference during operation, so there is a difference in thermal expansion variation in length. The expansion force is very large and special treatment is made for this, which is a low-cost, safe and reliable innovation.
  • This is the elastic sealing device 1 (see Fig. 2). It seals the furnace body 3 and the exhaust pipe 2 through the elastic sealing disk 17.
  • the elastic sealing disk 17 is connected and fixed by flanges 16 and 18 welded on the pipe wall of the tubular furnace body 3 and the exhaust pipe 2, and the outer flange 15 and the flange 16 welded to the furnace body are externally pressed.
  • a sealing device such as a telescopic sleeve, is used to seal the furnace body and the exhaust pipe. At the other end of the furnace body (near the combustion chamber inlet 13), the furnace body 3 and the tubular combustor inlet are welded and sealed using a conventional metal seal.
  • the slidable righting device disposed between the tubular combustion chamber and the tubular furnace body in the medium-low temperature heat exchange chamber mentioned above is operated in conjunction with the elastic sealing device 1.
  • Each of the centralizing devices is composed of two or more supporting claws fixed to the tubular combustion chamber, and the head of the supporting claw is provided with a roller or an alloy head. This avoids buckling of the tubular furnace during operation, hard mechanical friction between the heat exchange device and the furnace body, and eliminates abnormal noise.
  • Embodiment 2 of the tubular heating furnace is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the tubular heating furnace; as shown in FIG. 4, in the practical application, the tubular furnace can also adopt only two-stage combustion chamber structure, and the first section is close to the burner end, that is, close to
  • the combustion chamber inlet 13-end is a high-temperature combustion chamber and a high-temperature heat exchange chamber (L3 section), and the other section is a medium-low temperature combustion chamber and a heat exchange chamber (L2 section), and the structure is formed in the same manner as the L2 section in the first embodiment.
  • This application in small tube furnaces can further reduce manufacturing costs.
  • This embodiment is another structure having only two combustion chambers and a heat exchange chamber: the first stage is close to the burner end, that is, close to the inlet end of the combustion chamber, which is a high temperature combustion chamber and a high temperature heat exchange chamber, and Embodiment 1
  • the structure is the same and will not be described in detail.
  • the medium-low temperature combustion chamber described in the second paragraph is composed of two or more thin tubes 5 arranged in the axial direction to form between the tubular furnace body 3 and the outer wall of two or more thin tubes 5.
  • the cavity constitutes a medium-low temperature heat exchange chamber.
  • the specific structure is as shown in Fig. 1, and the L2 section of the medium-low temperature combustion chamber and the medium-low temperature heat exchange chamber is removed, leaving only the L3 and L1 sections.
  • the total length of the tubular furnace body 3 is about 12 times its diameter.
  • the tubular furnace is not as short and thick as the ordinary boiler or the heating furnace, and it is like a long pipe.
  • the tubular furnace body has a diameter of 480 mm and a wall thickness of 10 mm.
  • the furnace body is about 12m long.
  • the working pressure is 0.5-2.5Mp.
  • the tubular furnace is slender and the combustion chamber is slender, so the flow rate of the combustion gas and the heated medium are relatively fast; and because the flow direction of the combustion gas and the heated medium are opposite; plus the combustion chamber and the heat exchange chamber are reasonable.
  • the baffle device especially the baffle heat exchanger plate and the notched annular steel plate, is provided in the heat exchange chamber, and the combustion gas is turbulent in the combustion chamber and the heat medium in the heat exchange chamber. High speed flow; thus The extremely high heat exchange efficiency is achieved and a significant temperature gradient is formed in the tubular furnace body, and the exhaust gas temperature is greatly reduced compared with the existing heating furnace or boiler, and the comprehensive thermal efficiency is improved.
  • the exhaust temperature of the tube furnace will be lower than 90 degrees Celsius. If the inlet temperature of the heated medium is 15 degrees Celsius and the outlet temperature is 65 degrees Celsius (for hotels, the Luoluo Center and the public provides hot water), the exhaust gas temperature will be lower than 50 degrees Celsius. Such thermal efficiency is other existing boilers or heating. The furnace could not be reached.
  • FIG. 3 is a working principle diagram of the tubular heating furnace of the present invention.
  • the working principle of the above tubular heating furnace is: a heated medium enters the low temperature heat exchange chamber in the furnace body 3 from the heat medium inlet 14 in the pump Under the action of pressure, the low-temperature heat exchange chamber is pushed from the low-temperature heat exchange chamber to the high-temperature heat exchange chamber step by step, and is heated step by step and then flows out from the heated medium outlet 12 at the outlet.
  • the temperature sensor 23 and the pressure sensor 22 transmit the temperature of the outlet of the heated medium and the pressure signal in the furnace to the monitoring control cabinet.
  • the control system automatically adjusts the firepower of the combustion system and The exhaust air volume of the centrifugal fan keeps the outlet temperature of the heated medium substantially at a set value.
  • the pressure control system is used to ensure the safe operation of the heating furnace.
  • the control system automatically cuts off the fuel supply and Alarm, safety relief valve is an auxiliary safety component. Because of the obvious temperature gradient in the furnace of the tube furnace, the exhaust gas temperature can be reduced by 50-100 degrees Celsius compared with the exhaust gas temperature of various existing boilers, and the thermal efficiency is greatly improved.
  • Both the furnace body of the tubular furnace and the tubular combustion chamber can be directly selected from ready-made boiler tubes.
  • the manufacture of tube furnaces does not require a large number of large-scale equipment, and the process is relatively simple, which can reduce the manufacturing cost of existing boilers by more than 50%.
  • the design of the elastic joint seal of the furnace body and the exhaust pipe at the low temperature end of the tube furnace is the key to the establishment of the working principle of the tube furnace under low manufacturing cost.
