WO2007105573A1 - 金属材の加工方法および構造物 - Google Patents
金属材の加工方法および構造物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007105573A1 WO2007105573A1 PCT/JP2007/054481 JP2007054481W WO2007105573A1 WO 2007105573 A1 WO2007105573 A1 WO 2007105573A1 JP 2007054481 W JP2007054481 W JP 2007054481W WO 2007105573 A1 WO2007105573 A1 WO 2007105573A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- joint
- additive
- metal material
- rotary tool
- friction stir
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 126
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 91
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108091008716 AR-B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/128—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding making use of additional material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/16—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for processing a metal material and a structure formed by this processing method.
- FSW Friction Stir Welding
- the metal material to be joined is opposed to the joint, a probe provided at the tip of the rotary tool is inserted into the joint, and the rotary tool is rotated along the longitudinal direction of the joint.
- Friction stir welding can provide good joint strength, but it is difficult to apply when the joint has a curved surface and when it is difficult to insert a rotating tool.
- metal materials are processed by combining friction stir welding and melt processing such as MIG welding to produce structures with curved surfaces (for example, (See Japanese Patent No. 3224092).
- Patent Document 1 Patent No. 3224092
- the present invention provides a method for processing a metal material capable of improving the bonding strength in the case of processing a metal material by combining friction stir welding and melt processing, and is formed by this processing method. It is intended to provide a structured structure.
- two metal materials are opposed to each other at a joint, and a chemical reaction with the metal material is caused.
- a first step of joining two metal materials by inserting a rod-shaped rotary tool into the joint, rotating the rotary tool while supplying an additive having a melting point higher than the melting point of the metal material to the joint,
- a metal material processing method including a second step of further melt-processing the joint.
- the friction stir welding is performed while supplying the additive with a melting point higher than the melting point of the metal material without causing a chemical reaction with the metal material.
- the particles of the additive can be mixed in.
- the rotating tool is moved along the longitudinal direction of the joint while rotating, and the rotating tool rotated at the joint is moved. Without rotating at that point.
- “friction stir welding” means (1) end portions of plate-shaped metal materials are brought into contact with each other to form a joined portion, and the rotary tool is moved while rotating along the longitudinal direction of the joined portion.
- Friction stir welding that joins metal materials together
- Metal materials are overlapped at the joint, a rotating tool is inserted into the joint through a hole that penetrates at least one of the metal materials, and the rotating tool rotates without moving at that location.
- Spot friction stir welding to join metal materials together (4) superimpose metal materials at the joint, insert a rotary tool into the joint through a hole penetrating at least one metal material,
- the length of the joint Along the direction It includes four modes (1) to (4) of friction stir welding in which metal materials are joined by rotating while rotating, and combinations thereof.
- two metal materials are made to face each other at a joint portion, and an integral multiple and an integer of the edge length a 'of the unit crystal lattice of the metal material with respect to the edge length a of the unit crystal lattice. While supplying additive material with a deviation of 15% within 15% to the joint, insert a rod-shaped rotary tool into the joint, rotate the rotary tool, and join the two metal materials
- a metal material processing method including: a first step of performing a second step of further subjecting a joint to a melt process.
- any one of an integer multiple of an edge length a of the crystal lattice and an integer multiple of an integer multiple of the edge length a of the unit crystal lattice of the metal material Friction stir welding is performed while supplying an additive with a thickness of ⁇ 15% or less to the joint, so that particles of additive with a small misfit are mixed into the metal crystal of the joint. be able to.
- the joint is further melt processed in the second step, when the metal material re-solidifies in the melted part, the particles of added calcined material with a small misfit with respect to the crystal of the metal material become solidification nuclei, which is added Crystal grains are generated for each particle of the material.
- each crystal grain of the metal material solidified for each particle of the additive calcined material becomes small, and even if each of the small crystal grains is coarsened, they collide with each other and become larger than that. Therefore, the coarsening of the crystal grains of the metal material can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the strength reduction of the joint portion of the friction stir welding due to the melt processing, and to improve the joint strength.
- the present invention provides two metal materials facing each other at a joint, an additive which does not cause a chemical reaction with the metal material and has a melting point higher than the melting point of the metal material, and a ridge of the unit crystal lattice of the metal material
- a metal material processing method including a first step of inserting a rod-shaped rotary tool into a section, rotating the rotary tool to join two metal materials, and a second step of further melting the joint portion.
