WO2007105724A1 - 熱サイクル用作動媒体、ランキンサイクルシステム、ヒートポンプサイクルシステムおよび冷凍サイクルシステム - Google Patents
熱サイクル用作動媒体、ランキンサイクルシステム、ヒートポンプサイクルシステムおよび冷凍サイクルシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007105724A1 WO2007105724A1 PCT/JP2007/054953 JP2007054953W WO2007105724A1 WO 2007105724 A1 WO2007105724 A1 WO 2007105724A1 JP 2007054953 W JP2007054953 W JP 2007054953W WO 2007105724 A1 WO2007105724 A1 WO 2007105724A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/102—Alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/11—Ethers
- C09K2205/112—Halogenated ethers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermal cycle working medium and a Rankine cycle system using the working medium.
- the present invention relates to a heat pump cycle system and a refrigeration cycle system.
- the working medium used in the power generation, heat pump, etc. includes water; hydrocarbons such as propane and butane; trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC— 22), Fluorocarbons such as triclonal trifluoroethane (CFC-113) and dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114); ammonia and the like are known.
- hydrocarbons such as propane and butane
- trichlorofluoromethane CFC-11
- dichlorodifluoromethane CFC-12
- chlorodifluoromethane HCFC— 22
- Fluorocarbons such as triclonal trifluoroethane (CFC-113) and dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114); ammonia and the like are known.
- Ammonia and hydrocarbons have limitations in commercial use due to safety problems such as toxicity, flammability, and corrosivity, and inferior energy efficiency.
- fluorocarbons are attracting attention as working media because of their advantages such as low toxicity, non-flammability, chemical stability, and availability of various fluorocarbons with different standard boiling points. It is advanced to.
- PFC perf Fluorocarbon
- HFC hydrofluorocarbon
- n 2-7.
- An azeotropic composition with hydrofluorocarbon Patent Document 1.
- the hydrofluoroether in (1) has a low standard boiling point and critical temperature, and therefore, when this compound is used as a working medium, a medium to high temperature heat source Rankine having a waste heat temperature exceeding 100 ° C.
- a medium to high temperature heat source Rankine having a waste heat temperature exceeding 100 ° C.
- the operating pressure becomes high and, depending on the operating conditions, a cycle exceeding the critical temperature is formed. For this reason, problems such as a decrease in efficiency and a high price of equipment arise, and the practicality is poor.
- Patent Document 2 describes that the compound (2) is useful as a refrigerant, a cleaning agent, an aerosol propellant, a fire extinguishing agent, a swelling agent, a working fluid for power, and the like.
- Patent Document 2 discloses CHF CH OCF CF (347mcfE ⁇ ⁇ ) CHF as hydrofluoroether.
- Patent Document 2 the only example in which hydrofluoroether is used as a working medium in Patent Document 2 is a centrifugal refrigerator, which shows specific performance as a Rankine cycle system and a heat pump cycle system. ,.
- 347mcfE ⁇ y is described as “1, 1,2,2-tetrafluoro —1— (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) ethane”. ing. 347mcfE ⁇ ⁇ and 1, 1,2,2_tetrafluoro_1_ (2,2,2_trifluoroethoxy) _ethane (hereinafter also referred to as HFE-347) are shown below. As is apparent from the chemical formula and the boiling point, they are different compounds. 347mcfE ⁇ y: CHF CH OCF CF, boiling point 45.4 ° C.
- HFE-347 CHF CF ⁇ CH CF, boiling point 56 ° C.
- Patent Document 2 the compound name of 347mcfE ⁇ ⁇ in Patent Document 2 is clearly erroneous, and the description in Patent Document 2 does not suggest the possibility of HFE-347 as a working medium.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-504889
- Patent Document 2 JP 10-506926
- the object of the present invention is to provide a heat cycle working medium that is nonflammable, has a small impact on the environment, and has excellent thermal cycle characteristics, high capacity and efficiency, Rankine cycle system, heat pump cycle system, Another object is to provide a refrigeration cycle system.
- the present invention has the following gist.
- a working medium for heat cycle characterized by containing 90% by mass or more of 1,1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether (HFHF-347) .