  • Fig. 5 is a working principle diagram of a tubular atmospheric heat conduction coal heating furnace of the present embodiment; the tubular heat medium heating furnace is suitable for heating a place with high safety requirements or for petroleum and flammable and explosive chemical liquid products.
  • the tubular heating furnace is combined with a tubular heat exchanger of substantially the same length.
  • the tubular heating furnace is connected to the heat medium inlet of the tubular heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger outlet of the tubular heat exchanger is passed through the tubular pump.
  • the heat source medium and the pipeline connecting them are filled with a heat medium, and the tube furnace directly heats the heat medium, and the heat medium exchanges heat in the tube heat exchanger 32 to the heat medium.
  • the furnace body is kept near normal pressure during operation.
  • the working flow is as follows: The heat medium is pressurized by the tube pump 25, and the line 26 leading from the outlet of the tube heat exchanger to the inlet of the tube furnace enters the tube heating furnace, and the heat medium is heated and then exits from the outlet of the tube furnace.
  • the line 27 leading to the inlet of the tubular heat exchanger via the tube furnace outlet enters the tubular heat exchanger 32, exchanging heat through the tubular heat exchange chamber to the heated medium flowing through the tubular heat exchanger 32 (petroleum or other flammable) After the explosive chemical liquid product or water), it exits from the tubular heat exchanger outlet 31, is pressurized by the tubular pump 25 and enters the inlet of the tubular heating furnace, thereby circulating.
  • the heated medium enters the tubular heat exchanger from the tubular heat exchanger inlet 30, and receives heat from the heat transfer medium through the tubular heat exchanger, and then flows out from the tubular heat exchanger outlet 31.
  • the upper portion of the tubular heating furnace and the tubular heat exchanger is further provided with a heat transfer medium expansion tank 28 communicating with the tubular heat exchanger, and a breathing valve 29 is also provided at the top.
  • the tubular heat transfer heating furnace not only has good safety near atmospheric pressure, but also has extremely high thermal efficiency, which is 5-10% higher than the thermal efficiency of the existing heat medium heating furnace.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a tubular high temperature and high pressure heating furnace of the present embodiment; as shown in FIG. 6, the tubular high temperature and high pressure heating furnace is a form of a tubular furnace, and the total length of the tubular furnace body 3 is about the diameter thereof. 30 times. It has basically the same structure as the tube furnace described in Embodiment 1, except that the high temperature combustion heat exchange section (L3 section) and the medium and low temperature flue gas heat exchange section (L2 and L1 sections) are divided into furnaces. In two stages, that is, the combustion chamber is continuous, and the heat exchange chamber is partitioned to accommodate different working pressures.
  • the L3 section is a high temperature and high pressure zone, while the L2 and L1 sections are low temperature and low pressure zones.
  • the combustion chamber and the furnace body in the high temperature and low temperature zones are each made of metal pipes of different wall thicknesses, and the wall of the high temperature section is thicker (as shown in Fig. 7).
  • a heat medium outlet is arranged on the wall of the furnace body near the high temperature heat exchange chamber in the medium and low temperature heat exchange chamber, and a heat medium inlet is arranged on the furnace body wall in the high temperature heat exchange chamber near the medium and low temperature heat exchange chamber.
  • the high temperature tubular combustion chamber and the medium temperature tubular combustion chamber are directly butt welded, and the medium and low temperature tubular furnace body and the high temperature tubular furnace body are welded with the metal seal between the high temperature tubular combustion chamber. This constitutes a tubular high temperature and high pressure furnace.
  • Pressure pump During operation, between the heated medium outlet on the wall of the furnace body near the high temperature heat exchange chamber in the medium and low temperature heat exchange chamber and the heated medium inlet on the wall of the furnace body near the medium and low temperature heat exchange chamber in the high temperature heat exchange chamber, Pressure pump.
  • the hot flame generated by the combustion of the burner in the L3 section radiates heat to the surrounding high-temperature and high-pressure tubular combustion chamber 9', which is then transmitted to the heated medium by the tubular combustion chamber and the heat exchange device.
  • the L3 section After the volume expansion of the high-temperature combustion gas, the L3 section rapidly flows to the L2 section and the heat is conducted to the heated medium through the spoiler heat exchange straight tube and the medium temperature combustion chamber wall.
  • the volume of the combustion gas at the end of the L2 section shrinks a lot and enters the L1 section.
  • the heat is further exchanged from the thin steel pipe and the baffled heat transfer plate to the heated medium.
  • the working principle of the tubular high-temperature high-pressure heating furnace is as follows:
  • the heat-receiving medium enters the tubular furnace from the heat-receiving medium inlet 14 and is gradually advanced from the L1 section to the L2 section, and is heated to exit the heat-receiving medium outlet 12 and enter the high-pressure pump.
  • the pressurized heat medium enters the high temperature and high pressure chamber L3 from the heat medium inlet 14' on the wall of the high temperature and high pressure tubular furnace body 3', and flows out from the heat medium outlet 12' through the high temperature and high pressure heat exchange chamber 10' after heat exchange.
  • This type of tube furnace has certain uses in industrial and civil applications.
  • FIG 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tubular steam furnace of the present embodiment; as shown in Figure 8, the tubular steam generator is another form of the tubular furnace, and it is basically the same as the tubular furnace described in the first embodiment.
  • the difference is the high temperature combustion heat exchange section (L3 section) and the medium and low temperature flue gas heat exchange section (L2 and L1 sections), the furnace body is also divided into two sections to adapt to different working pressures.
  • the L3 section is the high temperature and high pressure steam generation section, while the L2 and L1 sections are the low temperature and low pressure water heating sections.
  • the hot flame generated by the combustion of the burner in the L3 section radiates heat to the surrounding tubular combustion chamber 9' in the high temperature steam generating chamber 10, and is then conducted to the hot water by the tubular combustion chamber and the heat exchange device to be vaporized into steam. .