- misfit is small with respect to the additive material that does not cause a chemical reaction with the metal material and has a melting point higher than the melting point of the metal material and the crystal of the metal material. Since the friction stir welding is performed while supplying the additive to the joint, the particles of each additive can be mixed into the metal material of the joint. Therefore, even if the joint is further melt-processed in the second step, the additive particles having a melting point higher than the melting point of the metal material hold down the crystal grains to be coarsened by heat, and further to the crystal of the metal material.
- Additive material particles with small misfit serve as solidification nuclei, and the size of the individual crystal grains of the re-solidified metal material is reduced, so that the coarsening of the metal material crystal grains can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the strength reduction of the joint portion of the friction stir welding due to the molten calorie, and to improve the joint strength.
- the additive does not cause a chemical reaction with the metal material and has a melting point higher than the melting point of the metal material, and the unit relative to the length a of the unit crystal lattice of the metal material.
- one of the integral multiple of the ridge length a of the crystal lattice and 1 / integer multiple is within ⁇ 15%
- two types of additive materials, the additive material and the metal material It does not cause a chemical reaction, has a melting point higher than the melting point of the metal material, and is an integer multiple and an integral multiple of the edge length a ′ of the unit crystal lattice relative to the length a of the unit crystal lattice edge of the metal material. This includes both cases where one of the fractions is within ⁇ 15% and one type of additive is supplied to the joint.
- the two tools can be joined by rotating the rotary tool along the longitudinal direction of the joining portion. According to this configuration, since the rotating tool is rotated and moved along the longitudinal direction of the joint portion to join the two metal materials, even if the joint portion between the two metal materials is long, It is possible to join metal materials.
- the supply of the additive to the joint can be performed by placing the additive in the joint before inserting the rotary tool into the joint. According to this configuration, since the additive material is disposed in advance in the joint portion, the additive material can be easily and reliably supplied to the joint portion.
- the supply of the additive material to the joint portion may be performed by discharging the additive material to a site to which the rotary tool is moved in the joint portion as the rotary tool moves. it can. According to this configuration, the additive material is discharged to the site to which the rotary tool is moved. Therefore, it is possible to cope with the case where the position of the joint varies in the actual processing work site or when the direction of inserting the rotating tool of the joint is a direction other than the vertical downward direction.
- the joint in the first step, before moving the rotary tool at the joint, the joint can be processed into a groove opened in a direction facing the rotary tool.
- the joint is processed into a groove that opens in a direction opposite to the rotary tool, and the additive material is discharged to the groove. This makes it easier to supply the additive to the layer.
- the supply of the additive to the joint can be performed by releasing the additive from the inside of the rotary tool to the joint.
- the additive material since the additive material is discharged from the inside of the rotary tool to the joint portion, the additive material can be reliably supplied to the joint portion. This can be handled even when the direction of inserting is in a direction other than the vertical downward direction.
- the supply of the additive to the joint is performed by causing the rotary tool to wear by adding the additive to the rotary tool material in advance and rotating the rotary tool.
- the additive can be supplied to the joint portion. According to this configuration, since the additive material is supplied to the joint as the rotating tool containing the additive wears, the additive material can be supplied uniformly to the joint, and the dispersibility of the additive material can be improved. This can be further improved.
- another aspect of the present invention is a structure formed by processing two or more metal materials by the metal material processing method of the present invention.
- the processing method of the present invention is formed by combining the friction stir welding and the melt processing, so that a higher strength structure in which the decrease in the joint strength of the friction stir welding due to the melt processing is small. It can be a thing.
- the metal material processing method of the present invention it is possible to reduce the strength reduction of the joint portion of the friction stir welding due to the melt processing, and to improve the joint strength.
- the structure of the present invention can be a structure having a higher strength with less decrease in the joint strength of the friction stir weld due to melt processing.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a flow of a metal material processing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a rotary tool according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state of friction stir welding according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a railway vehicle structure formed by the metal material processing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state of friction stir welding according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a rotary tool according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of friction stir welding according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state of friction stir welding according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a state of friction stir welding according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing a SiC powder according to a first experimental example of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state of a part subjected to friction stir processing in Experimental Example 1.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the boundary between the base material of Example 1 and the stirring unit.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the microhardness of AZ31 material in Experimental Example 1.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing crystal grains of AZ31 material.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing crystal grains of AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 1 hour.