- the stabilizer is at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxidation resistance improver, a heat resistance improver, and a metal deactivator.
- the working medium for heat cycle of the present invention is nonflammable, has little influence on the environment, and is excellent in heat cycle characteristics.
- the Rankine cycle system of the present invention has high power generation capacity and Rankine cycle efficiency.
- the heat pump cycle system of the present invention has high heat pump capacity and heat pump cycle efficiency.
- the refrigeration cycle system of the present invention has high refrigeration capacity and refrigeration cycle efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a Rankine cycle system of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 A cycle diagram in which the state change of the working medium in the Rankine cycle system is described on the temperature-entropy diagram.
- FIG. 3 A cycle diagram in which the change in the state of the working medium in the Rankine cycle system is shown on the pressure-enthalpy diagram.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a heat pump cycle system of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cycle diagram showing a change in state of a working medium in a heat pump cycle system on a temperature-entropy diagram.
- FIG. 6 A cycle diagram in which a change in the state of a working medium in a heat pump cycle system is described on a pressure-enthalpy diagram.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relative efficiency (HFE-347 / CFC-113) of Rankine cycle efficiency at each maximum temperature when the condensation temperature is 25 ° C or 50 ° C.
- FIG. 8 A graph showing the relative power generation capacity (HFE-347 / CFC-113) at each maximum temperature when the condensation temperature is 25 ° C or 50 ° C.
- 1 is a graph showing a relative efficiency (HFE-347 / CFC-113) of heat pump cycle efficiency at each degree of supercooling.
- the working medium for heat cycle of the present invention contains HFE-347.
- This HFE-347 is nonflammable and has excellent thermal cycle characteristics that have little impact on the environment.
- the content of HFE-347 in the working medium (100% by mass) is 90% by mass or more, preferably 95% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 98% by mass or more.
- the working medium for heat cycle of the present invention is an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a compound used as another working medium, refrigerant or heat transfer medium other than HFE-347 (hereinafter referred to as the above).
- Alcohol and compounds are collectively referred to as other compounds.
- other compounds such as methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, etc .; 1, 1-dichroic mouth_2, 2, 2_trifoleolethane, 1, 1-dichroic mouth_1-funoleorethane, HCFCs such as 3, 3-dichloromethane _1, 1, 1, 2, 2_pentafluoroethylene propane, 3, 3-dichloromethane _1, 1, 2, 2, 3_pentafluoropropane; difluoromethane, 1, 1, 1, 2 — Tetrafluoroetane, 1, 1, 1_Trifluoroetane, 1, 1-Difluoretane, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3—Hep
- Mouth Bread 1, 1, 1, 3, 3—Pentafnorolebutane, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5—Decaf Norolepentane, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4-HFCs such as heptafluorocyclopentane; perfluoropropyl methyl ether (CF OCH), perfluorobutyl methyl ether (CF OCH), perfluorobutyl ether ether (CF OC H) and the like.
- CF OCH perfluoropropyl methyl ether
- CF OCH perfluorobutyl methyl ether
- CF OC H perfluorobutyl ether ether
- Examples of the alcohol as the other compound include alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and the like are particularly preferable.
- the content of other compounds is within a range that does not significantly reduce the effects of the present invention, it is acceptable.
- the moving medium (100% by mass) it is usually less than 10% by mass and preferably 5% by mass or less.
- HFE-347 has a sufficiently high stability against heat and oxidation.
- the working medium of the present invention comprises an oxidation resistance improver and a heat resistance. It is preferable to contain stabilizers such as improvers and metal deactivators.
- Examples of the oxidation resistance improver and the heat resistance improver include, for example, N, N, -diphenyl diphenylamine, p-octyl diphenylamine, p, p'-dioctyl diphenylamine, N Phenyl— 1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl—2-naphthylamine, N— (p-dodecyl) phenyl— 2 _naphthylamine, di_1 naphthylamine, di_2 naphthylamine, N-alkylphenothiazine, 6- ( t-butyl) phenol, 2,6_di (t-butyleno) phenol, 4_methyl_2,6_di (t-butyl) phenol, 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-di) _t_butylphenol) and the like.