  • the high-temperature combustion gas expands and then flows from the L3 section to the L2 section rapidly, and the heat is conducted to the water through the spoiler heat exchange straight tube 7 and the medium temperature combustion chamber wall.
  • the volume of the combustion gas at the end of the L2 section has been large.
  • Shrinking, entering the L1 section further transfers heat from the thin steel tube 5 and the baffled heat transfer plate 4 to the water.
  • the working principle of the tubular steam furnace is as follows: The cool water enters the tubular furnace from the heat medium inlet 14 and is gradually advanced from the L1 section to the L2 section. After being heated, it exits from the heated medium outlet 12 and enters the hot water pressurizing pump. The pressurized hot water enters the steam generating chamber L3 from the heated medium inlet (hot water inlet) 14', and is heated to be supplied from the heated medium outlet (steam outlet) 12'.
  • the furnace body diameter of the high temperature steam generator 3'' of the L3 section of the tubular steam furnace is larger than the diameter of the tubular furnace body 3 of the L2 and L1 sections, and the high temperature steam of the L3 section occurs.
  • the furnace body 3" and the tubular combustion chamber 9 are eccentric (as shown in Figure 9) to meet the needs of vaporization.
  • tubular furnaces are an ideal substitute for existing boilers due to their extremely high thermal efficiency and low manufacturing cost, as well as high safety and environmental protection. Its wide application will bring great social benefits. Therefore, it has a good industrialization prospect. Industrial applicability
  • the furnace body and the combustion chamber are both tubular and the furnace body is slender, so that the combustion gas and the heated medium have high flow rates, and the large flow direction is opposite;
  • the combustion chamber setting is suitable for high-temperature combustion radiation, conduction heat transfer and medium-low temperature flue gas convection and conduction heat transfer; in addition, there are multiple baffling devices in the heat exchange chamber, so that in the heat exchange chamber There is a significant temperature gradient in the longitudinal direction, and the temperature gradient of the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber to the flue gas discharge from the combustion chamber inlet to the exhaust port is matched and strengthened, thereby greatly reducing the exhaust gas temperature;