- FIG. 16 is a view showing crystal grains of AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 300 ° C. for 1 hour.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing crystal grains of the AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 400 ° C. for 1 hour.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing crystal grains of the AZ31 material after the friction stir processing.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing crystal grains of AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 1 hour after the friction stir processing.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing crystal grains of AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 300 ° C. for 1 hour after the friction stir processing.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing crystal grains of AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 400 ° C. for 1 hour after the friction stir processing.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing crystal grains of the AZ31 material after the friction stir processing to which SiC is added.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing crystal grains of the AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 200 ° C. for 1 hour after friction stirring with SiC.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing crystal grains of the AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 300 ° C. for 1 hour after the friction stir processing with SiC.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing crystal grains of AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 400 ° C. for 1 hour after friction stir processing with SiC.
- FIG. 26 is an enlarged view of the crystal grain interface of AZ31 material that was heat-treated after friction stir processing with SiC added.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the micro hardness before and after heat treatment of AZ31 material.
- FIG. 28 is a graph showing the microhardness before and after heat treatment of the AZ31 material after the friction stir treatment.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing the microhardness before and after heat treatment of the AZ31 material after the friction stir treatment with SiC added.
- FIG. 30 is a graph showing the microhardness of AZ31 material after friction stir processing with various additives.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing the microhardness of A1050 material in Experimental Example 2.
- FIG. 32 is a graph showing the hardness of the joint of A1050 material in Experimental Example 3.
- FIG. 33 is a graph showing the hardness distribution at the boundary between the melt-bonded part and friction stir welded part of A1050 material in Experimental Example 3.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a flow of a metal material processing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- friction stir welding is performed while supplying an additive to the joint in order to prevent the coarsening of the crystal grains of the metal material accompanying the subsequent melt processing.
- Perform S01
- a structure having a general curved surface or a portion where it is difficult to insert a rotary tool is difficult to form by friction stir welding alone, and is then melted such as by MIG welding (S02).
- Figure 2 shows the book 1 is a perspective view showing a rotary tool according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the rotary tool 10 includes a substantially cylindrical rotary tool body 16.
- the rotary tool 10 includes a shoulder 14 and a probe 12 that is inserted into a joint portion between metal members at the tip of the rotary tool body 16.
- the probe 12 has a substantially cylindrical shape with a smaller diameter than the shoulder 14.
- the material of the rotary tool 10 is, for example, tool steel such as SKD61 steel, which is standardized by JIS, tungsten carbide (WC), cemented carbide with cobalt (Co) force, or Si N. It can consist of ceramics.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state of friction stir welding according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- two metal materials 100 and 102 are abutted at the joint 104.
- the metal materials 100 and 102 for example, A1 material, Fe material, and Mg material can be applied.
- it is possible to apply ultrafine particle materials in which the average crystal grain size of metal materials is refined to 10 m or less by performing microstructure control such as repeated lap joint rolling (AR B Accumulative RoU-Bonding) on these metal materials. it can.
- the melting point higher than the melting point of the metal materials 100 and 102 does not cause a chemical reaction with the metal materials 100 and 102 before the rotary tool 10 is inserted into the joint portion 104.
- the unit crystal lattice ridge length a of the metal material 100, 102 and the unit crystal lattice ridge length a are either ⁇ 15% Is filled with additive 18 containing the substance within.
- a substance that does not cause a chemical reaction with the metal materials 100 and 102 and has a melting point higher than that of the metal materials 100 and 102 remains without being melted during the subsequent melt processing. This is to prevent coarsening of crystal grains.
- the metal materials 100 and 102 are A1, Fe, Mg, and their ultrafine particles
- a substance that does not cause a chemical reaction with them and has a melting point higher than these melting points is Ti. , W and other high melting point metals, and carbides, nitrides and oxides such as SiC, TiC, SiN, BN, A1N, AlO, ZrO, MgO
- SiC can be applied.
- These substances are formed into granules having an average particle size of 0.5 to 5111 so that they can be easily dispersed at the joint 104 during the friction stir welding.