- Examples of the metal deactivator include imidazole, benzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenthazole, 2,5-dimethylcaptothiadiazole, salicyridin propylenediamine, pyrazole, benzotriazole, toltriazole, 2-methylbenzamidazole, 3,5-methylmethylazole, methylenebismonobenzotriazole, organic acids or esters thereof, primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines, amine salts of organic or inorganic acids, bicyclic nitrogen Containing compounds, amine salts of alkyl acid phosphates or derivatives thereof.
- the content of the stabilizer in the working medium (100% by mass) is preferably 5% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 1% by mass or less.
- Rankine cycle system is an expander that heats the working medium with geothermal energy, solar heat, middle to high temperature waste heat at around 50 to 200 ° C, etc. Is a system in which power is generated by adiabatic expansion by driving a generator by work generated by the adiabatic expansion.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the Rankine cycle system of the present invention.
- Rankine cycle system 10 operates at low temperature and low pressure by expanding high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor C. Cooling expander 11 as medium vapor D, generator 12 driven by work generated by adiabatic expansion of working medium vapor C in expander 11, and working medium vapor D discharged from expander 11 Then, the condenser 13 that is liquefied to obtain the working medium A, the pump 14 that pressurizes the working medium A discharged from the condenser 13 to form the high-pressure working medium B, and the working medium B that is discharged from the pump 14.
- the evaporator 15 is heated to a high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor C, the pump 16 supplies fluid E to the condenser 1 3, and the pump 17 supplies fluid F to the evaporator 15. It is a system schematically configured.
- Evaporator 15 force The discharged high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor C is expanded by the expander 11 to form low-temperature and low-pressure working medium vapor D. At this time, the generator 12 is driven by work generated by adiabatic expansion of the working medium vapor C in the expander 11 to generate electricity.
- the Rankine cycle system 10 is a cycle composed of adiabatic change and isobaric change, and a state change of the working medium can be expressed as shown in FIG. 2 on a temperature entropy diagram.
- the AB 'C' D 'curve is a saturation line.
- the AB process is a process in which adiabatic compression is performed by the pump 14 and the working medium A is changed to a high-pressure working medium B.
- the BB 'C' C process is a process in which isobaric heating is performed in the evaporator 15 and the high-pressure working medium B is converted into a high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor C.
- the CD process is a process in which work is generated by performing adiabatic expansion in the expander 11 and changing the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor C into the low-temperature and low-pressure working medium vapor D.
- DA process is in condenser 13 This is a process in which the isothermal cooling is performed to return the low-temperature and low-pressure working medium vapor D to the working medium A.
- the change in state of the working medium is described on the pressure-enthalpy diagram, it can be expressed as shown in FIG.
- the heat pump cycle system is a system that heats the load fluid and raises the temperature to a higher temperature by supplying the heat energy of the working medium to the load fluid through the condenser.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the heat pump cycle system of the present invention.
- the heat pump cycle system 20 includes a compressor 21 that compresses the working medium vapor G into a high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor H, and cools and liquefies the working medium vapor H discharged from the compressor 21 to liquefy it.
- the working medium I of the condenser 22, the working medium I discharged from the condenser 22 is expanded to expand the low-temperature and low-pressure working medium J, and the working medium J discharged from the expansion valve 23 is heated.
- an evaporator 24 that is a high-temperature and low-pressure working medium vapor G, a pump 25 that supplies the heat source fluid K to the evaporator 24, and a pump 26 that supplies the load fluid L to the condenser 22. It is a configured system.
- the heat pump cycle system 20 is a cycle composed of adiabatic 'isentropic change, isenthalpy change, and isobaric change, and the state change of the working medium is represented on the temperature-entropy diagram. Can be expressed as shown in Fig. 5.
- the GH process is a process in which the compressor 21 performs adiabatic compression to convert the high-temperature and low-pressure working medium vapor G into the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor H.
- the HI process is a process in which the condenser 22 performs isobaric cooling and the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium vapor H is converted into a low-temperature and high-pressure working medium I.