  • the overall thermal efficiency of the furnace is 5-10% higher than existing furnaces or boilers.

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Description

管式加热炉 技术领域
本发明涉及一种广泛用于工业和'民用釆暖、 提供热水或蒸汽以及对石油 或其它化工液态品进行加热的加热炉， 特别涉及一种管式加热炉。 背景技术
现有的工业和民用锅炉及加热炉是广泛应用于提供采暖、 热水或蒸汽及 用于液态工业品加热的设备，因现有的锅炉和加热炉的燃烧工作机理所决定， 它.' fi的排烟温度都高于 150摄氏度， 蒸汽炉甚至高于 250摄氏度， 这样就使大 量能源被浪费， 而且传统的锅炉设计理念使得锅炉的耗钢和造价也较高， 因 此， 需要对现有的加热设备进行改进， 使能量转换更加完全， 并不断减低制 造成本。 目前现有使用各类燃烧器的加热炉是以火筒炉和水套炉为主， 它们 的共同特点是， 在工作时炉体内的导热媒或受热介质都处在自然对流换热的 状态下， 在一个较小的温度范围内， 在每一时刻甚至可以近似的认为是一个 等温体。 正是因为炉体内的导热媒或受热介质没有明显的温度梯度， 使得很 难进一步降低排烟温度。 另外它们的炉体短粗， 耗钢和制造成本也较高。 发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有锅炉和加热炉的不足， 提供一种更加高效、 安 全和制 '造成本低的管式加热炉。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种由这种管式加热炉为主要组件的管式导热 媒加热炉。
本发明所谓的管式炉就是这种加热炉看上去像一根管子,， 它采用现有的 燃油或燃气燃烧器， 以各类燃油或燃气为燃料。 也可以使用专门的以煤为燃 料的燃烧炉。 其基本设计理念是： 在满足燃烧器的工作和安装条件下， 选择 管式燃烧室， 以其直径越小越好。 选择管式炉体也是在满足工作要求下， 它 和管式燃烧室所形成的环形空间越小越好。 总之， 就是要让炉体越细长越好。 这是提高热效率和降低制造成本的关键。 如果在使用不便或场地不允许时， 也可以将其折为两段或几段来安装 ί吏用。
为了实现本发明目的， 本发明所述的管式加热炉， 包括管式炉体、 安装 在管式炉体内部的管式燃烧室， 所述管式燃烧室的一端为燃烧室入口、 另一 端为排烟口， 所述管式炉体和所述管式燃烧室的两端之间分别密封连接， 所 述管式燃烧室与管式炉体之间的空腔形成换热室， 在靠近所述燃烧室入口的 管式炉体壁上设有受热介质出口， 在靠近所述排烟口的管式炉体壁上设有受 热介质入口， 在所述换热室内沿纵向设置有多组折流装置。
其中， 所述管式炉体的总长度一般是其直径的 6-40倍， 这样不仅可以提 高热效率， 还可降低制造成本。
所述的每组折流装置包括两片缺口相背的缺口环形钢板， 可焊接在管式 燃烧室的外管壁上。
本发明管式加热炉中管式炉体和管式燃烧室两端的密封连接为封口封 连。 所述炉体通过弹性封口装置与排烟管密封相连。
所述的弹性封口装置为设于排烟口处的管壁和管式炉体之间的弹性封口 盘或密封伸缩套管， 所述的弹性封口盘通过在管式炉体和排烟口的管壁上各 焊连的法兰固定。
在燃烧室入口端管式炉体与管式燃烧室以金属封口焊连。
本发明所述的管式加热炉的燃烧室入口与燃烧器固定相连（如法兰固定 安装）， 排烟口端可以接装离心风机。
本发明管式加热炉紧靠燃烧室入口的一段为高温管式燃烧室， 所述高温 管式燃烧室与所述管式炉体之间的空腔形成高温换热室， 所述的高温燃烧室 内部保持较完整地管形空腔， 管壁外壁上加装换热装置， 所述的换热装置可 以为换热管， 也可以为散热片， 还可以为其它能够进行换热的散热件。
本发明所述的燃烧室和换热室分为两段或两段以上， 第一段紧靠燃烧室 入口一端， 为高温燃烧室和高温换热室， 其余的为中低温燃烧室和中低温换 热室。 '
所述高温管式燃烧室之后， 直至弹性封口装置的一段为中低温管式燃烧 室， 在中低温管式燃烧室的每一个横截面贯穿单根或多根扰流换热直管， 在 沿管式燃烧室的纵向上形成多排扰流换热直管， 并且有序排列； 所述管式炉 体与所述中低温管式燃烧室之间的空腔及与该空腔相通的扰流换热直管的内 管腔， 形成中低温换热室。 扰流换热直管的外壁与管式燃烧室的外壁可采用封闭焊连。
所述的中低温管式燃烧室也可以由轴向排列的两根以上的细管组成， 两 根以上细管的两端分别焊接在圆形花钢板上， 两头的圆形花钢板再分别焊接 在上一段管式燃烧室和排烟管上。 所述细管外、 换热室内加装多道折流换热 装置， 每两片缺口相背的折流换热花板形成一道折流换热装置， 折流换热花 板与细管的外管壁焊连。 所述管式炉体与两根以上的细管外壁之间的空腔可 形成中低温换热室。
当然， 本发明所述的中低温管式燃烧室和中低温换热室， 也可以包括上 述两种形式， 即一段为： 由一根粗管构成的管式燃烧室的每一个横截面贯穿 单根或多根扰流换热直管，在沿管式燃烧室的纵向上形成多排扰流换热直管， 并且有序排列。 所述管式炉体与所述中温管式燃烧室之间的空腔及与空腔相 通的扰流换热直管的内管腔， 形成一换热室， 也可将其称为中温换热室。 另 一段为是： 管式燃烧室由轴向排列的两根以上的细管组成， 两根以上细管的 两端分别焊接在圆形花钢板上， 两头的圆形花钢板再分别焊接在上一段管式 燃烧室和排烟管上。 所述细管外、 换热室内加装多道折流换热装置， 每两片 缺口相背的折流换热花板形成一道折流换热装置，折流换热花板与细管焊连。 所述管式炉体与两根以上的细管外壁之间的空腔形成一换热室， 可称为低温 换热室。
同时需要在中低温换热室内设置至少一个管式燃烧室与管式炉体之间的 可滑动扶正装置。