- the ridge length of the unit crystal lattice with respect to the length a of the unit crystal lattice of the metal materials 100 and 102 For materials that have an integer multiple of length a, or a fraction of an integer multiple within ⁇ 15%, that is, a material with a misfit within ⁇ 15%, the metal material after the subsequent melt processing will be When solidifying, it becomes a solidification nucleus and is used to reduce the size of the crystal grains of the metal material.
- metal materials 100 and 102 are A1
- materials with a misfit within ⁇ 15% include VC (misfit 1.4%), TiC (misfit 6.8%), TiB (misfit). Fit 4.8%), A1B (misfit).
- the metal materials 100 and 102 are Fe materials, the substances with misfit within ⁇ 15% are TiN (misfit 3.8%), TiC (misfit 5.8%), SiC (mis Fit 6.0%), ZrN (misfit 11.2%), WC (misfit 12.6%) and ZrC (misfit 14.4%) can be applied.
- Zr particles can be used as solidification nuclei by adding Zr particles for Mg materials that do not contain A1 as an alloy component.
- Mg materials containing A1 as an alloy component when C particles are added, the reaction product Al C becomes the solidification nucleus.
- These materials are formed into particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m so that they can be easily dispersed at the joint 104 during the friction stir welding.
- a substance that does not cause a chemical reaction with the metal materials 100 and 102 and has a melting point higher than that of the metal materials 100 and 102 and a misfit between the metal materials 100 and 102 is within ⁇ 15%
- one kind of substance that does not cause a chemical reaction and has a melting point higher than that of the metal materials 100 and 102 and has a misfit within ⁇ 15% is applied to the metal materials 100 and 102.
- the additive 18 may be used.
- the rotary tool 10 is inserted into the joint 104.
- the metal tools 100 and 102 are joined by moving the rotary tool along the longitudinal direction of the joint 104 while rotating it.
- the particles of the additive 18 filled in the joint 104 are stirred by the rotary tool 10 and mixed with the metal materials 100 and 102.
- the metal materials 100 and 102 can also be joined to each other by spot friction stir welding in which the rotating tool 10 is rotated at that place without moving the rotating tool 10 at the joint 104.
- FIG. 4 shows a railroad formed by the metal material processing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows a vehicle structure.
- the railway vehicle structure 200 includes a roof structure 202, 204, side structures 206, 208, a base frame 210, an end structure 212, and eave members 214, 216, which are metal materials.
- the side structure 206 and the eaves member 214 and the side structure 208 and the eaves member 216 are joined by friction stir welding.
- the side structures 206, 208 partially including the curved portion and the eaves members 214, 216 are bonded together by melt bonding.
- the friction stir welding part 218 and the melt joint part 220 as shown in FIG. It is also possible to completely overlap the friction stir weld 218 and the melt weld 220 by performing melt processing.
- the friction stir welding portion 218 can be melt processed. As the melt processing, gas welding or plasma welding can be applied. Alternatively, submerged welding, MIG welding, TIG welding, CO
- arc welding such as 2 welding and covered arc welding, or spot welding.
- the particles of the additive 18 do not cause a chemical reaction with the metal materials 100 and 102 and remain without being melted by the heat of the melt processing even if the joint 104 is subsequently melt processed. Since the particles of the additive 18 suppress the crystal grains of the metal materials 100 and 102 to be coarsened by the heat of the melt processing, the coarsening of the crystal grains of the metal materials 100 and 102 can be reduced. This effect is particularly noticeable in the heat-affected zone around the melted zone due to melt processing. As a result, by subsequent melt processing It is possible to reduce the strength reduction of the joint 104 of the friction stir welding and to improve the joint strength.
- an additive 18 that does not cause a chemical reaction with the ultrafine particle material and has a melting point higher than that of the ultrafine particle material is added to the joint 104.
- friction stir welding is performed with mixing, the joint strength immediately after friction stir welding can be remarkably improved.
- the joint 104 has an integral multiple and an integer multiple of the length a ′ of the unit crystal lattice with respect to the length a of the unit crystal lattice of the metal materials 100 and 102.
- Additive 18 particles with a misfit of ⁇ 15% or less are mixed. After that, when the joint 104 is melt-processed, when the metal materials 100 and 102 resolidify in the melt-processed portion, the particles of the added calorie material 18 with a small misfit with respect to the crystals of the metal materials 100 and 102 are solidified. It becomes a nucleus and a crystal grain is generated for each particle of the additive 18.