- the U process is a process in which isenthalpy expansion is performed by the expansion valve 23, and the low-temperature and high-pressure working medium I is used as the low-temperature and low-pressure working medium J.
- the JG process is a process in which the low pressure / low pressure working medium J is returned to the high temperature / low pressure working medium vapor G by performing isobaric heating in the evaporator 24.
- the refrigeration cycle system is a system that cools the load fluid to a lower temperature by removing the thermal energy from the load fluid by the working medium before the evaporator.
- a similar system can be cited.
- thermodynamic properties thermodynamic properties
- cycle performance when used in Rankine cycle systems, heat pump cycle systems, refrigeration cycle systems, etc.
- Capacity and efficiency because of its high efficiency, it can reduce power consumption and its ability to reduce the size of the system.
- the evaluation was performed by changing the condensation temperature of the working medium in the condenser 13 to 25 ° C or 50 ° C and changing the maximum temperature of the working medium in the expander from 60 to 160 ° C.
- the coefficients of the Starling-Han type BWR equation required for calculating the state quantity in the gas phase range are the coefficients generalized by Starling-Han, using the eccentricity factor and critical constant calculated based on the vapor pressure correlation equation. The correlation equation was used and calculated.
- the constant pressure specific heat in the ideal gas state was calculated based on a physical property estimation method.
- ⁇ is the saturated vapor pressure [MPa]
- ⁇ is the temperature [ ⁇ :]
- the vapor pressure formula was used to calculate the vapor pressure at that temperature.
- the density of the saturated liquid at temperature was calculated using the saturated liquid density formula.
- the density of saturated steam was calculated by using the Newton-Raphson method and other methods using temperature and the previously determined steam pressure in the equation of state.
- using the obtained temperature, vapor pressure, and vapor density, enthalpy and entropy were calculated using thermodynamic relational equations, equations of state, and constant pressure specific heat equations in ideal gas states.
- the saturated liquid enthalpy and entropy is one of the thermodynamic relations, Clausius.
- the calculation was made using the Clapeyron equation and the enthalpy, entropy, saturated liquid density, saturated vapor density, and vapor pressure temperature change values of the saturated vapor (which can be obtained as a derivative of the vapor pressure equation).
- the density is calculated by trial and error using the equation of state, and then the enthalpy and entropy are calculated according to the method described earlier (the state of the specific heat value and thermodynamic relations in the ideal gas state). The value obtained by applying the equation.
- the power generation capacity L is obtained from the following equation (1), and the following equation (2 ) To determine the Rankine cycle efficiency.
- Figure 7 shows the relative efficiency of Rankine cycle efficiency (11? £ 3477 ?? _ 113) at each maximum temperature when the condensation temperature is 25 ° C or 50 ° C.
- Figure 8 shows the relative power generation capacity (HFE-347 / CFC-113) at each maximum temperature when the condensation temperature is 25 ° C or 50 ° C.
- HFE-347 has a power generation capacity of CFC_113 under all conditions. It was confirmed that it was better.
- HFE-347 slightly lowers the Rankine cycle efficiency compared to CFC-113, but the rate of efficiency decrease is reduced due to the force S that lowers the maximum temperature.
- HFE-347 which has a slightly increased Rankine cycle efficiency but has a large rate of increase in power generation capacity, is effective as a working medium in the Rankine cycle system.
- the evaporating temperature of the working medium in the evaporator 24 is 0 ° C
- the condensing temperature of the working medium in the condenser 22 is 50 ° C
- the supercooling degree of the working medium in the condenser 22 is 0 to: 15 ° C. I went to change.
- the evaporation temperature of the working medium in the evaporator 24 is 25 ° C
- the condensation temperature of the working medium in the condenser 22 is 80 ° C
- the degree of supercooling of the working medium in the condenser is 0 to 15 ° C. Changed and went.
- the heat pump capacity Q is obtained from the following equation (3), and from the following equation (4):
- the heat pump cycle efficiency ⁇ was determined.
- Heat pump capacity and heat pump cycle efficiency were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3 except that CFC-113 was used instead of HFE-347.
- HFE-347 can improve efficiency over CFC-113 by setting the degree of supercooling to 10 ° C or higher.