对于安全性要求较高场所， 或对石油及易燃易爆的化工液态品进行加热 处理时， 本发明所述的管式加热炉还可与一台管式换热器相连， 管式炉直接 对导热媒加热， 导热媒将热 *在管式换热器中换给受热介质。 具体结构是管 式加热炉与一台基本相同长度的管式换热器组合在一起， 管式加热炉受热介 质出口与管式换热器热源媒入口相连， 管式换热器热源媒出口通过管式泵与 管式加热炉受热介质入口相连， 在管式加热炉换热室和管式换热器的热源媒 室内及连通它们的管线中充满导热媒， 并在该系统上部设置与管式加热炉换 热室相通的导热媒膨胀罐及呼吸阀， 从而构成一台管式导热媒加热炉。
本发明的管式加热炉所述高温换热室和中低温换热室之间可以直接相 通， 炉体是同一根金属管； 高温换热室和中低温换热室之间也可以相互独立， 二者的炉体内径可相同或也可不同， 但壁厚不同， 高温段管壁更厚。 高温换 热室和中低温换热室之间是隔开的， 高温管式燃烧室和中低温管式燃烧室是 直通的。 在中低温换热室靠近高温换热室处的炉体壁上设有受热介质出口、 在高温换热室靠近中低温换热室处的炉体壁上设有受热介质入口。 高温管式 燃烧室和中低温管式燃烧室也是由两根不同壁厚的金属管制造， 高温管式燃 烧室的管壁更厚。 高温管式燃烧室和中低温管式燃烧室直接对接焊连， 中低 温管式炉体和高温管式炉体与高温管式燃烧室之间的金属封口相焊连。 这就 构成了管式高温高压加热炉。 工作时在中低温换热室靠近高温换热室处的炉 体壁上的受热介质出口与在高温换热室靠近中低温换热室处的炉体壁上的受 热介质入口之间还设置加压泵。
本发明所述的管式加热炉还可专门用于生产蒸汽， 基本结构同与管式高 温高压加热炉， 不同的是， 高温高压段的管式炉体和管式燃烧室是偏心的， 便于热水汽化的需要。
本发明所述的管式加热炉， 其炉体和燃烧室都釆用管式， 且炉体细长， 以致燃烧气体和受热介质都有较高的流速， 且大的流向相对； 又因其独特的 燃烧室设置， 针对高温燃烧辐射、 传导换热与中低温烟气对流、 传导换热分 别进行了合理的设置； 加之在换热室内有多道折流装置的作用， 以至在换热 室内在纵向上具有明显的的温度梯度， 在燃烧室内燃料燃烧到烟气排放从燃 烧室入口到排烟口的温度梯度得以吻合并被加强， 从而在很大程度上降低了 排烟温度； 使得管式炉的综合热效率比现有加热炉或锅炉高出 5-10%。 本发 明的管式加热炉可以根据实际需要， 制成管式高温高压加热炉、 管式蒸汽发 生炉、 管式导热媒加热炉等多种形式； 另外， 本发明的制造工艺也简单， 制 造成本较现有锅炉或加热炉低很多， 安全性有所提高。 附图说明
图 1为本发明所述管式加热炉实施例 1的结构示意图；
L3段为高温燃烧及换热室， L2和 L1段为中低温燃烧及换热室。
图 1-1为本发明所述管式加热炉实施例 1的 A-A剖视示意图；
图 1-2为本发明所述管式加热炉实施例 1的 Α' -Α'剖视示意图； 图 1-3为本发明所述管式加热炉实施例 1的 B-B-1剖视示意图;
图 1-4为本发明所述管式加热炉实施例 1的 B-B-2剖视示意图;
图 1-5为本发明所述管式加热炉实施例 1的 C-C剖视示意图；
图 1-6为本发明所述管式加热炉实施例 1的 σ - 剖视示意图;
图 1-7为本发明所述管式加热炉实施例 1的 D-D剖视示意图； 图 2为本发明的弹性封口装置的剖面图；
图 3为本发明所述管式加热炉的工作原理图；
图 4为本发明所述的管式加热炉实施例 2的结构示意图；
L3段为高温燃烧及换热室， L2段为中低温燃烧及换热室；
图 5为本发明的管式常压导热煤加热炉的工作原理图；
图 6为本发明的管式高温高压加热炉的结构示意图；
1 段为高温高压段， L2和 L1段为低温低压段；
图 7为图 6的 A-A剖视示意图；
图 8为本发明的管式蒸汽炉的结构示意图；
L1和 L2段为水加热段, L3段为蒸汽发生段;
图 9为图 8的 A-A剖视示意图。
其中：
弹性封口装置 2 排烟管 3 管式炉体
高温高压管式炉体 3 高温蒸汽发生炉的炉体 4折流换热花板 细管 6 花钢板 7扰流换热直管 缺口环形钢板 9、 管式燃烧室 9'高温高压管式燃烧室 换热室 10'高温高压换热室 10〃高温蒸汽发生室 换热管 12 , 12'受热介质出口 13 燃烧室入口
， 14' 受热介质入口 15 外压紧及扶正法兰 16焊接在炉体上的法兰 弹性封口盘 18焊接在排烟管上的法兰 19 内压紧法兰 螺栓 21 泄压安全阀 22压力传感器
温度传感器 24信号及电源线 25 管式泵
由管式换热器出口通向管式炉入口的管线
由管式炉出口通向管式换热器入口的管线 28 膨胀罐 29 呼吸阀 30管式换热器的受热介质入口
31管式换热器的受热介质出口 32管式换热器 具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明， 但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例 1
图 1为本发明所述管式加热炉实施例 1的结构示意图； 如图 1所示， 管 式加热炉包括管式炉体 3、 管式炉体 3内部装有管式燃烧室 9和由细管 5并 列组成的低温燃烧室、 管式燃烧室的一端为燃烧室入口 13、 燃烧室的另一端 为排烟口、 燃烧室与管式炉体 3之间的空腔及扰流换热直管 7的内管腔组成 换热室 10、 在靠近燃烧室入口 13的管式炉体 3壁上设有受热介质出口 12、 在靠近排烟管 2的管式炉体 3壁上设有受热介质入口 14。 管式炉体 3的总长 度是其直径的约 25倍。
在燃烧室入口 13—端，管式炉体 3与管式燃烧室 9以常用的钢制封口焊 接封连、 在排烟管 2—端， 管式炉体 3与排烟管 2以弹性封口装置 1封连。 管式炉体 3的外壁还设有泄压安全阀 21 (见图 3 )。