- the size of the crystal grains of the metal materials 100 and 102 that solidify for each particle of the additive 18 becomes small, and even if each small crystal grain is coarsened, it collides with each other and more than that. Since it cannot be increased, the coarsening of the crystal grains of the metal materials 100 and 102 can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the strength reduction of the joint portion 104 of the friction stir welding due to subsequent melt processing, and to improve the joint strength.
- the joint 18 is filled with the additive 18 so that the additive 18 is supplied to the joint 104 easily and reliably. be able to.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state of friction stir welding according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the additive 18 is supplied to the joint 104 by discharging the additive 18 from the additive discharge nozzle 20 to the site to which the rotary tool 10 is moved. This is different from the first embodiment.
- the additive discharge nozzle 20 is moved in response to the movement of the rotary tool 10 so that the additive 18 can be discharged to the site to which the rotary tool 10 moves.
- the joint 104 may be covered with the groove 106 opened in the direction facing the rotary tool 10.
- the additive 18 since the additive 18 is released to the site where the rotary tool 10 is moved, the position of the joint 104 varies at the actual processing work site, or the rotary tool of the joint 104 is inserted. This can be handled even when the direction to be performed is a direction other than the vertical downward direction. Further, since the additive 18 temporarily stays in the groove 106, the additive 18 can be more easily supplied to the joint 104.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a rotary tool according to a third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of friction stir welding according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the point force for releasing the additive 18 to the rotary tool 10 internal force joint 104 as the rotary tool 10 moves.
- the rotary tool 10 of the present embodiment is provided with additive material discharge holes 22 at the tip and side surfaces of the probe 12 and at the tip of the shoulder 14, and the additive material is provided inside the rotary tool body 16.
- An additive supply path 24 leading to the discharge hole 22 is provided.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a rotary tool according to a third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of friction stir welding according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the point force for releasing the additive 18 to the rotary tool 10 internal force joint 104 as the rotary tool 10
- the rotary tool 10 is moved while being rotated, and at the same time, the additive 18 is supplied through the additive supply path 24 and added through the additive discharge hole 22. Material 18 is released. The additive 18 temporarily stays in the groove 106 and is mixed with the particles of the metal materials 100 and 102 as the rotary tool 10 rotates.
- the internal force of the rotary tool 10 also releases the additive 18 to the joint 104, so that the additive 18 can be reliably supplied to the joint 104, and the position of the joint 104 varies. It is also possible to cope with the case where the rotation tool 10 is inserted into the joint 104 in a direction other than the vertical downward direction.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state of friction stir welding according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- an additive is included in the material of the rotary tool 10 in advance, and the rotary tool 10 is worn while being rotated by moving the rotary tool 10 along the longitudinal direction of the joint 104.
- the point which supplies an additive to the junction part 104 differs from the said 1st Embodiment.
- the metal materials 100 and 102 are A1 materials
- the rotary tool 10 is made of porous TiC.
- TiC does not cause a chemical reaction with the A1 material and melts higher than the melting point of the A1 material.
- the additive material is supplied to the joint 104 as the rotary tool 10 containing the additive is worn, the additive can be supplied to the joint 104 evenly. The dispersibility of the material can be further improved.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a state of friction stir welding according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the present embodiment is different from the first to fourth embodiments in that spot friction stir welding is performed without moving the rotary tool 10.
- the metal materials 100 and 102 are overlapped at the joint 104, an insertion hole 116 penetrating at least the metal material 102 is formed, and the rotary tool 10 is inserted.
- the additive 18 is filled in the insertion hole 116 before.
- the probe 12 of the rotating tool 10 is inserted into the joint 104 through the insertion hole 116 and rotated to join the metal materials 100 and 102. After joining, a joined part 118 as shown in FIG. 9 is formed.
- the stacked metal materials 100 and 102 can be joined together. Further, since the additive material 18 is filled in the insertion hole 116 before the rotary tool 10 is inserted into the joint portion 104 through the insertion hole 116, the additive material 18 can be easily and reliably supplied to the joint portion 104. it can. Note that the overlapping metal materials 100, 100 are also obtained by friction stir welding in which the metal material 100, 102 is joined by rotating the rotary tool 10 inserted into the insertion hole 116 and moving it along the longitudinal direction of the joint portion 104. 102 can be joined together.