- HFE-347 has a relative capacity of S1 or higher under all conditions, and the heat pump capacity is superior to CFC_113.
- Table 1 shows the refrigeration cycle efficiency (COP) and refrigeration capacity.
- Example 5 The power generation capacity and Rankine cycle efficiency were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 except that CFC-113 was used instead of HFE-347.
- Table 1 shows the refrigeration cycle efficiency (COP) and refrigeration capacity.
- Table 1 shows the relative efficiency of heat pump cycle efficiency (HFE-347 / CFC-113) and the relative capacity of heat pump capacity (HFE-347 / CFC_113).
- HFE-347 was compared with 347mcfEj3y and 347mcfEo / ⁇ .
- HFE-347 (0.99) and the value of 347mcfE ⁇ y and 347mcfEy ⁇ (0.97) of Patent Document 2 for COP
- HFE-347 was slightly superior.
- capacity comparing the value of HFE-347 (0 ⁇ 69) with the values of 347mcfE ⁇ and 347mcfE y ⁇ (1.15, 1.12) of Patent Document 2, 347mcfE i3 ⁇ and 347mcf ⁇ ⁇ 5 was excellent.
- HFE-347 having a small pressure value can set the pressure resistance of the equipment lower and is advantageous in terms of equipment costs.
- HFE-347 is superior in terms of equipment costs and efficiency.
- HFE-347 is estimated to be an excellent capacity per unit mass, which is a disadvantageous result.
- the working medium for heat cycle of the present invention is nonflammable, has little influence on the environment, and has excellent heat cycle characteristics, and operates the Rankine cycle system, heat pump cycle system, or refrigeration cycle system.
- a Rankine cycle system for the purpose of heat recovery from geothermal energy, solar heat, medium to high temperature waste heat of about 50 to 200 ° C, and a heat pump cycle for extraction temperature of 50 ° C or higher. Suitable for the system.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2008505162A JP5062170B2 (ja) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | ランキンサイクルシステム、ヒートポンプサイクルシステムまたは冷凍サイクルシステム用作動媒体、ならびにランキンサイクルシステム、ヒートポンプサイクルシステムおよび冷凍サイクルシステム |
CN200780009067.XA CN101400756B (zh) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | 热循环用工作介质、朗肯循环系统、热泵循环系统及制冷循环系统 |
CA002645115A CA2645115A1 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | Working fluid for heat cycle, rankine cycle system, heat pump cycle system, and refrigeration cycle system |
US12/210,495 US7695636B2 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2008-09-15 | Working fluid for heat cycle, rankine cycle system, heat pump cycle system and refrigeration cycle system |
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JP2006-069128 | 2006-03-14 | ||
JP2006069128 | 2006-03-14 |
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US12/210,495 Continuation US7695636B2 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2008-09-15 | Working fluid for heat cycle, rankine cycle system, heat pump cycle system and refrigeration cycle system |
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JP (1) | JP5062170B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101400756B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2645115A1 (ja) |
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TW201411068A (zh) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-03-16 | Du Pont | 於級聯熱泵中在最終級聯階段使用包含z-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯之工作流體製造加熱 |
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- 2007-03-13 WO PCT/JP2007/054953 patent/WO2007105724A1/ja active Application Filing
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Cited By (4)
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JP2010164043A (ja) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-07-29 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | 排熱回収タービンシステム |
JP2014528053A (ja) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-10-23 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフトSiemens Aktiengesellschaft | 高温ヒートポンプおよび高温ヒートポンプにおける作動媒体の使用方法 |
EP2889355A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Azeotropic mixture-like composition, heat transfer composition, cleaner, high-temperature heat pump device, and heat transfer method |
US9309451B2 (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2016-04-12 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Azeotropic mixture-like composition, heat transfer composition, cleaner, high-temperature heat pump device, and heat transfer method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2007105724A1 (ja) | 2009-07-30 |
JP5062170B2 (ja) | 2012-10-31 |
CA2645115A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
CN101400756A (zh) | 2009-04-01 |
US20090008599A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
CN101400756B (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
US7695636B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 |
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