燃烧器由法兰连接到燃烧室入口 13, 工作时将火焰喷射在燃烧室内部， 燃烧室 9和管式炉体 3之间的环形空间为换热室 10, 换热室 10内有受热介 质流过并被加热， 燃烧室 9和换热室 10分为三段： 第一段紧靠燃烧器端， 即 紧靠燃烧室入口 13—端（L3段）， 为高温燃烧室和高温换热室， 高温燃烧室 内部保持较完整的管型空腔，在该段外部加装换热装置 11,换热装置 11可以 为换热管 （见图 1-7所示）、 散热片或其它散热件， 用以增大换热面积； 管式 燃烧室 9与管式炉体 3之间的环型空腔是高温换热室 10。 在高温换热室 10 内加装多组折流装置。 每组折流装置包括两片缺口相背的缺口环形钢板 8, 可焊接在管式燃烧室 9的外管壁上。
折流装置的作用是： 1、 将换热室 10强制分为几个不同的温度区。 2、 强 制改变受热介质的流向并顺应自然对流换热。 就是让受热介质从上一小段换 热室的上部进入折流装置， 再从折流装置的下部进入下一小段换热室 （两道 折流装置之间可以认为是一小段换热室， 每道折流装置是由两片缺口环形钢 板组成， 见图 1-5和图 1-6所示）。 3、 通过强制改变受热介质的流向， 使得受 热介质在换热室内尽可能地保持紊流状态。 折流装置的应用不仅可以形成温 度梯度而且大大提高换热效率。
第二段为中低温燃烧室和中低温燃烧室的 L2段，在这一段装有贯穿直插 在中低温管式燃烧室的扰流换热直管 7, 根据需要在该段的每一个横截面贯 穿单根或多根扰流换热直管，纵向形成多排扰流换热直管，并且有序排列（见 图 1-3和图 1-4所示）。 因这些扰流换热直管 7有序排列，不仅直接用于换热， 而且同时对该段燃烧室内的燃烧气流和环形空间中流动地受热介质起扰流作 用， 以提高换热效率； 在这一段换热室内的管式燃烧室外管壁上也可加装一 些换热件， 增加换热面积； 管式炉体与管式中温燃烧室之间的空腔及与其连 通的扰流换热直管的内管腔，共同组成 L2段换热室（也可称为中温换热室）。 在这一段换热室内也加装多道折流装置 8。 每一道折流装置和装在高温换热 室的一样也是由两片缺口环形钢板组成 （见图 1-5和图 1-6所示）， 它们的作 用也是一样的。 同时在燃烧室与炉体之间设置可滑动扶正装置。
第三段为中低温燃烧室和中低温燃烧室的 L1段，是由轴向多根细管 5并 列而成， 这些多根细管 5通过花钢板 6连通 L2段的燃烧室，燃烧气体从这些 细管通过， 从而更充分地和受热介质换热， 最后这些细管 5再通过花钢板 6 汇成粗管通到排烟管 2。 管式炉体 3与'两根以上的细管 5外壁之间的空腔组 成了 L1段换热室 （也可称为低温换热室）。 在低温换热室加装多道折流换热 装置， 每一道折流换热装置是由两片折流换热花板组成的（见图 1-1和图 1-2 所示）， 它既增大了换热面积也起折流作用。 在这一段的燃烧室与炉体之间也 设置可滑动扶正装置。 ·
另外一个至关重要的问题是： 管式炉体 3是一根钢管， 管式的燃烧室 9 也可以认为是一根钢管， 它们在工作时有温差， 所以在长度上热膨胀变化也 有差别， 这个膨胀力非常大， 为此作了特别处理， 这是一种低成本又安全、 可靠的创新。 这就是所述的弹性封口装置 1 (见图 2 )。 它是通过弹性封口盘 17将炉体 3和排烟管 2封连的。弹性封口盘 17通过在管式炉体 3和排烟管 2 的管壁上各焊连的法兰 16和 18连接固定，通过外压紧扶正法兰 15与焊接在 炉体上的法兰 16压紧弹性封口盘 17的外圆端， 由内压紧法兰 19与焊接在排 烟管壁上的法兰 18压紧弹性封口盘 17的内圆端。 当然也可以釆用其它的弹 性封口装置， 如伸缩套管来封连炉体与排烟管。 在炉体的另一端（靠近燃烧 室入口 13处）则采用常用的金属封口将炉体 3和管式燃烧室入口焊接封连。
上面提到的在中低温换热室内设置至少一个管式燃烧室与管式炉体之间 的可滑动扶正装置， 是配合弹性封口装置 1工作的。 每一个扶正装置是由两 个以上的固定在管式燃烧室上的支撑爪组成， 支撑爪的头部设置滚轮或合金 头。 这样可以避免管式炉在工作时折流、 换热装置与炉体之间的硬性机械磨 擦， 并消除异响。
实施例 2
图 4为管式加热炉实施例 2的结构示意图； 如图 4所示， 管式炉在实际 应用时， 也可以只采用两段燃烧室结构， 第一段紧靠燃烧器端， 即紧靠燃烧 室入口 13—端， 为高温燃烧室和高温换热室（L3段）， 另一段为中.低温燃烧 室和换热室（L2段）， 其结构形成同实施例 1中的 L2段。 这应用在小型管式 炉可以进一步降低制造成本。
实施例 3
本实施例为另一种只有两段燃烧室和换热室的结构： 第一段紧靠燃烧器 端， 即紧靠燃烧室入口一端， 为高温燃烧室和高温换热室， 与实施例 1结构 一致， 不再详细描述； 第二段所述的中低温燃烧室由轴向顺序排列的两根以 上的细管 5组成， 形成管式炉体 3与两根以上的细管 5外壁之间的空腔组成 中低温换热室。 其具体的结构就如图 1中所示的结构， 去除了中低温燃烧室 和中低温换热室的 L2段， 只保留 L3和 L1段。 管式炉体 3的总长度是其直 径的约 12倍。
总之， 结合上述实施例 1、 2和 3， 所述的管式炉不像普通锅炉或加热炉 那样有短粗的炉体， 它就像一根长管子。 例如： 相当于 400万大卡锅炉的管 式炉， 它的管式燃烧室直径为 377mm, 壁厚 8mm。 管式炉体直径为 480mm, 壁厚 10mm。炉体长约 12m。工作压力为 0.5-2.5Mp。正是因为管式炉体细长， 燃烧室也细长， 所以燃烧气体和受热介质的流速都较快； 又因为燃烧气体和 受热介质的流向是相对的； 加之燃烧室和换热室的合理设置， 尤其是折流换 热花板、 缺口环形钢板组成的折流装置， 在换热室内设置了多道， 燃烧气体 在燃烧室内和受热介质在换热室内基本上都是以紊流的状态高速流动； 从而 取得了极高的换热效率并使得管式炉体内形成了明显的温度梯度， 排烟温度 较现有加热炉或锅炉大大降低， 综合热效率得以提高。 如受热介质的入口温 度为 50摄氏度， 出口温度为 95摄氏度的话（用于民用热水采暖）， 那么管式 炉的排烟温度将低于 90摄氏度。 如受热介质的入口温度为 15摄氏度， 出口 温度为 65摄氏度的话 （用于宾馆， 洗洛中心和民用提供热水）， 排烟温度将 低于 50摄氏度， 这样的热效率是现有其它锅炉或加热炉无法达到的。