- the supply of the additive 18 to the joining portion 104 is performed by discharging the additive 18 from the nozzle 20 and supplying it as in the second embodiment, as in the third embodiment.
- a 6 mm thick AZ31 material (Mg alloy containing 3% A1 and 1% Zn) was prepared.
- a groove with a width of 1 mm and a depth of 2 mm was formed on the surface of the prepared AZ31 material, assuming a joint by friction stir welding.
- the formed grooves were filled with SiC powder 108 having a particle diameter of 0.5 to 5 / ⁇ ⁇ and an average particle diameter of m shown in FIG.
- the friction stir welding as shown in Fig. 3 insert the probe 12 of the rotary tool 10 into the groove filled with SiC powder on the surface of the AZ31 material, and perform the friction stir processing to move the rotary tool 10 while rotating it. It was.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the state of the part subjected to the friction stir processing of this experimental example
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the boundary between the base material and the stirrer.
- FIG. 11 it can be seen that the state of the crystal grains of the stirring unit 112 obtained by subjecting the base material 110 which is the AZ31 material to the friction stirring processing by the rotary tool 10 is changed.
- FIG. 12 it can be seen that the SiC powder 108 is mixed in the stirring unit 112.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the microhardness of the AZ31 material in this experimental example.
- the micro hardness of the AZ31 material is 40 to 50 Hv
- the micro hardness of the AZ31 material subjected to the friction stir processing is the depth of the surface edge. It can be seen that the agitated area up to 2 mm increases to 52-57 Hv! /.
- the microhardness of the AZ31 material, which was filled with SiC powder in the groove and subjected to friction stir processing was the maximum in the surface force with SiC added up to a depth of 2 mm! It increases to 77Hv! /.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing crystal grains of AZ31 material that has been heat-treated for 1 hour. As shown in Figs. 14-17, it can be seen that even when the temperature of the heat treatment for AZ3 1 material is increased, there is little variation in the size of the crystal grains.
- FIG. 18 to 21 show the AZ31 material after the friction stir treatment, the AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 200 ° C for 1 hour after the friction stir treatment, and the heat treatment at 300 ° C for 1 hour after the friction stir treatment, respectively.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing crystal grains of the AZ31 material and the AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 400 ° C. for 1 hour after the friction stir processing.
- the higher the temperature of the heat treatment for the AZ31 material subjected to the friction stir processing the larger the crystal grains than the base material. This is thought to be because the crystal grains that were distorted by the friction stir processing were coarsened due to recrystallization caused by the heat of heat treatment.
- Figs. 22 to 25 show the AZ31 material after the friction stir treatment with SiC added, the AZ31 material after the friction stir treatment with SiC added and heat-treated at 200 ° C for 1 hour, and SiC, respectively.
- Figure 3 shows the crystal grains of AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 300 ° C for 1 hour after frictional stirring treatment and AZ31 material that was heat-treated at 400 ° C for 1 hour after frictional stirring treatment with SiC. It is. As shown in FIGS. 22 to 25, it can be seen that even when the temperature of the heat treatment increases, the coarsening of the crystal grains does not occur.
- Figure 26 is an enlarged view of the crystal grain interface of the AZ31 material that was heat-treated after the friction stir processing with SiC added. As shown in FIG. 26, it is considered that the SiC powder 108 stays at the crystal grain interface 114 and suppresses the crystal grain to be coarsened by heat, so that the coarsening of the crystal grain is suppressed.
- Figs. 27 to 29 are graphs showing the microhardness before and after each heat treatment for the AZ31 material, the AZ31 material after the friction stir treatment, and the AZ31 material after the friction stir treatment added with SiC, respectively. It is. As shown in Fig. 27, it can be seen that the AZ31 material that has not been subjected to the friction stir processing has little variation in microhardness before and after the heat treatment. However, as shown in FIG. 28, it can be seen that the AZ31 material after the friction stir treatment decreases in microhardness as the heat treatment temperature rises. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 29, the AZ31 material after friction stir processing with SiC added is SiC It can be seen that the surface force to which is added is also in the region up to a depth of 2 mm, and the microhardness is reduced.
- FIG. 30 is a graph showing the microhardness of the AZ31 material after the friction stir processing with various additives added.
- the broken line in the figure indicates 41, which is the microhardness of the AZ31 material itself.
- FIG. 30 it can be seen that the AZ31 material subjected to the friction stir processing with the addition of each additive material has an increased microhardness.
- WC and Si are substances that do not cause a chemical reaction with the AZ31 material and have a higher melting point than the AZ31 material, as in the case of SiC. Therefore, even if these AZ31 materials are melted, It is considered that grain coarsening is suppressed and a decrease in microhardness is suppressed.
- An A1050 material which is an aluminum material specified in JIS H 4000 with a thickness of 6 mm, was prepared. Similar to Experimental Example 1 above, a groove having a width of 1 mm and a depth of 2 mm was formed on the surface, and the groove was filled with SiC powder and subjected to friction stirring.
- the A1050 material after the friction stir treatment was heat-treated at 300 ° C for 1 hour. For comparison, heat treatment was also performed at 300 ° C. for 1 hour on the A1050 material that was subjected to the friction stir treatment without adding SiC powder and the A1050 material that was not subjected to the friction stir treatment. Before and after heat treatment, measure the microhardness of each A1050 material.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing the microhardness of the A1050 material in this experimental example. As shown in Fig. 31, the friction stir treatment is performed! / ⁇ ! The A1050 material has little variation in the microhardness before and after heat treatment, but the A1050 material that has undergone the friction stir treatment has a greatly reduced microhardness after the heat treatment. You can see that On the other hand, it can be seen that the A1050 material that has been subjected to friction stir processing with the addition of SiC has little variation in microhardness before and after heat treatment.
- A1050 which is an aluminum material specified in JIS H 4000 with a thickness of 5 mm
- each A1050 material is abutted at the joint
- TiC powder with an average particle size of 1 m is filled in the joint
- the rotational speed of the rotary tool is 500 rpm
- the joint speed is 500 mmZmi.
- Friction stir welding was performed at n.
- the width of the joint by friction stir welding is 10 mm on the surface of the A1050 material.
- melt run welding by TIG welding was performed at a joining speed of 200 mmZmin at 180 A from directly above the joint by friction stir welding.
- the width of the melted range was about 6 mm at the center of the thickness of the A1050 sheet.
- the hardness of the central portion of the thickness of the plate in the cross section of the joint was measured at a pitch of 0.3 mm.
- FIG. 32 is a graph showing the hardness of the joint portion of the A1050 material in Experimental Example 3. As shown in Fig. 32, it can be seen that in the range of 2.5 mm from the joint where TIG welding was performed on the joint by friction stir welding, the hardness was higher than that of the surrounding base metal. This is consistent with the region where the TiC particles were dispersed.
- FIG. 33 is a graph showing the hardness distribution at the boundary between the melt-bonded portion and friction stir welded portion of A1050 material in Experimental Example 3, which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of friction stir welded portion and the longitudinal direction of the melt-bonded portion It is a figure which shows the hardness distribution in a cross section perpendicular
- the melt-bonded portion has a solidified structure with fine crystal grain strength, and even in the heat-affected zone of the melt-joined where almost no decrease in hardness occurs, grain growth is suppressed and no change in hardness occurs. It can be seen that there is no absence. Thus, it can be seen that even if fusion welding is performed on the joint by friction stir welding, the hardness (strength) is reduced in the entire joint including the vicinity.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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US12/282,510 US7918379B2 (en) | 2006-03-10 | 2007-03-07 | Process for working metal material and structures |
GB0817128A GB2449210B (en) | 2006-03-10 | 2007-03-07 | Process for working metal material and structures |
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JP2006-066456 | 2006-03-10 | ||
JP2006066456A JP4873404B2 (ja) | 2006-03-10 | 2006-03-10 | 金属材の加工方法および構造物 |
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US (1) | US7918379B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4873404B2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2449210B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007105573A1 (ja) |
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US20090068492A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
US7918379B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 |
JP2007237281A (ja) | 2007-09-20 |
JP4873404B2 (ja) | 2012-02-08 |
GB2449210B (en) | 2011-03-09 |
GB2449210A (en) | 2008-11-12 |
GB0817128D0 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
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