图 3为本发明所述管式加热炉的工作原理图； 参照图 3,上述管式加热炉 的工作原理是： 受热介质从受热介质入口 14进入炉体 3内的低温换热室， 在 泵压的作用下经由一道道折流装置， 一步步从低温换热室经中温换热室向高 温换热室推进， 在这个过程中被逐级加热后从受热介质出口 12流出， 在出口 处的温度传感器 23和压力传感器 22将受热介质的出口温度及炉体内的压力 信号传给监视控制柜， 当使用者在控制柜上设定了受热介质的出口温度， 控 制系统将自动调节燃烧系统的火力及离心风机的排风量， 使受热介质的出口 温度基本保持在设定值， 压力控制系统用于保证加热炉安全工作， 当炉体内 的压力过高或过低时， 控制系统自动切断燃料供给并报警， 安全泄压阀是辅 助安全部件。 因管式炉的炉体内具有明显的温度梯度， 从而使排烟温度较现 有各类锅炉的排烟温度可降低 50-100摄氏度， 热效率大大提高。 另外， 作为 管式压力容器， 在相同工作压力要求下， 其直径越小则要求其壁厚越薄， 因 而其制造的材料和工艺成本较之现有锅炉都大大降低。 管式炉的炉体和管式 燃烧室都可以直接选用现成的锅炉管。制造管式炉既不需要诸多的大型设备, 其工艺也相当简单， 较之现有锅炉的制造成本可降低 50%以上。
另外， 本发明在管式炉低温端炉体和排烟管的弹性连接封口设计， 是低 制造成本下， 管式炉的工作原理得以成立的关键。
实施例 4
图 5为本实施例管式常压导热煤加热炉的工作原理图； 管式导热媒加热 炉适用于对安全性要求较高的场所或对石油及易燃易爆的化工液态品进行加 热。 管式加热炉与一台基本相同长度的管式换热器组合在一起， 管式加热炉 受热介质出口与管式换热器热源媒入口相连， 管式换热器热源媒出口通过管 式泵与管式加热炉受热介质入口相连， 在管式加热炉换热室和管式换热器的 热源媒室内及连通它们的管线中充满导热媒， 管式炉直接对导热媒加热， 导 热媒将热量在管式换热器 32中换给受热介质。炉体内在工作时保持近常压状 态。 其工作流程为： 导热媒由管式泵 25加压由管式换热器出口通向管式炉入 口的管线 26进入管式加热炉， 导热媒被加热后从管式加热炉的出口出来， 经 由管式炉出口通向管式换热器入口的管线 27进入管式换热器 32, 将热量通 过管式换热室交换给流经管式换热器 32的受热介质（石油或其它易燃易爆的 化工液态品或水）后， 从管式换热器出口 31出来， 经由管式泵 25加压再进 入管式加热炉入口， 从而循环工作。 受热介质由管式换热器入口 30进入管式 换热器， 通过管式换热器接受导热媒换给的热量后， 从管式换热器出口 31流 出。 管式加热炉和管式换热器的上部还设置有与管式换热器相通的导热媒膨 胀罐 28, 其顶部还设有呼吸阀 29。
管式导热媒加热炉， 不仅近常压工作具有很好的安全性， 而且也具有极 高的热效率， 比现有导热媒加热炉的热效率有 5-10%的提高。
实施例 5
图 6为本实施例管式高温高压加热炉的结构示意图； 如图 6所示， 管式 高温高压加热炉是管式炉的一种形式， 管式炉体 3的总长度是其直径的约 30 倍。 它与实施例 1中所述的管式炉有基本相同的结构， 所不同的是高温燃烧 换热段（L3段） 与中低温烟气换热段（L2和 L1段）， 炉体被分成了两段， 也就是燃烧室是贯连的， 换热室是隔断的， 以适应不同的工作压力。 L3段为 高温高压区， 而 L2和 L1段为低温低压区。 高温和低温区的燃烧室、 炉体均 各由不同壁厚的金属管制造， 高温段管壁更厚（如图 7所示）。 在中低温换热 室靠近高温换热室处的炉体壁上设有受热介质出口、 在高温换热室靠近中低 温换热室处的炉体壁上设有受热介质入口。 高温管式燃烧室和中温管式燃烧 室直接对接焊连， 中低温管式炉体和高温管式炉体与高温管式燃烧室之间的 金属封口相焊连。 这就构成了管式高温高压加热炉。 工作时在中低温换热室 靠近高温换热室处的炉体壁上的受热介质出口与在高温换热室靠近中低温换 热室处的炉体壁上的受热介质入口之间还设置加压泵。
在 L3 段由燃烧器燃烧产生的炽热火焰将热量辐射到周围的高温高压管 式燃烧室 9' , 再由管式燃烧室及换热装置传给受热介质。 在 L2和 L1段， 高温燃烧气体体积膨胀后由 L3段快速向 L2段流动并将热量通过扰流换热直 管和中温燃烧室管壁传导给受热介质，到了 L2段末端燃烧气体的体积巳大量 收缩，进入 L1段进一步将热量由细钢管和折流换热花板换给受热介质。管式 高温高压加热炉的工作原理是： 受热介质由受热介质入口 14进入管式炉， 逐 级由 L1段向 L2段推进， 被加热后从受热介质出口 12出来， 进入高压泵。 被加压的受热介质从高温高压管式炉体 3'壁上的受热介质入口 14' 进入高 温高压室 L3段， 经高温高压换热室 10 '换热后由受热介质出口 12' 流出。这 种管式炉在工业和民用领域有一定用途。
实施例 6
图 8为本实施例的管式蒸汽炉的结构示意图； 如图 8所示， 管式蒸汽发 生炉是管式炉的另一种形式， 它与实施例 1 中所述的管式炉也有基本相同的 结构， 所不同的是高温燃烧换热段（L3段） 与中低温烟气换热段（L2和 L1 段）， 炉体也被分成了两段， 以适应不同的工作压力。 L3 段为高温高压蒸汽 发生段， 而 L2和 L1段为低温低压水加热段。 在 L3段由燃烧器燃烧产生的 炽热火焰在高温蒸汽发生室 10 内将热量辐射到周围的管式燃烧室 9' , 再 由管式燃烧室及换热装置传导给热水使之汽化为蒸汽。 在 L2和 L1段， 高温 燃烧气体体积膨胀后由 L3段快速向 L2段流动并将热量通过扰流换热直管 7 和中温燃烧室管壁传导给水， 到了 L2段末端燃烧气体的体积已大量收缩，进 入 L1段进一步将热量由细钢管 5和折流换热花板 4换给水。管式蒸汽炉的工 作原理是： 凉水由受热介质入口 14进入管式炉， 逐级由 L1段向 L2段推进, 被加热后从受热介质出口 12出来， 进入热水加压泵。被加压的热水从受热介 质入口（热水入口） 14' 进入蒸汽发生室 L3段， 经换热后成为蒸汽从受热介 质出口 （蒸汽出口） 12' 供出。 与管式高温高压加热炉不同的是： 管式蒸汽 炉 L3段的高温蒸汽发生炉 3' '的炉体直径比 L2和 L1段的管式炉体 3直径要 大，而且 L3段高温蒸汽发生炉体 3"和管式燃烧室 9是偏心的（如图 9所示）, 用以满足汽化的需要。
总之， 管式炉因其极高的热效率和较低的制造成本以及较高的使用安全 性和环保性， 是现有锅炉的理想替代品， 它的广泛应用一定会带来很大的社 会效益， 因而， 具有很好的产业化前景。 工业实用性
本发明所述的管式加热炉， 其炉体和燃烧室都采用管式， 且炉体细长， 以致燃烧气体和受热介质都有较高的流速， 且大的流向相对； 又因其独特的 燃烧室设置， 针对高温燃烧辐射、 传导换热与中低温烟气对流、 传导换热分 别进行了合理的设置； 加之在换热室内有多道折流装置的作用， 以至在换热 室内在纵向上具有明显的的温度梯度， 在燃烧室内燃料燃烧到烟气排放从燃 烧室入口到排烟口的温度梯度得以吻合并被加强， 从而在很大程度上降低了 排烟温度； 使得管式炉的综合热效率比现有加热炉或锅炉高出 5-10%。
虽然， 上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描 述， 但在本发明基础上， 可以对之作一些修改或改进 , 这对本领域技术人员 而言是显而易见的。 因此， 在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或 改进， 均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种管式加热炉， 其特征在于包括管式炉体、 安装在管式炉体内部的 管式燃烧室， 所述管式燃烧室的一端为燃烧室入口、 另一端为排烟口， 所述 管式炉体和所述管式燃烧室的两端之间分别密封连接， 所述管式燃烧室与管 式炉体之间的空腔形成换热室， 在靠近所述燃烧室入口的管式炉体壁上设有 受热介质出口， 在靠近所述排烟口的管式炉体壁上设有受热介质入口， 在所 述换热室内沿纵向设置有多组折流装置。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的管式加热炉， 其特征在于所述的每组折流装置 包括两片缺口相背的缺口环形钢板。
3、根据杈利要求 1或 2所述的管式加热炉，其特征在于所述管式炉体通 过弹性封口装置与排烟管密封相连， 所述的弹性封口装置为设于排烟口处的 管壁和管式炉体之间的弹性封口盘或密封伸缩套管， 所述的弹性封口盘通过 在管式炉体和排烟口的管壁上各焊连的法兰固定。
4、 根据杈利要求 1、 2或 3 所述的管式加热炉， 其特征在于紧靠燃烧室 入口的一段为高温管式燃烧室， 所述高温管式燃烧室与所述管式炉体之间的 空腔形成高温换热室， 在所述的高温换热室内装有与管式燃烧室外壁相连的 换热装置； 所述的换热装置为换热管或散热片。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的管式加热炉， 其特征在于所述高温管式燃烧室 之后， 直至弹性封口装置为中低温管式燃烧室， 在中低温管式燃烧室的每一 个横截面贯穿单根或多根扰流换热直管， 在中低温管式燃烧室的纵向上形成 多排扰流换热直管， 并且有序排列； 所述管式炉体与所述中低温管式燃烧室 之间的空腔及与该空腔相通的扰流换热直管的内管腔， 形成中低温换热室。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的管式加热炉， 其特征在于所述中低温管式燃烧 室的靠近弹性封口装置的一段由轴向排列的两根以上的细管组成， 靠近弹性 封口装置的一段中低温换热室由管式炉体与两根以上的细管外壁之间的空腔 形成， 在所述细管外、 中低温换热室内加装多道折流换热装置。
7、 根据杈利要求 4所述的管式加热炉， 其特征在于所述高温管式燃烧室 之后， 直至弹性封口装置为中低温管式燃烧室， 所述中低温管式燃烧室由轴 向排列的两根以上的细管组成， 所述管式炉体与两根以上的细管外壁之间的 空腔形成中低温换热室； 在所述细管外、 中低温换热室内加装多道折流换热 装置。
8、 根据杈利要求 6或 7所述的管式加热炉， 其特征在于折流换热装置包 括两片缺口相背的圆形缺口折流换热花板。
9、 根据杈利要求 5、 6、 7或 8所述的管式加热炉， 其特征在于所述高温 换热室和中低温换热室之间为相互独立， 在中低温换热室靠近高温换热室处 的炉体壁上设有受热介质出口， 在高温换热室靠近中低温换热室处的炉体壁 上设有受热介质入口。
10、 根据权利要求 6-9 中任意一项所述的管式加热炉， 其特征在于在中 低温换热室内还设置至少一个管式燃烧室与管式炉体之间的可滑动扶正装 置。
11、 根据杈利要求 1-8、 10中任意一项所述的管式加热炉， 其特征在于所 述的管式加热炉与一台基本相同长度的管式换热器组合在一起， 管式加热炉 受热介质出口与管式换热器热源媒入口相连通， 管式换热器热源媒出口与管 式加热炉受热介质入口相连通， 在管式加热炉换热室和管式换热器热源媒室 内及连通它们的管线中充满导热媒。
PCT/CN2006/002355 2006-03-15 2006-09-12 Chaudière tubulaire WO2007109933A1 (fr)

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CN105276794A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2016-01-27 苏俊兰 一种高效除尘管式均匀加热炉

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